Basic life support

1. GENERAL FIRST AID.
BY KONDUTO GERSHON.
SENIOR ANAESTHETIST.

2. POISONING
Is a lethal disruption of body’s physiological mechanism by
the induction of a an exogenic biological or chemical agent.

3. POISONING

5. POISON
Any substance that is harmful to human body.
They Include;
 High doses of over the counter drugs
 Carbon monoxide

6. CT’S
 Pesticide.
 Some plants.
 Metals such as lead and mercury.
 Laundry agents.

7. MEDICAL POISONING.
 Also known as drug poisoning.
 Leads to serious health hazard or even death.
 Example acetaminophen poisoning, barbiturates
poisoning.

8. ANIMAL /PLANT POISONING

9. POISONOUS PLANTS

10. POISONOUS PLANTS

11. CARE DURING POISONING
CALL FOR HELP
While waiting for help, Take the following actions until help arrives:
 Swallowed poison. Remove anything remaining in the person's
mouth. If the suspected poison is a household cleaner or other
chemical, read the container's label and follow instructions for
accidental poisoning.
 Poison on the skin. Remove any contaminated clothing using
gloves. Rinse the skin for 15 to 20 minutes in a shower or with a
hose.

12. CT’S
 Poison in the eye. Gently flush the eye with cool or lukewarm
water for 20 minutes or until help arrives.
 Inhaled poison. Get the person into fresh air as soon as possible.
 If the person vomits, turn his or her head to the side to prevent
choking.
 Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as moving,
breathing or coughing.

13. CT’S
 Call Poison Help at 800-222-1222 in the United States or
your regional poison control for additional instructions.
 Have somebody gather pill bottles, packages or containers
with labels, and any other information about the poison to
send along with the ambulance team.

14. PRINCIPLES OF POISONING TREATMENT
 Initial stabilization.
 Topical decontamination.
 Activated charcoal.
 Gastric emptying.

15. CT’S
 Whole bowel irrigation.
 Alkaline diuresis.
 Dialysis.
 Specific antidotes.
 Ongoing supportive measures.

16. TREATMENT

17. SPECIFIC MEDICAL POISONING MANAGEMENT
DRUD NON PHARM MX PHARM MMX ( antidote)
Barbiturates Gastric lavage
O2 inhahation
Amiphenazole
Morphine Gastric lavage
Activated charcoal
Naloxone
Acetaminophen Gastric lavage Acetylcysteine
Antidepressant Gastric lavage
Activated charcoal

18. DROWNING AND
NEAR-DROWNING

19. DEFITITION
DROWNING - is death resulting from suffocation within 24
hours of submersion in liquid medium.
NEAR-DROWNING - survival of a person at least 24hrs after
an episode of suffocation caused by submersion in liquid
medium.

20. CHAIN OF EVENTS DURING DROWNING
 Immersion in water.
 Breath holding voluntarily and with panic.
 Struggle of the victim.
 Involuntarily point of cession.

21.  Aspiration of water and laryngospasm.
 Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia .
 Hypoxic brain damage.

22. CT’S
 Cytotoxic brain oedema.
 Increased ICP and decreased cerebral blood flow.
 Herniation and death.

23. CT’S

24. TREATMENT
 MIND YOUR SAFETY FIRST.
 DROWN NOT THYESLF TO SAVE A DROWNING MAN.

25. TREATMENT
 ABC
 Heimlich and pantric manoeuvre with head down position
to facilitate drainage.
 Manual and mechanical ventilation with ETT.
 Start CPR.
 Keep oxygen at 90%.

26. TREATMENT

27. ANIMAL BITE

28. DEFINITION
 A bite from any animal.
 Can be wild or domestic animal.

29. WHAT TO DO
 If not bleeding heavily, irrigate with water for 5-10minutes.
 Remove foreign material.
 Control bleeding via pressure application.
 If rabies possible, was with soap or povidone – iodine.
 seek anti-rabies vaccine.

30. HUMAN BITE.
 Wash with soap and water.
 Control bleeding.
 Cover the wound with sterile dressing.
 Seek tetanus immunization.

31. POISONOUS SNAKE
 Get the victim away from the snake
 Do not suck the site
 Keep the victim quiet
 Evacuate to the hospital
 Antivenom to be given 4-6 hrs besides symptomatic
treatment.

32. NON POISONOUS SNAKE BITE
 Clean with soap and water.
 care for the wound.
 Seek anti-tetanus booster.

33. OTHER INJURIES
injury management
Bones Mobilise to prevent further inuries, evacuate for hospital care
spine mobilize to prevent further injury, use c collar
joints Mobilizemassaging ,warm compress
burns Run cold water evacuate ans transport to the hospital
Muscls and ligaments Massage and pain medication. If worsening, seek hospital care
convulsions Restrain in asafe place, anticonvulsant

34. MASS ACCIDENT, CASUALTY
OR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

35. DEFINITION
Disaster is a natural or human made hazard resulting in an
event causing significant physical damage or destruction,
loss of life or drastic change in environment.
Disaster is an event that result in demand for services that
exceeds available resources.

36. MASS ACCIDENT /CASUALTY.
 Is an event which generates more patients at one time
than locally available resource.
 It requires exceptional emergency arrangement and
additional or extra ordinary assistance.

37. TYPES OF DISASTERS

38. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RERESPONSE
 Agencies and responders
 Triage
 Treatment
 Transport

39. TRIAGE
Establishing priority of patient care for urgent treatment
based on the severity of their condition while allocating
limited resources
The word SMART Is used
S - Simple.
T - Triage and
R - Rapid
T - Treatment

40. CATEGORIES OF TRIAGE

41. COMPONENTS OF ASSESSMENT.
 Ambulation.
 Respiration.
 Perfusion.
 Mental status.

42. TRANSPORTATION