ACCOUNTING RECORD KEEPING
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•132 views
This presentation covers the process of recording transactions that results in the finalization of financial statements, i.e. balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement. The first step of recording transactions chronologically in the journal, then transferring the transactions to the ledger and finally to the trial balance is covered. All transactions are recorded using double entry. The double entry system is explained along with the accounting equation. Some examples are discussed to explain the concepts.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Models of cb
Introduction to Consumer Behaviour; Consumer Behaviour
and Marketing Strategy; Consumer Involvement – Levels
of involvement, and Decision Making
Consumer Decision Process – Stages in Decision Process,
Information Search Process; Evaluative Criteria and
Decision Rules, Consumer Motivation – Types of Consumer
Needs, Ways of Motivating Consumers. Information
Processing and Consumer Perception.
Consumer Attitudes and Attitude Change; Influence of
Personality and Self Concept on Buying Behaviour,
Psychographics and Lifestyles, Impuse Buying.
Diffusion of Innovation and Opinion Leadership, Family
Decision Making, Influence of Reference Group
Industrial Buying Behaviour– Process and factors, Models
of Consumer Behaviour – Harward Seth, Nicosia, E& D,
Economic Model; Introduction to Consumer Behaviour
Audit; Consumer Behaviour Studies in India
NATURE AND SCOPE OF MARKETING
The document provides an overview of the nature and scope of marketing. It defines marketing according to various authorities and outlines its core concepts. Marketing is defined as the process of creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and managing customer relationships. The key elements of the marketing environment, including the internal, micro, and macro environments are described. The document also discusses customer satisfaction, value, and Michael Porter's value chain model.
Digital Marketing Strategic Framework
A systematic framework for implementing a leading digital marketing planning program including lessons learned from launching several product and services in the Internet, e-commerce and mobile industries.
Learning (Organisation Behavior)
this ppt is on learning in organisation behavior.
(Learning can be defined as the permanent changes in behavior due to direct and indirect experience.)
MARKETING MANAGEMENT – DEFINITION AND CONCEPT
This document provides an overview of marketing management and key concepts in marketing. It defines marketing management as the process of planning, executing, and managing conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of goods and services to create value for customers. The document outlines several concepts in marketing including production, product, selling, marketing, societal, and holistic concepts. It provides examples to illustrate each concept and concludes with a brief discussion of the evolving nature of marketing.
Marketing vs selling
Marketing involves various activities aimed at communicating the value of a product or service to customers with the goal of selling items and earning a profit. It is a broader concept than selling and focuses on customer satisfaction, innovation, and understanding customer needs from the beginning through end of the business process. In contrast, selling is more narrowly focused on persuading customers to purchase products and prioritizes the needs of the seller over the customer.
Nature and scope of marketing
Marketing is defined as the process of exploring, creating, and delivering value to satisfy customer needs for profit. It identifies unfulfilled customer needs and desires. Marketing incorporates activities from product development to distribution and involves studying customer behavior to create and maintain relationships. It is both a science, by following principles to study markets, and an art that anticipates human needs. Marketing encompasses economic, managerial, and social functions to efficiently exchange goods and services between producers and consumers.
Buying motives
The document discusses psychological factors that influence consumer buying behavior. It identifies motivation, learning, beliefs and attitudes, socio-economic background, personality, social groups, and perception as key elements. It provides details on how needs, culture, learning processes, beliefs, attitudes, socio-economic class, personality types, social influences, and selective attention, distortion, and retention in perception impact what and how consumers choose to purchase goods and services.
Recommended
Models of cb
Introduction to Consumer Behaviour; Consumer Behaviour
and Marketing Strategy; Consumer Involvement – Levels
of involvement, and Decision Making
Consumer Decision Process – Stages in Decision Process,
Information Search Process; Evaluative Criteria and
Decision Rules, Consumer Motivation – Types of Consumer
Needs, Ways of Motivating Consumers. Information
Processing and Consumer Perception.
Consumer Attitudes and Attitude Change; Influence of
Personality and Self Concept on Buying Behaviour,
Psychographics and Lifestyles, Impuse Buying.
Diffusion of Innovation and Opinion Leadership, Family
Decision Making, Influence of Reference Group
Industrial Buying Behaviour– Process and factors, Models
of Consumer Behaviour – Harward Seth, Nicosia, E& D,
Economic Model; Introduction to Consumer Behaviour
Audit; Consumer Behaviour Studies in India
NATURE AND SCOPE OF MARKETING
The document provides an overview of the nature and scope of marketing. It defines marketing according to various authorities and outlines its core concepts. Marketing is defined as the process of creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and managing customer relationships. The key elements of the marketing environment, including the internal, micro, and macro environments are described. The document also discusses customer satisfaction, value, and Michael Porter's value chain model.
Digital Marketing Strategic Framework
A systematic framework for implementing a leading digital marketing planning program including lessons learned from launching several product and services in the Internet, e-commerce and mobile industries.
Learning (Organisation Behavior)
this ppt is on learning in organisation behavior.
(Learning can be defined as the permanent changes in behavior due to direct and indirect experience.)
