The document provides an overview of advanced PHP concepts including operators, control structures, functions, and arrays. It discusses various PHP operators like arithmetic, assignment, comparison, increment/decrement, logical, and string operators. It also covers PHP control structures like if, elseif, switch, while, do-while and for loops. Additionally, it explains PHP functions such as defining functions, function arguments, and returning values from functions. Finally, it discusses PHP arrays such as storing multiple values in a single variable using arrays, accessing array values by index, and the different types of PHP arrays.

1. Advanced PHP
 PHP Operators
 Control Structures
 PHP Functions
 Arrays

2. *Property of STI K0032
Operator
is something that you feed with one or more
values
characters or set of characters that perform a
special operation within the PHP code

3. *Property of STI K0032
Arithmetic Operators
used to perform simple mathematical
operations such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, etc
Example Name Result
$a + $b Addition (+) Sum of $a and $b
$a - $b Subtraction (-) Difference of $a and $b
$a * $b Multiplication (*) Product of $a and $b
$a / $b Division (/) Quotient of $a and $b
$a % $b Modulus (%) Remainder of $a divided
by $b
$a**$b Exponentiation
(**)
Result of raising $a to
the $b‘th power (PHP 5)

4. *Property of STI K0032
Assignment Operators
used to transfer values to a variable
Operator Assignment Same as Description
= a=b a = b
The left operand
gets the value of
the expression on
the right
+= a+=b a = a + b Addition
-= a-=b a = a – b Subtraction
*= a*=b a = a * b Multiplication
/= a/=b a = a / b Division
%= a%=b a = a % b Modulus

5. *Property of STI K0032
Comparison Operators
allow you to compare two values
Example Name Result
$a = = $b Equal TRUE if $a is equal to $b.
$a = = = $b Identical TRUE if $a is equal to $b, and they are of
the same type. (PHP 4 only)
$a != $b Not equal TRUE if $a is not equal to $b.
$a <> $b Not equal TRUE if $a is not equal to $b.
$a != = $b Not identical TRUE if $a is not equal to $b, or they are
not of the same type. (PHP 4 only)
$a < $b Less than TRUE if $a is strictly less than $b.
$a > $b Greater than TRUE if $a is strictly greater than $b.
$a <= $b Less than or equal TRUE if $a is less than or equal to $b.
$a >= $b Greater than or
equal
TRUE if $a is greater than or equal to $b.

6. *Property of STI K0032
Increment/Decrement Operators
 increment operators are used to increase the value of a
variable by 1
 decrement operators are used to decrease the value of
a variable by 1
Example Name Effect
++$a Pre-increment Increment $a by one.Then
returns $a.
$a++ Post-increment Returns $a, then increments
$a by one.
--$a Pre-decrement Decrements $a by one, then
returns $a.
$a-- Post-decrement Returns $a, then decrements
$a by one.

7. *Property of STI K0032
Increment/Decrement Operators
Sample script
<?php
echo "<h3>Postincrement</h3>";
$a = 5;
echo "Should be 5: " . $a++ . "<br />n";
echo "Should be 6: " . $a . "<br />n";
echo "<h3>Preincrement</h3>";
$a = 5;
echo "Should be 6: " . ++$a . "<br />n";
echo "Should be 6: " . $a . "<br />n";
?

8. *Property of STI K0032
Logical Operators
used to combine conditional statements
Example Name Result
$a and $b AND TRUE if both $a and $b areTRUE.
$a or $b OR TRUE if either $a or $b isTRUE.
$a xor $b XOR TRUE if either $a or $b isTRUE, but not
both.
! $a NOT TRUE if $a is notTRUE.
$a && $b AND TRUE if both $a and $b areTRUE.
$a | | $b OR TRUE if either $a or $b isTRUE.

9. *Property of STI K0032
String Operators
 two string operators
 concatenation operator (.) - returns the concatenation of its
right and left arguments
 concatenation assignment operator (.=) - appends the
argument on the right side to the argument on the left side
<?php
$a = "Hello ";
$b = $a . "World!"; // now $b contains "Hello World!"
$a = "Hello ";
$a .= "World!"; // now $a contains "Hello World!"
?>

10. *Property of STI K0032
PHP Array Operators
PHP array operators are used to compare arrays
Example Name Result
$a + $b Union (+) Union of $a and $b
$a = = $b Equality (==) Returns true of $a and $b have the
same value
$a === $b Identity (===) Returns true if $a and $b have the
same value, same order, and of the
same type
$a != $b Inequality (!=) Returns true if $a is not equal to $b
$a <> $b Inequality (<>) Returns true if $a is not equal to $b
$a !== $b Not-Identity (!==) Returns true if $a is not identical to $b

11. *Property of STI K0032
Control Structures: IF Statement
The if statement is one of the most important
features of many languages
It allows conditional execution of code
fragments
Use PHP if statement when you want your
program to execute a block of code only if a
specified condition is true

12. *Property of STI K0032
IF Statement
Syntax:
Example:
If (condition) {
statement to be executed if condition is true;
}
<?php
$t = date("H");
if ($t < "12") {
echo "Good morning!";
}
?>

