Life extension by dietary restriction is not adaptive reallocation
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I presented this poster at the Indiana University Department of Biology 2018 Microbiology Retreat on 2018/09/15 in Nashville Indiana.
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1. The study investigated whether caloric restriction (CR) or resveratrol supplementation could maintain anti-tumor immune responses mediated by an OX40 agonist immunotherapy during aging.
2. Mice were placed on a CR diet or resveratrol-supplemented diet starting at 4-6 months of age and remained on the diet until 12 months of age.
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To learn more visit: https://insidescientific.com/webinar/we-are-more-than-what-we-eat-dietary-interventions-depend-on-sex-and-genetic-background/
Despite evidence that sex and genetic background are key factors in the response to diet, most studies of how diet regulates metabolic health and even longevity in mice examine only a single strain and sex.
Using multiple strains and both male and female mice, Dr Lamming's team has found that improvements in metabolic health and in longevity in response to reduced levels of protein or specific amino acids strongly depend on sex and strain. While some phenotypes were conserved across strains and sexes, including increased glucose tolerance and energy expenditure, they observed high variability in adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and circulating hormones. Using a multi-omics approach, they identified mega-clusters of differentially expressed hepatic genes, metabolites, and lipids associated with each phenotype, gaining new insight into role of the energy balance hormone FG21 in the response to protein restriction.
2013 Bazzell, et al dietary composition regulates Drosophila mobility and car...
2013 Bazzell, et al dietary composition regulates Drosophila mobility and car...Brian Bazzell, PharmD
The document examines the impact of varying dietary composition on physiological indices related to endurance exercise capacity in Drosophila melanogaster flies. Two genetic backgrounds of flies were fed one of 10 experimental diets that manipulated the ratios and amounts of sucrose and yeast provided. Flies fed balanced low-calorie diets generally showed improved endurance, climbing speed, and cardiac performance compared to those fed high-calorie diets. Within unbalanced diets, flies consuming diets higher in sugar relative to yeast demonstrated greater endurance but impaired cardiac function. The effects of diet composition were found to be reversible within 48 hours if flies switched diets.From Nutrigenomics to Systems Nutrition - The role of nutrition in metabolic...
From Nutrigenomics to Systems Nutrition - The role of nutrition in metabolic...Norwich Research Park
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2) A healthy gut microbiome is essential for overall health, and nutrition plays a key role in shaping the microbiome.
3) While no single "superfood" exists, eating a variety of plants foods along with minimizing highly processed foods can help maintain a flexible system and optimal health.Saltarse el desayuno dm2
This study examined the effects of 6 consecutive days of breakfast skipping on energy metabolism and blood glucose levels in 10 healthy young Japanese males. The results showed that repeated breakfast skipping slightly increased blood glucose levels and fluctuations when subjects engaged in sedentary behavior. However, 6 days of breakfast skipping did not significantly affect 24-hour energy expenditure or substrate oxidation. Sedentary lifestyle combined with repeated breakfast skipping may cause abnormal glucose fluctuations.
AMPK and Learning Poster
Activation of AMPK Improves Cognitive Function in C. elegans
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Dr. Tom Burkey - Host-Microbe Interactions: Effects on nutrition and physiology
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More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-leman-swine-conference-material
PPT Jurnal 6.pptx
This study evaluated the effects of adequate protein intake through dietary counseling or protein supplementation on sarcopenic older adults. 56 sarcopenic participants were provided either dietary counseling to encourage protein intake of 1.2-1.5 g/kg body weight per day or an isocaloric protein supplement containing whey protein, leucine and vitamin D. Both groups experienced increases in muscle mass and strength after 12 weeks. However, the supplement group achieved higher protein intake and saw greater improvements in walking speed for those under age 75. The study suggests protein supplementation is a convenient way for sarcopenic older adults to meet protein requirements and may provide additional benefits for physical performance in younger older groups.
Length of roux
This document discusses how the length of the Roux limb in gastric bypass surgery may impact outcomes. It notes that while longer Roux limbs between 150-200 cm do not significantly impact weight loss, even more distal bypass with Roux limbs of only 50-75 cm from the ileocecal valve can cause greater weight loss but also increases risks of nutritional deficiencies. The document reviews evidence from studies comparing standard to longer or more distal Roux limb lengths and their effects on weight loss and complications.
