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Action Research
- 1. Farhan Ali MS(CS), BS(CS),PGD B.Ed, M.Ed, Lecturer, Research Supervisor, Resource Person Govt. Ghazali Degree College Jhang
- 2. • Action researchis a process of systematic reflection, enquiry and action carried out by individuals about their own practice. • Action research is a term used to describe professionals studying their own practice in order to improve it.
- 3. Action Research InEducation • Action research in education is an enquiry which is carried out in order to understand, evaluate and then to change, in order to improve some educational practices. • When applied to teaching, action research involves gathering and interpreting data to better understand an aspect of teaching and learning and applying the outcomes to improve practice.
- 4. A Brief HistoryOf Action Research • The term “action research” was used by Kurt Lewin, a social-psychologist in 1940. • According to Kurt Lewin, social conditions might be enhanced through the group processes that involve four steps- • Planning • Acting • Observing • Reflecting These steps leads to the development of action research.
- 5. Contd…. • Development ofaction research took place in three different stages- • First stage- identification of a process for addressing societal issues. • Second stage- improving practice and the need to involve practitioners. • Third stage- participatory, emancipatory, or community research in which groups assumed responsibility for their own emancipation and change.
- 6. Types Of ActionResearch Design • Practical Action Research- enhances the practice of education through the systematic study of a local problem. Examples of Practical Action Research • An elementary teacher studies the disruptive behavior of a child in his/her classroom. • A college instructor studies his professional development using technology in teaching.
- 7. Contd… • Participatory ActionResearch- • collaborative and community based research • contributes to emancipation or change. • addresses the social problems that constrain and repress the lives of students and educators. Examples: Curricula that deny students enrolment. Assessments that serve to confirm student failure rather than learning. K-12 classroom interactions that silence and quiet the voices of certain students. Inequitable distribution of college faculty salaries that favour men over women.
- 8. Key Characteristics OfAction Research • Addresses Practical Issues • Self-reflective Research • Collaborative Research • Based on Plan of Action • Sharing of Reports
- 9. Steps In ActionResearch • Identification of a problem- problem to be studied is identified. • Locating Resources- to determine what others have learned about solving a particular problem. • Data Collection- through experiencing, enquiring and examining.
- 10. ACTION RESEARCH DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES Experiencin g •Participant observation • Privileged, active observer • Passive observer Enquiring •Informal Interview •Structured Formal Interview •Questionnaires •Attitude Tests •Standardized Tests Examining • Archival Documents • Journals • Maps •Audio and Video Tapes •Artifacts
- 11. Contd… • Data Analysis-data can be analyzed by the researcher or the help of other educators or data analysts can be sought. • Developing a plan for Action- • Presenting the data to important stakeholders. • Establishing a pilot program • Implementing an ongoing research agenda to explore new practices.
- 12. Contd… • Implementation ofPlan- to monitor the impact of the proposed solution. • Reflection- to know what is learned or gained from implementation of plan. • Sharing of Reports- report is shared with educators that can immediately use the results.