13. *Property of STI K0032
If…Else Statement
 This control structure execute some code if a condition is met
and do something else if the condition is not met
 Else extends an if statement to execute a statement in case the
condition in the if statement evaluates to false
 Syntax:
If (condition) {
statement to be executed if condition is
true;
} else {
Statement to be executed if condition is
false;
}

14. *Property of STI K0032
If…Else Statement
Example:
 The else statement is only executed if the condition in the if
statement is evaluated to false, and if there were any elseif
expressions – only if they evaluated to false as well
<?php
$t = date("H");
if ($t < "12") {
echo "Good morning!";
} else {
echo “Good afternoon!”;
}
?>

15. *Property of STI K0032
ElseIf Statement
 a combination of if and else
 it extends an if statement to execute a different
statement in case the original if expression evaluates to
FALSE
 Syntax:
If (condition) {
statement to be executed if condition is true;
} elseif (condition) {
Statement to be executed if condition is true;
} else {
Statement to be executed if condition is false;
}

16. *Property of STI K0032
ElseIf Statement
 Example:
<?php
$t = date("H");
if ($t < "12") {
echo "Good morning!";
} elseif ($t < "18") {
echo "Good afternoon!";
} else {
echo "Have a good evening!";
}
?>

17. *Property of STI K0032
Switch Statement
 similar to a series of if statements on the same expression
 Syntax:
switch (n) {
case 1:
Statement to be executed if n=case 1;
Break;
case 2:
Statement to be executed if n=case 2;
Break;
case 3:
Statement to be executed if n=case 3;
Break;
...
Default:
Statement to be executed if n is not equal to all cases;
}

18. *Property of STI K0032
Switch Statement
 Example:
<?php
$fruit = "mango";
switch ($fruit) {
case "apple":
echo "My favorite fruit is apple!";
break;
case "banana":
echo " My favorite fruit is banana!";
break;
case "mango":
echo " My favorite fruit is mango!";
break;
default:
echo "My favorite fruit is not in the list!";
}
?>

19. *Property of STI K0032
While Statement
While loops are the simplest type of loop in PHP.
They behave like their C counterparts
The basic form of a while statement is
While (condition is true) {
Statement to be executed here...;
}

20. *Property of STI K0032
While Statement
Example:
<?php
$a = 1;
While ($a <=10) {
echo “The number is: $a <br>”;
$a++;
}
?>

21. *Property of STI K0032
Do…while statement
do...while loops are very similar to while loops,
except the truth expression is checked at the
end of each iteration instead of in the beginning
do…while statement will always execute the
blocked of code once, it will then checked the
condition, and repeat the loop while the
condition is true

22. *Property of STI K0032
Do…while statement
Syntax:
Example:
Do {
Statement to be executed;
} while (condition is true);
<?php
$a = 1;
Do {
echo “The number is: $a <br>”;
$a++;
}
While ($a <=10);
?>

23. *Property of STI K0032
FOR statement
executes block of codes in a specified number of
times
basically used when you know the number of
times the code loop should run
Syntax:
for (initialization; condition; increment)
{
statement to be executed
}

24. *Property of STI K0032
FOR statement
Initialization: It is mostly used to set
counter
Condition: It is evaluated for each loop
iteration
Increment: Mostly used to increment a
counter

25. *Property of STI K0032
FOR statement
Example:
Result:
<?php
for ($a = 1; $a <= 5; $a++) {
echo "The number is: $a <br>";
}
?>

26. *Property of STI K0032
Function
self-contained blocked of codes that
perform a specified “function” or task
executed by a call to the function
can be called anywhere within a page
often accepts one or more parameters
(“also referred to as arguments”) which
you can pass to it

27. *Property of STI K0032
Function
 Syntax:
 The declaration of a user defined function starts with
the word “function” followed by a short but descriptive
name for that function
function functionName()
{
Statement to be executed;
}

28. *Property of STI K0032
Function
 Example:
 Result:
<?php
function callMyName()
{
echo "Francesca Custodio";
}
callMyName();
?>

29. *Property of STI K0032
Function Arguments
 Function arguments are just like variables
 specified right after the function name inside the
parentheses
 Example:
<?php
function MyFamName($Fname){
echo "$Fname Garcia. <br>”;
}
MyFamName("Allen");
MyFamName("Patrick");
MyFamName("Hannah");
?>

30. *Property of STI K0032
Function returns a value
Function returns a value using the return
statement
Example:
<?php
function sum($a, $b) {
$ab = $a + $b;
return $ab;
}
echo "5 + 10 = " . sum(5, 10) . "<br>";
echo "7 + 13 = " . sum(7, 13) . "<br>";
echo "2 + 4 = " . sum(2, 4);
?>

31. *Property of STI K0032
 Having 3 car names (Honda, Mazda, and Mitsubishi), how
will you store these car names in a variable?
Answer:
$car1 = “Honda”;
$car2 = “Mazda”;
$car3 = “Mitsubishi”;
 However, what if you want to loop through the cars and
look for a specific one? And what if you had hundreds or
thousands of cars?What will you do?
Answer:
Create an array and store them to a single variable.

