This document summarizes acute kidney failure. It defines acute kidney failure as the sudden reduction in kidney function over days or weeks that is potentially reversible. The causes of acute kidney failure are divided into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal. Common features include oliguria, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and uremic symptoms like nausea. Treatments focus on correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances, treating underlying causes, and dialysis in severe cases.

1. NUR FARRA NAJWA BINTI ABDUL
AZIM
082015100035

2.  By the end of the seminar students should be
able to
 Know what is acute kidney failure
 Understand what is the etiology of acute kidney
failure
 Know the feature of acute kidney failura
 List the treatments of acute kidney failure

3.  Renal failure is the
failure of kidney
function to or loss of
kidney function leads
to decrease in urine
output
 May develop over
periods of days to
years
Acute
Reversible
Sudden,
Days or
weeks
Reduced
urine
production

4. PRE-
RENAL
- Hypovolemia
-Artherosclerosis
-Stenosis
-Ischemia
RENAL
- SLE
-Infection
-Drugs
-Inflammation
POST-
RENAL
-Benign
prostatic
hyperplasia
-Kidney stone
-Sudden
injury

6. VASCULAR
-Endothelial
dysfunction
-Adhering of
inflammed cell
TUBULAR
-Obstruction
-Clot

7.  Oliguric
 Hyperkalemia
 Dilutional hyponatremia
 Metabolic acidosis
 Hypocalcemia
 Uremic feature
 Anorexia
 Nausea
 Lethargy
 Apathy
 Coma
 Confused
 Muscle twitching
 Hiccough

10.  Calcium gloconate
 Insulin, glucose solution + sodium bicarbonate
 Blood @ plasma @ isotonic saline infusion
 Isotonic sodium bicarbonate infusion
 Fluid intake = urine output
 Post renal cause (surgery)
 Controlled infection
 Hemodialysis

11.  Define
 Etilogy
 Features
 Treatments

12.  Textbook Of Medical Physiology, GK Pal