This document provides an overview of the academic research and writing process. It discusses the basic steps in creating a research paper, including choosing a topic, conducting research, and organizing the paper. The main parts of a research paper are also outlined, such as the introduction, body, and conclusion. Choosing a good research topic is emphasized, and tips are provided such as picking a topic you are interested in, ensuring there is available research, and developing a focused research question. The document serves as a guide for students on how to approach a research assignment.
are you struggling with writing the research paper? If yes, then here is the best ever PPT on how to write a research paper with perfection. Watch this PPT till the end to write the research paper with perfection.
These slides are related to our last event at the Sapienza University of Rome for the graduate students. Please follow our website: https://www.facebook.com/psa.sapienza
are you struggling with writing the research paper? If yes, then here is the best ever PPT on how to write a research paper with perfection. Watch this PPT till the end to write the research paper with perfection.
These slides are related to our last event at the Sapienza University of Rome for the graduate students. Please follow our website: https://www.facebook.com/psa.sapienza
How to Write A Research Paper? - Useful Tips For Successful Academic WritingResearchLeap
Academic writing is a style of writing that makes your work easier to read and understand. No matter how well versed you are with grammar, punctuation and other areas that come into play for writing papers, making a mistake with the content hurts your overall academic writing.
The purpose of academic writing is to make your work clear and understandable to whoever is reading and/or evaluating it. Another important part of academic writing is ensuring that your work is fully and correctly referenced. The tips in Research Leap Manual on Academic Writing contain practical methods of creating an academic paper which your readers will easily follow. With this guide, you will learn how to:
Choose a topic
Think (brainstorm)
Build an organized text
Write good introduction, thesis, body and conclusion parts
Format your writing
Reference your work
Get expert academic writing tips straight to your inbox, and become a better academic writer. Download our PDF manual right now from the attachment.
Your comment and feedback are highly appreciated. To receive other tips and manuals, and to expand your research network and access research opportunities, join us on Linked In or FB.
A firm grasp of scientific method and ability to write clearly and convincingly is a great assert to any professional in sciences.
Conducting research and publishing peer reviewed papers train professionals in both scientific method and writing. Moreover, having research papers in your resume is considered a huge plus in both industry and academia. However, conducting research and getting them published requires professionals to approach the problem and present their solutions form a unique angle. The talk will address research in general and writing research papers. Specifically, the talk will cover peer review process, what is a contribution?, and basic composition of
a research paper, describing potential pitfalls.
How to write a good Dissertation/ Thesis
Thesis refers to a written work on a particular domain resulting from original research. You should introduce your subject area and explain research topic by referring latest published materials instead of old published materials. The objective is to present a simple, clear and complete account of the results of your research.
• Brainstorm or generate ideas for your topic.
• Conduct a thorough literature search before designing your methodology and collecting your data.
Relate your findings to your original statement of the problem and your literature review.
Https://www.ThesisScientist.com
How to Write A Research Paper? - Useful Tips For Successful Academic WritingResearchLeap
Academic writing is a style of writing that makes your work easier to read and understand. No matter how well versed you are with grammar, punctuation and other areas that come into play for writing papers, making a mistake with the content hurts your overall academic writing.
The purpose of academic writing is to make your work clear and understandable to whoever is reading and/or evaluating it. Another important part of academic writing is ensuring that your work is fully and correctly referenced. The tips in Research Leap Manual on Academic Writing contain practical methods of creating an academic paper which your readers will easily follow. With this guide, you will learn how to:
Choose a topic
Think (brainstorm)
Build an organized text
Write good introduction, thesis, body and conclusion parts
Format your writing
Reference your work
Get expert academic writing tips straight to your inbox, and become a better academic writer. Download our PDF manual right now from the attachment.
Your comment and feedback are highly appreciated. To receive other tips and manuals, and to expand your research network and access research opportunities, join us on Linked In or FB.
A firm grasp of scientific method and ability to write clearly and convincingly is a great assert to any professional in sciences.
Conducting research and publishing peer reviewed papers train professionals in both scientific method and writing. Moreover, having research papers in your resume is considered a huge plus in both industry and academia. However, conducting research and getting them published requires professionals to approach the problem and present their solutions form a unique angle. The talk will address research in general and writing research papers. Specifically, the talk will cover peer review process, what is a contribution?, and basic composition of
a research paper, describing potential pitfalls.
