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This document summarizes a study on the effects of fescue toxicosis induced heat stress on fetal programming. The study compares pregnant cows grazing on either Kentucky-31 tall fescue, which is infected with a fungus that produces toxic ergot alkaloids, or a novel endophyte-infected fescue called Jesup Max Q. Preliminary results after the first time point show cows on Jesup Max Q had higher average daily weight gain and lower respiration rates compared to those on Kentucky-31. The full study aims to determine if grazing on the toxic fescue affects calf birth weights and performance through fetal programming effects.
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The document summarizes an invitation and agenda for the Atlanta Summit on Global Health in Latin America and the Caribbean held on June 1, 2015. The summit, organized by CARE, the World Affairs Council of Atlanta, and the Center for Strategic and International Studies, brought together experts and leaders to discuss health issues affecting Latin America and the Caribbean, including access to healthcare, chronic diseases, drug policy reform, and partnerships to improve public health. The all-day event included panel discussions on these topics with leaders from government, non-profits, and private organizations.
Article 2 ijaet volii issue iii july sept 2011
1) Cast scandium added aluminum-magnesium alloy was friction stir welded and its tensile properties were examined.
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3) Tensile testing showed that the global joint fractured in the base material and had slightly higher strength than the base metal, indicating that friction stir welding is suitable for joining this alloy.
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SUB ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY
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New microsoft office word document
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Works Cited
Verbrugghe, Adronie, et al. "The Glucose and Insulin Response to Isoenergetic Reduction of Dietary Energy Sources in a True Carnivore: The Domestic Cat (Felis Catus)."
The British journal of nutrition
104.2 (2010): 214-21.
ProQuest.
Web. 24 Sep. 2014.
The glucose and insulin response to isoenergetic reduction of dietary energy
sources in a true carnivore: the domestic cat (
Felis catus
)
Adronie Verbrugghe
1
*, Myriam Hesta
1
, Stephanie Van Weyenberg
1
, Georgios A. Papadopoulos
1
,
Kris Gommeren
2
, Sylvie Daminet
2
, Tim Bosmans
2
, Ingeborgh Polis
2
, Johan Buyse
3
and Geert P. J. Janssens
1
1
Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
2
Department of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke,
Belgium
3
Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, Immunology and Genetics of Domestic Animals, Department of Biosystems, K.U. Leuven,
Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
(Received 11 August 2009 – Revised 12 January 2010 – Accepted 13 January 2010 – First published online 2 March 2010)
The present study assessed the effect of separate reduction of each energy-delivering nutrient – protein, fat and carbohydrate – on glucose
tolerance and insulin response in a strict carnivore: the domestic cat (
Felis catus
). Three isoenergetic, home-made diets with the following
energetic distribution, low protein (LP): protein 28% of metabolisable energy; fat 43 %; nitrogen-free extract 29 %; low fat: 47, 27 and 25 %;
low carbohydrate (LC): 45, 48 and 7%, were tested in a 3
£
3 Latin square design. Nine healthy normal-weight cats were randomly assigned
to each of the diets in a random order at intervals of 3 weeks. At the end of each testing period, intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed.
Plasma glucose concentrations and area under the glucose curve showed no differences. Area under the insulin curve was lower when cats were fed
the LP diet, and the second insulin peak tended to be delayed when the LC diet was fed. In contrast to other studies, in which energy.
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ACES Office of Research Int. presentation
- 1. Effects of Fescue Toxicosis Induced Heat Stress on Fetal Programming Meghana Srinivasan Advisor: Dr. Daniel W. Shike Mentor: Frank Ireland Stake Holders: Dr. Steve Cerny, Tom Saxe, and Terry Mefford
- 2. Introduction • Tall fescue: common grass used for livestock grazing found on 35 mil acres in the US • Endophyte: fungus that lives between cells walls in grass • Types: – Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue: Kentucky-31 • Drought resistant, sturdy against bugs • Toxic ergot alkaloids cause fescue toxicosis and decreased performance – Endophyte free: Jesup • Not as sturdy • Increased health and performance – Novel Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue: Jesup Max Q • Persistent as KY-31 • Comparable performance to endophyte free http://forages.oregonstate.edu/tal lfescuemonograph/seed_trade/n ovel_endophytes
- 3. Hypothesis • Summer Experimental Hypothesis: – We hypothesis that cows grazing on KY-31 will show decreased performance compared to cows grazed on the novel endophyte- infected fescue (Jesup Max Q). • Fetal Programming Hypothesis: – We hypothesize that cows grazed on KY-31 will calve earlier, have calves with decreased birth weights, and have decreased immunoglobulin concentrations in their milk compared to cows grazed on novel endophyte-infected tall fescue.