MARKETING MANAGEMENT – DEFINITION AND CONCEPT
This document provides an overview of marketing management and key concepts in marketing. It defines marketing management as the process of planning, executing, and managing conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of goods and services to create value for customers. The document outlines several concepts in marketing including production, product, selling, marketing, societal, and holistic concepts. It provides examples to illustrate each concept and concludes with a brief discussion of the evolving nature of marketing.
Marketing vs selling
Marketing involves various activities aimed at communicating the value of a product or service to customers with the goal of selling items and earning a profit. It is a broader concept than selling and focuses on customer satisfaction, innovation, and understanding customer needs from the beginning through end of the business process. In contrast, selling is more narrowly focused on persuading customers to purchase products and prioritizes the needs of the seller over the customer.
Nature and scope of marketing
Marketing is defined as the process of exploring, creating, and delivering value to satisfy customer needs for profit. It identifies unfulfilled customer needs and desires. Marketing incorporates activities from product development to distribution and involves studying customer behavior to create and maintain relationships. It is both a science, by following principles to study markets, and an art that anticipates human needs. Marketing encompasses economic, managerial, and social functions to efficiently exchange goods and services between producers and consumers.
Buying motives
The document discusses psychological factors that influence consumer buying behavior. It identifies motivation, learning, beliefs and attitudes, socio-economic background, personality, social groups, and perception as key elements. It provides details on how needs, culture, learning processes, beliefs, attitudes, socio-economic class, personality types, social influences, and selective attention, distortion, and retention in perception impact what and how consumers choose to purchase goods and services.
Framework for e business-v2
The document discusses the key components needed to develop an effective framework for e-business. It outlines several building blocks, including common business services like security, authentication, encryption, and payments. It also discusses important issues around legal/regulatory concerns, technical standards, and cultural factors. The core of an e-business framework involves layers for common services, messaging/information distribution, content development/publishing, and deployment infrastructure to support key activities such as advertising, ordering, billing, and customer service. Developing a strong framework is important for companies to succeed in the evolving digital marketplace.
Managerial Economics: Meaning, scope and methods of Managerial Economics
Managerial Economics: Meaning, scope and methods of Managerial Economics We Learn - A Continuous Learning Forum from Welingkar's Distance Learning Program.
Managerial Economics and its basic aspects are discussed in this Slideshare. Managerial Economics is the application of Economic Theory to managerial practice – here you will be introduced to its other aspects as well as how it helps in the growth and target achievement of an organization.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This Slideshare is the sole Property of the Welingkar School of Distance Learning – Reproduction of this material , without prior consent, either wholly or partially will be treated as a violation of copyright.
Maslow and herzberg theories of motivation
Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs before moving on to more advanced needs for safety, social interaction, esteem, and self-actualization. Herzberg's two-factor theory suggests that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are independent, with motivators like achievement and responsibility increasing satisfaction, while hygiene factors like salary and work conditions prevent dissatisfaction if present. Both theories provide frameworks for understanding human motivation and have implications for management practices to motivate employees.
Important marketing Functions
To achieve success in marketing, effort must be made to have glimpse of the big picture and the activities that must be performed to achieve the set marketing objectives. These set of activities are called marketing functions
Introduction to marketing research
1. The document introduces marketing research and outlines its key concepts, functions, features, importance, scope and process.
2. Marketing research involves gathering and analyzing data to help companies make better decisions regarding products, pricing, distribution and promotion.
3. The marketing research process involves defining the problem, designing the research, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings to aid decision making. The goal is to provide accurate information to reduce risks and improve business performance.
Marketing - nature / scope / concept
Marketing involves studying customer wants and needs, creating products to meet those needs, and delivering products at the right price. It is the process of planning, pricing, promoting, and distributing goods and services to create value for both customers and organizations. Marketing identifies unfulfilled customer desires and works to satisfy them through the delivery of products and services at a profit.
Value chain
This document discusses the value chain model for e-business. It begins by defining a business model and value chain. A value chain describes the activities a firm performs to deliver a product or service to customers. Michael Porter popularized the concept of a value chain in his 1985 book Competitive Advantage. For e-business, the value chain shows how a company utilizes internet technologies across its business processes to create and deliver value to customers. It must organize its structure and functions according to its offerings. The value chain helps management focus on optimizing efficiency across the entire business.
Buyer Behaviour
Behavior can be defined as the acts of individuals in making decisions to spend resources on goods and services. Understanding consumer behavior and what motivates customer purchases is an important part of marketing. Businesses research questions like who buys products, how and where they buy, and why, in order to understand what influences customer decisions and better meet their needs. Consumer decisions are affected by social, cultural, personal and psychological factors.
Making CRM Work. The 5 Critical Success Factors.
From our two decades of knowledge and experience, we believe there are 5 areas that are crucial in making a CRM project a success.
Over the last couple of decades, we have had the pleasure of working with customers, helping them to realise the value of their data. There to listen, understand their business needs and guide them through the challenge of turning their data into a profitable asset.
At QGate, we make CRM work. This may seem a bold statement, but it’s true. Over the years, we have experienced the highs and the lows of CRM. We’ve witnessed project failures and the all too common pitfalls that are out there. In many situations, we’ve heard customers blame their previous supplier for the failure, but this is not always true.