How to write a good Dissertation/ Thesis
Thesis refers to a written work on a particular domain resulting from original research. You should introduce your subject area and explain research topic by referring latest published materials instead of old published materials. The objective is to present a simple, clear and complete account of the results of your research.
• Brainstorm or generate ideas for your topic.
• Conduct a thorough literature search before designing your methodology and collecting your data.
Relate your findings to your original statement of the problem and your literature review.
Https://www.ThesisScientist.com
How to write a research paper: How to write a research paper?
The research paper can be considered as the living thing which grows and changes as the student explores, interprets and evaluates sources related to a specific topic. Steps to write a research paper:
• Choose your topic.
• Begin your search.
• Making an outline.
• Write your paper.
What are the Different Database and Journal Sources for Identifying the Liter...PhD Assistance
Articles are typically the essential type of source for many kinds of research. PhD Dissertation Literature Review Help you to find articles on a topic is to search a database, which allows you to search for articles from hundreds of journals at once.
Literature Review Writing Services help to find significant research as well as studies that respond to major work.
It includes original material on which other research is based. These studies report on research done by experts in the field of study. It has how the survey was done, what was new, and what is the conclusion. The researchers collect the primary Source Data via Qualitative, Quantitative, or mixed studies. Dissertation Literature Review Writing Service includes an original form of written works that is the study published in the scholarly articles or academic journal that has a reputation on the psychology studies.
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Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies and understandings. This could include synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes.
This definition of research is consistent with a broad notion of research and experimental development (R&D) as comprising of creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.
This definition of research encompasses pure and strategic basic research, applied research and experimental development. Applied research is original investigation undertaken to acquire new knowledge but directed towards a specific, practical aim or objective (including a client-driven purpose).
The word journal comes from the French word jour and from the Latin word diurnalis meaning daily. Thus, a journal is some form of notebook in which daily writing (or at least regular writing) is recorded. Journals help people clarify their thoughts. Jotting down feelings, responses, and insights into daily events gives writers an opportunity to discover what they think and how they feel about different topics.
Original research articles constitute a major portion of academic journal publishing. These slides will help you with four important steps to of writing an original research article: choosing a research question, doing a literature search, structuring a manuscript, and formatting a research paper.
Chormvirak photo
Chormvirak at Camma\s
Leadership and Management
Moulsem Chormvirak Photo
AEON Specialized Bank at Sunway Hotel
Trainning
Chormvirak Moulsem
ការប្រឈមនៃការចំណាកស្រុករបស់ពលករខ្មែរទៅប្រទេសថៃ - Immigration of Cambodian to ...Chormvirak Moulsem
ការប្រឈមនែការចំណាកស្រុករបស់ពលករខ្មែរទៅប្រទេសថៃ - Immigration of Cambodian to Thailand for working Research Paper - Royal University of Laws and Economics Master Degree
The 7 habits highly effective teens slide presentation for PUC studentChormvirak Moulsem
Stephen R. Covey's book, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People®, has been a top-seller for the simple reason that it ignores trends and pop psychology for proven principles of fairness, integrity, honesty, and human dignity. Celebrating its fifteenth year of helping people solve personal and professional problems, this special anniversary edition includes a new foreword and afterword written by Covey exploring the question of whether the 7 Habits are still relevant and answering some of the most common questions he has received over the past 15 years.
The Company and its subsidiaries focus on operating its business taking into account the ethics and Good Corporate Governance,
including transparency and a commitment to promoting the interests of the economics, community and the environment through
its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies. As part of its CSR policies, the Company and its subsidiaries organize charitable
events encouraging its employees to participate in various activities, including environmental conservation, supporting sporting
events as well as supporting religious and cultural traditions to sustainably strengthen the society and community.
