The document discusses the neutralization reaction between acids and bases to form salts and water. Specifically, it provides examples of common acids and bases reacting to produce table salt, calcium nitrate, and potassium sulfate. It also gives the steps to produce table salt in the laboratory through neutralizing hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide, resulting in sodium chloride crystals and water after evaporating the solution.

1. Acids and alkalis
Targets
To make a salt by neutralisation
Tuesday, February 7, 2017

2. Examples
Alkali Acid Salt Water
Sodium
hydroxide
Hydrochloric
acid
Sodium
chloride
Water
Calcium
hydroxide
Nitric acid Calcium
nitrate
Water
Potassium
hydroxide
Sulphuric
acid
Potassium
sulphate
Water

3. Neutralisation
When an acid is
added to an alkali a
salt and water are
formed.
Equation –
Acid + Alkali = Salt +
Water

4. Making table salt
Step 1 – pour about
25ml of hydrochloric
acid into a small
beaker.
Step 2 - Add a few
drops of universal
indicator. Acid

5. Making table salt
Step 3 – Add dilute
sodium hydroxide
slowly until the
solution is green.
Step 4 – Pour the
green solution into
an evaporating dish.

6. Making table salt
Step 5 – Heat the
solution by placing
the evaporating dish
on a tripod.
Step 6 - Stop
heating when most
of the water has
evaporated. You will
see the table salt

7. Naming salts
The reaction
between an alkali
and an acid always
makes a salt.
Name the metal
from the alkali first
then the name from
the acid.
Acid names in salts.
Hydrochloric acid
makes chloride salts
Sulphuric acid make
sulphate salts
Nitric acid makes
nitrate salts.