Activated_Charcoal
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•1,150 views
Activated charcoal is a fine, black powder that binds to chemicals in the GI tract to reduce their toxicity. It works by binding poisons and preventing their absorption from the stomach into the body, making it most effective within one hour of ingestion. Activated charcoal can decontaminate the gut without invasive procedures and is proven safe for both adults and children. However, it is not effective against caustics, heavy metals, rapidly absorbed substances, or certain other insoluble drugs. Side effects may include constipation, diarrhea, or vomiting.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Aminophylline drug
This document provides information about aminophylline. It begins with an introduction and outlines the key points that will be covered: mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects, contraindications, and nursing considerations. It then discusses aminophylline's classification as a xanthine and bronchodilator, routes of administration, effects of increasing cAMP and inhibiting adenosine receptors, and indications for use in asthma, COPD and apnea. Potential adverse effects involving the gastrointestinal, central nervous and renal systems and cardiovascular system are covered. The document concludes with warnings about aminophylline's narrow therapeutic window and interactions with other substances, nursing considerations regarding administration and monitoring, and advising patients.
Dopamine & dobutamine
Dopamine and dobutamine are endogenous catecholamines used to increase cardiac output and blood pressure. Dopamine acts through dopamine, adrenergic, and beta receptors. At low doses it increases renal blood flow but at higher doses causes vasoconstriction. Dobutamine is a synthetic catecholamine that directly stimulates beta receptors, increasing contractility and output while causing vasodilation. Both are given by continuous IV infusion and used to treat shock, heart failure, and hypotension. Side effects include arrhythmias for dopamine and hypertension for both.
Aspirin (drug presentation) for medical students .
The document is a presentation on aspirin submitted by a nursing student. It provides information on aspirin including what it is, its dosages and routes of administration, its actions and indications, contraindications, side effects, and nursing considerations for its use. It also includes information on teaching the patient about aspirin and lists some references used in preparing the presentation.
Adrenalin
Adrenaline is used to treat anaphylaxis, hypotension, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest, and asystole. It works by causing smooth muscle relaxation in the airways, contraction in the arterioles, and increasing contractability of cardiac muscles. Common side effects include hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, dysrhythmias, dizziness, pallor, tremor, insomnia, headache, nausea, and palpitations. When administering adrenaline, nurses must follow ten rights, monitor for adverse effects, use an inotropic infusion or syringe, and observe standard dilution procedures.
Endotracheal tubes
The document describes the components and uses of endotracheal tubes, which are curved plastic or latex tubes used for intubation to provide an airway for mechanical ventilation or respiratory support. It details the parts of the ET tube including the proximal end, central portion with markers, and distal end, as well as types, sizing, complications, and uses. The document also provides information on ambu bags, including their parts and mechanism for providing intermittent positive pressure ventilation.
Dopamine
The document summarizes key information about dopamine, including its discovery and functions as a neurotransmitter. It describes dopamine's effects at different doses when used intravenously as a drug. Low doses selectively activate dopamine receptors to increase renal and splanchnic blood flow. Intermediate doses stimulate heart rate and contractility through beta-1 receptors. High doses cause systemic and pulmonary vasoconstriction through alpha receptors. The document also discusses dopamine's clinical uses, administration, interactions, and adverse effects.
Atropine slideshare
ATROPINE- Introduction, brand name, pharmacological name, available forms, route of administeration , CNS, acetyl choline function, classification, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics,indications, contraindications, precautions, side-effects, nursing responsibility and patient education
Forgeinbody airway obstruction
Choking occurs when a foreign object blocks the airway. It is a risk when eating and can be fatal. Soft, small foods pose higher risks. Symptoms include clutching the neck, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Treatment involves back blows and abdominal thrusts for conscious victims or CPR for unconscious ones. Prevention focuses on chewing food well and avoiding choking hazards for young children like hard or small foods.
Recommended
Aminophylline drug
This document provides information about aminophylline. It begins with an introduction and outlines the key points that will be covered: mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects, contraindications, and nursing considerations. It then discusses aminophylline's classification as a xanthine and bronchodilator, routes of administration, effects of increasing cAMP and inhibiting adenosine receptors, and indications for use in asthma, COPD and apnea. Potential adverse effects involving the gastrointestinal, central nervous and renal systems and cardiovascular system are covered. The document concludes with warnings about aminophylline's narrow therapeutic window and interactions with other substances, nursing considerations regarding administration and monitoring, and advising patients.
Dopamine & dobutamine
Dopamine and dobutamine are endogenous catecholamines used to increase cardiac output and blood pressure. Dopamine acts through dopamine, adrenergic, and beta receptors. At low doses it increases renal blood flow but at higher doses causes vasoconstriction. Dobutamine is a synthetic catecholamine that directly stimulates beta receptors, increasing contractility and output while causing vasodilation. Both are given by continuous IV infusion and used to treat shock, heart failure, and hypotension. Side effects include arrhythmias for dopamine and hypertension for both.