Walmart Save the Day - Management of-change-presentationChormvirak Moulsem
In most countries, supermarket chains create and manage well-oiled supply chains to offer consumers lower prices and dampen inflationary trends. Inflation in India is touching decade-highs. But then it’s a fallacy that in India it is always about low price’. Companies like Tata, Birla and Reliance have all attempted to enter food-and-grocery retailing in India with mixed success. Will Wal-Mart’s supply chain work in India
Kulen Mineral Water - NOW, EVERY CAMBODIAN CAN DRINK HEALTHY, NATURAL MINERAL...Chormvirak Moulsem
In the context of my studies, I had to do a three months internship in a foreign country. So I was looking for a good internship and a good country. I’m very interested by the wine business and the wine in general. So I wanted to do my internship in this sector to learn more about the marketing tools, strategies and habits of this market. Then, I was very attracted by the Asia, not by a special place but I really wanted to discover this continent.
By my network, I knew that a French businessman has created his own company in Cambodia. A marketing company which offer to communicate for big wine’s producers all around the world. I’ve heard that at this time, the company got one head office in Singapore, one operative unit in China and a representative office in Cambodia. So it sounds very interesting for me and in May 2013, I decided to apply to get an internship in the head office of Singapore.
Unfortunately, the company was not able to offer me an internship of three months in the head office because they don’t use to offer less than 6 months internship and also because they were already full in Singapore. But after one month, the CEO, M. Olivry emails me again to offer me an internship of three months in Cambodia mainly focused on the a mineral water local brand called “Kulara Water”. So, even if it was not what I expected first, after consideration, I accepted the offer. Mainly because all I’ve heard and ridden about Cambodia was very interesting and also because the mineral water is a very interesting product and market to develop in Cambodia.
To summarize, I prepared my first trip Alone, in Asia, during Three months. I think these are the main difficulties I’ve found in my internship. First, I had to change my way of think, understand a new culture and adapt myself to this country. This, I had to do it alone, with no parents here to take care, no friends etc… And of course, it’s not holidays in a five stars hotel during three weeks, no. Three months of living in the Khmer1 lifestyle.
20 liters per person per day from a source within 1 kilometer of the household is deemed sufficient for adequate drinking and personal hygiene.
Rural areas lag far behind cities in access to water with more than 653 million people using an unimproved water source or ground water.
In Siem Reap, it’s estimated that 4.6 million water bottles are generated by the tourism industry alone. That’s not including local consumption. That figure is based on the average visitor stay and daily consumption, and number of visitors per year.
Fisheries provides food security to the majority of the countries population in terms of protein and essential minerals and Vitamins as rice and fish constitute the stable diet of most Cambodians.
Comparative of Judaism’s Fasting and Islamic’s Fasting. Religion is the key that we well-known as the way to teach people live in an exceptional life. When people committed to different religious traditions come together to discuss common themes, they often find their own practices and understandings enriched and enlightened. Religion plays the importance role in human’s life in the loving-kindness way and global destiny as well as animal living. In the world’s history there are 3 main monotheistic religion which existed since the first world civilization born such as Judaism, Islamic and Christianity. These three main religion seem very similar to each other because they believe in only one god, they believe their religion’s bible which mean the Judaism believe in Torah while Islamic believe in Quran and Christianity believe in The new and the old testament yet the history of the bible has shown that they came from the same resource in Israel. In addition, Fasting is one of the most ritual in these religion notably Fasting between Judaism and Islamic.
Comparative religion - Comparative of Judaism’s Fasting and Islamic’s FastingChormvirak Moulsem
Religion is the key that we well-known as the way to teach people live in an exceptional life. When people committed to different religious traditions come together to discuss common themes, they often find their own practices and understandings enriched
and enlightened. Religion plays the importance role in human’s life in the loving-kindness way and global destiny as well as animal living. In the world’s history there are 3 main monotheistic religion which existed since the first world civilization born such as Judaism, Islamic and Christianity. These three main religion seem very similar to each other because they believe in only one god, they believe their religion’s bible which mean the Judaism believe in Torah while Islamic believe in Quran and Christianity believe in The new and the old testament yet the history of the bible has shown that they came from the same resource in Israel. In addition, Fasting is one of the most ritual in these religion notably Fasting between Judaism and Islamic.
Tum teav-story-part-3-to-part - Comparative Tum Teav PresentationChormvirak Moulsem
Romeo and Juliet is a classic literature which written by William Shakespare in the Renaissance period. The story was about the love argument of a couple because of their family feud. In the story we see two character which came from the royal family and have high rank in the city like The Prince and Mercutio. Even thought, they were the kin men but Mercutio and The Prince are completely different of their appearance or attitude, character trait as well as their action in the story.