We're proud of the many successful CRM projects that QGate have been part of and the long standing relationships we have developed. All of these experiences have shaped who we are today and our belief that there are 5 crucial areas in making a CRM project a success.
If you have a few minutes, take a look at our introductory video which outlines what we believe are the 5 critical success factors for a CRM project.
Hopefully that has given you some food for thought. We wish you every success with your own CRM project.
http://www.qgate.co.uk/qgate-we-make-crm-work/
Introduction to Marketing Analytics
This slideshow talks about the basics of marketing analytics, its meaning, advantages and disadvantages, concept of market sizing etc
introduction to internet marketing
welcome guys. In this ppt you will find all the main points about internet marketing (defination, scope,types,process,strategy, advantages, disadvantages) check it..
Ecommerce and online publishing
it merely focuses on all the aspects of online publishing..........at last the process has been very well explained as to how to publish an e book online
Unit 1 INTRODUCTION TO CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
This chapter provides an insight to consumer buying decision making process.It provides a guidance to theories of consumer buying patterns
Characteristics of business
This document outlines 7 key characteristics of business: 1) Businesses exist to create value for customers and earn a profit. 2) Businesses produce or purchase goods and services to sell to others. 3) Successful businesses require recurring transactions, not just isolated deals. 4) All business activities involve exchanging goods and services for payment. 5) Earning profits is essential for a business's survival and growth. 6) Business involves risk as there is uncertainty around achieving profits or avoiding losses. 7) Businesses engage in economic activity like production and distribution of products and services to earn money.
Marketing Process PPT
The marketing process consists of four key elements: 1) strategic marketing analysis to define market segments, niches, and individual customers as well as product positioning; 2) marketing-mix planning covering the 4 P's of product, price, place, and promotion; 3) marketing implementation; and 4) marketing control including annual planning, profitability, efficiency, and strategic evaluations. The overall process is designed to understand customer needs and deliver satisfying products and services profitably.
Erg theory
ERG theory proposes that human motivation is driven by three core needs: existence needs related to basic material survival, relatedness needs concerning social relationships, and growth needs regarding self-improvement. These needs exist in a hierarchy that can change depending on circumstances, with existence needs becoming most important under threats to physical or economic well-being. The theory was developed by Clayton Alderfer as a simplified version of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Marketing environment
Marketing environment, classification of marketing environment- macro and micro environment, components of marketing environment, marketing intermediaries, competitors, public, factors of macro environment, social and cultural factors.
e commerce
E-commerce refers to business transactions conducted online through electronic communications and digital processing. It includes buying and selling of goods and services, as well as any business transactions where parties interact electronically rather than physically. There are several types of e-commerce including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, business-to-government, consumer-to-consumer, and mobile commerce conducted on handheld devices. Factors fueling the growth of e-commerce include reduced communication costs, widespread internet access, and the ability to reach global markets online.
Consumer motivation
This document discusses consumer motivation and the dynamics of motivation. It defines motivation as the driving force that impels individuals to action. Marketers do not create needs but make consumers aware of them. The document outlines Maslow's hierarchy of needs and a trio of needs model. It discusses how needs are aroused and never fully satisfied, leading people to continually seek new goals. Qualitative research techniques are widely used to measure underlying consumer motives.
Chapter 2 adapting marketing in the new economy
The document discusses how marketing and business practices have changed due to the rise of the digital economy and new technologies like the internet. It identifies key drivers of the new economy as digitalization/connectivity, disintermediation/reintermediation, customization/customerization, and industry convergence. It also explains how businesses have shifted from a product focus to a customer focus, from transactions to lifetime value, and from shareholders to stakeholders. Marketers now use e-business, websites, online ads, customer relationship management to build brands and retain customers in this new environment.
THE BALANCE SHEET
Helps in understanding balance sheets, the accounting concepts underlying them and the terms associated. Covers the dual aspect, going concern and entity concept. Terms explained include assets, liabilties, owners equity, fixed assets, current assets, current liabilities, long term debt, historical cost, book value, net realizable value and fair value. Also covers paid in capital, additional capital, retained earnings.
ACCOUNTING FOR FIXED ASSETS
This document discusses accounting for fixed assets. It defines fixed assets and explains capitalization and depreciation. It describes various depreciation methods including straight-line, declining balance, and sum of years methods. It also covers asset disposal and how gains or losses are calculated.
More Related Content
What's hot
Framework for e business-v2
The document discusses the key components needed to develop an effective framework for e-business. It outlines several building blocks, including common business services like security, authentication, encryption, and payments. It also discusses important issues around legal/regulatory concerns, technical standards, and cultural factors. The core of an e-business framework involves layers for common services, messaging/information distribution, content development/publishing, and deployment infrastructure to support key activities such as advertising, ordering, billing, and customer service. Developing a strong framework is important for companies to succeed in the evolving digital marketplace.
Managerial Economics: Meaning, scope and methods of Managerial Economics
Managerial Economics: Meaning, scope and methods of Managerial Economics We Learn - A Continuous Learning Forum from Welingkar's Distance Learning Program.