Aspirin (drug presentation) for medical students .
The document is a presentation on aspirin submitted by a nursing student. It provides information on aspirin including what it is, its dosages and routes of administration, its actions and indications, contraindications, side effects, and nursing considerations for its use. It also includes information on teaching the patient about aspirin and lists some references used in preparing the presentation.
Adrenalin
Adrenaline is used to treat anaphylaxis, hypotension, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest, and asystole. It works by causing smooth muscle relaxation in the airways, contraction in the arterioles, and increasing contractability of cardiac muscles. Common side effects include hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, dysrhythmias, dizziness, pallor, tremor, insomnia, headache, nausea, and palpitations. When administering adrenaline, nurses must follow ten rights, monitor for adverse effects, use an inotropic infusion or syringe, and observe standard dilution procedures.
Endotracheal tubes
The document describes the components and uses of endotracheal tubes, which are curved plastic or latex tubes used for intubation to provide an airway for mechanical ventilation or respiratory support. It details the parts of the ET tube including the proximal end, central portion with markers, and distal end, as well as types, sizing, complications, and uses. The document also provides information on ambu bags, including their parts and mechanism for providing intermittent positive pressure ventilation.
Dopamine
The document summarizes key information about dopamine, including its discovery and functions as a neurotransmitter. It describes dopamine's effects at different doses when used intravenously as a drug. Low doses selectively activate dopamine receptors to increase renal and splanchnic blood flow. Intermediate doses stimulate heart rate and contractility through beta-1 receptors. High doses cause systemic and pulmonary vasoconstriction through alpha receptors. The document also discusses dopamine's clinical uses, administration, interactions, and adverse effects.
Atropine slideshare
ATROPINE- Introduction, brand name, pharmacological name, available forms, route of administeration , CNS, acetyl choline function, classification, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics,indications, contraindications, precautions, side-effects, nursing responsibility and patient education
Forgeinbody airway obstruction
Choking occurs when a foreign object blocks the airway. It is a risk when eating and can be fatal. Soft, small foods pose higher risks. Symptoms include clutching the neck, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Treatment involves back blows and abdominal thrusts for conscious victims or CPR for unconscious ones. Prevention focuses on chewing food well and avoiding choking hazards for young children like hard or small foods.
Mucolytic Drugs
This document discusses mucolytic drugs, which are used to thin mucus in the respiratory tract. It classifies common mucolytics - bromhexine, ambroxol, and acetylcysteine. It describes their mechanisms of action, dosages, and nursing responsibilities when administering them. Mucolytics work by breaking down mucus polymers to decrease viscosity and make mucus easier to cough up or suction out of the airways. Nurses should prepare for suctioning, encourage fluid intake, and maintain patients' airways when using mucolytics to treat respiratory disorders associated with excessive mucus production.
ambu bag.pptx
An Ambu bag, also known as a bag valve mask (BVM), is a handheld device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients unable to breathe effectively on their own. It consists of a self-inflating bag, one-way valve, mask, and optional oxygen reservoir. The Ambu bag is used to manually ventilate a patient's lungs until they can breathe spontaneously or more advanced ventilation support is available. Complications can include aspiration, hypoventilation, hyperventilation, and pneumothorax if not used properly.
Poisoning Management.(What is poisoning and How to manage poisoning cases..?)
.Introduction to poisoning
.Types of poisoning
.Cases of poisoning
.Treatment and management of poisoning
Facemask , oral and nasal airways
This document provides information on various types of face masks and oral/nasal airways used in anesthesia. It describes the parts and materials of face masks, including anatomical masks, transparent masks, and scented masks. It discusses techniques for proper face mask placement and complications. It also covers oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways, describing specific types like the Guedel airway and their uses and insertion techniques. Overall, the document is an overview of common airway devices used in anesthesia and their characteristics.
Stage of anesthesia
This document discusses Guedel's criteria for determining the depth of anesthesia. It describes the four stages and planes of anesthesia: stage 1 involves a dream-like state with normal reflexes; stage 2 involves irregular breathing and increased heart rate and blood pressure; stage 3 involves regular breathing divided into four planes involving eye and reflex changes and pupil dilation; stage 4 involves respiratory and circulatory failure leading to death if not addressed. Guedel's criteria are based on respiration, eye movements, reflexes, and other responses and provide guidance for assessing anesthesia depth during induction and recovery.
Insulin giving techniques
This document provides instructions for giving insulin injections using various devices. It discusses choosing appropriate injection sites on the body, demonstrates proper injection technique, and explains how to use insulin pens and pumps. The key points are that insulin should be injected into subcutaneous tissue, in areas like the abdomen, thighs, buttocks and arms, and that injections should be given before meals to control blood glucose levels. It also outlines the basic steps for administering insulin via syringe, pen, or pump.
Aminophylline
Aminophylline is a bronchodilator compound made of theophylline and ethylenediamine. It works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and antagonizing adenosine receptors. This leads to bronchodilation, increased heart rate and contractility. It has a narrow therapeutic index and interactions with many other drugs. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting and arrhythmias at high doses. It is used for reversible airway obstruction but requires careful dosing and monitoring.