- 4. Objectives • The objective of this summer’s study is to observe and evaluate how grazing on novel endophyte-infected fescue vs. infected fescue will affect the pregnant cows. • The overall objective of this study is to evaluate how the heat stress brought on by fescue toxicosis will effect fetal development.
- 5. Experimental Method • 8 groups of ten cows assigned to two treatment groups • 4 groups will graze Jesup Max Q, a novel endophyte- infected fescue (NE) for the entire summer • 4 groups will graze Kentucky-31 (KY-31), an endophyte- infected the entire summer • Each group will rotate pastures within their treatment every ten days • Data will be collected at three assigned time points during trial period
- 6. Timeline for Tests Time Point On Study 1 Expected calving 2 Date 5/28, 5/29 6/3 7/28,7/2 9 8/4-7 9/21 10/1, 10/2 10/6-9 Day 0,1 6 61, 62 68-72 87 97,98 102-105 Tests BCS, HCS, Bleed, BW(2) RR BCS, HCS, Bleed, BW(2) RR BCS, HCS, Bleed, BW(2) RR • Body Condition Score: Ranges 1-9 (very thin-obese) • Hair Coat Score: Ranges 1-5 (very fine sleek hair-rough, curly hair) • BW (2): Body Weight taken over a 2-day period • RR: Respiration Rate • Time Point 3 scheduled for after calving
- 7. Results Average Body Weight (lbs.) KY-31 (E+) Jesup Max Q (NE) On study (5/28/14) 1307 1281 Time Point 1 (7/29/14) 1442 1453 Change 135 173 Average Daily Gain 2.2 2.8 Average Hair Coat Scores KY-31 (E+) Jesup Max Q (NE) On study (5/28/14) 2.3 2.0 Time Point 1 (7/29/14) 1.3 1.1 Change -1.0 -0.9
- 8. Results (cont.) Average Body Condition Scores KY-31 (E+) Jesup Max Q (NE) On study (5/28/14) 5.4 5.8 Time Point 1 (7/29/14) 5.9 6.2 Change +0.5 +0.4 Average Respiration Rates (breaths per min) KY-31 (E+) Jesup Max Q (NE) On study (5/28/14) 46.0 43.8 Time Point (8/5/14) 48.2 43.3 Change +2.2 -0.5
- 9. Results (cont.) • Cows grazing NE had an increased body weight gain compared to cows grazing E+ • 173 vs. 135 lbs. • Overall cows exhibited similar HCS and BCS changes between treatments • Respiration rates for E+ group did increase • Study is still in progress, further data must be collected from the last time point • Significance of data is still unknown.
- 10. Still to be done… • All data for Time Point 3 • Analyze all blood samples for serum prolactin concentrations at the end of the study best indication of heat stress • Collect birth weights and data on health and performance of calves • Statistical analysis of data
- 11. Outcomes • Overall preliminary results for each of the groups show noticeable differences in average daily gain • Cows on Jesup Max Q had a 21% increase in ADG vs. KY-31
- 12. (contd.) • If calves born from cows grazing KY-31 are found to have lower birth weights and performance, this would mean that the ergot alkaloids produced by endophyte-infected tall fescue do have a detrimental effect on fetal development. • The results of this experiment could help answer the question of whether or not the consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue had a detrimental effect on the performance of calves
- 13. Expected Deliverables • 10-pg. Research paper • Research poster • Presentations at: – Explore ACES – Undergraduate Research Symposium, or – American Society of Animal Science Midwestern Meeting
- 14. Thank you!