Accessory design studymaterial

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
DESIGN/SEM-‐V/SLB/
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
1

COURSE-‐B.DES
(FASHION
DESIGN)

COURSE
CODE-‐
B.DES
(FD)

SUBJECT
HEAD
ACCESSORY
DESIGN
MODE
OF
STUDY

SUBJECT
CODE
BFD(504)
PRACTICAL

ACCESSORY
DESIGN

B.Design
in
Fashion-‐
3rd

year

Students
Course
compiled
by
Mr.
Tamoghna
Mandal

Senior,
Faculty
Fashion
Design
Department

STUDENT’S
LEARNING
BOOKLET

FDDI

MINISTRY
OF
COMMERCE
&
INDUSTRY

GOVERNMENT
OF
INDIA

A-‐10/A,
SECTOR-‐24,
NOIDA-‐201301

Copy
Right
Reserved

(For
private
circulation
only)

Free
Student’s
Course
Material
(Not
for
Sale)

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
2

CONTENTS-‐

_________________________________________

UNIT1.

JEWELLERY………………………………………………………………….1-‐20

UNIT2.

BAGS…………………………………………………………………………21-‐39

UNIT3.
SHOES………………………………………………………………………..40-‐52

UNIT4.

BELTS…………………………………………………………………………53-‐
74

UNIT5.
SCARVES…………………………………………………………………….
75-‐82

UNIT6.
DESIGN
RESEARCH
AND
MARKET
SURVEY……………………83-‐84

UNIT7.
EXPERIMENT
WITH
MATERIAL
AND
FINAL
CONCEPT……85-‐87

UNIT8.
SAMPLE
RESEARCH
AND
SURFACE
ORNAMENTATION….88

UNIT9.
MERCHANDISE
INFORMATION
TERMINOLOGY…………..89

______________________________________

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
3

UNIT
1
JEWELERY

Jewelery
Amber pendants wheat grain shaped jewelry burnt clay Indian jewelry( terracotta)
FIG1.1 – Pictures showing different forms of 19th
century jewelry.
Jewelery consists of small decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches,
rings, necklaces, earrings, and bracelets. Jewelery may be attached to the body or the clothes, and
the term is restricted to durable ornaments, excluding flowers for example. For many centuries
metal, often combined with gemstones, has been the normal material for jewelry, but other
materials such as shells and other plant materials may be used. It is one of the oldest types of
archaeological artifact – with 100,000-year-old beads made from Nassarius shells thought to be
the oldest known jewelry The basic forms of jewelry vary between cultures but are often
extremely long-lived; in European cultures the most common forms of jewelry listed above have
persisted since ancient times, while other forms such as adornments for the nose or ankle,
important in other cultures, are much less common. Historically, the most widespread influence
on jewelry in terms of design and style has come from Asia.
Jewellery may be made from a wide range of materials. Gemstones and similar materials such as
amber and coral, precious metals, beads, and shells have been widely used, and enamel has often
been important. In most cultures jewellery can be understood as a status symbol, for its material
properties, its patterns, or for meaningful symbols. Jewellery has been made to adorn nearly
every body part, from hairpins to toe rings, and even genital jewellery. The patterns of wearing
jewellery between the sexes, and by children and older people can vary greatly between cultures,
but adult women have been the most consistent wearers of jewellery; in modern European

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
4

culture the amount worn by adult males is relatively low compared with other cultures and other
periods in European culture.
The word jewellery itself is derived from the word jewel, which was anglicized from the Old
French "jouel" and beyond that, to the Latin word "jocale", meaning plaything. However, in
North America, the more common spelling is "jewelry," and although both spellings appear in
Canadian English, jewelry prevails by a two to one margin. In addition, "jewel," not "Jewell," is
the standard spelling in all forms of English.

Materials
and
methods

In creating jewellery, gemstones, coins, or other precious items are often used, and they are
typically set into precious metals. Alloys of nearly every metal known have been encountered in
jewellery. Bronze, for example, was common in Roman times. Modern fine jewellery usually
includes gold, white gold, platinum, palladium, titanium, or silver. Most contemporary gold
jewellery is made of an alloy of gold, the purity of which is stated in karats, indicated by a
number followed by the letter K. American gold jewellery must be of at least 10K purity (41.7%
pure gold), (though in the UK the number is 9K (37.5% pure gold) and is typically found up to
18K (75% pure gold). Higher purity levels are less common with alloys at 22 K (91.6% pure
gold), and 24 K (99.9% pure gold) being considered too soft for jewellery use in America and
Europe. These high purity alloys, however, are widely used across Asia, the Middle East and
Africa. Platinum alloys range from 900 (90% pure) to 950 (95.0% pure). The silver used in
jewellery is usually sterling silver, or 92.5% fine silver. In costume jewellery, stainless steel
findings are sometimes used.

FIG
1.2
Showing
Bead
embroidery
design.

Other commonly used materials include glass, such as fused-glass or enamel; wood, often carved
or turned; shells and other natural animal substances such as bone and ivory; natural clay;
polymer clay; Hemp and other twines have been used as well to create jewellery that has more of
a natural feel. However, any inclusion of lead or lead solder will give an English Assay office
(the building which gives English jewellery its stamp of approval, the Hallmark) the right to
destroy the piece; however it is very rare for the assay office to do so.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
5

Beads are frequently used in jewellery. These may be made of glass, gemstones, metal, wood,
shells, clay and polymer clay. Beaded jewellery commonly encompasses necklaces, bracelets,
earrings, belts and rings. Beads may be large or small; the smallest type of beads used is known
as seed beads, these are the beads used for the "woven" style of beaded jewellery. Another use of
seed beads is an embroidery technique where seed beads are sewn onto fabric backings to create
broad collar neck pieces and beaded bracelets. Bead embroidery, a popular type of handwork
during the Victorian era, is enjoying a renaissance in modern jewellery making. Beading, or
beadwork, is also very popular in many African and indigenous North American cultures.
Silversmiths, goldsmiths, and lapidaries methods include forging, casting, soldering or welding,
cutting, carving and "cold-joining" (using adhesives, staples and rivets to assemble parts).
Diamonds

Fig
1.3:
Picture
showing
uncut
single
piece
diamonds.
The
shine
and
clarity
is
to
be
noted.

Diamond

Diamonds were first mined in India. Pliny may have mentioned them, although there is some
debate as to the exact nature of the stone he referred to as Adamas; In 2005, Australia, Botswana,
Russia and Canada ranked among the primary sources of gemstone diamond production.
The British crown jewels contain the Cullinan Diamond, part of the largest gem-quality rough
diamond ever found (1905), at 3,106.75 carats (621.35 g).
Now popular in engagement rings, this usage dates back to the marriage of Maximilian I to Mary
of Burgundy in 1477.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
6

Other
gemstones

Many precious and semiprecious stones are used for jewellery. Among them are:
Amber

Amber, an ancient organic gemstone, is composed of tree resin that has hardened over time. The
stone must be at least one million years old to be classified as amber, and some amber can be up
to 120 million years old.
Amethyst
Amethyst has historically been the most prized gemstone in the quartz family. It is treasured for
its purple hue, which can range in tone from light to dark.
Fig 1.3 showing Spanish emerald and gold pendant at Victoria and Albert Museum.
Emerald
Emeralds are one of the three main precious gemstones (along with rubies and sapphires) and are
known for their fine green to bluish green colour. They have been treasured throughout history,
and some historians report that the Egyptians mined emerald as early as 3500 BC.
Jade
Jade is most commonly associated with the colour green but can come in a number of other colors
as well. Jade is closely linked to Asian culture, history, and tradition, and is sometimes referred to
as the stone of heaven.
Jasper
Jasper is a gemstone of the chalcedony family that comes in a variety of colors. Often, jasper will
feature unique and interesting patterns within the colored stone. Picture jasper is a type of jasper
known for the colours (often beiges and browns) and swirls in the stone’s pattern.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
7

Quartz
Quartz refers to a family of crystalline gemstones of various colours and sizes. Among the well-
known types of quartz are rose quartz (which has a delicate pink colour), and smoky quartz
(which comes in a variety of shades of translucent brown). A number of other gemstones, such as
Amethyst and Citrine, are also part of the quartz family. Rutilated quartz is a popular type of
quartz containing needle-like inclusions.
Ruby
Rubies are known for their intense red colour and are among the most highly valued precious
gemstones. Rubies have been treasured for millennia. In Sanskrit, the word for ruby is ratnaraj,
meaning king of precious stones.
Sapphire
The most popular form of sapphire is blue sapphire, which is known for its medium to deep blue
colour and strong saturation. Fancy sapphires of various colours are also available. In the United
States, blue sapphire tends to be the most popular and most affordable of the three major precious
gemstones (emerald, ruby, and sapphire).
Turquoise
Turquoise is found in only a few places on earth, and the world’s largest turquoise producing
region is the southwest United States. Turquoise is prized for its attractive colour, most often an
intense medium blue or a greenish blue, and its ancient heritage. Turquoise is used in a great
variety of jewellery styles. It is perhaps most closely associated with southwest and Native
American jewellery, but it is also used in many sleek, modern styles. Some turquoise contains a
matrix of dark brown markings, which provides an interesting contrast to the gemstone’s bright
blue colour.
Some gemstones (like pearls, coral, and amber) are classified as organic, meaning that they are
produced by living organisms. Others are inorganic, meaning that they are generally composed
of and arise from minerals.
Some gems, for example, amethyst, have become less valued as methods of extracting and
importing them have progressed. Some man-made gems can serve in place of natural gems, such
as cubic zirconium, which can be used in place of diamond.[13]

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
8

Metal
finishes

Fig
1.4
showing
an
example
of
gold
plated
jewellery

For platinum, gold, and silver jewellery, there are many techniques to create finishes. The most
common are high-polish, satin/matte, brushed, and hammered. High-polished jewellery is the
most common and gives the metal a highly reflective, shiny look. Satin or matte finish reduces
the shine and reflection of the jewellery, and this is commonly used to accentuate gemstones
such as diamonds. Brushed finishes give the jewellery a textured look and are created by
brushing a material (similar to sandpaper) against the metal, leaving "brush strokes." Hammered
finishes are typically created by using a rounded steel hammer and hammering the jewellery to
give it a wavy texture.
Some jewellery is plated to give it a shiny, reflective look or to achieve a desired colour. Sterling
silver jewellery may be plated with a thin layer of 0.999 fine silver (a process known as flashing)
or may be plated with rhodium or
Jewelry
Manufacturing

Today jewelry is crafted using the traditional method of simple tools and skilled fingers to
modern tools and hi tech means. The flow of ideas and the wide range of designs offer this
choice. Mass production or made to order is the other factor in choosing a particular method of
production. Here is an attempt to bring to the reader a comprehensive idea about jewelry
manufacturing.
I am sure many of you wonder at the marvels, beauty and workmanship of their favorite piece of
jewellery. Many questions might spring to mind, wondering how the delicate design was created
or the gem set? What makes the jewellery strong? Who are these artisans who wield their art
with such aplomb creating intricate piece de resistance' with impudence? Making jewellery is
definitely not a cake walk. Time, technology and experience have contributed to strengthening
the art of jewellery manufacturing. When early man began wearing jewellery fashioned out of
stones, bones or any attractive material that caught the eye he hammered, pounded, chiseled and
rubbed to get the required shape and size. As man matured and ideas grew, new techniques

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
9

developed to capture his imagination in a world of gold, gems and glitter. From simple discs to
3D designs were woven with the help of tools and technology.
Today jewellery is crafted using the traditional method of simple tools and skilled fingers to
modern tools and hi tech means. The flow of ideas and the wide range of designs offer this
choice. Mass production or made to order is the other factor in choosing a particular method of
production. Here is an attempt to bring to the reader a comprehensive idea about jewellery
manufacturing.
REASONS FOR WEARING JEWELLRY
• It is functional, generally to fix clothing or hair in place, or to tell the time (in the case of
watches)
• It works as a mark of social status and personal status, as with a wedding ring
• It also signifies some form of affiliation, whether ethnic, religious or social
• It sometimes helps us to provide talismanic protection (in the form of amulets)
• It portrays a form of artistic display
• It acts as a carrier or symbol of personal meaning - such as love, mourning or luck.
TYPES OF JEWELLRY
Jewelry
can
be
classified
in
a
number
of
ways.

On
the
basis
of
the
material
used

Diamond Jewelry
-‐
Diamonds
may
be
worn
in
all
sorts
of
jewelry,
including
rings,
bracelets,
necklaces

and
earrings.

Pearl Jewellry
-‐
Pearls
from
freshwater,
the
sea
or
cultured
can
be
made
into
earrings,
necklaces,

bracelets
and
more.

Fig
1.5
to
1.1.10
showing
all
types
of
jewelry
as
a
fashion
accessories.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
10

Gold Jewelry
-‐
In
natural
State
its
bright
yellow
metal
and
is
extremely
soft.
So
it
is
always
mixed
with

other
metals
for
commercial
purposes.
Four
types
of
Gold
Jewelry-‐:

Karat
Gold-‐
To
consider
a
karat
gold
at
least
10
k
of
gold
in
an
alloy.
The
most
costly.24
karat
is
pure

gold.14
karat
means
14
parts
of
gold
and
10
parts
of
other
metal.

Gold
filled-‐
A
thin
sheet
of
gold
is
rolled
and
then
adhered
to
the
base
metal.
The
amount
of
gold
has
to

be
1/20
of
the
total
weight
of
the
item.

Rolled
gold
plate-‐
Similar
to
gold
filled
but
the
amount
of
gold
in
an
alloy
is
much
less;
almost
/40
of
the

total
metal’s
weight.

Electroplated
gold-‐
Any
inexpensive
jewelry
if
requires
a
shiny
look
then
a
fine
gold
surface
very
thin
in

context
is
electroplated
and
passed
over
in
the
surface
of
the
metal
to
give
a
gold
like
golden
yellowish

look
which
might
wear
away
within
few
months.