Oropharyngeal Airway.pptx
An oropharyngeal airway (also known as an oral airway, OPA or Guedel pattern airway) is a medical device called an airway adjunct used in airway management.
Laryngoscope
This document provides information on the use of a laryngoscope, including indications, contraindications, and procedures. It is used prior to intubation in infants for conditions like neonatal asphyxia or respiratory distress, and in older children for resuscitation or anesthesia. Direct laryngoscopy is also used to examine the larynx for issues like cord palsy or foreign bodies. The procedure involves lubricating and advancing the laryngoscope behind the epiglottis while examining various structures, with risks including mechanical injury or stimulating a vago-vagal response.
Endotracheal tubes.pptx
An endotracheal tube is inserted into the trachea to mechanically ventilate a patient or breathe for them using a machine. It has a proximal end that connects to a ventilator, a distal end with an opening, and a radio-opaque marker to visualize placement via x-ray. Endotracheal tubes can be cuffed or uncuffed. Intubation requires laryngoscopy to visualize the vocal cords and guide the tube past them into the trachea, which is then confirmed using end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring and chest auscultation. Complications can include hypoxia, bronchial intubation, trauma, and infection if not performed correctly.
Gastric lavage
Gastric lavage, also known as stomach wash or gastric suction, is used to clean out the stomach contents. It removes ingested poisons or prepares the stomach for endoscopy. A tube is passed into the stomach and small volumes of liquid are instilled and drained until the returning fluid is clear. Precautions must be taken to ensure the tube does not enter the lungs. Risks include aspiration pneumonia, laryngospasm, hypoxia, bradycardia, and mechanical injury to the throat, esophagus or stomach.
Paracentesis
Paracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity through puncturing the abdominal wall. It relieves pressure on abdominal and chest organs from fluid buildup. The key steps are preparing the patient, inserting a trocar and cannula below the umbilicus to drain fluid, and applying a dressing to the puncture site after removing sufficient fluid. The procedure aims to diagnose conditions causing fluid accumulation and reduce respiratory distress.
LASIX - Furosemide(loop diuretics)
This document provides information on the loop diuretic furosemide, including its chemical and pharmacological classification, dosing, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects, contraindications, and drug interactions. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle, promoting increased excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and water. It is indicated for conditions like edema, hypertension, and hyperkalemia. Adverse effects include ototoxicity and electrolyte disturbances. It can interact with other diuretics or drugs that affect electrolyte levels.
Iv fluids TYPES OF IV FLIUDS
Intravenous (IV) therapy involves administering liquid substances directly into the veins and circulation. IV fluids can be used for fluid replacement, medication delivery, blood products, and diagnostic testing. There are two main types of IV fluids - crystalloids like saline that distribute throughout the body, and colloids like gelatin that remain in the blood vessels longer. Providing too much or too little IV fluid, or giving the wrong type of fluid, can cause complications like fluid overload, hypovolemia, electrolyte imbalances, and changes in sodium levels that impact cell function. Careful monitoring of fluid intake and outputs, serial lab tests, and targeting circulatory parameters can help optimize IV therapy and avoid potential harms
Laryngeal mask-airway
The document discusses the history and use of laryngeal mask airways (LMA). It describes how Dr. Brain developed the first LMA prototype in 1981 as a supraglottic device that sits outside the trachea but provides an airway. Over time, different types of LMAs were developed including the classic LMA, ProSeal LMA, reinforced LMA, LMA-Unique, and Supreme LMA. The document outlines the features and proper insertion technique for each LMA and discusses their advantages, such as being less invasive than endotracheal tubes, as well as potential complications if not properly placed.
Venturi Mask for Oxygen Delivery Administration
Romsons is a leading medical and surgical device manufacturing company known for developing high-quality venturi masks.
potassium chloride (emergency drugs).pptx
Generic name - brand name - definition - Main action - indication for use - side effects & nursing management for using of potassium chloride
laryngoscope class by Dr Sandeep Singh Jadon ppt.pptx
This document provides information about laryngoscopy and different types of laryngoscopes. It begins with an introduction to laryngoscopy and its uses such as endotracheal intubation. It then discusses the history and development of laryngoscopes. The document outlines the different parts of a direct rigid laryngoscope and various blade types including the Macintosh and Miller blades. It also discusses techniques for laryngoscopy and managing a difficult airway. Finally, it covers video laryngoscopy and the use of flexible fiberoptic endoscopes for intubation.
Oral Airway Presentation
This document discusses oropharyngeal airways, which are curved plastic devices inserted into the mouth to prevent the tongue from blocking the airway. They are indicated for unconscious patients without a gag reflex. The proper size is selected by measuring from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw. The airway should be inserted upside down and rotated sideways as it passes the tongue, then positioned with the flange at the teeth to maintain the airway. Failure to manage the airway properly can lead to preventable death, so early detection, rapid intervention and continual reassessment of the airway are important.