32. *Property of STI K0032
Arrays
PHP array is a special variable which allows you
to store multiple values in a single variable
$cars = array(“Honda”, “Mazda”, “Mitsubishi”);

33. *Property of STI K0032
Arrays
The values of an array can be accessed by
referring to its index number
Result:
<?php
$cars = array("Honda", "Mazda", "Mitsubishi");
echo "I have " . $cars[0] . ", " . $cars[1] “,” .
", and " . $cars[2] . ".";
?>

34. *Property of STI K0032
Types of PHP Arrays
Three (3) different types of PHP arrays
Indexed array
Associative array
Multidimensional array

35. *Property of STI K0032
Indexed Arrays
Indexed arrays or numeric arrays use
number as key
The key is the unique identifier, or id of
each item within an array
index number starts at zero

36. *Property of STI K0032
Indexed Arrays
Two ways to create an array:
1. Automatic key assignment
2. Manual key assignment
$Fruits = array(“Mango”, ”Santol”, ”Apple”,
“Banana”);
$fruit[0] = “Mango”;
$fruit[1] = “Santol”;
$fruit[2] = “Apple”;
$fruit[3] = “Banana”;

37. *Property of STI K0032
Array count() function
The count() function is used to return the length (the
number of elements) of an array
Example:
Result:
$fruit = array(“Mango”, ”Santol”, ”Apple”,
“Banana”);
$arrlength=count($fruit);
echo $arrlength;

38. *Property of STI K0032
Array: displaying specific content
Example:
Result:
$Fruit = array(“Mango”, ”Santol”, ”Apple”,
“Banana”);
echo $fruit[1];

39. *Property of STI K0032
Looping through Indexed Array
 Loop construct is used to loop through and print all the values of
a numeric array
 For loop structure is best to use in numeric array
<?php
$fruit = array("Mango", "Santol", "Apple",
"Banana");
$arrlength = count($fruit);
for ($i = 0; $i < $arrlength; $i++)
{
echo $fruit[$i];
echo "<br>";
}
?>

40. *Property of STI K0032
Associative Arrays
arrays that use named keys as you assigned to
them
Associative arrays are similar to numeric arrays
but instead of using a number for the key
it use a value.Then assign another value to the
key

41. *Property of STI K0032
Associative Arrays
Two options to create an associative array
1. First:
2. Second:
$fruit = array (“Mango”=>”100”, “Santol”=>”200”,
“Apple”=>”300”);
$fruit [‘Mango’] = “100”;
$fruit [‘Santol’] = “200”;
$fruit [‘Apple’] = “300”;

42. *Property of STI K0032
Displaying the content of an Associative Array
 Displaying the content of an associative array is compared with
numeric or indexed array, by referring to its key
 Example:
 Output:
<?php
$fruit = array("Mango" => "100 per kilo",
"Santol" => "200 per kilo", "Apple" => "300 per
kilo");
echo "Santol:" . $fruit["Santol"];
?>

43. *Property of STI K0032
Looping through an Associative Array
 Loop construct is used to loop through and print all the
values of an associative array
 For each loop structure is best to use in associative
array
 Example:
<?php
$fruit = array("Mango", "Santol", "Apple", "Banana");
$arrlength = count($fruit);
foreach($fruit as $x => $x_value) {
echo "Key = " . $x . ", Value = " . $x_value;
echo "<br>";
}
?>

44. *Property of STI K0032
Multidimensional Arrays
an array that contains another array as a value,
which in turn can hold another array as well
This can be done as many times as can be wish –
could have an array inside another array, which
is inside another array, etc
In such a way, it is possible to create two- or
three-dimensional arrays

45. *Property of STI K0032
Multidimensional Arrays
Name QTY Sold
Mango 100 96
Apple 60 59
Santol 110 100
<?php
$fruit = array
(
array("Mango",100,96),
array("Apple",60,59),
array("Santol",110,100)
);
?>

46. *Property of STI K0032
Multidimensional Arrays
 The two-dimensional array name $fruit array which has two
indices: row and column - contains three arrays.To get access to
each specific element of the $fruit array, one must point to the
two indices.
 Example:
 Result:
echo $fruit[0][0].": QTY: ".$fruit[0][1].", sold: ".
$fruit[0][2].".<br>";
echo $fruit[1][0].": QTY: ".$fruit[1][1].", sold: ".
$fruit[1][2].".<br>";
echo $fruit[2][0].": QTY: ".$fruit[2][1].", sold: ".
$fruit[2][2].".<br>";

47. *Property of STI K0032
Multidimensional Arrays
 Using for loop statement to get the element of the $fruit array
Result:
for ($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) {
echo "<p><b>Row number $row</b></p>";
echo "<ul>";
for ($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++) {
echo "<li>".$fruit[$row][$col]."</li>";
}
echo "</ul>";
}