Silver Jewelry
–
It
is
white
and
relatively
low
cost
than
gold
but
very
valuable
and
precious.
It’s

alloyed
with
copper
and
gets
the
name
sterling
silver.
For
less
costly
designs,
silver
also
gets

electroplated.
For
sterling
silver
the
alloy
must
contain
925
parts
of
silver
and
75
parts
of
copper.

Gemstone Jewelry -‐
Jewelry
with
colored
stones
that
are
not
diamonds.
This
may
include
precious

and
semi-‐precious

Bead
Jewelry-‐Bead
art
in
India
is
five
thousand
year
old
and
dates
back
to
the
time
of
Indus
Valley

Civilization.
People
of
that
civilization
used
to
make
beads
out
of
gold,
silver,
copper,
clay,
ivory
and

even
wood.
The
excavated
carried
out
there
came
out
with
finished
and
unfinished
beads
from
the
site.

Filigree
Jewelry:
Filigree
work
is
done
on
silver
and
involves
lots
of
precision
and
technicality,
added

with
great
amount
of
patience
and
an
eye
for
minute
details.
Historically,
filigree
work
was
quite

popular
in
countries
like
Egypt,
Italy,
and
Spain.
India's
history
of
filigree
work
goes
back
to
early

centuries.

Ivory
Jewelry:
Jewelry
that
is
made
from
the
tusk
of
an
elephant
is
called
ivory
jewelry.
Importance
of

ivory
jewelry
can
be
guessed
from
the
fact
that
in
Gujarat,
the
bride
receives
an
ivory
bangle
from
her

family
just
before
marriage
as
jewelry.
During
marriage
ceremony
wearing
of
ivory
bangles
is
must
for

bride.

Jadau
Jewelry:
Jadau
Jewelry
forms
one
of
the
major
examples
of
high
skilled
craftsmanship
that
was

brought
into
India
by
Mughals.
Historically
speaking,
the
tradition
of
Jadau
work
has
been
in
practice
in

the
states
of
Rajasthan
and
Gujarat
since
the
Mughal
era.
Jadau
jewellery
is
also
called
engraved

jewelry.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
11

Kundan
Jewelry:
During
Mughal
period,
the
art
of
kundan
work
reached
Rajasthan
from
Delhi.
Later
on,

craftsmen
from
the
different
part
of
the
country
migrated
to
the
place
and
made
Rajasthan
a
hub
of

Kundankari.
Rulers
and
feudal
lords
gave
patronage
to
the
art
and
it
developed
into
perfection.

Lac Jewelry:
Lac
jewelry,
also
known
as
lacquer
jewelry,
originated
in
Rajasthan
and
has
gained

considerable
popularity
in
India
today.
Lac
jewelry
is
available
in
versatile
designs,
which
add
to
its

beauty.
Among
the
various
items
in
lac
jewelry,
the
bangles
need
a
special
mention.

Meenakari Jewelry:
In
Meenakari
jewelry,
precious
stones
are
set
and
then
enameled
with
gold.

Historically
speaking,
the
art
was
introduced
to
Rajasthan
artisans
by
Raja
Mansingh
of
Amer.
He
invited

Lahore-‐based
skilled
artisans
to
his
kingdom,
and
their
intermingling
with
the
locals
craftsmen
resulted

in
an
amalgam.

Navratna
Jewelry:
In
Navratna
jewelry,
nine
auspicious
stones
are
used
in
a
single
ornament.
The
belief

behind
this
is
that
the
nine
stones
together
ensure
well
being
of
the
person
who
wears
it.
In
India,

Navratna
jewelry
has
been
given
major
importance,
because
of
its
astrological
significance
as
well
as
its

innate
charm.

Fig
1.15
to
Fig
1.20
showing
all
fashion
jewelry
of
kundan,
lac,
glass
and
jadau.

On
the
basis
of
the
usage

Fashion Jewelry
–
It
is
not
always
the
highest
of
quality;
fashion
jewellry
makes
a
statement
and
is

typically
lower
cost.

Costume Jewelry
-‐
This
type
of
jewelry
is
worn
to
be
fancy
at
grander
events
and
occasions.
Usually

more
gaudy
or
ornate.

Traditional jewelry

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
12

Bridal Jewelry
–
This
jewelry
type
just
for
the
wedding,
specifically.
Usually,
this
is
a
matching

necklace
and
earring
set.

Vintage Jewelry
–
This
vintage
jewelry
could
include
costume
or
any
type
of
heirloom
or
antique

pieces.

Methods
used
in
Jewelry
manufacturing

Methods that are typically used to make jewellery from gold and silver and its alloys are
Investment Casting, Die casting, cattle fish casting and hand fabrication. Many jewelers use
CAD/CAM to make jewellery. CAD computer aided designs and CAM i.e. computer aided
manufacturing to reproduce a model piece of jewellery that can be mass produced. Making
jewellery requires knowledge and expertise in gold smiting, stonecutting, engraving, mold
making, fabrication, wax carving, lost wax casting, electroplating, forging, and polishing. These
are the various steps needed to make jewellery. The first step in making a detailed piece is
making of a mold.
Mould

Jewellery making begins with a mould. A mould is the exact and perfect replica of the piece to
be made, copied either from a design or a piece/object. A mould is shaped around the
shape/figure with the help of casting process. The casting process involves a number of steps.
There are two methods of casting, investment casting or die casting each with its own
advantages.
Investment
Casting

Investment Casting is also called 'lost wax casting' since the wax is removed by heating in a kiln
or in an autoclave. It is the earliest metal technique evolved by mankind and has a history of
4,000 years. Believed to have been developed by the Mesopotamians, it remains the most
popular process of making gold (metal) jewellery and forms the basis of modern investment
casting process. This process involves dipping a mold into a ceramic mix. Sometimes new
materials like plastic or polystyrene foam is used instead of wax. This process has a number of
steps involved.
• A primary model is made in hard alloy like nickel silver or just silver.
• A rubber model is made by surrounding this primary model, using sheet rubber in a mold frame.
It is then vulcanized by placing it in a heated press. On cooling, it is cut with a scalpel into halves
or more and removing the primary model.
• This rubber mold is used to make many copies of the primary model on wax.
• Molten wax is then introduced into the mold cavity by using a wax injector. On cooling the wax
is removed to get an exact copy of the primary model in wax.
• After the desired number of models has been made the waxes are arranged in a tree all around a
central feeder in the casting machine. The central feeder is also called sprue. The tree placed in a
metal cylinder called flask.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
13

• A special mixture called investment plaster is mixed with water to form a thick liquid and poured
over the tree covering the wax models. Low vacuum removes air bubbles and then this is allowed
to cool and harden to form stiff and sturdy molds.
• Then the flask is inverted and placed in a kiln/furnace. The wax is melted by steam or air to
remove all the wax. The furnace is set in stages and the maximum temperature reached is 750
degrees centigrade. The melting process takes about 12 to 16 hours. This melting down of the
wax is called the 'lost wax process'.
• The wax is slowly melted and drained out completely and all that is left behind is the investment
plaster mold and this will now be used to pour the required molten metal (to be cased) into.

• The casting process begins by putting the flask in a casting machine. The gold metal or its alloy is
melted and then cast into the investment mold. Then it is allowed to cool and solidify.
• After it has cooled down completely it is immersed into cold water which breaks off the
investment mold, leaving the casts in the tree. The casting are cut off and then made into
jewellery pieces which will then be polished into completion.
Two types of casting machines are used the centrifugal casting machine which is the older
technique or the modern technique of static vacuum assist machines.
Advantages
of
investment
casting

It is an age old proven method. It allows the jeweler flexibility to create complex designs. The
details can be copied perfectly. The control of color is better. The finished product can be highly
polished. It results in very fine surface finish. The metallurgical properties are also excellent.
Disadvantages
of
investment
casting

This process can result in porosity. Also the dimensions may not be as accurate as the die struck
method. This process can and is used for almost all gold jewellery and remains a favorite with
jewelers even after 6,000 years later!
Die
struck
method

Die struck method is a casting method where the metal to be cast is forced under pressure into a
mold which is usually made out of metal. This is a bona fide method of producing complex
shapes. The earliest recorded history of die casting by pressure occurred in 1800's. Using a
plunger or compressed air, molten metal is forced into a metallic die and the pressure is
maintained until the metal settles and solidifies.
The pressure reaches 25 tons per square inch. The intense pressure causes the atoms in the metal
to move closer together and solidify to form dies or molds. Using compressed sheet metal and
steel dies mountings are formed with metal parts mechanically stamped out. Each part is
matched and fitted into the correct portion of halved die and stamped and shaped. A hydraulic
press is used.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
14

Various
methods
of
cuttings
tools
of
stones
and
process
of
carvings
of
floral
design
being
displayed
in

the
pictures
above.

In
the
above
picture,
cutting
into
desired
shape
has
been
shown
.In
the
adjacent
picture
a
lady

inspecting
and
sorting
stones
for
the
correct
choice
of
stone
setting.

In
the
above
picture
the
men
are
preparing
themselves
for
casting,
a
method
where
a
cast
and
mold
is

made
in
which
molten
metals
are
forced
in.
The
adjacent
picture
is
showing
a
lady
giving
shape
to
a

stones
to
enhance
beauty
and
sometimes
hide
imperfections
and
inclusions.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
15

Types
of
stone
setting

There are thousands of variations of setting styles, but there are several fundamental types:
Bezel
setting

A
bezel
set
sapphire

The earliest known technique of attaching stones to jewelry was bezel setting. A bezel is a strip
of metal bent into the shape and size of the stone and then soldered to the piece of jewelry. Then
the stone is inserted into the bezel and the metal rubbed over the stone, holding it in place. This
method works well for either cabochon or faceted stones.
Prong
setting

Prong
set
diamonds

Prong setting is the simplest and most common type of setting, largely because it uses the least
amount of metal to hold the stone, thus showing it off to its best advantage. Generally it is simply
some number of wires, called prongs, which are of a certain size and shape, arranged in a shape
and size to hold the given stone, and fixed at the base. Then a burr of the proper size, is used to
cut what is known as a "bearing", which is a notch that corresponds to the angles of the stone.
The burr most often used is called a "hart bur" that is angled and sized for the job of setting
diamonds. That bearing is cut equally into all of the prongs and at the same height above the
base. Then the stone is inserted so that it goes into all of the bearings, pliers or a pusher are used
to bend the prongs gently over the crown of the stone, and the tops of the prongs are clipped off
with snips, filed to an even height above the stone, and finished. Usually a "cup burr" is used to
give the prong a nice round tip. A cup burr is in the shape of a hemisphere with teeth on the
inside, for making rounded tips on wires and prongs. There are many variations of prong settings
including just two prongs, the common 4 prongs or up to 24 or more with many variations
involving decoration, size and shapes of the prongs themselves, and how they are fixed or used
in jewelry. But the method of setting is generally the same for all of them no matter how many
prongs are present.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
16

Channel
setting

Channel
set
diamonds

Channel setting is a method whereby stones are suspended between two bars or strips of metal,
called channels. Often when setting small stones and the bars go in a linear line with the design it
is called channel setting, and when the bars cross the lines of the design, it is called bar set. The
idea is the same, though. The channel is some variation of a "U" shape, with two sides and a
bottom. The sides are made just a bit narrower than the width of the stone or stones to be set, and
then, using the same burs as in prong setting, a small notch, which is again called a bearing, is
cut into each wall. The stone is put in place in those notches, and the metal on top is pushed
down, tightening the stone in place. The proper way to set a channel is to cut a notch for each
stone, but for cheaper production work sometimes a groove is cut along each channel. Also,
since the metal can be very stiff and strong, this is a situation where a reciprocating hammer,
which is like a jackhammer but jewelry sized, might be used to hammer down the metal, as it can
be difficult to do by hand. Then, as always, the metal is filed down and finished, and the inner
edge near the stones cleaned up and straightened as necessary. As with all jewelry, there can be
many variations of channel work. At times the walls will be raised—sometimes a center stone
will be set between two bars that rise high from the base ring—or the channel might just be cut
directly into some surface, making the stones flush with the metal. It is still channel setting,
though.
Bead
setting

Example
of
bead
set
diamonds

Example
of
pave
set
diamonds

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
17

Bead setting is a generic term for setting a stone directly into metal using gravers, also called
burins, which are essentially tiny chisels. A hole is drilled directly into the metal surface, and
then a ball burr is used to make a concave depression just the size of the stone. Some setters will
set the stone into that concave depression, and some will use a hart burr to cut a bearing around
the edge. Then the stone is inserted into that space, and the gravers or burins are used to lift and
push a tiny bit of the metal into and over the edge of the stone. Then a beading tool, which is
simply a steel shaft with a concave dimple cut into the tip, is pushed onto the bit of metal,
rounding and smoothing it, pushing it firmly onto the stone, and creating a "bead". That is the
essential method, but there are many types of setting that use the technique. When many stones
are set in this fashion very closely together, about 1 millimeter apart covering a surface that is
called “pave”— from the French for paved or cobblestoned. When a long line is engraved into
the metal going up to each of the beads that is "star set", because of the look. The other common
usage is called "bead and bright", "grain setting" or "threading" in Europe, and other names at
times. This is when; after the stone is set as described above, the background metal around the
stone is cut away, usually in geometric shapes. In the end what is left is the stone with four beads
in a lowered box shape with an edge around it. Often it is a row of stones, so it will be in a long
shape with a raised edge and a row of stones and beads down the center. This type of setting is
still used often, but it was very common in the early to middle 20th century.
Burnish
setting

Fig
showing
Burnish
set
diamonds

Burnish setting, also sometimes referred to as flush setting, shot setting, or gypsy setting (The
term gypsy setting is used less often today because the word gypsy is seen as derogatory) is
similar to bead setting, but after the stone is inserted into the space, instead of using a graver to
lift beads, a burnishing tool is used to push the metal all around the stone. The stone will be
roughly flush with the surface, with a burnished or rubbed edge around it. This type of setting
has a long history but is gaining resurgence in contemporary jewelry. Sometimes the metal is
finished using sandblasting, as it shows off the work very well.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
18

This
hand
sketch
illustration
is
showing
the
details
effect
of
polished
diamond
inculcated
in
a
ring.