Basic life support
This document provides information on basic life support (BLS). It describes BLS as procedures to restore oxygenated blood circulation after cardiac or respiratory arrest. The objectives are to support breathing through rescue breathing or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). BLS is indicated for respiratory or cardiac arrest. Steps include ensuring safety, checking response, providing rescue breaths or CPR, and using an automated external defibrillator if needed. Chest compressions and rescue breaths are described for CPR. Schaffer's and Sylvester methods are alternatives for artificial respiration when someone is facedown or on their back.
Poisoning & its management
This document discusses poisoning, its causes, symptoms, and management. It defines poisoning as occurring when a substance interferes with normal body functions after being swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed. Common causes of poisoning include cleaning products, pesticides, metals, drugs, contaminated food, and plant toxins. Symptoms vary depending on the poison but can include vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, rash, confusion, and trouble breathing. Management involves resuscitation, diagnosis, decontamination through gastric emptying or charcoal, enhanced elimination such as forced diuresis or dialysis, and administration of antidotes as needed. Prevention strategies include proper storage and disposal of medications and household chemicals.
Paraquat poisoning by Dr.Jeevan Tc.pptx
- Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide that is rapidly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. It causes oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species.
- Mild toxicity results from ingestion of less than 20 mg/kg, while more than 40 mg/kg is often fatal. Toxicity involves multiple organ systems and can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome.
- Management involves decontamination, supportive care, and antioxidants as adjunctive treatments. Decontamination includes removal of contaminated clothing and administration of activated charcoal or adsorbents. Supportive care focuses on hydration, ventilation, and treating complications like renal failure. High-dose antioxidants may help reduce oxidative damage from paraquat.
More Related Content
What's hot
Mucolytic Drugs
This document discusses mucolytic drugs, which are used to thin mucus in the respiratory tract. It classifies common mucolytics - bromhexine, ambroxol, and acetylcysteine. It describes their mechanisms of action, dosages, and nursing responsibilities when administering them. Mucolytics work by breaking down mucus polymers to decrease viscosity and make mucus easier to cough up or suction out of the airways. Nurses should prepare for suctioning, encourage fluid intake, and maintain patients' airways when using mucolytics to treat respiratory disorders associated with excessive mucus production.
ambu bag.pptx
An Ambu bag, also known as a bag valve mask (BVM), is a handheld device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients unable to breathe effectively on their own. It consists of a self-inflating bag, one-way valve, mask, and optional oxygen reservoir. The Ambu bag is used to manually ventilate a patient's lungs until they can breathe spontaneously or more advanced ventilation support is available. Complications can include aspiration, hypoventilation, hyperventilation, and pneumothorax if not used properly.
Poisoning Management.(What is poisoning and How to manage poisoning cases..?)
.Introduction to poisoning
.Types of poisoning
.Cases of poisoning
.Treatment and management of poisoning
Facemask , oral and nasal airways
This document provides information on various types of face masks and oral/nasal airways used in anesthesia. It describes the parts and materials of face masks, including anatomical masks, transparent masks, and scented masks. It discusses techniques for proper face mask placement and complications. It also covers oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways, describing specific types like the Guedel airway and their uses and insertion techniques. Overall, the document is an overview of common airway devices used in anesthesia and their characteristics.
Stage of anesthesia
This document discusses Guedel's criteria for determining the depth of anesthesia. It describes the four stages and planes of anesthesia: stage 1 involves a dream-like state with normal reflexes; stage 2 involves irregular breathing and increased heart rate and blood pressure; stage 3 involves regular breathing divided into four planes involving eye and reflex changes and pupil dilation; stage 4 involves respiratory and circulatory failure leading to death if not addressed. Guedel's criteria are based on respiration, eye movements, reflexes, and other responses and provide guidance for assessing anesthesia depth during induction and recovery.
Insulin giving techniques
This document provides instructions for giving insulin injections using various devices. It discusses choosing appropriate injection sites on the body, demonstrates proper injection technique, and explains how to use insulin pens and pumps. The key points are that insulin should be injected into subcutaneous tissue, in areas like the abdomen, thighs, buttocks and arms, and that injections should be given before meals to control blood glucose levels. It also outlines the basic steps for administering insulin via syringe, pen, or pump.
Aminophylline
Aminophylline is a bronchodilator compound made of theophylline and ethylenediamine. It works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and antagonizing adenosine receptors. This leads to bronchodilation, increased heart rate and contractility. It has a narrow therapeutic index and interactions with many other drugs. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting and arrhythmias at high doses. It is used for reversible airway obstruction but requires careful dosing and monitoring.
Oropharyngeal Airway.pptx
An oropharyngeal airway (also known as an oral airway, OPA or Guedel pattern airway) is a medical device called an airway adjunct used in airway management.