In the plot of the story, we can see that Mercutio was a young boy who is temperamental and brave. He sometimes funny and like to play a lot with his friends like Romeo. Mercutio also a helpful man who can assist as advise and never betrayed his friends. In contrast, The Prince Escalus was a mature old man who represent of the law in the story. Not like Mercutio The Prince can control his anger and can solve the problem peacefully. His work in the story was very rigorous and justice.
Interesting topics for research proposal on motivation without wasting time o...Chormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
15 interesting dissertation topics on employee motivationChormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
Staff motivation - Employee motivation - A study on employees work motivation...Chormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
Bachelor thesis employee motivation and performance - Staff motivation and pe...Chormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
Employee motivation and performance - Staff motivation Chormvirak Moulsem
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
This bachelor thesis is focused on the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and
employee performance. The thesis is a literature research and thus a review by the work of others.
In earlier research on this topic conducted by Vroom (1964) was concluded that a positive
correlation between motivation and performance did not exist. However, later research proved
that it is indeed possible to motivate employees intrinsically and extrinsically to perform well. It
appears that when the organisation provides certain job characteristics, employees can be
motivated to perform well in the organisation. And it also appeared that intrinsic factors have
more effect on the relationship than extrinsic factors.
Culture - Cham People in Cambodia , Cham Culture Presentation.Chormvirak Moulsem
The Cham people in Cambodia form the largest minority in the country with about 300.000 people.
They are mostly concentrated along the Mekong and Tonle Sap River in Cambodia.
The Cham people were originally a people of an ancient kingdom from the Kingdom of Champa.
Cham people who follow Islam we call Muslims, and Khmer people who follows Islam we call Khmer-Islam.
CHAM:
Syncretic Islamic
Communities
in Vietnam
and Cambodia
January 20 – March 28, 2010
East-West Center Gallery, Honolulu, Hawai‘i
The Cham of Vietnam and Cambodia
are one of the most fascinating
communities in Southeast Asia today.
The Cham, descendents of the
Kingdom of Champa that once ruled
much of southern Vietnam developed
a vibrant civilization. Their achievements
were manifest in the building
of unique Cham temples (bimong)
that can still be found scattered
throughout the southern Vietnam.
Originally a Hindu empire, themajority
of Cham people converted to various
forms of Islam over
the centuries. Both
Hinduism and Islam
greatly influenced
Cham political,
religious, and
cultural life.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. Contents
1 Academic Research & Writing
2 Basic Steps in Creating a
Research Paper
3 Basic Parts of a Research Paper
4 Choosing a Research Topic
5 Creating a Problem Statement
3. 1 Academic Research & Writing
A research paper is an essay that
has been enhanced to include
information from researched sources
and to include citations for those
sources.
This is a simple answer and explains
the basic idea of a research
paper.
However, there are many other
factors that must be considered in
order to write a good research
paper.
4. Academic Research & Writing
The most important factor in a good
research paper is that you must include
yourself in the writing.
That is, your paper must reflect your own
thinking or analysis about your topic and
the information that you find.
Information might come from the Internet
or books or journals or newspapers or
magazines or surveys, or even
your grandfather.
Finding this information is called research.
5. Academic Research & Writing
There are basically two types of
research: primary research and
secondary research.
Primary Research is original, new
data that the researcher personally
gathers by conducting
surveys, experiments, interviews,
fieldwork or direct observation.
6. Academic Research & Writing
Secondary Research uses data that
have already been published.
That is, the researcher looks for
information on the Internet, or in
books, or in journals, magazines,
newspapers, reports or any other
type of source where data can be
found.
7. Academic Research & Writing
Papers are often written using a
combination of primary and secondary
research.
For this course, you will be asked to write
a paper based on secondary research.
Think of a research paper as basically an
essay: Introduction, body, and
conclusion.
Your essay will include what you already
know or think about a subject.
To this essay, you will add research.
8. Academic Research & Writing
Specifically, you will add
statements by experts or data
that agree with your ideas and
help you explain why you have
reached your conclusions.