Managerial Economics and its basic aspects are discussed in this Slideshare. Managerial Economics is the application of Economic Theory to managerial practice – here you will be introduced to its other aspects as well as how it helps in the growth and target achievement of an organization.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This Slideshare is the sole Property of the Welingkar School of Distance Learning – Reproduction of this material , without prior consent, either wholly or partially will be treated as a violation of copyright.
Maslow and herzberg theories of motivation
Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs before moving on to more advanced needs for safety, social interaction, esteem, and self-actualization. Herzberg's two-factor theory suggests that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are independent, with motivators like achievement and responsibility increasing satisfaction, while hygiene factors like salary and work conditions prevent dissatisfaction if present. Both theories provide frameworks for understanding human motivation and have implications for management practices to motivate employees.
Important marketing Functions
To achieve success in marketing, effort must be made to have glimpse of the big picture and the activities that must be performed to achieve the set marketing objectives. These set of activities are called marketing functions
Introduction to marketing research
1. The document introduces marketing research and outlines its key concepts, functions, features, importance, scope and process.
2. Marketing research involves gathering and analyzing data to help companies make better decisions regarding products, pricing, distribution and promotion.
3. The marketing research process involves defining the problem, designing the research, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings to aid decision making. The goal is to provide accurate information to reduce risks and improve business performance.
Marketing - nature / scope / concept
Marketing involves studying customer wants and needs, creating products to meet those needs, and delivering products at the right price. It is the process of planning, pricing, promoting, and distributing goods and services to create value for both customers and organizations. Marketing identifies unfulfilled customer desires and works to satisfy them through the delivery of products and services at a profit.
Value chain
This document discusses the value chain model for e-business. It begins by defining a business model and value chain. A value chain describes the activities a firm performs to deliver a product or service to customers. Michael Porter popularized the concept of a value chain in his 1985 book Competitive Advantage. For e-business, the value chain shows how a company utilizes internet technologies across its business processes to create and deliver value to customers. It must organize its structure and functions according to its offerings. The value chain helps management focus on optimizing efficiency across the entire business.
Buyer Behaviour
Behavior can be defined as the acts of individuals in making decisions to spend resources on goods and services. Understanding consumer behavior and what motivates customer purchases is an important part of marketing. Businesses research questions like who buys products, how and where they buy, and why, in order to understand what influences customer decisions and better meet their needs. Consumer decisions are affected by social, cultural, personal and psychological factors.
Making CRM Work. The 5 Critical Success Factors.
From our two decades of knowledge and experience, we believe there are 5 areas that are crucial in making a CRM project a success.
Over the last couple of decades, we have had the pleasure of working with customers, helping them to realise the value of their data. There to listen, understand their business needs and guide them through the challenge of turning their data into a profitable asset.
At QGate, we make CRM work. This may seem a bold statement, but it’s true. Over the years, we have experienced the highs and the lows of CRM. We’ve witnessed project failures and the all too common pitfalls that are out there. In many situations, we’ve heard customers blame their previous supplier for the failure, but this is not always true.
We're proud of the many successful CRM projects that QGate have been part of and the long standing relationships we have developed. All of these experiences have shaped who we are today and our belief that there are 5 crucial areas in making a CRM project a success.
If you have a few minutes, take a look at our introductory video which outlines what we believe are the 5 critical success factors for a CRM project.
Hopefully that has given you some food for thought. We wish you every success with your own CRM project.
http://www.qgate.co.uk/qgate-we-make-crm-work/
Introduction to Marketing Analytics
This slideshow talks about the basics of marketing analytics, its meaning, advantages and disadvantages, concept of market sizing etc
introduction to internet marketing
welcome guys. In this ppt you will find all the main points about internet marketing (defination, scope,types,process,strategy, advantages, disadvantages) check it..
Ecommerce and online publishing
it merely focuses on all the aspects of online publishing..........at last the process has been very well explained as to how to publish an e book online
Unit 1 INTRODUCTION TO CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
This chapter provides an insight to consumer buying decision making process.It provides a guidance to theories of consumer buying patterns
Characteristics of business
This document outlines 7 key characteristics of business: 1) Businesses exist to create value for customers and earn a profit. 2) Businesses produce or purchase goods and services to sell to others. 3) Successful businesses require recurring transactions, not just isolated deals. 4) All business activities involve exchanging goods and services for payment. 5) Earning profits is essential for a business's survival and growth. 6) Business involves risk as there is uncertainty around achieving profits or avoiding losses. 7) Businesses engage in economic activity like production and distribution of products and services to earn money.
Marketing Process PPT
The marketing process consists of four key elements: 1) strategic marketing analysis to define market segments, niches, and individual customers as well as product positioning; 2) marketing-mix planning covering the 4 P's of product, price, place, and promotion; 3) marketing implementation; and 4) marketing control including annual planning, profitability, efficiency, and strategic evaluations. The overall process is designed to understand customer needs and deliver satisfying products and services profitably.