Annotated Bibliography
The document discusses the difficulty in equating changes in mass and energy in humans based on net calorie balance alone. It reviews several studies that demonstrate humans do not always lose or gain exact amounts of fat based on calculations of net calorie intake. The studies showed on average only about 70% of an excess or deficit in calories was reflected as changes in body weight or fat mass. The studies implicate genetic and other individual factors that can influence fat balance beyond simply net calories. The document concludes that more factors beyond just calorie balance must affect human fat storage and loss.
Eat Less Live Longer
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One Size Fits One - NSCA NATPT
A discussion of the individual variability of the human body with respect to health, fitness and nutrition.
All posters 2015-2016 Period 5
This study aims to examine the extent to which important individuals like parents, teachers and coaches from a student's childhood and teenage years influence their self-assessment of skills at the University of Maastricht. The researcher hypothesizes that students who experienced encouraging relationships will show realistic or overestimating self-assessments, while those experiencing unencouraging relationships will lack self-confidence. A sample of 90 3rd year UCM students will complete a questionnaire on self-assessed memory, physical and motor skills, and then perform tasks to detect over or underestimation. Follow-up questions will explore how important individuals evaluated the student's performance to understand influence on self-concept and self-efficacy. The study
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The document discusses nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. It begins with important terms related to omics fields like genomics, nutrigenomics, and epigenetics. It then provides a basic understanding of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics, including how genetic diversity and environmental factors affect nutrient metabolism and health outcomes. The goals of nutrigenomics are discussed, including customizing nutrition based on an individual's genetics. Experimental approaches like genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics are used to study these fields. Examples are provided on how nutrigenomics has clarified roles of specific dietary factors and potential applications in disease prevention.
04 May 2015Page 1 of 28ProQuestIntegrating Fundamental Conce.docx
04 May 2015
Page 1 of 28
ProQuest
Integrating Fundamental Concepts of Obesity and Eating Disorders: Implications for the Obesity Epidemic
Author: Macpherson-Sánchez, Ann E, EdD, MNS
ProQuest document link
Abstract: Physiological mechanisms promote weight gain after famine. Because eating disorders, obesity, and dieting limit food intake, they are famine-like experiences. The development of the concept of meeting an ideal weight was the beginning of increasing obesity. Weight stigma, the perception of being fat, lack of understanding of normal growth and development, and increased concern about obesity on the part of health providers, parents, and caregivers have reinforced each other to promote dieting. Because weight suppression and disinhibition provoke long-term weight increase, dieting is a major factor producing the obesity epidemic. The integrated eating disorder-obesity theory included in this article emphasizes that, contrary to dieters, lifetime weight maintainers depend on physiological processes to control weight and experience minimal weight change.
Links: Linking Service
Full text: Headnote
Physiological mechanisms promote weight gain after famine. Because eating disorders, obesity, and dieting limit food intake, they are famine-like experiences. The development of the concept of meeting an ideal weight was the beginning of increasing obesity. Weight stigma, the perception of being fat, lack of understanding of normal growth and development, and increased concern about obesity on the part of health providers, parents, and caregivers have reinforced each other to promote dieting. Because weight suppression and disinhibition provoke long-term weight increase, dieting is a major factor producing the obesity epidemic. The integrated eating disorder-obesity theory included in this article emphasizes that, contrary to dieters, lifetime weight maintainers depend on physiological processes to control weight and experience minimal weight change. (Am J Public Health. 2015;105:e71-e85. doi:10. 2105/AJPH.2014.302507)
Since 1960, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has done periodic surveys of representative samples of the US population, which include measured heights and weights.1 From the 1960 to 1962 to the 1976 to 1980 measurement periods, there was little change in population weight. However, the next survey (1988-1994) showed increases in body mass index (BMI; defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters [kg/m2]) that were unanticipated and inexplicable.2 Most of the increase occurred in those with BMI of 30 or greater.3 In 2006, a prominent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention researcher expressed frustration with her incapacity to explain why this happened.2
Losing weight and recuperating from that weight loss is part of the biological heritage of every human being.4-6 However, in the past 70 years, self-induced famine (dieting to achieve and maintain a lower weight)7 became the socie ...
