1) The document discusses acceleration of points on a moving plate or polygon. It defines absolute and relative acceleration and shows that the acceleration of point B on the plate is equal to the acceleration of reference point A plus components from the rotation of the plate.
2) Formulas are provided for the tangential and normal components of relative acceleration due to rotation, and for calculating the acceleration of point B on a rotating polygon.
3) As an example, the acceleration of a connecting rod joint in a rotating mechanism is calculated using the angular velocity and acceleration of the rotating parts.
Teniendo en cuenta la siguiente imagen calcule:
a. Centroide y Momento de Inericia.
b. Diagrama de Fuerza Cortante y Momento Flector.
c. Esfuerzo máximo y radio de curvatura
d. Cambiar la viga por una Viga W que cumpla con las especificaciones, sabiendo que el esfuerzo de fluencia es de 250MPa y el Factor de seguridad es F=2
Teniendo en cuenta la siguiente imagen calcule:
a. Centroide y Momento de Inericia.
b. Diagrama de Fuerza Cortante y Momento Flector.
c. Esfuerzo máximo y radio de curvatura
d. Cambiar la viga por una Viga W que cumpla con las especificaciones, sabiendo que el esfuerzo de fluencia es de 250MPa y el Factor de seguridad es F=2
Un collarín de 3 kg puede deslizarse sin fricción sobre una varilla vertical y descansa en equilibrio sobre un resorte. Se empuja hacia abajo, comprimiendo el resorte 150 mm y se suelta. Si se sabe que la constante del resorte es k=2,6 kN⁄m, determine:
La atura máxima h que alcanza el collarín sobre su posición de equilibrio.
La rapidez máxima del collarín.
Un collarín de 3 kg puede deslizarse sin fricción sobre una varilla vertical y descansa en equilibrio sobre un resorte. Se empuja hacia abajo, comprimiendo el resorte 150 mm y se suelta. Si se sabe que la constante del resorte es k=2,6 kN⁄m, determine:
La atura máxima h que alcanza el collarín sobre su posición de equilibrio.
La rapidez máxima del collarín.
This Power Point Presentation includes Automatic Generation control :
Learning Objective: To illustrate the automatic frequency and voltage control strategies for single and two
area case and analyze the effects, knowing the necessity of generation control.
Learning Outcome:Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to Analyze the generation-load balance in real time operation and its effect on frequency and
develop automatic control strategies with mathematical relations.
Concept of AGC, complete block diagram representation of load-frequency control of an
isolated power system, steady state and dynamic response,
There are a number of ways the fadal parts can be installed, use the following instructions fadal parts user manual as a guide. Fadal has no control over the applications the operator may use the CNC for and is not responsible for injuries or equipment damage. Read the instruction manual thoroughly and make sure the contents completel understand in order to operate a machine efficiently and safely. Reach out us 1-800-342-3475
https://itscnc.com/fadal-manuals
For precision rotary axis installations, our guidance draws from the Fadal Rotary Axes User Manual. Discover numerous techniques for seamless setup. Follow our detailed instructions for optimal results. Should you need assistance, don't hesitate to contact us at 1-800-342-3475. Elevate your rotary axis experience with our expert insights.
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Error numbers help discern the location of the problem the axis or spindle is reporting. Download fadal error code quick reference manual from www.itscnc.com
With our documentation we also include preventative maintenance tips to help avoid future failures.
Unapproved accessories increase the risk of injury. Fadal has no control over the applications the operator may use the CNC for and is not responsible for injuries or equipment damage. Read the instruction manual thoroughly and make sure the contents are completely understood in order to operate a machine efficiently and safely.