Erg theory
ERG theory proposes that human motivation is driven by three core needs: existence needs related to basic material survival, relatedness needs concerning social relationships, and growth needs regarding self-improvement. These needs exist in a hierarchy that can change depending on circumstances, with existence needs becoming most important under threats to physical or economic well-being. The theory was developed by Clayton Alderfer as a simplified version of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Marketing environment
Marketing environment, classification of marketing environment- macro and micro environment, components of marketing environment, marketing intermediaries, competitors, public, factors of macro environment, social and cultural factors.
e commerce
E-commerce refers to business transactions conducted online through electronic communications and digital processing. It includes buying and selling of goods and services, as well as any business transactions where parties interact electronically rather than physically. There are several types of e-commerce including business-to-business, business-to-consumer, business-to-government, consumer-to-consumer, and mobile commerce conducted on handheld devices. Factors fueling the growth of e-commerce include reduced communication costs, widespread internet access, and the ability to reach global markets online.
Consumer motivation
This document discusses consumer motivation and the dynamics of motivation. It defines motivation as the driving force that impels individuals to action. Marketers do not create needs but make consumers aware of them. The document outlines Maslow's hierarchy of needs and a trio of needs model. It discusses how needs are aroused and never fully satisfied, leading people to continually seek new goals. Qualitative research techniques are widely used to measure underlying consumer motives.
Chapter 2 adapting marketing in the new economy
The document discusses how marketing and business practices have changed due to the rise of the digital economy and new technologies like the internet. It identifies key drivers of the new economy as digitalization/connectivity, disintermediation/reintermediation, customization/customerization, and industry convergence. It also explains how businesses have shifted from a product focus to a customer focus, from transactions to lifetime value, and from shareholders to stakeholders. Marketers now use e-business, websites, online ads, customer relationship management to build brands and retain customers in this new environment.
What's hot (20)
Managerial Economics: Meaning, scope and methods of Managerial Economics
Managerial Economics: Meaning, scope and methods of Managerial Economics
Similar to ACCOUNTING RECORD KEEPING
THE BALANCE SHEET
Helps in understanding balance sheets, the accounting concepts underlying them and the terms associated. Covers the dual aspect, going concern and entity concept. Terms explained include assets, liabilties, owners equity, fixed assets, current assets, current liabilities, long term debt, historical cost, book value, net realizable value and fair value. Also covers paid in capital, additional capital, retained earnings.
ACCOUNTING FOR FIXED ASSETS
This document discusses accounting for fixed assets. It defines fixed assets and explains capitalization and depreciation. It describes various depreciation methods including straight-line, declining balance, and sum of years methods. It also covers asset disposal and how gains or losses are calculated.
Accounting and its terminolgy
THE DEFINATION IS GIVEN BY THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT (AICPA).
ACCOUNTING IS AN ART OF RECORDING, CLASSIFIED AND SUMMERING IN A SIGNIFICANT MEMBER AND IN TURNS OF MONEY, TRANSACTION, AND EVENT WHICH HAVE A RESULT.
By referring the video you will definitely know the terms and concepts used in accounts and definitely, you will score much as possible.
Basics of financial accounting part 2 of 2
This document provides definitions and explanations of key accounting terminology and concepts. It defines journal, ledger accounts, cash book, preference shares, dividends, goodwill, bad debts, doubtful debts, bill of exchange, promissory note, suspense account, bank draft, bank overdraft, partnership deed, reserve funds, outstanding expenses, prepaid expenses, accrued income, unearned income, annuity, types of depreciation, the difference between a trial balance and balance sheet, types of companies based on liability and investment, and key company documents like the memorandum of association and articles of association.
Data Quality Dashboards
1. It is important to define data quality metrics that are purpose-fit and meaningful to customers. Dashboards should focus more on driving outcomes than just design.
2. Commonly used data quality dimensions include completeness, conformity, consistency, duplication, integrity, and accuracy. Specific metrics are then defined within each dimension tied to business objectives and rules.
3. Targets and trends provide valuable insights, with traffic light targets highlighting priority areas in red and trends showing progress over time.
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx
This document discusses accounting standards and financial statements. It provides definitions of accounting standards as guidelines for recording accounting transactions and financial statements as written records that convey a firm's financial performance and activities. Financial statements include balance sheets, income statements, cash flow statements, and explanatory notes. Accounting standards enhance comparability, consistency, and transparency of financial reporting. The document outlines the objectives, types, advantages, limitations, and differences between international and domestic accounting standards.
Auditing
The document defines auditing as an examination of accounting records to establish if they accurately reflect transactions. The objectives of an audit are to determine if the balance sheet and profit and loss statement present a true and fair view. Errors can be clerical, technical, or of principle and arise from omissions, duplications, or violating accounting principles. Frauds involve misappropriation of cash, goods, or account manipulation. Vouching tests if entries are genuine by examining receipts, payments, loans, and other transactions.
Financial accounting in Masters of Management Studies by Prof. Subhash Dalvi
It's all about Financial Accounting:
Financial accountancy is governed by both local and international accounting standards. GAAP (which stands for Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) is the standard framework for guidelines for financial accounting used in any given jurisdiction. It includes the standards, conventions and rules that accountants follow in recording and summarising and in the preparation of financial statements. On the other hand, IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) is a set of international accounting standards stating how particular types of transactions and other events should be reported in financial statements. IFRS are issued by the International Accounting Standards (IASs).