Laryngoscope
This document provides information on the use of a laryngoscope, including indications, contraindications, and procedures. It is used prior to intubation in infants for conditions like neonatal asphyxia or respiratory distress, and in older children for resuscitation or anesthesia. Direct laryngoscopy is also used to examine the larynx for issues like cord palsy or foreign bodies. The procedure involves lubricating and advancing the laryngoscope behind the epiglottis while examining various structures, with risks including mechanical injury or stimulating a vago-vagal response.
Endotracheal tubes.pptx
An endotracheal tube is inserted into the trachea to mechanically ventilate a patient or breathe for them using a machine. It has a proximal end that connects to a ventilator, a distal end with an opening, and a radio-opaque marker to visualize placement via x-ray. Endotracheal tubes can be cuffed or uncuffed. Intubation requires laryngoscopy to visualize the vocal cords and guide the tube past them into the trachea, which is then confirmed using end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring and chest auscultation. Complications can include hypoxia, bronchial intubation, trauma, and infection if not performed correctly.
Gastric lavage
Gastric lavage, also known as stomach wash or gastric suction, is used to clean out the stomach contents. It removes ingested poisons or prepares the stomach for endoscopy. A tube is passed into the stomach and small volumes of liquid are instilled and drained until the returning fluid is clear. Precautions must be taken to ensure the tube does not enter the lungs. Risks include aspiration pneumonia, laryngospasm, hypoxia, bradycardia, and mechanical injury to the throat, esophagus or stomach.
Paracentesis
Paracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity through puncturing the abdominal wall. It relieves pressure on abdominal and chest organs from fluid buildup. The key steps are preparing the patient, inserting a trocar and cannula below the umbilicus to drain fluid, and applying a dressing to the puncture site after removing sufficient fluid. The procedure aims to diagnose conditions causing fluid accumulation and reduce respiratory distress.
LASIX - Furosemide(loop diuretics)
This document provides information on the loop diuretic furosemide, including its chemical and pharmacological classification, dosing, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects, contraindications, and drug interactions. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle, promoting increased excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and water. It is indicated for conditions like edema, hypertension, and hyperkalemia. Adverse effects include ototoxicity and electrolyte disturbances. It can interact with other diuretics or drugs that affect electrolyte levels.
Iv fluids TYPES OF IV FLIUDS
Intravenous (IV) therapy involves administering liquid substances directly into the veins and circulation. IV fluids can be used for fluid replacement, medication delivery, blood products, and diagnostic testing. There are two main types of IV fluids - crystalloids like saline that distribute throughout the body, and colloids like gelatin that remain in the blood vessels longer. Providing too much or too little IV fluid, or giving the wrong type of fluid, can cause complications like fluid overload, hypovolemia, electrolyte imbalances, and changes in sodium levels that impact cell function. Careful monitoring of fluid intake and outputs, serial lab tests, and targeting circulatory parameters can help optimize IV therapy and avoid potential harms
Laryngeal mask-airway
The document discusses the history and use of laryngeal mask airways (LMA). It describes how Dr. Brain developed the first LMA prototype in 1981 as a supraglottic device that sits outside the trachea but provides an airway. Over time, different types of LMAs were developed including the classic LMA, ProSeal LMA, reinforced LMA, LMA-Unique, and Supreme LMA. The document outlines the features and proper insertion technique for each LMA and discusses their advantages, such as being less invasive than endotracheal tubes, as well as potential complications if not properly placed.
Venturi Mask for Oxygen Delivery Administration
Romsons is a leading medical and surgical device manufacturing company known for developing high-quality venturi masks.
potassium chloride (emergency drugs).pptx
Generic name - brand name - definition - Main action - indication for use - side effects & nursing management for using of potassium chloride
laryngoscope class by Dr Sandeep Singh Jadon ppt.pptx
This document provides information about laryngoscopy and different types of laryngoscopes. It begins with an introduction to laryngoscopy and its uses such as endotracheal intubation. It then discusses the history and development of laryngoscopes. The document outlines the different parts of a direct rigid laryngoscope and various blade types including the Macintosh and Miller blades. It also discusses techniques for laryngoscopy and managing a difficult airway. Finally, it covers video laryngoscopy and the use of flexible fiberoptic endoscopes for intubation.
Oral Airway Presentation
This document discusses oropharyngeal airways, which are curved plastic devices inserted into the mouth to prevent the tongue from blocking the airway. They are indicated for unconscious patients without a gag reflex. The proper size is selected by measuring from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw. The airway should be inserted upside down and rotated sideways as it passes the tongue, then positioned with the flange at the teeth to maintain the airway. Failure to manage the airway properly can lead to preventable death, so early detection, rapid intervention and continual reassessment of the airway are important.
Basic life support
This document provides information on basic life support (BLS). It describes BLS as procedures to restore oxygenated blood circulation after cardiac or respiratory arrest. The objectives are to support breathing through rescue breathing or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). BLS is indicated for respiratory or cardiac arrest. Steps include ensuring safety, checking response, providing rescue breaths or CPR, and using an automated external defibrillator if needed. Chest compressions and rescue breaths are described for CPR. Schaffer's and Sylvester methods are alternatives for artificial respiration when someone is facedown or on their back.
