2. mmary and Examples of Active and
sive immunity
tive immunity involves the production of
e recipient's immune system, while passive
es the transfer of pre-formed antibodies.
ctive immunity is acquired through exposure to
bsequent immune response, while passive
quired through the transfer of antibodies.
y occurs when antibodies are transferred from one
other, providing immediate but temporary
st a specific pathogen.
y occurs when the body's immune system is
oduce its antibodies in response to exposure to a
en).
Active immunity and passive immunity are two mechanisms by
which the body can defend against pathogens, but they differ in
how immunity is acquired and the duration of protection
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
COMPARISON
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
MECHANISM
3. mmary and Examples of Active and
sive immunity
tive immunity involves the production of
e recipient's immune system, while passive
es the transfer of pre-formed antibodies.
ctive immunity is acquired through exposure to
bsequent immune response, while passive
quired through the transfer of antibodies.
y occurs when antibodies are transferred from one
other, providing immediate but temporary
st a specific pathogen.
Active immunity occurs when the body's immune system is
stimulated to produce its antibodies in response to exposure to a
pathogen (antigen).
and passive immunity are two mechanisms by
n defend against pathogens, but they differ in
acquired and the duration of protection
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
COMPARISON
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
MECHANISM
4. mmary and Examples of Active and
sive immunity
tive immunity involves the production of
e recipient's immune system, while passive
es the transfer of pre-formed antibodies.
ctive immunity is acquired through exposure to
bsequent immune response, while passive
quired through the transfer of antibodies.
Passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from one
individual to another, providing immediate but temporary
protection against a specific pathogen.
y occurs when the body's immune system is
oduce its antibodies in response to exposure to a
en).
and passive immunity are two mechanisms by
n defend against pathogens, but they differ in
acquired and the duration of protection
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
COMPARISON
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
MECHANISM
5. mmary and Examples of Active and
sive immunity
tive immunity involves the production of
e recipient's immune system, while passive
es the transfer of pre-formed antibodies.
Acquisition: Active immunity is acquired through exposure to
antigens and subsequent immune response, while passive
immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies.
y occurs when antibodies are transferred from one
other, providing immediate but temporary
st a specific pathogen.
y occurs when the body's immune system is
oduce its antibodies in response to exposure to a
en).
and passive immunity are two mechanisms by
n defend against pathogens, but they differ in
acquired and the duration of protection
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
COMPARISON
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
MECHANISM
6. mmary and Examples of Active and
sive immunity
Mechanism: Active immunity involves the production of
antibodies by the recipient's immune system, while passive
immunity involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies.
ctive immunity is acquired through exposure to
bsequent immune response, while passive
quired through the transfer of antibodies.
y occurs when antibodies are transferred from one
other, providing immediate but temporary
st a specific pathogen.
y occurs when the body's immune system is
oduce its antibodies in response to exposure to a
en).
and passive immunity are two mechanisms by
n defend against pathogens, but they differ in
acquired and the duration of protection
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
COMPARISON
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
MECHANISM
7. Examples: active immunity natural infection and vaccination.
Passive immunity: administration of immune globulins and
maternal antibody transfer (Study Animated, 2018).
tive immunity involves the production of
e recipient's immune system, while passive
es the transfer of pre-formed antibodies.
ctive immunity is acquired through exposure to
bsequent immune response, while passive
quired through the transfer of antibodies.
y occurs when antibodies are transferred from one
other, providing immediate but temporary
st a specific pathogen.
y occurs when the body's immune system is
oduce its antibodies in response to exposure to a
en).