Accounting equation
The accounting equation states that assets are equal to liabilities plus capital. Assets are resources owned by a business that are measured in monetary terms and increase with debits and decrease with credits. Liabilities are financial obligations that increase with credits and decrease with debits. Capital accounts relate to the owners' equity and increase with credits and decrease with debits. In every transaction, the total debits must equal the total credits.
Scope of c.a by Mazhar Ali Mastoi
Scope and Importance of Computerized Accounting,
Computerized Accounting is based on Peach-tree software.
Abhijeet book kepping
Bookkeeping is the recording of financial transactions and the preparation of financial statements. It involves recording transactions in books of accounts, classifying them, and summarizing the results. The key aspects of bookkeeping are maintaining systematic records, preparing periodic financial statements like the income statement and balance sheet, and ensuring accuracy through the double-entry system where every transaction has a corresponding debit and credit entry.
Advance accounts ppt
The chapter Advance accounts will give a basic clarification on topic/chapter BRS i.e. Branch Reconciliation Statement. It will also explain, who prepares the statement, how one should prepare the reconciliation statement in simple terms.
Accounting Process & Procedure
The document provides information about accounting processes and procedures. It discusses transactions and events recorded in the general ledger. It describes different types of vouchers like supporting, journal, receipt, and payment vouchers. It also explains steps to prepare journal entries and the utility and limitations of journals. Furthermore, it discusses subsidiary books, ledger, trial balance and various financial statements like trading account, profit and loss account and balance sheet. It provides details about preparing bank reconciliation statements and their benefits.
Similar to ACCOUNTING RECORD KEEPING (13)
Financial accounting in Masters of Management Studies by Prof. Subhash Dalvi
Financial accounting in Masters of Management Studies by Prof. Subhash Dalvi
Recently uploaded
Who Is Abhay Bhutada, MD of Poonawalla Fincorp
Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightnessLabour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.一比一原版(UCL毕业证)伦敦大学|学院毕业证如何办理
UCL硕士学位证成绩单【微信95270640】《如何办理伦敦大学|学院毕业证认证》【办证Q微信95270640】《伦敦大学|学院文凭毕业证制作》《UCL学历学位证书哪里买》办理伦敦大学|学院学位证书扫描件、办理伦敦大学|学院雅思证书！
国际留学归国服务中心《如何办伦敦大学|学院毕业证认证》《UCL学位证书扫描件哪里买》实体公司，注册经营，行业标杆，精益求精！
专业为留学生办理伦敦大学|学院伦敦大学|学院毕业证offer【100%存档可查】留学全套申请材料办理。本公司承诺所有毕业证成绩单成品全部按照学校原版工艺对照一比一制作和学校一样的羊皮纸张保证您证书的质量！
如果你回国在学历认证方面有以下难题请联系我们我们将竭诚为你解决认证瓶颈
1所有材料真实但资料不全无法提供完全齐整的原件。【如：成绩单丶毕业证丶回国证明等材料中有遗失的。】
2获得真实的国外最终学历学位但国外本科学历就读经历存在问题或缺陷。【如：国外本科是教育部不承认的或者是联合办学项目教育部没有备案的或者外本科没有正常毕业的。】
3学分转移联合办学等情况复杂不知道怎么整理材料的。时间紧迫自己不清楚递交流程的。
如果你是以上情况之一请联系我们我们将在第一时间内给你免费咨询相关信息。我们将帮助你整理认证所需的各种材料.帮你解决国外学历认证难题。
国外伦敦大学|学院伦敦大学|学院毕业证offer办理方法：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询伦敦大学|学院伦敦大学|学院毕业证offer）；
2开始安排制作伦敦大学|学院毕业证成绩单电子图；
3伦敦大学|学院毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4伦敦大学|学院毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5伦敦大学|学院成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一上床就呼呼大睡山娃却辗转反侧睡不着山娃一次又一次摸索着爬起来一遍又一遍地用暖乎乎的冷水擦身往水泥地板上一勺一勺的洒水也不知过了多久山娃竟迷迷糊糊地睡着了迷迷糊糊地又闻到了闹钟刺耳的铃声和哐咣的关门声待山娃醒来时父亲早已上班去了床头总们
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-strategic-approach-to-optimize-investments
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
一比一原版美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证学历认证真实可查
永久可查学历认证【微信：A575476】【美国新罕布什尔大学(unh)毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
Wayhome's analysis of the UK market and how pension schemes can help solve the problems it presents younger people
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-investment-platform-for-superior-returns...