What's hot (20)
Poisoning Management.(What is poisoning and How to manage poisoning cases..?)
Poisoning Management.(What is poisoning and How to manage poisoning cases..?)
laryngoscope class by Dr Sandeep Singh Jadon ppt.pptx
laryngoscope class by Dr Sandeep Singh Jadon ppt.pptx
Similar to Activated_Charcoal
Poisoning & its management
This document discusses poisoning, its causes, symptoms, and management. It defines poisoning as occurring when a substance interferes with normal body functions after being swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed. Common causes of poisoning include cleaning products, pesticides, metals, drugs, contaminated food, and plant toxins. Symptoms vary depending on the poison but can include vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, rash, confusion, and trouble breathing. Management involves resuscitation, diagnosis, decontamination through gastric emptying or charcoal, enhanced elimination such as forced diuresis or dialysis, and administration of antidotes as needed. Prevention strategies include proper storage and disposal of medications and household chemicals.
Paraquat poisoning by Dr.Jeevan Tc.pptx
- Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide that is rapidly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. It causes oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species.
- Mild toxicity results from ingestion of less than 20 mg/kg, while more than 40 mg/kg is often fatal. Toxicity involves multiple organ systems and can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome.
- Management involves decontamination, supportive care, and antioxidants as adjunctive treatments. Decontamination includes removal of contaminated clothing and administration of activated charcoal or adsorbents. Supportive care focuses on hydration, ventilation, and treating complications like renal failure. High-dose antioxidants may help reduce oxidative damage from paraquat.
PEPTIC ULCER.ppt
Peptic ulcers develop in the stomach and upper small intestine and cause pain. Common symptoms include pain, though some people experience blood in vomit or stool. Diagnosis involves tests for H. pylori bacteria and endoscopy to view the ulcers. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotics to treat H. pylori, proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid, antacids, and ulcer protective medications.
Toxicology Gut Decontam.
This document provides guidance on gut decontamination methods for poisoned patients, including ipecac, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and whole bowel irrigation. It recommends that ipecac and gastric lavage should rarely be used. Activated charcoal is most effective if administered within one hour of ingestion for known poisons that can be bound by charcoal. Whole bowel irrigation may be useful for sustained-release preparations or potentially toxic heavy metal ingestions if started within 4 hours. Each method has specific guidelines around dosage, timing, and contraindications.
Poison in pediatrics for clinical pharmacy
Toxins in the home include radon, lead, household products, and indoor air pollutants. Poisoning in children most commonly occurs accidentally in the under-5 age group through ingestion. Kerosene poisoning is common where kerosene is a major household fuel, usually from accidental ingestion. Management involves airway maintenance, investigating for complications, and hospitalization with antibiotics to prevent aspiration pneumonia. Corrosive ingestion requires no gastric lavage or induced vomiting, instead assessing ABCs and giving a small amount of water or demulcents as a diluent along with analgesics, antibiotics, and corticosteroids.
Poisoning
The document discusses poisoning and toxicology. It defines poisoning as the harmful effects of exposure to toxic substances. Poisoning can occur through ingestion, inhalation, absorption, or injection. Common causes of poisoning include chemicals, household products, drugs, pesticides, plants, and animal bites. Symptoms and treatment depend on the specific toxin. Management involves decontamination, supportive care, and antidotes when available. The document focuses on organophosphate poisoning, noting treatment involves atropine and pralidoxime to counteract acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
Paediatric Toxicology.ppt
The document discusses the evaluation and management of pediatric toxic exposures and ingestions, including general principles, potentially toxic ingestions of 1-3 tablets, emergency management of airway, breathing, circulation and other systems, decontamination methods, specific toxic syndromes and antidotes, and case examples of ethanol and iron ingestions. Management involves stabilization, decontamination if indicated, treatment of specific toxic effects, and consideration of toxicology studies and antidotes based on the exposure.
POISONING.pptx
What is definition of poisoning?
Poisoning is injury or death due to swallowing, inhaling, touching or injecting various drugs, chemicals, venoms or gases. Many substances — such as drugs and carbon monoxide — are poisonous only in higher concentrations or dosages.
activated charcoal – sometimes used to treat someone who's been poisoned; the charcoal binds to the poison and stops it being further absorbed into the blood.
antidotes – these are substances that either prevent the poison from working or reverse its effects.
There are four major routes by which a chemical may enter the body:
Inhalation (breathing)
Skin (or eye) contact.
Swallowing (ingestion or eating)
Injection.
Poisoning in Children.pptx
The document discusses poisoning in pediatric patients. Common causes of poisoning include household products like kerosene, drugs, chemicals, and pesticides. Accidental ingestion is most common in children under 5 due to curiosity and exploration. Poisoning symptoms include drowsiness, convulsions, and respiratory distress. Management involves decontamination, identifying the poison, supportive care, and specific antidotes if available. Corrosive agents commonly cause esophageal burns while organophosphates inhibit cholinesterase. Close observation is needed for all pediatric poisonings.