This
above
illustration
is
showing
6
different
types
of
Prong
settings.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
19

This
illustration
is
showing
diamond
setting
with
ring
attachment
and
different
stone
viability.

The
diagram
features
different
names
suggestion
for
different
settings
of
diamond
in
a
ring
of
gold
or

silver.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
20

EXERCISES

1. Design
5
jewellery
of
different
materials
and
color
it
appropriately.

2. List
10
best
national
and
International
jewellery
brands
and
write
a
brief
of
each
about

the
brand,
foundation,
turnover
and
sales
profit
with
its
tie
ups
and
branding

promotional
activities.

Review
questions

Q1.
What
are
Jewelries?
What
are
the
materials
and
methods
used
in
jewelry
making?

Q2.
Describe
5
gemstones
and
their
usage
for
jewelry
designing?

Q3.
Explain
5
different
types
of
Jewelry?

Q4.
What
is
Investment
jewelry?
What
are
the
advantage
and
disadvantage
of
investment
jewelry?

Q5.
What
are
the
different
types
of
Stone
cutting?

Q6
Explain
the
following
in
short
answers-‐:

1. Jadau
Jewelry

2. Prong
Setting

3. Burnish
setting

4. Die
–struck
method

5. Traditional
jewelry

6. Navaratna
jewelry

7. Diamonds

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
21

UNIT
2
BAGS

A
handbag,
or
purse
in
American
English,
is
a
handled
medium-‐to-‐large
bag
that
is
often

fashionably
designed,
typically
used
by
women,
to
hold
personal
items
such
as
wallet/coins,

keys,
cosmetics,
a
hairbrush,
mobile
phone
etc.

Handbags
have
been
known
for
their
special
relation
to
women.
They
have
been
one
of
the
most

popular
and
are
often
used
accessories
of
women
even
before
old
times.
Handbags
are
not
only

considered
as
a
functional
item
that
help
them
carry
their
important
belongings,
but
women
consider

them
as
one
of
the
most
significant
preferences
in
succeeding
the
best
fashion
style
they
dreaming
of,

as
well.
The
purpose
of
Bags
has
exceeded
its
prime
purpose
of
convenience
and
fashion.
Bags
come
in

different
sizes,
giving
us
the
opportunity
to
bring
things
all
the
time.

As
an
accessory,
bags
can
totally
change
the
way
we
look
or
dress
for
a
certain
occasion.
Nowadays,

handbags
are
coming
out
with
plenty
varieties
of
styles
and
designs
to
choose
from.
Designers
are

making
various
creations
with
different
styles
and
designs
that
can
match
with
the
lifestyle
of
today's

savvy
women.
We
have
travel
bags,
baby
bags,
pet
bags,
school
bags,
formal
bags,
designer
bags,
school

bags,
and
many
more.
Not
all
handbags
are
created
equal
–
some
are
classics,
some
are
trendy,
some

are
practical,
some
are
simply
arm
candy.

You
can
flaunt
a
bag
to
manifest
your
cool
personality,
to

show
your
strong
attitude
or
even
to
complement
your
jovial
nature.
There
is
something
for
every

personality,
and
also
for
every
occasion.

Bags
are
one
of
the
most
essential
fashion
accessories
carried
by
a
woman,
every
woman
has
a
dream
to

carry
a
matching
hand
bag
with
her
dress
and
so,
hand
bags
are
found
in
various
styles
and
patterns
that

can
go
matching
with
any
kind
of
dress.
Bags
for
women
are
basically
to
carry
their
stuffs
in
a
more

convenient
way
while
some
of
them
carry
for
show.
Aside,
from
its
main
purpose
of
storage
and

portability,
bags
also
add
to
aesthetics.

A
number
of
European
manufacturers
have
long
histories
of
producing
leather
goods.
Some
were
made

by
famous
jewelry
companies
such
as
Tiffany
&
Co.
For
some
companies,
Gucci
and
Louis
Vuitton,

handbags
were
introduced
to
their
product
range
relatively
recently
in
their
history
but
for
others
like

H.J.
Cave
&
Sons,
they
have
been
around
almost
as
long
as
the
company.
Nonetheless,
handbags
are

among
their
best-‐known
products,
and
their
logos
are
recognized
in
many
countries
today.

The
most
expensive
of
the
luxury
handbags
are
made
by
Hermès.
Prices
start
at
$6000;
handbags
are

made
to
order,
and
the
waiting
lists
are
years
long.
Hermès
handbag
designs
carry
the
names
of

actresses,
socialites,
and
other
celebrities
who
were
frequently
photographed
with
a
particular
handbag,

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
22

most
notably
the
"Birkin"
bag
named
after
Jane
Birkin,
and
the
"Kelly"
bag
named
after
Grace
Kelly.

Other
designers
have
adopted
the
practice
of
naming
their
handbag
designs
after
celebrities,
for

example
Marc
Jacobs,
who
created
the
"Stam"
purse,
named
after
model
Jessica
Stam.

HISTORY
OF
HANDBAGS

Handbags have been essential to fashion history ever since people have had something precious to carry
around with them and only the items have changed over time. Early handbags ware more functional rather
than being a fashion statement. They were typically small circular cut pieces of material that normally had
a leather strap. The leather strap was sewn around the circumference of the handbag to maintain its'
strength and security. The very first mention in written literature comes from the 14th century, even
though Egyptian hieroglyphs show pouches carried around the waist. Bags were attached to what were
called "girdles" which were fastened to the waist. Embroidery and jewels adorned these articles and were
used to show status - the richer the person, the more elaborate the bag.
In the 16th century, handbags took on more of an air of practicality with the use of everyday materials
such as leather with a drawstring fastener on top. During this period, cloth bags were used that were made
larger and used by travelers and carried diagonally across the body. The 17th century saw more variety
and both fashionable men and women carried small purses with more complex shapes. Young girls were
taught embroidery as a very necessary skill to make them marriageable and we see the rise of beautiful
and unique stitched artwork in handbags.
Neo-classical clothing became popular in the 18th century with a reduction in the amount of
underclothing worn by women. Wearing a purse would ruin the look of this clothing so fashionable ladies
started carrying their handbags which were called reticules. Reticules became a fashion statement. The
functional element of handbags although remaining important started to give way to the design of the
handbag in reasons why people chose a particular handbag for their wardrobe. Fashion magazines were
primarily responsible for making handbags a fashion statement as they began to comment on the best
handbags to use for specific events, occasions and locations. This led to the need to have different
handbags for different conditions. Handbags remained functional but not just as travelers carry bag but to
carry other personal items including a fan, perfume, smelling salts and make-up.
The term "handbag" first came into use in the early 1900's and generally referred to hand-held luggage
bags usually carried by men. These were an inspiration for new bags that became popularized for women,
including handbags with complicated fasteners, internal compartments, and locks. With this new fashion,
jewelers got into the act with special compartments for opera glasses, cosmetics, and fans.
The 1920's saw a revolution in fashion with varying hemlines and lighter clothing. Bags no longer needed
to match the outfit perfectly and the rage was for the stylish lady to carry a doll dressed exactly like
herself, complete with matching bag for her miniature companion!
The 1940's saw new austerity in clothing, including handbags with the war effort in mind. Metal frames,
zips, leather, and mirrors were in short supply so manufactures used plastic and wood. The 50's saw the

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
23

rise of important designer houses including Chanel, Louis Vuitton, and Hermes and the 60's saw the
breakdown of old notions of the classical and the rise of youth culture.
Copy is the most sincere form of flattery and, if so, Kate Spade, Gucci, Hermes, Coach and Dior must be
very flattered! There are many replica handbags flooding the market. Some of these "designer fakes" even
carry the label of the Company they are imitating while others just have the signature "C" or "G" without
the label.
TYPES OF BAGS
Athletic bag: a soft, roomy bag used to carry sporting equipment
and apparel to the gym
Backpack: a bag that is supported by the shoulders with double
handles and lies across the back. Lightweight types of backpacks
are sometimes worn on only one shoulder strap. Backpacks are
often preferred to handbags for carrying heavy loads or carrying
any sort of equipment, because of the limited capacity to carry
heavy weights for long periods of time in the hands. Backpacks
are supported on either one or both shoulders. Perfect for students
who need to carry laptops, books, water bottle and snacks among
other things, they are the traditional school bags with a twist.
A backpack ought to have two padded straps – wider the straps,
better the support.
Baguette Bag: A purse that is relatively long from side to side
and small from top to bottom basically a little like a baguette with
a handle. It is long and narrow in shape similar to a French bread
loaf.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
24

Bowling Bag: A bag originally made to hold a bowling ball, this
has become a fashion item.
Bucket bag: roomy bag shaped like a bucket, usually has an open
top and shoulder strap.
Clutch Bag: Small but long bag (rectangular), evening bag
without a handle. You have to clutch it hence the name.
Cosmetic case: bags of varying sizes and shapes with a zip
closure lined to hold cosmetics
Coin Purse: Sometimes called change purses. A coin purse is a
small bag designed to hold coins and other small items.
Cross-Body Bag: Typically smaller in size, these bags are meant
to be worn across the body to allow you be hands-free while on
the go

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
25

Drawstring Handbag: A bag with a string or cord cinch closure
Envelope bag: a flat, square or rectangular bag with a triangle-
shaped top flaps that fold over like an envelope.
Fold over clutch: a clutch with or without a handle that can be
tucked or folded.
Hobo Bag: a large crescent-shaped shoulder bag or any large bag
that hangs from your shoulder and has a main compartment
closure.
Jhola :A cousin of satchel bag is our good old mirror worked
“jhola” bags that we get off the streets. While the satchel can be
teamed with western wear, the mirror worked versions can be
carried with Indian casual wear. These Jholas come in varied
designs and colors, thus suited for every personality. It’s now safe
to say that that perception has changed. They are now considered
to be a major fashion draw for students throughout the country.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
26

Messenger Bag: A bag with a long strap to be worn across the
body that winds around the chest resting the bag on the lower
back.. Messenger bags are often used by bicycle messengers,
though they are increasingly becoming an urban fashion icon.
Messenger bags ensure comfort to people carrying heavy and/or
bulky items, while allowing easy access to the contents. While
they can be found in the possession of either gender, they are
often commonly employed by men in a function analogous to a
woman's purse. These have also become fashionable in urban
environments, among cyclists and commuters. Materials used in
messenger bags are often more durable and water-resistant than
traditional bags. Typically, a messenger bag has a rectangular
shape with a fold over flap that is held closed by a buckle, clasp,
zipper or magnetic catch.
Muff: a winter bag made of real or faux fur, wool or velvet that
has zippered compartments and a slip opening for your hands.
Saddle Bag: a large bag (or pair of bags) hung over a saddle.
Many designers use saddle bag as an inspiration for their designs.
Therefore, their bags are called saddle bags, even though they are
not actually saddle bag

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
27

Satchel: A structured handbag with double handles, locking
hardware and a wide, flat bottom. May be large or small. A
satchel is a bag, often one or sometimes two large straps.
The strap is often worn so that it diagonally crosses the body,
with the bag hanging on the opposite hip, rather than hanging
directly down from the shoulder. Handle is generally rigid and
curved. The main difference between a satchel and a briefcase is
that a satchel is soft-sided usually of leather. Also, satchels often
have straps while briefcases usually don't.
Most students are also using these bags to help them carry their
books, notebooks and other school supplies.
Sling Bag: A bag with a long strap (similar to a messenger bag),
yet smaller. This stylish design is quite similar to the messenger
counterparts, but slings are definitely way ahead considering style
and looks. When used by men, the bags are often called man
purses or man bags. This bag goes well with western casuals.
These bags are more famous amongst the men folk.
Tote Bag: A medium to large bag with two straps. Sometimes
sold as a reusable shopping bag, this bag can carry anything that is
too large for a common handbag – also called a ‘Shopper’
Weekend Bag: A bag of a size to carry clothing and personal
articles for a weekend trip

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
28

Wristlet - a clutch shaped bag that comes with an attached leather
or bracelet-looking strap allowing you to hold your bag and dance
freely.
Duffel Bag: A large bag usually used for travel or sports. The
name comes from Duffel, a town in Belgium where the thick cloth
used to make the bag originated. Duffel bags are often used by
sailors, and are sometimes called sea bags in this capacity. More
recently, a duffel bag typically refers to the specific style of bag,
though the phrase may also be used to refer to any large bag made
of thick fabric. It is often used to carry luggage or sports
equipment by people who travel in the outdoors. Duffel bags
have large compartments to place numerous valuables such as
clothes, shoes, and other things when away from home.
Laptop Bags: A bag used to carry laptops, ipads or other portable
electronic devices. Typically has a single handle and is carried
like a briefcase. Most come with a removable shoulder strap.
Organizer Bags: Handbags with compartments and pockets for
organized storage of makeup, wallets, coin purses, appointment
books, and other personal items.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
29

COMPONENT PARTS OF HANDBAGS:
Term Definition Examples
Closure Mechanism used to close the purse Drawstring, snap, zipper, toggle button, magnet,
Velcro, kiss-lock, clasp
Handle Refers to relatively short, usually rigid
hand grips
Leather, synthetic leather, chain, metal, bamboo,
wood, bone, plastic
Strap Commonly long, flexible loops Leather, synthetic leather, fabric
Lining Fabric used to line the interior of the
purse
Natural fabric, synthetic fabric, vinyl
Frame A rigid top structure from which a soft
bag is suspended; the closure is often a
kiss-lock type which snaps shut
Usually metal but may be plastic or another hard
material
Hardware (Usually) metal pieces Zippers, snaps, buckles, clasp closures, spring clasps
and loops used to attach removable straps, strap
adjustments, rings connecting straps to bags, feet
Feet Small nubs, typically four, found on the
bottom of a flat-bottomed bag to keep it
off of dirty surfaces
Metal, rubber, plastic

