In Governance, accountability is answerability, blameworthiness, liability, and the expectation of account-giving. In term of governance, it has been fundamental to negotiations associated to difficulties in the public sector, nonprofit and private worlds. In leadership roles, accountability is the acknowledgment and assumption of responsibility for actions, products, judgments, and policies including the administration, governance, and application within the scope of the role or employment locus and on all sides of the obligation to report, explain and be answerable for resulting consequences which is the most important for efficiency of system. The classification of public accountability is generally understood in terms of external and internal mechanisms. The most crucial distinctive that we are about to analyze in administrative accountability is the doctrine of ministerial responsibility in Malaysia.

1. Accountability in Malaysia
SUMAIYA RABIYA
NESLIHAN YAKUT
AYYUP A. JABAR
ATTO SAID

2. IN
GOVERNANCE
IN
LEADERSHIP
ROLES
• Accountability is
expectation of account-giving
and the
• Accountability is the acknowledgment and assumption of
responsibility for actions, products, judgments, and policies including
the administration, governance, and application within the scope of
the role or employment locus and on all sides of the obligation to
report, explain and be answerable for resulting consequences which is
the most important for efficiency of system.

3. POLITICAL
CONSTITUENCY
ETHICAL
RELATIONS
TYPES
OF
ACCOUNTABILITY
INDIVIDUAL
ADMINIS
TRATIVE

4. AUDITING
is a form of „check and balance‟.
The Auditor General (AG) is the important personal
for national accountability (article 106 and 107 of the
constitution).
According to the procedure, every financial statement
of the government must be submitted to the AG in
seven months after year end. If he does not receive
any report in the appointed time, the AG will make a
report to the King of Malaysia (hereafter YDPA) and
there onward to the parliament.

5. The king…
 The King of Malaysia (Yang Di Pertuan
Agung, YDPA) is the Head of Federation
for Malaysia.
 Prime Minister will need to address the
YDPA about related issues of the
government
 Majesty‟s position which is traditionally
respected, the YDPA can influence the
government to act with accountability

6. • In Malaysia, Parliament is the
highest institution protected by
the powers of the YDPA
• Accountability can be derived
from a question-answer session
and a debate where the
responsible minister is required
to provide answers to every
question forwarded.
• However, certain issues related
to nationality, Bumiputra rights,
the Malay language, monarchy
and others are prohibited from
being debated upon.

7. OMBUDSMAN
“to observe the actions of
the authorities and
improve any defects in an
unfair administration
towards the people”
On 23 July 1971, the
Ombudsman system in
the Malaysian version,
which is the Public
Complaints Bureau
(PCB), was set up.

8. ELECTIONS
• Even though the BN still
remains as the governing
party every time the
elections are held, the total
of mandate received always
changes and ads to the
integrity of the elections
procedures.

9. NGO:
The approach adopted
by the NGOs is more
prone towards
discussions rather
than confrontational
which is seen as more
safe and peaceful way
to resolve conflicts
the racial conflict that
occurred on 13 May 1969
was the culmination of all
the racial confrontations
that had built up between
the Malays and the
Chinese. This incident had
stopped all means of open
political participation.

10. Under Official Secret Act
(OSA), the freedom of media
is very restricted in
Malaysia.
MASS
MEDIA
Despite such suffocation, the
social media is taking over the
responsibilities of check and
balances for the government,
which was prominently evident
in the last general election in
Malaysia 2013, which was titled
as the first social media election.

11. ACCOUNTABILITY IN 16 YEARS

13. BR1M
• This is a good example
BR1M stands for to help
people who are low income
in their house hold the
government announced to
give out a one-off cash
payment of RM500 to
households with an income
of less than RM3,000 a
month. This assistance is
one of the various initiatives
undertaken by the Barisan
Nasional government to
alleviate the burden of lowincome earners in facing the
rising cost of living.

14. 
It supports the principle of good
governance which is founded on
constitutionalism, limited government,
check and balance and others.
Several important positions in the
country‟s governance, starting with the
Head of the Nation, the Auditor
General, members of the Parliament,
the Parliamentary Accounts Committee
and others.

In Malaysia, various institutions and
mechanisms, both formal and informal,
and both internal and external, have
been instituted with the objective to
check and limit the government power.
Lay persons represented by NGOs,
trade unions, co-operative and others
need to be more participative in other
social activities.

The same applies to the media which
are seen as an important mechanism in
manifesting the final objective and
ambition of the government.

Nonetheless, one has to admit that all
these mechanisms also suffer from
many limitations.

Accountability is an ethical concept
that is universal in nature and can be
applied across all borders in the form of
governance.