Treatment of Ingested Poisons.
Forensic chemistry deals with the analysis of poisons. Common methods for removing ingested poisons include inducing vomiting, administering activated charcoal or whole bowel irrigation. Gastric lavage and cathartics may also be used. Antidotes are then given to counteract any poison still in the body. The document provides details on the various techniques used to treat poisoning.
Diagnosis and therapeutic management of various emergencies of toxicities of ...
Diagnosis And Therapeutic Management Of Various Emergencies Of Toxicities Of Farm And Companion Animals
Gastric decontamination
Gastric lavage, also known as stomach pumping, is a method used to empty the contents of the stomach. It is performed within 1-2 hours of poison ingestion to decrease absorption. The procedure involves inserting a tube through the mouth and into the stomach. Saline is flushed through the tube to wash out any ingested substances, which are then suctioned out. Gastric lavage can help remove poisons but has risks and is not always recommended due to various contraindications. Activated charcoal may also be given through the tube to absorb any remaining toxins in the stomach.
General Principles of Management of Poisoning
This document provides an overview of the general principles for managing poisoning cases. It discusses the ABC approach which focuses on airway, breathing and circulation. It then covers various decontamination techniques including cleansing of the skin and gastrointestinal tract through induced vomiting, gastric lavage and use of activated charcoal. Whole bowel irrigation is also described. The document outlines enhancing toxicant elimination through forced diuresis, charcoal administration and extracorporeal techniques like hemodialysis. Finally, it mentions the importance of antidotes for different drug poisonings.
Alcohol intoxification
This document summarizes the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and clinical effects of various alcohols including ethanol, isopropanol, and methanol. Ethanol is rapidly absorbed through the stomach and intestine and metabolized in the liver. Common signs of intoxication include sedation, hypoglycemia, and respiratory depression. Methanol is metabolized to toxic compounds that can cause metabolic acidosis, visual impairment, and death. Treatment involves blocking metabolism using ethanol or fomepizole to prevent formation of toxic metabolites.
Approach to a case of poisoning arif
Poisoning is common in children and adolescents. A thorough history and physical exam are important to determine what was ingested and assess symptoms. General management includes airway protection, gastric emptying with activated charcoal, and supportive care. Specific poisonings discussed include kerosine, paracetamol, organophosphates, and iron. Kerosine causes respiratory distress and pneumonia. Paracetamol can cause liver damage treated with N-acetyl cysteine. Organophosphates inhibit cholinesterase treated with atropine and pralidoxime. Iron causes gastrointestinal and cardiovascular effects treated with lavage and deferoxamine.
PARAQUAT POISONING.pptx
- Paraquat is a herbicide that causes toxicity through generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to lung and other organ damage.
- It is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, and accumulates primarily in the lungs. Clinical features range from mild gastrointestinal symptoms to multi-organ failure and death.
- Treatment involves gut decontamination, supportive care, antioxidants, and in some cases extracorporeal removal techniques. C-reactive protein levels may help predict prognosis.
Gut decontamination or methods of poison removal in clinical toxicology
Gastrointestinal decontamination refers to removing toxins from the gastrointestinal tract. Methods include inducing vomiting, gastric lavage, cathartics, activated charcoal, and whole bowel irrigation. Inducing vomiting with ipecac or apomorphine is only recommended for alert patients within 4-6 hours of ingestion. Gastric lavage may be considered for life-threatening ingestions within 1-2 hours but has risks. Cathartics like sorbitol and magnesium can help purge the bowels. Activated charcoal binds toxins and is most effective within 1 hour. Whole bowel irrigation with solutions like PEG-ELS may help for late presentations over 4 hours after ingestion. These methods aim to reduce toxin
Lecture on childhood poisoning by eunice
This document discusses childhood poisoning. It begins by outlining the objectives, which are to recognize common causes of childhood poisoning, understand the general principles of diagnosis and management, and provide guidance to prevent accidental poisoning. The document then covers general principles of diagnosis and management. It outlines the approach to a poisoned patient and discusses specific compounds commonly involved in pediatric poisoning like paracetamol, salicylates, iron, and more. It provides details on diagnosis, mechanisms of toxicity, and management strategies for several common toxic exposures in children.
Organophosphorous Poisoning.pdf
complete guide on phosphorous chemicals ,its exposure, its diagnostics and followed by treatment patterns in humans
Allopurinol
Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to treat gout and hyperuricemia. It works by decreasing uric acid production. Common side effects include skin rashes, though it can also cause life-threatening allergic reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Due to these risks, allopurinol should be discontinued at the first sign of rash or allergy. It is also important to monitor patients for liver and kidney toxicity.
Similar to Activated_Charcoal (20)
Diagnosis and therapeutic management of various emergencies of toxicities of ...