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
30

LUGGAGE BAGS-:
Luggage consists of bags, cases, and containers which hold a traveler’s articles during transit.
The modern traveler can be expected to have packages containing clothing, toiletries, small possessions,
trip necessities, and on the return-trip, souvenirs. For some people, luggage and the style thereof is
representative of the owner's wealth.
Luggage has changed over time. Historically the most common types of luggage
were chests or trunks made of wood or other heavy materials. These would be shipped by professional
movers. Since the Second World War smaller and more lightweight suitcases and bags that can be carried
by an individual have become the main form of luggage.
TYPES OF LUGGAGE
No single piece of luggage is perfect for all kinds of travel. That's why there are so many types of
luggage, bags and packs to choose from.
Trunk - A wooden box, generally much larger than other kinds of luggage. Trunks come in smaller sizes
as in the case of footlockers and larger ones called steamers. These days trunks are more commonly used
for storage than transportation. Items large enough to require a trunk are now usually shipped in transport
cases.
Suitcase - A general term that may refer to wheeled or non-wheeled luggage, as well as soft or hard side
luggage. There are three types of suitcase. Each can be anywhere from 24 inches to 36 inches in size.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
31

Hard-sided suitcases: Hard-sided suitcases feature wheels, locks, and pull straps and are especially
durable against wear and tear. Many are constructed of plastic, metal, or other molded materials; others
feature wood or metal interior frames and a soft covering like fabric or leather.
Semi-soft suitcases: Lightweight semi-soft suitcases offer more room for expansion than other types of
suitcases and most have wheels and straps for easy transport.
Soft-sided suitcases: Light and expandable soft-sided suitcases have zipper closures and stiffeners instead
of an interior framework.
Garment bag - A style of luggage that folds over on itself to allow long garments such as suits or dresses
to be packed flat to avoid creasing. Garment bags come in both wheeled and non-wheeled models, and are
usually one of the largest pieces in any set of luggage.
4. Tote - A small bag, usually worn on the shoulder
5. Duffel bag - A barrel-shaped bag, almost exclusively soft side, is well suited to casual travel, with very
little organization inside. The spelling "duffle" is also valid.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
32

Wheeled Duffels
Nothing swallows up gear like a duffel bag, and one with wheels is a good choice
for multisport gear junkies. If your adventures frequently require gear of widely
varying sizes and shapes, rolling duffel is a smart way to corral it all. For light
packers, a carry-on wheeled duffel (22") offers less space but allows you to forego
the time and expense of checking a bag.
Wheeled Backpacks
Popular with adventure travelers, these combine the convenience of wheeled luggage with the mobility of
a backpack. You can transport lots of gear with a simple pull of the extendable handle.
Laptop Bags, Sleeves and Day Packs
These urban bags have a padded compartment to protect your 10"–17" laptop, plus a bevy of organizing
pockets to hold cables, peripherals and paperwork. Laptop sleeves can also be used with e-readers and
tablets.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
33

FEATURES OF LUGGAGE
Locks - locks serve multiple purposes; a deterrent to dishonest airport workers and locks also help keep
baggage closed during handling.
Expandable Luggage - suitcases that can be unzipped to expand for more packing space.
Wheels: The "Dawn-Mobile", the first suitcase on wheels, was invented in 1908 by James Cole, a
preacher for the Bible Students, to carry copies of the Bible commentary. Rolling suitcases were
reinvented in 1970, when Bernard D. Sadow applied for a patent that was granted in 1972 as United
States patent 3,653,474 for "Rolling Luggage". Sadow's four-wheeled suitcases, pulled using a loose
strap, were later surpassed in popularity by roll boards, suitcases that feature two wheels and are pulled in
an upright position using a long handle, and were invented in 1987 by US pilot Robert Plath.
Large suitcases and Pullmans

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
34

PROMINENT BRANDS (INTERNATIONAL)-:
There is now an array of luxury luggage brands to pick from and all offer style and practicality in their
collections. Companies range from fashion heavyweights Louis Vuitton and Ralph Lauren to travel
specialists Tumi and Samsonite. Even sports car maker Porsche is getting involved with its Driver’s
Selection suitcases.
And many of today’s luggage lines have to satisfy the jetsetter’s requirements. Most offer two-wheel
mobility while some go further with four-wheel 360° freedom of movement. Victorinox, which made the
original Swiss army knife before turning to luggage, has in-built hangar clamps in its Deluxe Garment
Mobilizer to keep clothes wrinkle-free.
Luggage doesn’t always mean suitcases – Alfred Dunhill’s and Ralph Lauren’s weekender bags provide
an alternative for shorter stays. They are stylish without sacrificing function and are spacious enough to
allow you to bring what you need.
Italian luxury goods brand Bottega Veneta started in 1966. It is a lot younger than the other featured
labels but it offers something different to hard-shell suitcases. The fashion house uses its signature
intrecciato VN leather for its luggage line. The material is durable and stands up to the wear and tear of
frequent travel.
All of our luxury luggage lines feature because they strike the balance between style, function and
endurance. Traveling can be that much sweeter with a reliable companion in your hand.
Louis Vuitton
With roots in trunk making dating back as far as 1871, Louis Vuitton combines luxury with expert
craftsmanship to provide the ultimate in sophisticated luggage. The label's LV monogram appears on
most of its products, ranging from luxury trunks and leather goods to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches,
jewellery, accessories, sunglasses, and books.
Whether you’re seeking the signature Monogram canvas, personalized details or colorful designs,
globetrotters can’t go wrong with one of Louis Vuitton’s travel creations.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
35

Samsonite
International luggage specialist Samsonite has been leading
the field for more than 100 years. Samsonite International
S.A. is an American multinational luggage manufacturer and retailer, with products ranging from
large suitcases to small toiletries bags and briefcases. It was founded in Denver, Colorado in 1910
by Jesse Shwayder. Shwayder named one of his initial cases Samson, after the Biblical strongman, and
began using the trademark Samsonite in 1941. The company changed its name to Samsonite in 1966.
VIP Industries Ltd(NATIONAL BRAND)-:
It is world second largest and Asia’s largest Luggage maker based in Mumbai Maharashtra, India. The
company manufactures plastic moulded suitcases, handbags, briefcases, vanity cases and luggage. It has
acquired UK luggage brand Carlton in 2004.It provides travel products, hard and soft-sided luggage, bags,
backpacks, duffels, shoulder bags, waist pouches, sling bags, duffel trolleys, vanity cases, office bags and
satchels, suitcases, and briefcases. The company offers its products primarily under the VIP, Carlton,
Footloose, Alfa, Aristocrat, Sky bags, and Buddy brands.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
36

EXERCISES-:
1. Design 3 bags of different occasion and show the side, front and top view and
render it and mention its different parts with appropriate trimmings.
2. Collect 5 national and international brand pictures of bags and luggage’s and
study and note the design and interesting features of those bags and discuss it in class.
3. Design your own logo and give an imaginary brand name with one bag design for
the following wear-:
A.
executive
wear

B.
cruise/resort
wear

C.
Party
wear.

4. Draw the outline of the of a female human form based on 5 different occasional wear and
sketch and identify the various bags of that may be worn in this figure.
5. Collect different newspaper and magazines and identify the bags and paste and label it.
Next, try to draw and render the exact image by doing a photo analysis.
Review Questions
Q1. Describe the history of bags? Explain 5 different types of bags along with correct diagram.
Q2. Explain 5 components of Handbags.
Q3. Describe one international brand for bags in details.
Q4. Explain two types of luggage’s with the help of a neat diagram.
Q5. Write short notes on the following-:

1.
Straps

2.
Laptop
bag
3.
Bougette
Bags

4.
Athletic
Bags

5.
Lining

6.
Hobo
bags

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
37

UNIT
3
SHOES

SHOES-: DEFINITE FASHION FOOTWEAR!
Footwear refers to garments worn on the feet, for fashion, protection against the environment,
and adornment. Some cultures choose not to wear footwear, at least in some situations.
Socks and other hosiery are typically worn between the feet and other footwear, less often with
sandals or flip flops (thongs). Footwear is sometimes the subject of sexual fetishism, such as
shoe fetishism or boot fetishism.
Durable shoes are a relatively recent invention, though many ancient civilizations wore
ornamental footwear. Many ancient civilizations saw no need for footwear. The Romans saw
clothing and footwear as signs of power and status in society, and most Romans wore footwear,
while slaves and peasants remained barefoot. The Middle Ages saw the rise of high-heeled
shoes, also associated with power, and the desire to look larger than life, and artwork from that
period often depicts bare feet as a symbol of poverty. Bare feet are also seen as a sign of humility
and respect, and adherents of many religions worship or mourn while barefoot, or remove their
shoes as a sign of respect towards someone of higher standing.
In some cultures, people remove their shoes before entering a home. Some religious
communities require people to remove shoes before they enter holy buildings, such as temples.
Practitioners of the craft of shoemaking are called shoemakers, cobblers, or cordwainers.
Materials

• Leather
• Plastic
• Rubber
• Textiles
• Wood
• Jute
• Metal
Components
• Adhesives
• Buckle
• Counter
• Eyelet
• Heel
• Hook
• Insole
• Laces

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
38

• Shank
• Sole
• Tack
• Tread
• Welt
• Outsole

Fig-‐1.1

Fig
1.1
shows
Shoes
made
from
crocodile
skin,
in
a
conservation
exhibit
at
Bristol
Zoo,
England

Types

• Shoe Styles-:Boots
o Chukka boots
o Combat boots
o Cowboy boots
o Go-go boots
o Hiking boots
o Kinky boots
o Motorcycle boots
o Mukluk
o Platform boots
o Riding boots
o Russian boots
o Derby boots
o Thigh-length boots
• Shoes

o Athletic shoes (also known as trainers or sneakers)
o Brothel creepers
o Court shoes (known in the US as pumps)
o Diabetic shoes
o Espadrilles
o Galoshes
o Kitten heels
o Lace-up shoes
§ Derby shoes
§ Oxford shoes

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
39

§ Brogues
o High-tops
o Loafers
o Mary Jane
o Moccasins
o Monks
o Mules
o Platform shoes
o School shoes
o Skate shoes
o Tap shoes
• Sandals
o Flip-flops (thongs)
o Slide
o Slippers
• Foot wraps
• Specific footwear
o Ballet shoes
o High-heeled footwear
o Climbing shoes
o Clogs
o Football boots
o Sabaton
o Safety footwear
o Ski boots
o Snowshoes
o Surgical shoe
o Pointe shoes
o Swim fins (flippers)
• Traditional footwear
Footwear
industry

In Europe, the footwear industry has declined in the last years. Whereas in 2005, there were
about 27,000 firms, in 2008 there were only 24,000. As well as the number of firms, the direct
employment has decreased. The only factors that remained almost steady were the value added at
factor cost and production value.
In the U.S., the annual footwear industry revenue was $48 billion in 2012. There are about
29,000 shoe stores in the U.S. and the shoe industry employs about 189,000 people. Due to rising
imports, these numbers are also declining. The only way of staying afloat in the shoe market is to
establish a presence in niche market

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
40

Fig
1.2

Fig
1.3

Fig
1.2
and1.3
showing
the
features
for
the
parts
of
shoe.
Note
the
shoe
type
show
in
both
the

pictures
is
of
Sneaker.

Fig
1.4
showing
the
anatomy
of
part
of
a
Female
shoe.
Note
that
some
parts
of
female
shoe
don’t
exist

in
male
show.
Can
you
jot
down
the
difference
of
those
few
parts?

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
41

Fig
1.5
Showing
full
features
of
a
athletic
Sneaker
ideal
for
sports
wear.

___________________________________________________________________________________

Fig 1.6 Showing parts of male shoe.
______________________________________________________________________________

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
42

Terminology
The following is a list of terms used to describe parts of the shoe. Some terms refer to parts that
all shoes have such as the sole, while other terms may only apply to certain types or style of
shoe.
Breast: The forward facing part of the heel, under the arch of the sole
Counter: A stiff piece of material at the heel of a shoe positioned between the lining and upper
that helps maintain the shape of the shoe. The counter helps strengthen the rear of the soe.
Feather: The part of the shoe where the upper’s edge meets the sole
Heel: The heel is the part of the sole that raises the rear of the shoe in relation to the front. The
heal seat is the top of the heel that touches the upper; this is typically shaped to match the form
of the upper. The part of the heel that comes in contact with the ground is known as the top
piece.
Insole: A layer of material that sits inside the shoe that creates a layer between the sole and the
wearer’s foot. The insole adds comfort for the wearer, while hiding the join between the upper.
Linings: Most shoes include a lining on the inside of the shoe, around the vamp and quarter.
These linings improve comfort, and can help increase the lifespan of the shoe.
Outsole: The exposed part of the sole that is contact with the ground. As with all parts of the
shoe, outsoles are made from a variety of materials. The properties the outsole need are: grip,
durability, and water resistance
Puff: a reinforcing inside the upper which gives the toe its shape and support. Similar function to
a toe cap.
Quarter: The rear and sides of the upper that covers the heel that is behind the vamp. The heel
section of the quarter is often strengthened with a stiffener, which helps support the rear of the
foot. Some shoe designs use a continuous piece of leather for the vamp and quarter.
Seat: Where the heel of the fit sits in the shoe. It normally matches the shape of the heel for
comfort and support.
‘Shank: A piece of metal inserted between the sole and the insole lying against the arch of the
foot.
Sole: The entire part of the shoe that sites below the wearers foot. As opposite to the upper. The
upper and sole make up the whole of the shoe.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
43

Throat: The front of the vamp next to the toe cap. For shoes were the vamp and quarter panels
are one piece the throat is at the eye-stay.
Toe cap: Shoes may have a toe cap in the front upper of the shoe. Toe caps can take various
forms, but the distinct types are: complete replacements for the front upper of the shoe; stitched
over toecaps that add an extra layer to the upper; solid toe caps for protection, such as steel toe
caps. Stitch over toe caps may be decorative in nature. Toe caps help add strength to the upper
front of the shoe, an area that receives a lot of stress and wear from use.
Top Piece: The part of the heel that comes in contact with the ground. Made of a durable
material that helps maintain friction with the ground.
Top line: The top edge of the upper
Upper: The entire part of the shoe that covers the foot.
Vamp: The section of upper that covers the front of the foot as far as the back as the join of the
quarter.
Waist: The arch and in-step of the foot.
Welt: A strip of material that joins the upper to the sole.
Understanding
the
Basic
Manufacturing
Process

People have been wearing shoes for over 5,000 years, but shoe sizing systems are a fairly recent
development. Many years ago, shoes were made or acquired in one of three ways:
1) Custom-made by a shoemaker;
2) The individual made his own for himself or his family; and
3) Buying second-hand shoes from a more prosperous individual (or receiving hand-me-downs within
the family).
FIG
1.7

Fig
1.1
showing
an
artist's
impression
of
Ötzi's
right
shoe.
Ötzi
is
a
male
mummy
found
in
the
Austrian

Alps
in
September
1991
in
remarkably
well-‐preserved
condition.