Remember, a good research
paper is not just your ideas and
opinions, and it is not just a
collection of quotations and
paraphrases that you put together.
9. Academic Research & Writing
A good research paper is your ideas and
analysis supported by the best evidence
you can find.
As an example: Suppose you have been
assigned to write a paper about the
number one cause of traffic problems in
Phnom Penh.
First, you must read as many sources as
you can find on this topic.
A quick search of the Internet will turn up
many sources that discuss traffic
problems.
10. Academic Research & Writing
You might find studies conducted by
the Ministry of Public Works and
Transport.
You might find articles in newspapers,
such as the Cambodia Daily or
Phnom Penh Post or Rasmei
Kampuchea.
In addition, you could try non-
electronic sources such as looking in
a library for traffic manuals or other
traffic related materials.
11. Academic Research & Writing
You could even invite the municipal
traffic police chief to grant
you a brief personal interview.
Write notes when you find some
interesting facts in what you are
reading.
If someone has written or said or
said something clever or makes an
important statement, write it down,
word for word, as a quote.
Now, look at all your notes.
12. Academic Research & Writing
You should have many good ideas
about different causes of traffic
problems.
Choose the one that you think is the
most important reason for traffic
problems in Phnom Penh.
This choice is your opinion based on
information that you have researched.
This choice is the purpose of your
paper, what you want to prove to
your readers.
13. Academic Research & Writing
The point you want to prove to your readers
is called a thesis.
In other words, your paper will try to
convince your readers to agree with you
that your thesis, that is, your beliefs, opinions
and arguments, are valid.
Organize your ideas.
Decide what you want to make the main
points of your argument.
Decide which data and quotes from your
research you want to use to support your
main points.
Start writing your paper.
14. Academic Research & Writing
Remember that your paper is organized as an
essay: Introduction, body, and conclusion.
When you include an idea, work or words that
come from someone else (your research), you
must also attach a citation.
You can even offer some ideas on how you think
this problem could be solved.
Conclude your paper.
Proofread and edit your paper.
Attach a reference list after the last page
that lists all the sources you used to write your
paper.
Congratulate yourself.
You are a hero.
15. Academic Research & Writing
This is the kind of research paper
you will be asked to write most of
the time.
Here is a summary of the basic
steps described above.
16. 2 Basic Steps
in Creating a Research Paper
1. Choose a general topic.
2. Read as much as you can about your topic
and take notes.
3. Narrow your topic to a specific focus—your
thesis.
4. Organize your notes and make a tentative
outline.
5. Write the first draft of your paper. Include
citations and a reference list.
6. Correct and edit your draft.
7. Write the final draft.
17. 3 Basic Parts of a Research
Paper
As mentioned above, a research
paper is a kind of essay similar to
the essays you have already
learned to write.
Here is a summary of the basic
parts of a research paper.
18. Basic Parts of a Research Paper
1. Cover Page
2. Title Page
3. Abstract (Optional)
4. Introduction, including a thesis
statement
5. Body Paragraphs
6. Conclusion
7. References List
19. 1. Cover Page
The cover page should
be simple and
undecorated.
It presents the topic,
author, and course
information.
20. 2. Title Page
The title page should be
simple and undecorated.
It presents the topic,
author, and course
information.
21. 3. Abstract
Abstract is optional.
An abstract is an important part of long research
papers like theses and dissertations, the kind of
paper you would write for a high degree like MA or
PhD.
You will not need to include an abstract for the
kind of research papers required in this class.
An abstract is a kind of introduction to how you
have put your research paper together.
In an abstract, you explain the thesis of your paper
clearly.
You mention the goals you had for your paper and
what kind of research you conducted, how it was
conducted, and what results were obtained.
22. 4. Introduction
The introduction gives background
information to explain why your
topic is important.
The introduction is where you state
your thesis which is the point or
argument your paper is going to
prove.
23. 5. Body Paragraphs
The body paragraphs are the heart of your paper.
Here is where you make statements to prove your
thesis.
You back up these statements with evidence or
expert testimony.
That is, here is where you use elements of your
research to support your statements.
You lay out the facts you have discovered and
quote experts to support your arguments.