Diagnosis and therapeutic management of various emergencies of toxicities of ...
Gut decontamination or methods of poison removal in clinical toxicology
Gut decontamination or methods of poison removal in clinical toxicology
More from ManjuNath912460
Earthquakes
This document discusses earthquakes and is divided into several sections. It begins with an introduction to plate tectonics and the major tectonic plates. It then defines earthquakes and describes the different types of faults that cause earthquakes. It discusses devices used to measure earthquake magnitude like the Richter scale. It outlines India's seismic zones and provides examples of major earthquakes in India. The document covers earthquake hazards and impacts, risk mitigation strategies, and the role of emergency medical services in responding to earthquakes. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of preparedness and the challenges of predicting earthquakes accurately.
acute abdomen (1).pptx
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
head injury
Head injuries can be primary, resulting from direct impact, or secondary, resulting from decreased blood flow to the brain. Common causes include road accidents, falls, assaults, and sports or workplace injuries. Injuries can be blunt force or penetrating. Symptoms may include decreased consciousness, headache, vomiting, seizures, and changes to vital signs or pupil response. Injuries are classified by mechanism and severity, and include concussions, contusions, hemorrhages, and diffuse axonal injuries. Treatment involves stabilizing the airway, controlling bleeding, monitoring vitals and neurological status, administering medications to reduce swelling and lower pressure, and surgical intervention if needed.
Blood Transfusion Reactions
Transfusion reactions can occur during or after a blood transfusion and include febrile nonhemolytic reactions, allergic reactions, anaphylactic reactions, acute hemolytic reactions, transfusion-related lung injury, circulatory overload, sepsis, and delayed reactions. It is important to properly screen and type donor and recipient blood, closely monitor during transfusions, and understand the signs and symptoms of different reactions to provide prompt treatment. Preventing errors, using leukoreduced blood products, and following standard operating procedures can reduce the risk of complications.
whole bowel irrigation
Whole bowel irrigation is a medical process that rapidly administers large volumes of an electrolyte solution orally or through a nasogastric tube to flush out the entire gastrointestinal tract. It is used to prepare for diagnostic exams or surgery, relieve inflammation, stimulate bowel movements, supply fluids and medications locally, and clean or treat conditions of the colon. The procedure involves lubricating and inserting a rectal tube to pour 200-300mL of solution at a time, allowing it to drain out before repeating until the output is clear. Precautions are taken to ensure patient comfort and avoid complications like nausea, vomiting, or abdominal cramps.
More from ManjuNath912460 (7)
Recently uploaded
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
Treat the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn and stomach reflux with the 10 Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest VersionREGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Recently uploaded (20)
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
Activated_Charcoal
- 2. Activated charcoal itself is a fine, black powder that is odorless, tasteless, and nontoxic. It works by binding (adsorbing) chemicals, thus reducing their toxicity (poisonous nature), through the GI tract. It helps prevent the poison from being absorbed from the stomach into the body.
- 4. It is most effective when given within one hour after toxin ingestion . It is the most effective decontaminant. Bind substances excreted in the bile, interrupting enterohepatic circulation. The benefits are capable to decontaminate the gut without requiring invasive procedures, its rapid administration and its proven safety in both adults and children.
- 5. Mnemonic: These People Drink Charcoal Quickly Theophylline Phenobarbital Dapsone Carbamazepine Quinine Others: OPC poisoning, Multi drug overdose.
- 6. Activated charcoal is given through mouth or nasogastric tube, in an activated charcoal drug dose of 10:1 or Dose 1 - 2 gm/kg 1-12 yrs -25-50 gm Older than 12 yrs- 25-100 gm Sorbitol and magnesium citrate are the most commonly used cathartics. But they are no longer recommended in poisonings.
- 7. The substance that does not adsorbed by activated charcoal . Mnemonic:CHARCOAL C-Caustics and corrosives H-Heavy metals A-Alcohol and glycols R-Rapidly absorbed substances C-Cyanide,chlorine O-Other insoluble drugs A-Aliphatic hydrocarbons L-Laxatives
- 8. Others: Absent Bowel sound Signs of intestinal obstruction Oesophageal or gastric perforation
- 9. Constipation Diarrhoea Vomiting Pulmonary aspiration is a dreaded complication that results in pneumonitis obstruction in the respiratory tract barotrauma acute lung injury Even in intubated patients ,aspiration pneumonia have occurred with instillation of activated charcoal.
- 10. Ingestion of large doses. Purposes: Prevent continued absorption of a drug that may still present in GI tract. Increase serum clearance of a drug. After an initial dose of 50–100 g to an adult, activated charcoal should be administered at a rate of not less than 12.5 g/h or equivalent. Lower doses (10–25 g) of activated charcoal may be employed in children less than 5 years of age as usually they have ingested smaller overdoses and their gut lumen capacity is smaller
- 11. The Universal Antidote is a mixture that contains activated charcoal, magnesium oxide, and tannic acid. All three components neutralize the actions of many poisons.