As seen with the discovery of a 5,000 year old Iceman, in Fig 1.7 his shoes were self-made.
Each shoe consisted of an oval piece of leather; the edges turned up and bound with strong
leather straps. Microscopic examination illustrated that the material used, was in fact, leather and

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
44

not fur. The soles were presumably made of cowhide. Attached to the straps was a net knotted
from grass cords; this covered the instep and the heel. This device was intended to hold in place
the grass stuffed into the shoes for warmth. The cord-net also covered the loop hanging down
from the leggings. Attached to the sole leather were the uppers, presumably of fur, which then
continued up the leg roughly in the form of a boot. This was tied around the ankle with grass
cords.
The oldest shoe found in Western Europe before the Iceman was unearthed in 1874. It came
from the Buiner bog in the Dutch province of Drente. On the basis of pollen analysis, this shoe
was dated back to the end of the Neolithic period, or generally about 2500 BC. Unlike the shoes
of the iceman, it’s sole and upper were made from a single, oval piece of leather. In later
specimens, a seam in the front of an inverted T would be placed at the heel, ensuring a better fit.
This would be tied around the foot with a leather strap, which passed through slits about 2
centimeters long (3/4 inch) placed some 3 millimeters (¼ inch) in front the edge. Even though
there was nothing else remaining of this shoe, such as an inner lining, it was clearly constructed
on a different principle from that of the Iceman’s footwear, which consisted of separate pieces of
material sewn together.
The homemade process was relatively simple. The foot was placed on a slab of leather or other
material and a sole was cut from it. A piece of leather or some type of cloth was laid over the top
of the foot, cut to fit, then nailed or tacked to the sole. Nobody thought in terms of size or width;
the shoes were basically made to protect the feet. It was simply a method of fitting the foot with
a cover. Shoemakers would generally follow the same basic method except for much more skill
and sophistication. The shoemaker would start with a foot tracing, sometimes making an
impression of the foot in clay or plaster. He would measure the foot "mass" by using the hand-
span methods; elsewhere with various spans of his hand he created a "last" (a form shaped like a
foot). With this process, there was no sizing of shoes; just the taking of measurements. Each
shoemaker measured in his own individual way, which he protected and guarded. These trade
secrets, of course, precluded any possibility of a general shoe measuring or sizing system
applicable to everyone. Once the last was made, the shoemaker kept it in his possession, assuring
repeat business from the same customer. Also, the shoemaker would be able to continue making
shoes of a finer quality than the homemade kind because of his shoemaking skills as well as
individual artistry in styling.
Early shoes, more than likely, fit much better than today’s shoes, as they were custom made to
each foot. But nevertheless, many points of modern fitting refinement were absent, such as tread
design, collar fit, heel and arch fittings, vamp fit, etc.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
45

List of shoe styles

Fig
1.8
Sneakers
in
a
footwear
shopping
mall
at
display.
This is a list of shoe styles and designs. A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and
comfort the human foot while doing various activities. Shoes are also used as an item of
decoration. The design of shoes has varied enormously through time and from culture to culture,
with appearance originally being tied to function. Additionally, fashion has often dictated many
design elements, such as whether shoes have very high heels or flat ones. Contemporary
footwear varies widely in style, complexity and cost. Shoemaking is the process of making
footwear. Originally, shoes were made one at a time by hand. Traditional handicraft shoemaking
has now been largely superseded in volume of shoes produced by industrial mass production of
footwear, but not necessarily in quality, attention to detail, or craftsmanship.
Fig 1.9 Ballet shoes Fig 1.10 Derby shoes

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
46

Fig
1.11
Traditional
Shoe
(Galesh)

Fig
1.12
High
heel
shoes
with
stilettos

Fig
1.13
Jelly
shoes.

How to Find Your True Shoe Size
Is it better to buy shoes that are too big or too small? How many times do you ask yourself that
question? Or think to yourself "now that I bought these hot shoes, how can I make them fit and
feel better?" These are questions that cross the minds of many women when purchasing the latest
and hottest shoe styles.
In order to find your true shoe size when you are buying shoes use the Brannock shoe
measuring device at the shoe store. That will give you both the width and length of your foot.
There are many people who find, after measuring their feet, that they have one foot longer or
wider than the other. This is a normal variant and there is nothing to worry about. One of the
reasons why it happens can be genetic and you can blame it on mom or dad. The formation of
bunions and tailor bunions are boney abnormalities that have a genetic predisposition and will
change the anatomical boney alignment of the foot making it wider. Another reason could be
because of a splay foot where the ligaments weaken and the foot can elongate and widen.
Women during pregnancy may experience this type of phenomena because of the hormone
Relaxin that is released to allow the ligaments in the pelvis to stretch during the time of delivery.
The ligaments in the foot can also become affected and the foot can get wider and longer.
However, once the foot gets longer or wider it does not go back to its original size.
The rule of thumb to live by when buying a pair of shoes is that there should be a thumb's width
between the tip of the longest toe in your foot and the end of the shoe. The first, second or third
toes are often the landmarks because they are usually the longest toes in your foot.
Always buy a pair of shoes that fit the bigger foot. The reason for this is that you can place an
over the counter insole in the larger one to either take up some of the room or prevent foot
slippage. Never force your foot into a shoe that is too small or too tight. Wearing ill-fitting shoes
can cause foot, ankle, knee and low back problems. Shoes that do not fit properly can throw your
balance off and make you walk funny. If the shoe is too narrow you can develop ingrown toe
nails, corns on the top and side of your toes and irritate the skin resulting in blister formation.
The solution to these problems is to take your time when selecting a new pair of shoes. Try not to
buy shoes on emotion only. Hint: Buy shoes during the time of the day that you would be
probably wearing them because feet can often swell during the day. If your feet are swimming
around inside the shoe and slipping forward, place an insole or an arch support in the shoe to

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
47

take up some of the extra room as well as prevent the slipping. If the arch in your foot is
cramping when wearing shoes that are a little too big and going into spasm because the toes are
curling up inside the shoes, my company makes an over the counter shoe product available to
prevent that problem. The product is called Instant Arches. This oval shaped arch support
product, one size fits all, will stop the foot from moving forward in the shoe and prevent skin
irritation. They will also support the arch and eliminate arch cramps
How to take care of Footwear?
“The rains can play havoc on your footwear. While gum boots and rubber shoes are preferred
during the season, an occasion might require you to wear leather shoes, ballet flats or even
wedges. “
Moreover, the humidity in the weather could make you sweat more, leaving a foul smell in your
shoes and socks. Here are ways to take care of your footwear during this season.
- As soon as you return home, wipe the muck off your footwear using a clean and moist cloth.
- If you wear sports shoes in the rains, dry them by loosening the laces.
- Do not keep footwear in closed cabinets without completely drying them.
- Drying shoes under direct sunlight can do more harm to your shoes. Leave them to dry under
the fan instead.
- Always wear clean socks.
- Try sticking to rubber footwear and avoid wearing expensive shoes.
- Avoid wearing leather shoes in this weather. However, if an occasion demands you to wear
them, apply a wax-based polish. This will create a thin protective layer that provides light
resistance to water and salt.
1.
Leather
and
Patent
Leather
Shoes

For leather shoes to maintain their condition, a rigorous cleaning regimen is required. Properly
maintained leather shoes will have a long life and be wearable for years. The table below lists
some of the essential shoe care tools required to care for a pair of leather shoes.
Tool
Proper
Usage

Leather
Brush
Used to brush dust and debris from leather shoes. This is the first step in routine
maintenance for shoes.
Leather
Cleaner
Saddle soap, ivory soap, or specialty leather cleaners can be used to clean a
leather shoe. This should be applied with a damp cloth and then wiped off.
Allow the shoe to dry on a cedar shoe tree before polishing or conditioning.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
48

Tool
Proper
Usage

Cedar Shoe
Tree
The cedar helps draw out excess moisture and odors from the leather after the
shoes are worn. Inserting a shoe tree into the shoe as soon as it is taken off will
help the shoe maintain its proper shape.
Polish Available as both a cream/paste and wax. Cream/paste polishes well help the
leather retain the proper amount of moisture. Wax polishes may lock out the
moisture and cause the shoe to dry out more quickly. However, a wax polish is
better at covering up scuffs than cream polishes.
Conditioner Leather conditioners help keep the shoe supple and prevent the leather from
drying out. Apply it as needed.
Leather shoes should be brushed off after each use and then returned to the cedar shoe tree.
When it is time to polish the shoes, the laces should be removed, then the shoes should be
brushed off to remove any dust. After they have been brushed, shoes should be cleaned, left to
dry on a cedar shoe tree, and then polished and conditioned. Be sure to follow the instructions for
use on the selected shoe polish to avoid any residue being left behind. For a quick scuff cover up,
the scuff can be colored in with a matching crayon. However, this is a temporary fix and not a
long-term solution.
2.
Suede
Shoes

As soon as suede shoes have been brought home, they should be sprayed with a weatherproof
spray that is designed for suede shoes. Repeat this step as needed. Purchase a suede brush and
routinely brush the dust and debris from shoes. A good habit to have is brushing down suede
shoes immediately after they have been worn. If they become damp, draw out the excess
moisture with a towel and then allow to air dry at room temperature. Setting them in the sun or
drying them with heat may cause discoloration. For oil stains, apply talcum powder and let sit for
several hours. Brush off the powder with the suede brush and repeat as needed. Solvent based
cleaners designed for suede shoes can also be used to remove stains. Serious stains may need to
be taken to a professional to reduce the risk of stain removal damaging the shoes.
3.
Cloth
Shoes

Wipe the shoe off inside and out with a mild detergent and water mix and allow to dry. Another
suggestion is to use baby wipes to clean off the shoes. For athletic shoes that need to be
completely cleaned out, they can be tossed into the washing machine or hand-washed in a sink or
tub. Make sure the laces and inserts are removed first and washed separately. Use a cleaning
mixture that will not damage the shoe, either by asking for care tips when purchasing the shoes
or by reading up about care information online. For athletic shoes, a mild dish detergent should

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
49

work well. When in doubt, test the mixture on an area of the shoe that will not be noticeable.
After wiping out the shoes, be sure to let them completely dry before storing them, otherwise
they may become a haven for bacteria and odors. Do not dry in the dryer, as this will cause them
to lose their shape.
4.
Replacing
the
Insole

The insole of a shoe takes quite a bit of abuse, especially in athletic shoes and flats meant to be
worn without socks. If replacing the insole to help eliminate odors, first check to see if the insole
is worn out. If it is not worn out, try sprinkling baking soda in the bottom of the shoe at night and
then shaking or vacuuming it out in the morning. If that does not work or if the insole is worn
through, replacing the insoles is advised. Replacing a worn-through insole will help reduce shoe
odors. Replacement insoles will also make the footwear more comfortable by providing a
springy cushion and proper arch support. However, when the insole is replaced, the shoes may
need to be broken in again, so the wearer should reconsider replacing insoles right before going
on a trip. Replacement insoles are available for purchase in most sizes or can come in larger sizes
that can be trimmed down. Women with larger feet may have difficulty finding replacement
insoles in the size they need, so they should know their size in men’s footwear. While the general
standard is to subtract two shoe sizes from a women’s shoe to find her comparable size in men’s
footwear, it does vary slightly, so women looking for replacement inserts in men’s sizes may be
better off finding one that can be cut down to the right size so that they can be assured of an
accurate fit.
5.
Replacing
the
Laces

For shoes that lace up the front, the shoelace can easily become grimy and stained through daily
wear. A quick way to spruce up any pair of laced shoes is to replace the shoelaces. Shoelaces are
fairly cheap and can be purchased in a variety of colors, styles, lengths, and materials. It is
important to remember to measure the length of the original laces before going out to purchase
replacements, as laces that are too short may not properly hold the foot in place, and laces that
are too long may drag on the ground and get dirty. A quick fix for fraying laces if one doesn’t
have time to replace them is to coat the ends with clear nail polish. This will dry and form a
protective sealant to prevent further fraying. However, this is a temporary fix and laces should be
replaced at the earliest convenience to keep the shoes looking fresh and new.
6.
Replace
Heel
Caps

For women’s shoes, the caps on the end of the heels can crack and need to be replaced. A
replacement heel cap can be purchased for women to switch out themselves or the shoes can be
taken into a cobbler for repairs. A broken heel cap will not only look bad, it may also make the
shoe more uncomfortable to walk in, as a women will have to balance on the equivalent of a
head of a nail. Without the heel cap, the heel will also be shorter, which means that the gait will
be off as the foot is held at an odd angle.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
50

7.
Weatherproof
Spray

Unless living in a desert climate, it is likely that people’s shoes will come into contact with water
at some point in their use. A weatherproof spray can be used on shoes to keep them from
becoming waterlogged. Before using a spray, read the label on the can to make sure that it will
not damage the shoe it is to be sprayed on. Shoe retailers will frequently have weatherproof
sprays available for purchase.
8.
Switch
out
Shoes

