Adsorption is a surface phenomenon that refers to the uniform distribution of a substance through another at the surface, such as the solution of H2 in Pd. It is the condensation of ions, molecules, or aggregates of molecules upon a surface that they come into contact with. Adsorption is defined as the concentration of a substance at the interface between heterogeneous phases such as a solid/gas or two immiscible liquids.

1. 1. It is a surface phenomenon and refers to the
uniform distribution of a substance through
another at the surface e.g. solution of H2 in Pd.
2. It is the phenomenon in which a layer of ions,
molecules or aggregates of molecules condense
upon the surface with which they come in
contact.
3. It is defined as the concentration of a substance
at the interface or boundary between
heterogeneous phases e.g. solid/ gas or two
immiscible liquids

2. Adsorbate
It is the substance which is adsorbed at
the surface of another substance
Examples are: gases, dyes, water vapors
etc.

3. Adsorbent
It is the substance which adsorbs the
other substance at its surface.
Examples are: activated charcoal, bone
charcoal, alumina, silica gel, kaolin and
filler’s earth.

4. Order Of Adsorption
I. Liquid/ Solid adsorption
II. Solid/ Gas adsorption
III. Liquid/ Gas adsorption
IV. Liquid/ Liquid adsorption

5. Positive adsorption
Negative adsorption
Sorption

6. How adsorption occurs

7. Types of Adsorption
Vander walls or physical adsorption
Chemisorption

8. Factors effecting the
adsorption
Solubility of adsorption
Nature of Adsorbate
Nature of adsorbent
Concentration of adsorbent
Pressure
Temperature
pH
Affinity between adsorbent and adsorbate
Stirring

9. Pharmaceutical Applications of
adsorption
1. Activated charcoal
2. Physiological Importance
3. Purification
4. Preparation of Vitamin B1
5. Gas masks
6. Heterogeneous Catalysts
7. Bacterial filtration
8. Solid-liquid chromatography
9. Emulsification
10.Decolonization
11.Adsorption of water vapors

10. Lecture by:
Dr. Muhammad Akbar