Robots are increasingly being used in modern applications like manufacturing, automobiles, electronics, medicine and defense. The document discusses how robots are used in these sectors to improve flexibility, quality and productivity. Specific examples are provided of robots being used in automobile assembly, packaging, electronics manufacturing, space exploration and bomb disposal. The benefits of robots include increased production speeds and consistency while reducing costs. However, expertise is required to program and handle robots, and bottlenecks could limit the benefits of automation. Overall, robots are revolutionizing industries while potentially affecting some jobs, but technology has historically been a net creator of new types of jobs.

1. Advancement in use of
Robots in Modern
Applications
By
Akshar Thakur
Omkar Shelar

2. • Objective
– To highlight how different sectors, by using robotic
technology, operate in much different way than they did
some years ago
• Methodology
– The research was conducted with the help of secondary
research methodology. Secondary research was carried
out by reading articles related to the topic on internet
• Hypothesis
– Use of robots in different domains like manufacturing,
automobile, electronics, medicine, defense etc. has
resulted in flexible manufacturing operations, improved
quality of operations and improved productivity

3. Robots?

4. Re-programmable multifunctional manipulator designed to
move materials, parts, or specialized devices through
variable programmed motions for the performance of a
variety of tasks - Robotic
Institute of America
Electro-
mechanical
devices
Either automated
or human
controlled
Perform variety
of tasks

5. Robots
Manual
Semi
Automated
Automated
Wired Wireless Programmed Self Learning

6. • Applications of Robots
Automobile
Packaging
Electronics

7. • Applications of Robots
Space
Military
Pharmacy

8. Use of robots in Automobile Industry

9. Assembly and Finishing
Movement of materials/objects
Performing in hazardous conditions
Robots working in Automobile Industry are
mainly used for

10. Assembly
Expand
production
capabilities
Increases
production speed
and consistency
Finishing
Automate
coating process
Saves both time
and money

11. Movement of
materials and
objects
Perform variety of product handling jobs like
part selection, transferring, packaging,
palletizing, loading and unloading, machine
feeding and disengaging
Increase efficiency of product line and improve
quality of finished products

12. Performing in
hazardous conditions
Robots automate some of the most tedious and unsafe
tasks in production line
If human body exposes to hazardous and toxic fumes while
performing manually, such exposure may cause damage to
brain tissue and lead to lung diseases

13. Tata Motors has set up one of the most automated
production lines with a very high safety level for its Indica
car at the Pimpri, Pune plant
The carmaker installed around 300 robots on a single line.
It employs a large number of KR 210 robots, which are
used for typical material handling applications and the KR
16 for arc welding.
Production took a big leap with the new line capable of
producing 2,70,000 cars per annum or around 900 cars a
day
Robots swinging into action at Tata Motors

14. Use of robots in Packaging

15. Largely used for palletizing and packaging of
manufacturing products
Make packaging process faster, precise and cost
efficient
Packaging Robots...
Can effectively handle variety of food, beverage and
consumer products
Primary Packaging
• High speed picking
• Collating
• Part transfer
• Singulation
• Sorting and Inspection
Secondary Packaging
• Tray packing and handling
• Case packing
• Bottle packing
• Pouch packing and handling

16. Pepsi Beverages Co. (PBC) has installed an automated
storage and retrieval system (AS/RS) and warehouse
control system (WCS) at its plant in Tampa, Florida
The WCS handles 2 storage/retrieval machines of the
AS/RS, conveying systems for pallets and cases and 5
robots for layer picking and palletizing
Automated material handling conveyors and robotic
palletizing form and build layers of mixed SKU at a rate of
2,000/hr which is more than five times the manual picking
rate
Robots at Pepsi Beverages Co.

17. Use of robots in Electronics Industry

18. Manufacturing Process of Electronic
applications requires very high precision
Delta style robots with its six axis articulation
can reorient parts to place them at proper
position
Robots used for custom chip assembly,
automated circuit board testing, automated
soldering, PC board assembly etc.

19. At Siemens’ Electronics Manufacturing Plant in Erlangen,
Germany (GWE), people and machines work hand in hand
The plant produces industrial drives and controllers for
manufacturing equipment. Annual output lies between
5,000 and a quarter of a million
Light weight robots named as R2-D2 have reduced cost of
production significantly. Important thing is Siemens do not
want a factory that is devoid of people. What they foresee
is a combination of people and machinery
A Factory Where People and Robots Work
Together

20. Use of robots in Space

21. • NASA’s international
space shuttle has robotic
arm named as Candaram.
• Candaram can release or
recover satellite. It was
used to grab The Hubble
space telescope
• The Mars rovers spirit
and the Opportunity are
used for exploring Mars
• Scout robots are used for
exploring new areas