It is recommended that people not wear the same pair of shoes for more than a couple of days in
a row. Wearing the same shoe day in and day out does not give the shoe, or feet, a chance to take
a break. Different shoes will put pressure on different parts of the foot, so in order to prevent
problems from arising, it is important that shoes are switched out regularly. Having two pairs of
shoes to rotate out every couple of days is all that is needed to prevent stress on the foot.
Where
to
Buy
Shoe
Maintenance
Products

Most retail stores that sell shoes will have a selection of shoe care products. The store clerks will
be able to provide insight and assistance in selecting the right care products. However, depending
on the retailer and the demand for maintenance products, they may have a limited selection.
Online retailers will offer a larger selection of products. However, brand selection may be
limited by each retailer’s preference. For a large and constantly updated selection of shoe care
products, try using an auction site like eBay.
Buying
Shoe
Care
Products
on
eBay

EBay carries a wide variety of shoe care products. If you know exactly what product you are
looking for, type the name directly into the search bar. Include the style of shoe or the material in
the search phrase if you’re not quite sure of what you’re looking for. Also search for bundles.
Sellers may sell entire leather or suede care kits for cheaper than buying each part individually.
By buying a bundle, you’re also ensuring that all of the products will work together as intended.
Be sure to read the reviews of different brands of shoe care products before making your final
selection.
Selecting
a
Seller

Pay attention to the location sellers are shipping from. Closer locations may mean cheaper or
faster shipping. If the seller is local, an in-person pick-up can even be arranged if both parties are
comfortable with it. Many sellers will also offer free shipping or combined shipping when you
purchase more than one item. If you are looking to purchase more than one shoe care item, it
might be beneficial to purchase everything from a single seller so as to combine shipping costs
and ensure that all the items arrive at the same time. When bidding on multiple items from the
same seller that have different auction end times, it is recommended that you message the seller

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
51

and inform them of your intentions so that they can know to wait to ship the items out until all of
your bids are complete.
Feedback is an important indicator of the reliability of a seller. Low scores do not necessarily
indicate unreliable sellers, so it is important to look at the actual ratings. Sellers who have had
many positive transactions are listed as top - rated sellers and have a gold medal by their name.
Conclusion

There are many ways to keep shoes looking and feeling like new. Different styles of shoes have
different methods and equipment needed to properly care for them. Pay attention to the type of
shoe you are cleaning so that you can purchase the proper equipment. Either ask a clerk at the
shoe store or do research online to find out the best products to use on new shoes. Even if the
shoes are clean, dirty shoelaces will make the shoes look worn. Replacement shoelaces are an
inexpensive way to keep shoes looking fresh and clean. Replacement insoles can be purchased to
keep the shoes feeling like new. When insoles are worn through, they no longer provide the
necessary support, so they should be replaced as needed. Heel caps on women’s shoes should
also be replaced as needed. A weatherproof spray is recommended for most types of shoes. This
will help lock out moisture and prevent the shoes from becoming a haven for bacteria. Most
maintenance products are available for purchase in shoe stores, online, and through eBay.
Properly maintained shoes will last longer, so while the initial expense for the cleaning and
maintenance products may seem high, it will help prolong the life of the shoe and save the
wearer money in the long run.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
52

EXERCISES-
Q1. Draw a full anatomy of a men’s shoe and try to label
Q2, Draw your own imaginary brand of Sportswear ad color it with any media and present
it with mood board and color palette according to S/S ’15.
Q3. Contact a major shoe manufacturer to request them for photographs of the styles they
produce. In a written presentation or PPT accompany each picture and their types of
apparel with which it is to be worn.
Review
questions-‐
Q1.
Explain
5
types
of
Shoes
with
the
help
of
diagram.

Q2.
Explain
the
different
methods
of
protecting
leather
shoes?

Q3.
Explain
the
terminologies-‐:

1.
Puff

2.
Quarter

3.
Outsole

4.
Shank

5.
Heel
Seat

Q4.
How
to
replace
the
insole
of
a
shoe?

Q5.
Draw
a
full
anatomy
in
a
profile
view
showing
a
female
anatomy
of
a
shoe
along
with
its
different

parts.

Q6.
Describe
the
term
designer
last
and
explain
how
does
it
help
to
make
the
formation
of
a
shoe?

Q7.
How
to
replace
heel
caps
and
laces?

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
53

UNIT
4
BELTS

Introduction

If it is the little details that make all the difference in life – the tasty coffee you had with
breakfast, that simply delicious pasty you had for lunch, (apologies for the solely food based
references) – then it would be fair to say that the same is probably true of style and fashion. In
every outfit, the little touches and your attention to detail could mean the difference between a
great look and the perfect look.
There have been many excellent articles produced in recent weeks, each extolling the virtues of
paying attention to the smaller details of our outfits. From neck ties to pocket squares to patterns,
the general consensus is that they are all very important and really do need careful consideration.
Accessories are definitely an aspect of our style that needs a great deal of thought, as they – more
than anything else – represent our individuality and our personality.
However, these finer details suffer from one big problem. Contrary to what the wide variety of
accessories on offer might lead us to believe, they aren’t actually necessary. To create a stylish
look you don’t necessarily need jewelery or extra pieces of fabric – simplicity can often work
just as well. I’m sure we can all agree that adding those final touches can in some circumstances
improve an outfit, but it is by no means a guarantee.
There is no set of rules that requires us to wear a tie bar or go all out with a polka dot bow tie,
and this has the propensity to lead to complacency. Certain accessories can often be overlooked
simply because they are either entirely practical or lack the ‘wow factor’ of other items. We
overlook them because they are just a normal part of our outfits, much the same as our jeans,
shirts and jumpers.
The humble belt is just one such item. Yes, we all own belts, but how much of a role to they
actually play in our looks? Are they integral to the overall image or is it just being used to hold
up your trousers? The belt can make just as much of a statement as a loud pair of socks or
neckerchief, but you may not have thought of it yet. So in the hope of enlightening those still in
the dark, or perhaps inspiring those that are already aware, here is the Fashion guide to men’s
belts.
Men’s Belts
To begin with, I think it’s important to raise a few of points regarding belts and their use. Firstly,
the sign of a well fitting pair of trousers, jeans, chinos or whatever you happen to be wearing is

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
54

their capability to stay up without a belt; this is particularly true of suits. In my personal opinion,
a suit – or even just the suit trousers – should never be worn with a belt.
Suit and/or smarter trousers are normally tailored and designed for the person wearing them,
therefore they should fit perfectly. If not, trying another size or visiting your local tailor is the
best way forward. Belts need not be a requirement; they should not be the only thing between
your arse and a sudden cold breeze, you should only wear a belt because it enriches your look.
Secondly, match your leathers. The debate on brown shoes with black trousers is still raging
fiercely, but the same cannot be said for anything else; black shoes, black belt, brown shoes,
brown belt. However, remember that this does not apply to every style. You won’t be wearing
any multicolored or striped shoes anytime in the future so, unless you are purposely trying to
make a statement, it would be worth matching your prominent belt colour to at least one other
aspect of your outfit.
If you wish to achieve any sort of sartorial acceptability then your novelty belt buckles will have
to go. Whilst your Superman belt buckle might have worked when you were fifteen and you had
great laughs writing absolutely hilarious messages on your LED display board buckle, they
aren’t going to work in any sort of outfit now. Clean and simple (as with almost everything in
fashion) is the way forward.
Although the list of things we recommend you to invest in only seems to get longer, the case for
the spending a bit more on your belt is very strong. All the usual rules apply: A better quality
material = longer lasting and better looking. You might also find that cheaper leather stretches a
lot quicker and more vigorously with regular use, especially if you are having to use it to hold
your trousers up and are pulling it a bit tighter than it should go in relation to your waist. Spend
some money on your leather wear and you won’t regret it.
The Formal Belt-

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
55

Fig 1.2 Showing various brands and design of executive/formal belts.
Belts can for the most part be easily sectioned into casual and formal, so certain styles are
indicative of particular situations or purposes. For example, a plain, unfussy, slim, leather belt
with a small buckle will be best suited to the more formal end of the scale whilst a coloured,
fabric belt will be more at home in casual outfits.
Despite my previously stated objections, I do understand that some men will inevitably have to
wear a belt with their formal wear; whether it is because their waist is an odd size, they can’t
afford new trousers, they haven’t got around to taking them to the tailors yet, OR you might just
think that wearing a belt with your formal wear looks more professional than without.
If this is the case then your first port of call should be a slim, plain black or brown (depending on
shoe colour), leather belt with either a silver or gold buckle. Silver is perhaps the more subtle
colour of the two and would be most appropriate for the office or formal occasions. You might
also consider, should you be a fan of something a little chunkier, the slide buckle. However,
remember that attention should be paid to the overall look and weight of the buckle – too casual
and you risk making yourself look like a skater that hasn’t quite got the hang of a suit.
Although I have only highlighted a couple of styles with regards to the formal end of the scale,
this doesn’t mean there is no middle ground. If your situation allows (either work has a more
relaxed attitude to uniform or the event allows more playfulness) and you feel that a belt could
help make something of a worthwhile statement, and then you might want to consider opting for
a more casual style. A brown or black leather plaited belt could be a good starting point as it still
retains the formality of material and colour but the design is more casual and unstructured.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
56

TOPMAN BLACK SLIM LEATHER BELT
BEN SHERMAN REVERSIBLE BELT
TED BAKER LEATHER BELT
PAUL SMITH CHOCLATE LEATHER BELT

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
57

CRIDO BY BOSS BLACK
BALENCIAGA POLISHED LEATHER BELT
GAVRILO BY HUGO

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
58

AUSTIN REED BROWN PLAIT BELT
FRENCH CONNECTION PLAITED LEATHER BELT
The casual belt-:

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
59

The Casual Belt
The
casual
belt
is
thankfully
a
much
more
versatile
and
variable
accessory
than
the
formal
styles.
You

are
not
tied
to
a
particular
uniform
so
you
have
more
freedom
in
what
you
want
to
wear
–
what
style,

what
size,
what
colour
and
what
type
you
choose
is
pretty
much
endless.
The
same
goes
for
choice
of

buckle;
please
note
however
that
I
am
still
not
endorsing
the
silly
novelty
buckles,
no
one
needs
to
know

that
you
are
lying
about
your
love
of
Jack
Daniels
with
a
belt.

The
vast
majority
of
casual
belts
need
not
be
overly
complex;
unless
you
are
looking
specifically
to
make

a
statement
(see
below)
then
you
are
probably
better
off
keeping
the
colours
and
material
simple.
The

leather
colour
rule
still
applies,
but
you
might
find
you
want
to
vary
the
shade
more
to
avoid
taking
your

colour
matching
to
anorak
levels.

Standard casual leather belts will generally be wider and have a larger buckle to better suit larger
and more bulky jeans. You will also notice a great deal of variation in buckle style, ranging from
the slider buckle to the D ring buckle. The choice is entirely personal preference and will depend
on what kind of look you are trying to achieve and to what extent you require it to hold up your
trousers.
A canvas, fabric, woven or standard belt will work very well with chinos and when you want to
channel a little Riviera chic into your wardrobe. A subtle blue or white belt makes a good
combination when paired with stone or navy chinos, but it would also be worth trying to match it
to one of the colours in your shirt (should you be wearing one), just to create some outfit
coherency.
The plaited belt is another worthwhile option here and is quite possibly one of the most versatile
casual belts available. It suits many key trends and adds a hint of individuality and character
effortlessly. To be even more unique, why not try a suede example?
Below pictures are some well known luxurious casual belts collection-
AMI WOVEN LEATHER BELT.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
60

FED PERRY WEBBED BELT
FRENCH CONNECTION TOOL WEBBING LEATHER BELT
JEAN SHOP COTTON CANVAS BELT

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
61

BARBOUR STRECH OLIVE BELT
POLO RALPH LAUREN CANVAS BELT
TOPMAN BROWN SUEDE BELT
DIESEL BOVELS CUFF BELT

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
62

The Statement Belt-
If
you
really
want
to
make
your
belt
work
for
you
–
as
a
key
feature
as
well
as
an
accessory
–
you
have
to

go
all
out
and
make
a
bold
statement.
Whether
you
do
it
with
block
colours,
bold
patterns
or
a
mixture

of
both
you
have
to
make
a
point
and
mean
it.
There
is
little
point
in
you
going
half
way;
you
may
as
well

be
out
there.

If
you
go
for
a
pattern,
you
could
still
try
to
co-‐ordinate
with
the
outfit
as
a
whole.
Think
of
it
in
a
similar

way
as
you
would
choose
a
tie,
picking
a
subtle
colour
and
matching
it
(not
necessarily
shade
specific).
If

the
belt
has
leather
ends
(e.g.
buckle
straps)
then
it
would
still
be
worth
matching
it
to
your
other

leather
items.
This
won’t
of
course
correspond
to
those
wearing
trainers
or
shoes
of
a
less
popular

colour
(green,
blue
etc).

The
statement
can
be
as
bold
as
you
want
it
to
be,
but
you
must
still
consider
what
kind
of
look
you
are

aiming
for.
An
outfit
that
relies
on
simple,
classic
items
for
a
clean,
refined
and
stylish
look
will
not
work

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
63

well
with
a
bold
block
colour
belt
–
the
contrast
will
be
too
stark.
Stick
to
a
subtle
pattern
with
brighter

colours,
something
with
a
simple
stripe
will
do
just
fine.