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-investment-platform-for-superior-returns...Falcon Invoice Discounting
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdf
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdf
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
一比一原版(GWU,GW毕业证)加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证如何办理
GWU,GW毕业证录取书【微信95270640】一比一伪造加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校文凭@假冒GWU,GW毕业证成绩单+Q微信95270640办理GWU,GW学位证书@仿造GWU,GW毕业文凭证书@购买加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证成绩单GWU,GW真实使馆认证/真实留信认证回国人员证明
全套服务：加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证成绩单真实回国人员证明 #真实教育部认证。让您回国发展信心十足#铸就十年品质！信誉！实体公司！可以视频看办公环境样板如需办理真实可查可以先到公司面谈勿轻信小中介黑作坊！
可以提供加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校钢印 #水印 #烫金 #激光防伪 #凹凸版 #最新版的毕业证 #百分之百让您绝对满意
印刷DHL快递毕业证 #成绩单7个工作日真实大使馆教育部认证1个月。为了达到高水准高效率
请您先以qq或微信的方式对我们的服务进行了解后如果有加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证成绩单帮助再进行电话咨询。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单如何办理：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。口水苦涩无比山娃一边游泳一边念念不忘那元门票尤令山娃气愤的是泳池老板居然硬让父亲买了一大一小二条巴掌般大的裤衩衩走出泳池山娃感觉透身粘粘乎乎散发着药水味有点痒山娃顿时留恋起家乡的小河潺潺活水清凉无比日子就这样孤寂而快乐地过着寂寞之余山娃最神往最开心就是晚上无论多晚多累父亲总要携山娃出去兜风逛夜市流光溢彩人潮涌动的都市夜生活总让山娃目不暇接惊叹不已父亲老问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦在
An Overview of the Prosocial dHEDGE Vault works
How the prosocial dHEDGE earns you money while saving the world!
一比一原版(IC毕业证)帝国理工大学毕业证如何办理
IC毕业证文凭证书【微信95270640】一比一伪造帝国理工大学文凭@假冒IC毕业证成绩单+Q微信95270640办理IC学位证书@仿造IC毕业文凭证书@购买帝国理工大学毕业证成绩单IC真实使馆认证/真实留信认证回国人员证明
如果您是以下情况，我们都能竭诚为您解决实际问题：【公司采用定金+余款的付款流程，以最大化保障您的利益，让您放心无忧】
1、在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业，拿不到官方毕业证+微信95270640
2、面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到帝国理工大学帝国理工大学毕业证学历书；
3、不清楚流程以及材料该如何准备帝国理工大学帝国理工大学毕业证学历书；
4、回国时间很长，忘记办理；
5、回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；
面向美国乔治城大学毕业留学生提供以下服务:
【★帝国理工大学帝国理工大学毕业证学历书毕业证、成绩单等全套材料，从防伪到印刷，从水印到钢印烫金，与学校100%相同】
【★真实使馆认证（留学人员回国证明），使馆存档可通过大使馆查询确认】
【★真实教育部认证，教育部存档，教育部留服网站可查】
【★真实留信认证，留信网入库存档，可查帝国理工大学帝国理工大学毕业证学历书】
我们从事工作十余年的有着丰富经验的业务顾问，熟悉海外各国大学的学制及教育体系，并且以挂科生解决毕业材料不全问题为基础，为客户量身定制1对1方案，未能毕业的回国留学生成功搭建回国顺利发展所需的桥梁。我们一直努力以高品质的教育为起点，以诚信、专业、高效、创新作为一切的行动宗旨，始终把“诚信为主、质量为本、客户第一”作为我们全部工作的出发点和归宿点。同时为海内外留学生提供大学毕业证购买、补办成绩单及各类分数修改等服务；归国认证方面，提供《留信网入库》申请、《国外学历学位认证》申请以及真实学籍办理等服务，帮助众多莘莘学子实现了一个又一个梦想。
专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
如果您真实毕业回国，对于学历认证无从下手，请联系我，我们免费帮您递交
诚招代理：本公司诚聘当地代理人员，如果你有业余时间，或者你有同学朋友需要，有兴趣就请联系我
你赢我赢，共创双赢
你做代理，可以帮助帝国理工大学同学朋友
你做代理，可以拯救帝国理工大学失足青年
你做代理，可以挽救帝国理工大学一个个人才
你做代理，你将是别人人生帝国理工大学的转折点
你做代理，可以改变自己，改变他人，给他人和自己一个机会美景更增添一份性感夹杂着一份纯洁的妖娆毫无违和感实在给人带来一份悠然幸福的心情如果说现在的审美已经断然拒绝了无声的话那么在树林间飞掠而过的小鸟叽叽咋咋的叫声是否就是这最后的点睛之笔悠然走在林间的小路上宁静与清香一丝丝的盛夏气息吸入身体昔日生活里的繁忙与焦躁早已淡然无存心中满是悠然清淡的芳菲身体不由的轻松脚步也感到无比的轻快走出这盘栾交错的小道眼前是连绵不绝的山峦浩荡天地间大自然毫无吝啬的展现它的达
1.2 Business Ideas Business Ideas Busine
Business Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas PowerpointBusiness Ideas Powerpoint
Governor Olli Rehn: Inflation down and recovery supported by interest rate cu...
Governor Olli Rehn
Bank of Finland
Press conference on the outlook for the Finnish economy
Helsinki, 11 June 2024
在线办理(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Recently uploaded (20)
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-strategic-approach-to-optimize-investments
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-strategic-approach-to-optimize-investments
Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-investment-platform-for-superior-returns...
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-investment-platform-for-superior-returns...