22. Applications of Robotics in other Industries
Agriculture Robots
Military Robots
Pharmacy Robots

23. The country's first robot- assisted surgery was conducted
in 2008 at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi
One arm of the robot controls the camera and the other
three hands manipulate the surgical instruments. The
entire process is observed via a high-definition 3D vision
system
The robotic arm is designed in such a way that it can reach
the interiors of the organ curvature, which is not possible
in traditional or microscopic surgery without damaging
normal tissues
India's first robot-assisted surgery at AIIMS

24. Dr. Arvind Kumar, Professor of Surgery at
AIIMS

25. Source: http://www.army-technology.com/projects/remotely-
operated-vehicle-rov-daksh/
DRDO’s Daksh

26. Daksh is an electrically powered Remotely Operated
Vehicle (ROV) designed and developed by the Indian state-
owned DRDO at Pune and was inducted in Indian army
around 2011
Daksh is primarily designed to recover improvised explosive
devices(IEDs). Daksh has also been equipped with
Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN)
hazard detection mechanisms
Daksh is serving bomb disposal units (BDU) of the army,
police and paramilitary forces in handling IEDs. As many of
40 IEDs have been neutralized in the insurgency-affected
areas in the North-East India with the help of Daksh so far
DRDO’s Daksh

27. • Main Features
– ROV is based on a motorized pan-tilt platform
– It can be remotely controlled from a range of 500m
– The vehicle's manipulator arm can handle hazardous objects of
up to 20kg from 2.5m and 9kg from a 4m distance
• IED handling equipment
– The IED handling equipment scans, handles and removes
hazardous objects
– The water jet disrupter fitted on the vehicle can safely diffuse
IEDs. The vehicle can lift, drag and tow suspected objects
away from the area
– The onboard X-ray unit scans horizontal and vertical planes.
Image processing software allows user to zoom in/zoom out,
alter brightness, sharpness and equipped with multiple auto
snapshot creation facility

28. • CBRN remotely operated platform
– In case of any chemical, radiation, biological or nuclear hazard
the detection unit fitted on Netra can be flown to the affected
area
– Automatic control unit can detect the presence of gas and the
concentration levels. It displays the results in numeric as well
as graphical format
• Master control station (MCS)
– The ROV Daksh can be remotely controlled by a single
operator using the MCS
– The onboard modern communication systems allow command
and control as well as image transmission between Daksh and
MCS
• The performance of Daksh has been at par, in some
cases even better than imported unmanned ground
vehicles

29. Use of robots by

30. Amazon bought Kiva systems for $775 million in
2012
Kiva is specialized in robots that automate whole
picking and packing process
Amazon stared using Kiva robots in July 2014 which
significantly improved its efficiency

31. • Kiva robots are square-
shaped, yellow machine
that runs on wheels
• Weighs almost 320
pounds and about 16
inches tall
• Can run at speed of 5
miles per hour and can
drag packages weighing
up to 700 pounds
• Controlled by central
computer systems
• Navigate using markers
on the ground

32. • At Amazon warehouse, storage space is located at the
center of warehouse
• It contains square shelves packed with countless
products from inventory
• Kiva robots carry the shelves atop themselves and glide
quickly across the floor
• Robots can rearrange the shelves in rows
• Robots bring shelves over to human workers
• Human workers either stack those shelves with new
products or retrieve goods for packaging

33. Automation increased productivity
Earlier
• Earlier Amazon workers were
often working over 10 hours a
day and walking up to 15
miles a shift to pick items off
the shelves
• Conditions of some Amazon’s
warehouse were not employee
friendly
• In 2011, many employees of
Pennsylvania warehouse
suffered heatstroke
Now
• Kiva robots eliminated hard
picking work by bringing
items directly to workers
• Amazon witness its busiest
days of the year during
Thanksgiving and Christmas
• It received 426 orders per
second
• Automation allowed more
products packed in less time
and improved efficiency of
process

34. Impact on workforce
Currently Amazon has 30000 robots working in its 13
fulfillment center
More people have been hired to join fulfillment center
since Kiva robots were installed
Amazon fulfillment center is best example where human
and robots work collaboratively and collaboration has
resulted in increasing operational efficiency & reducing
operational cost

35. Disadvantages
of Robots
Advantages
of Robots

36. Advantages
• Savings
– Significantly reduced
operational cost
– Improved safety conditions in
turn resulted in less no. of
insurance and healthcare
concerns
• Quality
– Produce high quality results
consistently
• Production
– Increased speed of
production as Robots can
work constantly without
break, sleep or vacation
• Safety
Disadvantages
• Expertise
– Employees working with
robots require training for
programming and handling
robots
– Training process is time
consuming and has financial
toll as well
• ROI
– If bottleneck is present at
any other point in production
process, automation may not
produce results as intended
• Expense

37. Conclusion
Robots has simplified and automated production process and
made many industrial operations simple
Robotics will affect many blue collar jobs negatively as many
industries will opt for automation instead of low skilled
workers
However, historically it is proven that technology has been a
net creator of jobs
Usage of advanced technologies & robots will continue to
revolutionize product development, manufacturing processes,
automation and business models