A block colour belt (such as the one below from Topman AAA) is a great way to add colour and
individuality to any outfit, so long as it is appropriate and considered. You could try pairing a
block coloured belt with some tailored grey trousers and a white shirt for a great formal/casual
crossover; throw on some loafers and you have a very wearable spring/summer outfit. Utilizing a
block colour belt will create a very obvious divide between the top half of an outfit and the
bottom, so you could also consider being a bit more playful with the other colours in your outfit
– using the belt as a separator.
The statement belt will work in much the same way as a casual belt but it will definitely play a
bigger role in any outfit you choose to create. By being careful with colour or pattern choices,
you can add flashes of colour and sparks of personality without shouting about it.
TOPMAN NAVY PRINTED ANCHOR BELT
DENIM & SUPPLY BY RALPH LAUREN NAVAJO BELT
RIVER ISLAND AZTEC BELT

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
64

LEATHER BELT GAVRILO-F BY HUGO
TOPMAN AAA BLUE LEATHER BELT
AUSTIN REED BRIGHT BLUE LEATHER CANVAS BELT 35MM

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
65

RED WOVEN BELT BY TYLER
PAUL SMITH SHOES & ACCESSORIES STRIPED CANVAS BELT
POLO RALPH LAUREN STRIPED GROSGRAIN BELT

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
66

FOLK YOUNG BELT MULTI COLOUR
ANDERSONS MULTICOLOURED ELASTIC BELT
ETRO WOVEN COTTON BELT

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
67

Belts as a regular must have accessory-
The belt is an often underestimated accessory; its purpose is almost entirely practical and the vast
majority of people will have been brought up on a diet of black or brown leather. However, to
ignore an item that can have such a big impact on the overall aesthetic of an outfit would be
naive – they deserve more consideration.
These days the choice of men’s belts on the market is almost endless, almost guaranteeing that
there will be a belt that suits your personal style. It’s just a case of finding the one that is most
appropriate. You could of course have more than one though – how about 5, or 10? But that
would just be silly.
A Fashion Belt is a flexible band, typically made of leather or heavy cloth, and worn around the
waist. Belts are an integral part of every Western outfit - be it jeans or dresses or trousers. Belts
support trousers or other articles of clothing and serve as style and fashion accessories.
Belts serve both functional & decorative purpose. They may be used to shape a garment so it fits
the body at, above, or below the anatomical belt. Belts are a means to keep the skirts & trousers
in place. Belts in classic antiquity were mostly of the sash type used to bring loose fitting
garment close to the body at various places. In the middle Ages, as fitted garments were made,
belts became important and man’s or woman’s wealth could be determined by the richness of his
or her linked, elaborately jeweled belt. Contemporize belts are influenced by fashion.
Belts have been documented for male clothing since the Bronze Age. Both genders used them off
and on, depending on the current fashion. In the western world, belts were more common for
men, with the exception of the early Middle Ages, late 17th century Mantua, and skirt/blouse
combinations between 1900 and 1910. Art Nouveau belt buckles are now collector's items. In
the period of the latter-half of the 19th century and up until the First World War, the belt was a
decorative as well as utilitarian part of the uniform, particularly among officers. In the armed
forces of Prussia, Tsarist Russia, and other Eastern European nations, it was common for officers
to wear extremely tight, wide belts around the waist, on the outside of the uniform, both to
support a saber as well as for aesthetic reasons. These tightly cinched belts served to draw in the
waist and give the wearer a trim physique, emphasizing wide shoulders and a pouting chest. In
modern times, men started wearing belts in the 1920s, as trouser waists fell to a lower line.
Before the 1920s, belts served mostly a decorative purpose, and were associated with the
military. Moreover, prior to that, trouser did not even have belt loops. In sports, trousers with
belt loops were present in the 19th century already. Today it is common for men to wear a belt
with their trousers.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
68

TIPS FOR BUYING (SELLING) THE RIGHT BELT:
Belt length: Dress belts should have a few inches of leather to the left of the buckle once it’s
fastened. Enough to tuck under your first belt loop, or the loop on the belt if it has one, is a good
rule of thumb. Casual belts have a little more room for flexibility, but an overly long tail end is
always an awkward look.
Belt Buckles: The bigger your belt buckle the less formal it is. Dress belts typically have very
small, flat belt buckles (and tend to be narrower belts themselves). Larger buckles with rounded
shapes are common on more casual styles.
Belt Color: Leather should always match leather. That rule stays with you in dress and casual
wear: brown leather shoes go with a brown leather belt, and black with black. Glossy belts
should be paired with highly-polished shoes; matte shoes go with matte belts. If you’re wearing
casual shoes that aren’t made of leather, you have more freedom to work with. Rare animal
patterns can be very expensive, but should still be considered casual wear. A very high-quality
ostrich-skin belt is too ostentatious for a business setting Snakeskin and other reptilian patterns
are eye-catching options as that’s where people’s eyes will be going if the belt is the most
distinctive part of the outfit.
BELT BUCKLE
The buckle or clasp is a device used for fastening two loose ends, with one end attached to it and
the other held by a catch in a secure but adjustable manner. These can come in a number of
shapes and sizes depending on the current fashion trend.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
69

TYPES OF BELTS-
Crushed Belts
This type of crushed belt is made using satin fabric, soft leather or velvet. It
is a cut straight belt that uses soft interfacing material and lining fabric for
backing.
Straight Belt
Straight belts can come in any width and the length depends on your waist length size. This type
of belt appear straight as the name suggest and has a clasp or buckle fastener.
Shaped Belt or Contour Belt
Shaped belts are made using two patterns. The front of the belt is made to
look wide and the back is narrower. This belt type is made with top fabric
and interfacing. Lining fabric is used for backing and any fastening
choice.
Buckled Belt

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
70

Buckled belts come with buckles where the end of the left side is made for buckle and the end of
the right side is where the buckle goes through.
Soft Belt
Soft belts are usually made to fasten like a tie, this is why it is called a tie belt. You tie the tie
belt in soft bow and knot it loosely.
Clasp Buckle Belt
In this the ends finish off with a clasp rather than a buckle.
Decorative Belt Styles
Fashion belts can come with decorative appearances such as top stitching,
sequins or any other embellished materials.
Chain belt- belt made of various size of chain. It may be a single chain or a series of chains
looped to medallions or imitation jewels at intervals.
Braided belt- belt made by plaiting narrow strips of leather, vinyl, elastic, fabric that may have
buckle.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
71

Cummerbund- wide fabric belt sometimes pleated lengthwise and fastened at back. Worn with
men’s semiformal dinner suit also worn by women. It is copied from wrapped cloth belts worn in
eastern countries. It is usually wide in front and narrower in the back.
Sash- any belt of soft material that loops over and ties in a knot or bow rather than buckling.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
72

CLASSIFICATION OF BELTS
Belts can also be classified according to their shapes:
1. Straight: Long Strip of material that can be stiffened with the help of interlining.
2. Contour: Shaped according to the curve of hipline/ waist.
How to Choose & Wear the Perfect Belt
The Oxford Dictionary describes a belt as “A strip of leather or other material worn,
typically round the waist, to support or hold in clothes or to carry weapons.”
But let’s dig deeper, shall we? First of all, what is a belt really about?
Holding up trousers? Sure. But there’s more to it than that. They can be used to make a style
statement, add a personal touch to formal wear, create a clear distinction between your top and
bottom half, tie an outfit together, and much more.
In order to make the very most out of this classic accessory, your choices should be informed,
reflect your personality and, in the end, improve whatever you’re wearing.
With this in mind, we bring you the complete guide to men’s belts…
Belt Sizing ABC
Do you know your belt size? It is often indicated in inches or centimeters.
This number corresponds to the length of the tour of the strap – measured from the buckle to the
mid hole – which is where it should be fastened, allowing for slightly higher or lower waist
trousers and the natural variations in waist circumference we all go through:
However, some brands choose to size their belts in the same way they do clothing (S, M, L, XL),
which often comes with a waist range, such as 34″-36″:

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
73

Formal Belts
Your formal belt – the one you’ll wear with tailored trousers and suits, and nothing else – should
be completely understated.
It will be 2.5 – 3.5cm wide, made of fine leather and come in brown, black or another subtle
colour. You want your formal belt to discreetly finish off your outfit and play a supporting role
to whatever you’re wearing, never steal the show.
Formal attire is all about advertising you. For this reason, a silly distraction (such as a ‘quirky’
belt) may quickly turn you into an undesirable ‘product’. Make sure your belt and shoes match
and stay away from loud buckles.
The strap can have a subtle pattern, such as a fine weave, leather grain or patent finish, but that’s
it. Leave contrasting stitching for your casual belts.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
74

EXERCISES-:
1. From the fashion magazine of Elle, Vogue, Harper’s Bazaar cut out photographs of belts
that are featured for the season. Each pictures/photograph should be mounted on the
display board and described in terms of material and its use.
2. Collect as many as belts form your closet, families and friends and note down its color,
brand, features and trimmings and ornamentation.
Review
questions

Q1. How to wear a perfect sized belt? List out different classification of belts and their uses.
Q2. Write short notes on 5 types of belts. Explain with the help of diagram.

Q3. What are formal belt? List various brands of formal belt.
Q4. What is the difference between statement belt and casual belt?
Q5. Describe the role of belts in fashion for men’s and women’s in apparel industry.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
75

UNIT
5
SCARVES

SCARVES-‐:
Unlike shoes, handbags, and other intricately product accessories, scarves are simple
to make. Natural fibers like silk, wool, and cotton and also host of other manmade fibers serve
the basic fabric allocation for scarf. Some are silk screened to create a design that parallels a
painting or a art work, whereas others are cut from rolls of fabric that have printed or dyed with
solid colors before being cut or sewn. Others are knitted and constructed to desired sizes.
The motifs range from typical paisley to floral prints to geometric pattern. The edges are hand
rolled and hemmed whereas for mass production it is machine stitched with different stitch
styles.
The scarves are made into oblongs, squares, triangles, rectangles depending on the final use.
Sequins, beads, fringe and other trimmings are used to enhance some design.

Scarf, Shawl, Wrap and Stole
All four names represent finished pieces of fabric that are worn. They can be made from natural
fibers such as silk, cashmere, wool, cotton and linen, or man-made fibers such as acrylic and
polyester.
SHAWL
A shawl refers to a larger item, usually rectangular, but
sometimes triangular or square in shape that can be wrapped
around the body. Shawls are worn by men and women. They add
a lovely finishing touch to an outfit and can be worn for warmth
or can be purely decorative or both.
Shawls are used to accent an outfit, to keep the chill out, for
prayer and to cover bare shoulders in formal attire; in short, a
highly versatile addition to anyone’s wardrobe.
The model above wearing a pashmina shawl.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
76

STOLE
A stole is very similar to a shawl. The term probably derives from the ancient Roman stola, which is the
woman’s version of the men’s toga. The term stole today is usually used to describe a formal wrap,
basically a shawl made of an elegant fabric, often not as wide as a shawl, but long enough to drape around
the body. The word stole is also used to describe a wide decorative sash that is draped over the shoulders
as in a graduation.
SCARF
Scarves can be thin and long: think of a typical winter wool scarf. In other words, an item that
can be wrapped or tied around your neck for warmth and fashion. Scarves can also be long and
thin or not so thin if the fabric is very fine, and tied around your neck to add a decorative accent
to your wardrobe. These can be casual or formal fashion accent. Beautiful silk scarves are used
by both men and women for this purpose. Scarves can also be square; small ones, usually around
53cm (20.5”) are called bandanas, neck scarves or neckerchiefs and are made of a light material,
usually silk, but also cotton and linen.
90cm (36”) square scarves are called “foulards” and are the classic women’s scarf, once again
usually made of silk, but not always. It’s a versatile size that can be worn as a head scarf, or
around the neck or waist.
And last but not least are oversized square scarves which are 120cm-140cm (47” -55”) that can
be worn as a head scarf, wrapped around the shoulders as a shawl or worn around the hips. This
size is becoming quite popular for men as well, wrapped around the neck in loose folds.
The above picture showing knotted scarf in floral print pattern.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
77

MATERILAS USED
Alpaca:
Alpaca scarves are made from wool of the alpaca, a domesticated species of South American
camelid. Alpaca fleece is a lustrous and silky natural fiber similar to sheep’s wool, but warmer
and softer.
Cashmere:
This soft, luxurious fabric is made from the wool of the Cashmere goat. It is light in weight and,
when handled with care, becomes softer with time.
Cotton:
Classic and easy, cotton is staple for its ability to be laundered and its durability. It’s a cool
fabric, perfect for summer wear.
Jersey:
This stretchy, soft cotton is breathable and light-weight. Jersey is an ideal pallet for beading,
studding, sequins, and other embellishment.
Linen:
Promoted for its coolness, linen is often considered the most breathable fabric of the bunch. It is
made from the fibers of the flax plant.
Pashmina:
Pashmina refers to a type of shawl or scarf made from the cashmere wool of the pashmina goat.
Satin:
Satin is a glossy, soft fabric most often made from silk or polyester. Satin comes in several forms
or weaves, which may vary in shine, thickness, flexibility, and weight.
Silk:
Silk is a natural protein fiber obtained from the larvae cocoons of the mulberry silkworm. It can
be shiny or matte in luster, and is especially delicate.
Wool:

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
78

Wool comes from the fleece of sheep and other animals. It’s very warm, durable, and with
proper care should last you for years.
HISTORY OF SCARVES
1350 B.C. Egyptian Queen Nefertiti wears a finely woven scarf topped by a conical headdress.
230 B.C. Warriors of the Chinese Emperor Cheng don scarves made of cloth, which mark military rank.
10 A.D. Romans wear a linen kerchief or “sudarium” (Latin for “sweat cloth”) knotted around the waist
or around the neck.
1261 Egyptians adopt a dance style known today as belly dancing. Costumes include a scarf-like belt
worn low on the hips.
1786 Napoleon Bonaparte is said to send his first wife Joséphine de Beauharnais cashmere scarves from
India during his travels.
1783 The Third Duke of Krakow is said to invent the knit scarf in this year.
1810 Renowned composer Beethoven falls in love with Therese Malfatti and in hopes to win her heart,
adopts a new look including fashionable suits, shirts and silk neck scarves.
1837 Hermes, French ready-to-wear retailer famous for its graphic silk scarves, is born.
1837 Queen Victoria comes to throne and popularizes fanciful accessories such as scarves. In the
Victorian era in particular, these accessories aid to differentiate between the upper, middle and lower
classes.
1856 Burberry, maker of iconic plaid scarves, is founded.
1914 The knitting of scarves becomes a patriotic war-time duty in the United States.
1930 Fur scarves are at the height of fashion in France.
1970 It is popular to wear scarves as a headband across the forehead and wrapped about the waist and
chest as shirt.
2004 France passes a law that bans the wearing of Muslim head scarves in public schools