and passive immunity are two mechanisms by
n defend against pathogens, but they differ in
acquired and the duration of protection
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
COMPARISON
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
MECHANISM
8. REFERENCES
• Zhang, X., Yang, F., Zou, J., Wu, W., Jing, H., Gou, Q., ... & Zhang, J. (2018). Immunization with
Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles stimulates protective immunity in
mice. Vaccine, 36(8), 1047-1054.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X18300690
• Schlake, T., Thess, A., Thran, M., & Jordan, I. (2019). mRNA as novel technology for passive
immunotherapy. Cellular and molecular life sciences, 76, 301-328.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00018-018-2935-4
• Male, D., Male, V., & Peebles, R. S. (2020). Immunology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=GIDRDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=immu
nology&ots=Y1jui1pwh4&sig=G6fVcA8cRu-0KVPNuljtwUZN-V8
• Study Animated. (2018, February 11). Immunisation and types of immunity / active and passive
immunity !. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6ioHoI-VZ4
• Szekeres-Bartho, J., & Schindler, A. E. (2019). Progestogens and immunology. Best Practice &
Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 60, 17-23.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521693419300896
Editor's Notes
In this presentation, we shall discuss active vs passive immunity. To begin with, when the body's immune system is prompted to create antibodies in reaction to a disease, active immunity is developed (Zhang at al., 2028). In this process, lymphocytes identify and process the antigen, which results in the generation of certain antibodies. Due to memory cell development, active immunity offers durable protection by facilitating a quick and powerful immune response when exposed to the same pathogen again.
Definition: Schlake et al. (2029) defines active immunity as when the body is exposed to a disease (antigen), the immune system is prompted to manufacture antibodies, which is known as active immunity.
Process: In an active immunization, the body's immune response is triggered by direct contact with the antigen, which causes cells to produce particular antibodies. The immune system's identification and processing of the antigen are part of this process (Male et al., 2020),
Duration: Because the body keeps memory cells that may react quickly to recurrent exposures to the same virus, active immunity usually offers long-lasting protection.
Examples: Vaccination or spontaneous exposure to a pathogen (such as a chickenpox illness) can induce active immunization.
Definition: Passive immunity is when one human being gets antibodies from another to defend him/ herself against a particular infectious disease for a short while. Procedure: Instead of the receiver’s immune system making the antibodies, passive immunization involves transfer of pre-formed antibodies. These may be given through injections or via the mother and her fetus through placenta (Male et al., 2020), Duration: After transferring, immunity conferred by passive process is temporary due to degradation and lack of replenishing by the recipient’s immune system. Instances: Other examples include administration of certain drugs such as Rh immune globulin, Hepatitis B immune globulin directed towards preventing or treating specific diseases and also maternal transference of the antibodies to her child during gestation (Male et al., 2020).
According to a publication by Male et al. (2020), a person can develop active immunity by stimulating their body’s immune system to manufacture antibodies after it has been exposed to a disease-causing organism. This type of resistance lasts longer because of the formation of memory cells. Passive immunity on the other hand, is acquired through the transfer of ready-made antibodies from an external source.
Active immunity gives immediate protection but for a short duration only. Unlike passive immunity which does not involve recipient’s immune response, active immunity requires antigen exposure and active response by the immune system (Szekeres-Bartho & Schindler, 2019).
Active immunization usually occurs through vaccination or natural infection, whereas passive immunization involves administration of gamma globulin or anti-rabies serum in forms such as injections or passage across placenta during pregnancy (Male et al., 2020).
Szekeres-Bartho and Schindler (2019) explain that the active immunity’s mechanism includes the body’s immune system recognizing and processing antigens, in most cases by the pathogen being exposed to or a vaccination. This triggers lymphocytes activation, producing specific antibodies against the antigen. Long lasting immunity is conferred on subsequent exposure because of memory cells that develop during this period. On the other hand a video by Study Animated (2018) on YouTube explains that, passive immunity relies on fully formed antibodies from an external source which bypasses the receiver’s immune response. Although this mechanism offers immediate but brief protection as transferred antibodies break down with time without formation of any memory cells (Szekeres-Bartho & Schindler, 2019).
Examples: Active immunity examples include natural infection and vaccination, while passive immunity examples include administration of immune globulins and maternal antibody transfer (Szekeres-Bartho & Schindler, 2019).
Summary
In summary, active immunity involves the body's immune response to antigen exposure, resulting in long-lasting protection, while passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies for immediate but temporary protection. Both mechanisms play crucial roles in protecting individuals from pathogens.