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A traverse is a series of connected lines whose lengths and directions are to be measured and the process of surveying to find such measurements is known as traversing. In general, chains are used to measure length and compass or theodolite are used to measure the direction of traverse lines.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
1. ACELERACIÓN ABSOLUTA Y
RELATIVA EN EL MOVIMIENTO
PLANO
Francisco Javier Parada Moreno 201910611
Fredy Germán Niño Diaz 201911039
Daniel Santiago Preciado Pedraza 201911071
2. SECCIÓN 15.5
Cualquier movimiento plano puede
sustituirse por una traslación definida
por el movimiento de un punto de
referencia arbitrario A y una rotación
simultánea alrededor de A.
SECCIÓN 15.6
Determinamos la velocidad de los
diferentes puntos de la placa en
movimiento.
𝑉𝐵 = 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑉𝐵 𝐴
Utilizaremos esta propiedad para para determinar la aceleración de los
puntos de la placa.
3. a𝐵 = a𝐴 + a𝐵 𝐴
Partimos de la aceleración absoluta de una partícula de
la placa, obtenida en la sección 11.12.
a𝐴 = Traslación de la
placa con A.
a𝐵 𝐴 = Rotación de la
placa en torno a A.
Componentes a𝐵 𝐴
a𝐵 𝐴 𝑡
= 𝛼𝐤 × r𝐵 𝐴 → a𝐵 𝐴 𝑡
= 𝑟𝛼
a𝐵 𝐴 𝑛
= −𝜔2
r𝐵 𝐴 → a𝐵 𝐴 𝑡
= 𝑟𝜔2
r𝐵 𝐴 Vector posición de B relativo a A.
𝜔𝐤 Velocidad angular
𝛼𝐤 Aceleración angular }
Eje de
orientación
fijo
Sustituyendo las componentes de a𝐵 𝐴
en nuestra ecuación de aceleración
obtenemos:
a𝐵 = a𝐴 + 𝛼𝐤 × r𝐵 𝐴 − 𝜔2
r𝐵 𝐴
5. La aceleración absoluta de B, en este caso se expresaría de la siguiente
manera:
𝑎𝐵 = 𝑎𝐴 + 𝑎𝐵
𝐴
Y tendría sus componente tangencial y normal:
𝑎𝐵 = 𝑎𝐴 + (𝑎𝐵
𝐴
)𝑛+(𝑎𝐵
𝐴
)𝑡
6.
7. En el caso de un polígono a, por
ejemplo, se escribe:
+ Componentes x:
0
= 𝑎𝐴 + 𝑙𝑤2
∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃 − 𝑙𝛼 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
+ Componentes en y:
−𝑎𝐵 = −𝑙𝑤2
cos 𝜃 − 𝑙𝛼 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃
9. La manivela AB del mecanismo del problema tiene una velocidad angular constante en el sentido de las manecillas
del reloj de 2 000 rpm. Para la posición que se muestra de la manivela, determine la aceleración angular de la biela
BD y la aceleración del punto D.
𝜔𝐴𝐵 = 2000 𝑟𝑝𝑚
= 2000
𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑚𝑖𝑛
∙
1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
60 𝑠
∙
2𝜋𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑟𝑒𝑣
= 209.4 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
13. Al advertir que la aceleración aD debe ser horizontal, se escribe
14.
15. • El varillaje ABDE se mueve en el plano vertical. Si se sabe que en la
posición mostrada la manivela AB tiene una velocidad angular
constante 𝜔1 de 20 rad/s en el sentido contrario al de las manecillas
del reloj, determine las velocidades angulares y las aceleraciones
angulares de la barra acopladora BD y de la manivela DE.
16. Este problema podría resolverse mediante el método que se utilizó en el
problema anterior. En este caso, sin embargo, se usará el método
vectorial. Los vectores de posición 𝒓𝐵, 𝒓𝐷 y 𝒓𝐷/𝐵 se eligen como se
muestra en el bosquejo.
donde k es un vector unitario
que apunta hacia fuera del
papel.
17. Para hallar las velocidades utilizamos la formula descrita en exposiciones
anteriores, además como estamos trabajando con vectores usaremos el
producto cruz entre los mismos.
18. • Aceleraciones. Al notar que en el instante considerado la manivela AB
tiene una velocidad angular constante.