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
79

SCARF SIZES
Scarf sizes are so diverse that there is, literally, a size for everyone. These little lengths (or large
swaths) of fabric that we wrap about us for warmth, comfort, stature, elegance or frivolity are a
broad canvas for the Bead Artist. Scarf size measurements vary among designers; even
traditional sizes will vary depending on hemming technique or whether the measurements
include the trim.
Bandanas & Neckerchiefs - commonly 22"x22" (56x56cm) squares of cotton, but can be of any
fabric.
Shawls - rectangles (generally length is 1-1/2 times the width) or large squares folded as
triangles.
Stole - presumed a rectangle significantly longer than it is wide and well covers the arms and
shoulders.
Wrap - fully wraps the figure, generally twice the length of the width.
Throw - often an oblong at least an arm's breath 50" (127cm) wide.
HERMES AS A PROMINENT SCARF BRAND
Hermès International S.A., Hermes of Paris, or simply is a French
manufacturer established in 1837, today specializing in leather, lifestyle accessories,
perfumery, luxury goods, and ready-to-wear. Its logo, since the 1950s, is of a carriage with
horse.
The scarf or carré was introduced in 1937. One of the first, which was a print of white-wigged
females playing a popular period game, was a custom-made accessory named Jeu des Omnibus
et Dames Blanches. Hermès oversaw the production of its scarves throughout the entire process,
purchasing raw Chinese silk, spinning it into yarn, and weaving it into fabric twice as strong and
heavy as most scarves available at the time.
The company's scarf designers spend years creating new print patterns, individually screen-
printed. Designers chose from over 70,000 different colors. When scarf production first began, a
dedicated scarf factory was established in Lyon, France; the same year, Hermès celebrated its
100th anniversary.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
80

Contemporary Hermès scarves measure 90 cm × 90 cm, weigh 65 grams and are woven from the
silk of 250 mulberry moth cocoons. All of the hems are hand-stitched. Scarf motifs are wide-
ranging; two silk-scarf collections per year are released, along with some reprints of older
designs and limited editions. And two collections per year are introduced in a Cashmere/silk
blend. Since 1937, Hermès has produced over 2,000 unique designs; the horse motif is
particularly famous and popular. The seen-everywhere "Brides De Gala" version, introduced in
1957, has been produced more than 70,000 times. A Hermès scarf is sold somewhere in the
world every 25 seconds; by the late 1970s more than 1.1 million scarves had been sold
worldwide.
The scarves have been worn by several celebrities such as:
• Worn by Queen Elizabeth II in a portrait for a 1956 British postage stamp.
• Worn by Princess Grace Kelly in a photograph on the cover of a 1956 issue
of Life magazine.
• Was used as a sling by princess Grace for her broken arm.
The above pictures showing different design of silk scarves
This above picture is of a stole in knot style.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
81

CARE OF SCARVES-:
Like any other fabric accessory, care should be given according to the fibres used in the
construction or making of scarves. Silk scarves that are costly should be professionally dry
cleaned to ensure continuous comfort as should the woolen varieties. Those made of cotton,
linen, or launder able man-made material may be washed according to the directions on the
hangtags. Since many types are worn directly around the neck, he natural oils from the hair and
body tend to spoil them. In this case, regular cleaning is recommended.
Stoles, oblongs, and oversized scarves are often made of fur. They require the same care as any
fur garment, including cold storage during the summer months.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
82

EXERCISES-
1. Design a stole, scarf with geometrical, floral and paisley print and render it with any
media. Try to put it across a female model and knot it according to your design styling and
see how it looks.
2. List and paste pictures of scarves on the basis of the following surface ornamentation-:
• Digital print
• Screen print
• Batik
• Tie-dye
• Embroidery
• Hand painted.
3. List out 5 international scarf brands and present a mood board accordingly.
Review Questions
Q1. What is the material used for scarves. Explain 3 in brief.
Q2. What are the differences between scarf shawl wrap and stole?
Q3. What is the basic length of scarves?
Q4. Discuss Hermes as a major scarf producing international company and how they came to be
one of the most prestigious names in manufacturing scarves.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
83

DESIGN
RESEARCH-‐:

UNIT
6
DESIGN
RESEARCH
&
MARKET
SURVEY

INTRODUCTION
OF
DESIGN
REESEARCH-‐:

1. What
is
a
design
research?

Design Research is a complete amalgamation of fashion possibilities with a thorough work
process of what is available in current market as a trend and style. The process involves a
complete search of design planning, its origin process, the supportive agencies and marketing
possibilities keeping in mind the current fashion globalization. Here one has to understand the
previous product and identify its survival and also state its possibilities whether it will live longer
keeping in mind the changing fashion scenario every minute.
Extensive planning and current know how of the product is required. Here the designers and
fashion forecasters has to go through the concept, styling and color research and must super vise
the changes required for the next seasonal line or collection.
To begin the work, many designers use concept boards, to show their ideas to the management
team or a team of experienced designers. They make a collage of swatch, samples, color boards,
sketches of initial ideas known as layout sheet, and swipes (idea photos) cut out from magazine
to capture the mood or theme.
When the ideas are approved then designers refine and develop specific ideas for group and
individual apparel or product designs.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

THE
ASSIGNMENT-‐:

STUDENTS
HAVE
A
PREPARE
THE
FOLLOWING
FOR
DESIGN
RESEARCH-‐:

A.
CREATE
A
TREND
BOARD
OF
ANY
ONE
FOR
BAGS,
FOOTWEAR,
BELTS
AND
SCARFS
BY
INDIVIDUAL

STUDENTS.

HOW
TO
DO-‐:
YOUR
TREND
BOARD
MUST
INCLUDE
THE
FOLLOWING-‐:

1.
CHOOSE
AN
ESTABLISHED
TREND
IN
YOUR
LOCAL
MARKET
PLACE
(MARKET
SURVEY)

2.
CREATE
A
THEME
THAT
IS
CONSISTENT
WITH
THE
TREND

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
84

3.
INCLUDE
AT
LEAST
5
IMAGES
AS
EXAMPLES
OF
TREND
FOR
THE
PARTICULAR
ACCESSORY

4.
LABEL
EACH
EXAMPLES
WITH
DESIGNER
TAG,
BRAND,
REATAILERS
NAME
AND
PRICE
TAG

5.
INCLUDE
5
COLOR
SWATCH
INCLUDING
PANTONE
NUMBERS

6.
INCLUDE
2
ITEMS
OF
INSPIRATION
THAT
SUPPORT
YOUR
THEME

7.
WRITE
ONE
PARAGRAPH
UTILZING
CORREXT
FASHION
TERMINOLOGYTO
SUPPORT
OR
DESCRIBE

YOUR
DESIGN

YOUR
TREND
BOARD
MUST
BE
HAND
CREATED
AND
CREATED
IN

CAD
AND
WILL
BE
GRADED

ACCORDING
TO
PROPER
FORMAT.INCLUDE
AS
MANY
AS
PICTURES
AND
ELEMENTS
REQUIRED
TO
ADD

THE
PRESENTATION
OF
YOUR
ASSIGN
MENT.YOUR
FINAL
TREND
BOARD
NEED
TO
BE
MOUNTED
ON
A

15*
20
PRESENTATION
BOARD.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
85

UNIT
7
EXPERIMENT
WITH
MATERIALS
AND
FINAL
CONCEPT

• What
is
design
exploration?

Students need to go through a fashion historical survey for the last 5 years and see if there have
been any changes for any brand in comparison to design, color, style, accessories, and product
promotion. They need to go thought proper fabric and color study keeping in mind the current
trend of seasonal hues going for the current year.
They also need to make a sample of a product on the basis of the research work that they have
conduct and apply any procedure of designing and surface ornamentation to create a sample for
their display and make a documentation of hoe the entire procedure has been conduction, it can
be a group presentation or individual one.

THE
ASSIGNMENT-‐:
NO
1

STUDENTS
WILL
BE
EXPLORING
3
SKETCHES
FOR
ANY
2
OF
THE
FOLLOWING-‐:

• BAGS

• FOOTWEAR

• BELTS

THEY
HAVE
TO
MENTION
ITS
HISTORY
AND
CLASSIFICATION
WITH
PROPER
DIAGRAM
USING

ANY
3
DIFFREENT
MEDIUM
AND
WILL
BE
PRESENTING
TO
THE
RESPECTIVE
FACULTY
FOR

SUMISSION
WHICH
WILL
INCLUDE-‐:

1.
LAYOUT
SHEET
(7-‐10
SKETCHES
OF
DOODLING)

2.
FINAL
DESIGN
(FRONT
AND
BACK)
WITH
FLAT
AND
SPEC
SHEET

3.
FASHION
FIGURE
DRAWN
WITH
THE
FINAL
ACCESSORY
DESIGN.

THE
ASSIGNMENT-‐:
NO
2

STUDENTS
HAVE
TO
MAKE
2
SCARFS
AND
2
JEWELLERY
WITH
THE
FOLLOWING
MATERIALS-‐:

A.
SCARF-‐

1.
SILK
CLOTH
TI
BE
TAKEN

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
86

2.
METHOD
OF
APPLICATION
(MIXTURE
/SINGLE
APPLICATION
OF
BLOCK,
DYE,
BATIK,
HAND
PAINT,

EMBROIDERY,
SCREEN,
TIE
–DYE)

B.
JEWELLERY-‐:

STUDENTS
HAVE
TO
MAKE
ANY
JEWELLERY
OF
THE
FOLLOWING
(EAR
RING,
BRACELET,

CHOKERS,
PENDANT,
NECK
PIECE,
BANGLES
ETC)
WITH
THE
FOLLOWING-‐:

1.
PAPER
TECHNIQUE

2.
WOOD

3.
PLASTIC

4.
LEATHER
SCRAPS

5.
FEATHER

6.
BEADS
(PEARL,
WOOD,
PLASTIC,TERA-‐COTTA..)

7,
JUTE
ROPE
COILING

8.
COPEER
AND
ALUMINIUM
WIRE

9.
FABRIC

10.
BUTTONS
ETC………

An
example
of
a
design
exploration
and
how
to
work
on
it
is
given
below-‐:

1. Researching current fashion trends
2. An overview about how Fashion Designers create collections
3. Example of a Presentation of a Fashion collection development
4. Finding inspiration for your collection
5. Creating a mood board
6. Creating a trend board
7. Creating a storyboard
8. Work with a design brief

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
87

9. Colour selection
10. Research. Collect – images, colour samples, words that relate to your inspiration and trend
11. Sketching designs or your collection
12. Design proposals
13. Choosing the final designs
_____________________________________________________________________________
Mood
board.

Story
board.

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
88

UNIT
8
SAMPLE
EXPLORATION
&
SURFACE
ORNAMENTATION

• What
is
Sample
exploration?
How
the
students
do
get
benefited
by
doing

this?

“Creativity meets art and mind”. As it rightly say, product identification by developing any one
by self is utmost important for anyone to evaluate current style, reviews the style and cut and
developing silhouettes and also evaluating the opinion of he viewers.Expereince says that
fashion trends have a predictable degree of consumer acceptance over given time. Once a
product grows in popularity its demand increases henceforth its sales growth.
So in responding to the requirements of a merchandiser, the designer has to be capable of
producing a wide selection of prototype styles that are both innovative and adaptable to full scale
production methods. The designer’s primary job is to make full scale designs.

THE
ASSIGNMENT-‐:

A.
STUDENTS
HAVE
TO
GO
THROUGH
AN
EXPLORATION
DIFFERENT
FABRICS
AND
SAMPLES
OF

BAG,
ITS
SHAPES
AND
SIZES
AND
SURFACE
ORNAMENTATION
ACCORDING
TO
THE
THEME

GIVEN
BY
THE
RESPECTIVE
FACULTY
AND
MAKE
ONE
SAMPLE
USING
PAPER
AND
CRAFT

TECHNIQUE
AND
THEN
MAKE
A
REAL
SAMPLE
OUT
OF
THE
PROTOTYPE
WHICH
WILL
BE

PRESENTED
BY
THE
STUDENTS
IN
THREE
DIFFERENT
WAYS-‐:

1.
PHOTO
SHOOT
AND
STLYLING

2.
CAT
WALK
PRESENTATION

3.
POWER
POINT
PRESENTATION
WITH
EXPLANATION
OF
FABRIC
DESIGN,SKETCHES,INITIAL

LAYOUT
AND
DESIGN
IDEA
SHEET,
DESIGN
DEVLOPMENT,
FLAT
SKETCH,FINAL
BAG
(FRONT
AND

BACK),
FABRIC
SWATCH
AND
TRIMMING
SAMPLE
DETAILING).

This
booklet
is
not
for
any
commercial
purpose
nor
for
sale,
it
is
prepared
solely
for
the
purpose
of

private
and
internal
circulation
for
the
students
of
this
college
as
study
material.

FDDI/ACCESSORY
(CONTROLLED)[Type
text]
Page
89

UNIT

9
MERCHANDISE
INFORMATION
TERMINOLOGY

Here are some short Fashion terms which you need to find out by your own. Some you will be
finding from the book itself if you read thoroughly. By doing this the fashion terminology of
accessory design will improve ad will make you out of the edge over other designers. So get
some answers and try to consult with your subject teacher and have a fun interaction.
Platform shoe Baroque jewelry Saddles
Upper Rococo Jewelry Sandals
Vamp Costume Jewelry Slipper
Quarter Fusing Thongs
Sole Rolling metal Wedge
Midsole Cutting Satchel
Bottoms Drawing Wire Shoulder bag
Last Casting Drawstring
Doubling Bezel Settings Tote
Sock lining Prongs Soft side luggage
Espadrille Choker Molded luggage
Loafer Bibs Pump
Mary Jane Shawl self belt
Moccasin Cowboy Scarf Stole
Mule oxford Muffler Cummerbund
Cinch belt Contour belt Link belt
Rope belt
Sash

Accessory design studymaterial

Accessory design studymaterial

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Accessory design studymaterial

More from Aehshan Srivastav

Recently uploaded

Accessory design studymaterial