Integrated Cancer Prevention
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- Evidence from studies on nutrition, exercise, stress management, and social support suggest that adopting a healthy lifestyle may reduce cancer risk and slow cancer progression. The Prostate Cancer Lifestyle Trial found significant benefits of lifestyle changes for men with early-stage prostate cancer.
Nutritional assessment in chronic liver disease
Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is highly prevalent among patients with chronic liver disease. One of the problems is how to assess these patients nutritionally. yet no standard golden rule for their nutritional assessment.
Similar to Life extension by dietary restriction is not adaptive reallocation (20)
RESVERATROL DERIVATIVES WITH INCREASED BIOAVAILABILITY
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We Are More Than What We Eat Dietary Interventions Depend on Sex and Genetic ...
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2013 Bazzell, et al dietary composition regulates Drosophila mobility and car...
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From Nutrigenomics to Systems Nutrition - The role of nutrition in metabolic...
From Nutrigenomics to Systems Nutrition - The role of nutrition in metabolic...
Dr. Tom Burkey - Host-Microbe Interactions: Effects on nutrition and physiology
Dr. Tom Burkey - Host-Microbe Interactions: Effects on nutrition and physiology
04 May 2015Page 1 of 28ProQuestIntegrating Fundamental Conce.docx
04 May 2015Page 1 of 28ProQuestIntegrating Fundamental Conce.docx
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Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
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Life extension by dietary restriction is not adaptive reallocation
- 1. • Dietary restriction (DR) extends longevity • Adaptive reallocation hypothesis inter- prets DR effect as an adaptation enabling later reproduction in favorable conditions • We evolved Saccharomyces cerevisiae on DR for 1800 generations • Multi-generational DR should select for increased allocation to reproduction and decreased allocation to longevity • Reproductive fitness should increase more during long-term adaptation to DR than to control conditions Life extension by dietary restriction is not adaptive reallocation Roy Z Moger-Reischer, Elizabeth V Snider, Kelsey L McKenzie, Jay T Lennon Department of Biology, Evolution, Ecology, & Behavior Program Indiana University ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABSTRACT RESULTS & DISCUSSION Figure 1: The adaptive reallocation hypothesis. Figure 3: We assayed relative fitness using flow cytometry. YPD-evolved lines evolved higher relative fitness compared to DR- evolved lines, when measured on either the respective focal diet or alternate diet. Survivorship Time (days) A B C Figure 4: DR-evolved lines achieved higher asymptote OD 600 than YPD- evolved lines. This suggests natural selection acted to increase metabolic efficiency during evolution on long-term DR. We owe a debt of gratitude to the Lacefield lab for assistance with yeast methods. We thank Danni Boylan and Derek Hocker for assistance in the laboratory. Advice on experimental de- sign from Jake McKinlay and Farrah Bashey-Visser was sincerely appreciated. None of our findings support the adaptive reallocation hypothesis. However, they are consistent with the cellular efficiency hypothesis, which interprets the effect of DR on longevity as a side effect of selection for increased cellular efficiency during famines. Aging, or senescence, is one of the biggest puzzles in evolutionary biology. Traditional life history-based theories for the evolution of senescence predicts that fecundity-longevity tradeoffs constrain the evolution of longevity. We tested whether long-term evolution under dietary restriction, a condition that slows senescence, selects for increased allocation to repro- duction and decreased allocation to longevity, as predicted by life-history theory. Evolved patterns contradicted the expectations of life-history theory. Our findings were more consistent with a model in which the life-extending effect of dietary restriction is a byproduct of selection for cellular efficiency. Figure 2: We measured survivorship of evolved lines in synthetic complete medium. Neither evolution treatment caused changes to survivorship assayed on DR (A,C). Life expectancy was shorter for YPD-evolved lines on assayed control media (B,C). BACKGROUND