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdf
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdf
Governor Olli Rehn: Inflation down and recovery supported by interest rate cu...
Governor Olli Rehn: Inflation down and recovery supported by interest rate cu...
ACCOUNTING RECORD KEEPING
- 2. CONTENTS • ACCOUNTING PROCESS • DOUBLE ENTRY BOOK KEEPING • EXAMPLE © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 3. ACCOUNTING PROCESS • TRANSACTIONS ARE ANALYZED AND INITIALLY RECORDED IN A JOURNAL • THE JOURNAL IS A CHRONOLOGICAL RECORD OF TRANSACTIONS • ENTRIES IN THE JOURNAL ARE PERIODICALLY TRANSFERRED TO THE LEDGER © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 4. ACCOUNTING PROCESS • THE LEDGER IS A COLLECTION OF ACCOUNTS • TRANSFERRING ENTRIES TO THE LEDGER RESULTS IN ENTRIES BEING GROUPED ACCOUNT WISE • ACCOUNTS IN THE LEDGER ARE CALLED T ACCOUNTS © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 5. ACCOUNTING PROCESS • FOR EXAMPLE THE LEDGER CONTAINS A T ACCOUNT FOR CASH • ALL CASH TRANSACTIONS ARE PERIODICALLY TRANSFERRED FROM THE JOURNAL TO THIS ACCOUNT • SIMILARLY THE LEDGER HAS T ACCOUNTS FOR SALES, EXPENSES, INVESTMENTS ETC. © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 6. ACCOUNTING PROCESS • ALL TRANSACTIONS ARE RECORDED IN LINE WITH THE DOUBLE ENTRY BOOK KEEPING SYSTEM • THE DOUBLE ENTRY BOOK KEEPING SYSTEM IS ATTRIBUTED TO LUCAS PACIOLI © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 7. ACCOUNTING PROCESS • THE LAST STEP BEFORE FINALIZING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IS TO PREPARE A TRIAL BALANCE • THE TRIAL BALANCE IS A SUMMARY OF THE FINAL BALANCES OF ALL THE T ACCOUNTS AT THE END OF A PERIOD • FOR EXAMPLE THE FINAL CASH ACCOUNT BALANCE FROM THE T ACCOUNT FOR CASH WILL BE TRANSFERRED TO THE TRIAL BALANCE © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 8. ACCOUNTING PROCESS • THE FINAL TRIAL BALANCE IS USED TO PREPARE THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, I.E. THE BALANCE SHEET AND INCOME STATEMENT AND THE CASH FLOW STATEMENT © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 9. DOUBLE ENTRY BOOK KEEPING EVERY TRANSACTION IS RECORDED WITH A DEBIT AND A CREDIT FOR EVERY TRANSACTION THE DEBIT AMOUNT MUST EQUAL THE CREDIT AMOUNT TO ENSURE THAT THE ACCOUNTING EQUATION HOLDS Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ Equity © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 10. DOUBLE ENTRY BOOK KEEPING • DEBIT – LEFT HAND SIDE OF AN ACCOUNT – ABBREVIATED AS dr. • CREDIT – RIGHT HAND SIDE OF AN ACCOUNT – ABBREVIATED AS cr. © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 11. Assets Debit Credit + - = Liabilities - + Debit Credit + Owners’ Equity Debit Credit - + DOUBLE ENTRY BOOK KEEPING INCREASES IN ASSETS ARE RECORDED AS DEBITS INCREASES IN LIABILITIES AND OWNERS EQUITY ARE RECORDED AS CREDITS • DEBITS = CREDITS DOUBLE ENTRY BOOK KEEPING © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 12. • REVENUES INCREASE OWNERS EQUITY • EXPENSES DECREASE OWNERS EQUITY EXPENSES Dr. Cr. REVENUES Dr. Cr. OWNERS’ EQUITY Dr. Cr. INCREASES TO REVENUES ARE CREDITS INCREASES TO EXPENSES ARE RECORDED AS DEBITS DOUBLE ENTRY BOOK KEEPING © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 13. EXAMPLE • Example - Owner contributing Rs 5,000 cash for stock: Dr. Cash 5,000 Cr. Paid-in-capital 5,000 • CASH IS AN ASSET AND PAID-IN-CAPITAL IS OWNERS EQUITY EXAMPLE © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 14. Owner invests Rs.5,000 in Business Cash 5,000 Paid-in-Capital 5,000 © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 15. ACCOUNTING RECORDS • EXAMPLE – WRITE JOURNAL ENTRIES FOR THE FOLLOWING TRANSACTIONS THAT OCCURRED AT ABC COMPANY DURING MAY, • THE COMPANY PREPAID Rs. 10,000 RENT FOR THE PERIOD MAY 1 TO JUNE 31 EXAMPLE © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma
- 16. ACCOUNTING RECORDS • ANSWER • THE COMPANY PREPAID Rs.10,000 RENT FOR THE PERIOD MAY 1 TO JUNE 31 • Dr. Prepaid Rent 10000 Cr. Cash 10000 EXAMPLE © 2023 Dr. Meera Sharma