This document discusses the role of research and accountability in sustainable development. It notes that research has played a crucial role in human progress from early humans to the modern era. However, we are not fully harnessing the resources and technologies now available. Accountability is important for development, with four pillars: responsibility, answerability, trustworthiness, and liability. Research provides opportunities to address issues through generating ideas and innovation. Challenges like quality, outputs, mindsets must be overcome. If resources are properly harnessed and researchers are accountable, research can play a key role in development.