In the body paragraphs, you use in-text citation
each time you use words or ideas that came from
somewhere else, for your research.
24. 6. Conclusion
In the conclusion, you summarize
the overall contents and how you
have proven your thesis.
You can explain what you have
learned from the process and
make observations on what has
been accomplished.
25. 7. References List
The references list is a detailed list of all
the sources you used to write your paper.
Each entry in this list includes author
information, title information, and the
exact place where the information was
found.
It includes sources from where you
specifically used information, ideas, or
words.
It includes sources which added to your
background knowledge even if you did
not specifically quote or use the
information directly in your paper.
26. 4 Choosing a Research Topic
Now that you know what a research paper
is, it is time to get started.
Getting started is often the hardest part.
First, you will need to choose a topic.
To begin, make sure to carefully review the
instructions your teacher has given you.
Sometimes your teacher will give you a list of
topics to choose from and other times, you
will have the freedom to choose your own.
If your teacher has given you specific
instructions for the type of topic you must
write about, be careful to follow the
directions carefully.
27. Choosing a Research Topic
If you have not been assigned a specific
topic, you will have the freedom to
choose your own.
While it is nice to have a choice,
sometimes choosing your own topic can
be difficult.
It is important to choose a good topic,
because it will make the researching and
writing process much easier.
Below are some things you might want to
consider to help you choose a good
topic.
28. Choosing a Research Topic
Choose a topic that interests you.
You will be spending a lot of time
and energy researching and writing
your paper.
It will be a much more pleasant
experience if you are interested in
the topic you chose.
Is there something related to your
major or field of study that interests
you?
29. Choosing a Research Topic
Maybe you’re interested in a social issue,
something related to your hobbies,
something you studied in another class,
an article you read, or a movie you
watched?
Or maybe there is something you want to
know more about.
Choosing something that you want to
learn about is a great way to stay
interested in your project.
The more you are interested in your topic,
the easier it will be to spend time and
energy working on your research paper.
30. Choosing a Research Topic
Choose a topic with enough available
research to write your paper.
If the topic you choose is too specific,
very recent, or too obscure, you
might have trouble finding
information for your paper.
For example, if you choose to write a
paper on “The use of Facebook by
PUC students,” you will have a very
difficult time finding information.
31. Choosing a Research Topic
This might be a good topic if you were
doing primary research (gathering data),
but for the purposes of writing a
secondary research paper, you need to
choose a topic that is somewhat well-
known and well-researched so that you
will be able to find enough information.
If you are having trouble finding
information about your topic, you will
have to change your topic.
This will waste a lot of valuable time and
energy, and you may not be able to
meet your deadline.
32. Choosing a Research Topic
Choose a topic that is creative and interesting
to your readers.
Some topics have been researched over
and over again.
You should choose a topic that is creative
and original.
You don’t want your readers to be bored
when they read your paper.
If you do choose a research topic that has
been written about many times before, can
you find an interesting way to approach it?
It is important to choose a topic that is
relevant and discusses something that others
might be interested in reading about.
33. Choosing a Research Topic
o After thinking of a topic, it is important to
begin developing your topic.
o For example, maybe you want to choose
the topic of “global warming.”
o This is a very big and broad topic.
o You need to begin narrowing it down.
o For the purposes of this course, you are
not simply providing information or writing
a report.
o You are choosing a topic to make an
argument about.
34. Choosing a Research Topic
o You will have to gather information and then take
a position on or make an argument about the
information.
o You will use research to support your argument.
o If your topic is too big or broad, this will be very
difficult to do.
o The size of your topic needs to match the size of
your paper.
o If you are only supposed to write 3-5 pages, you
cannot possibly cover every aspect of global
warming.
o So when you are developing your topic, make sure
you keep the size of the assignment in mind.
35. Choosing a Research Topic
o So how do you narrow down your topic
and begin developing your ideas?
o There are a few different ways to do this.
o First, it is helpful to do some brainstorming.
o You can brainstorm in a lot of different
ways.
o Think about different issues and keywords
related to your topic.
o Sometimes simple searches on the
Internet can help you do this.
o You might also want to talk about the
topic with a friend.
36. Choosing a Research Topic
o Often, the best way to narrow down
your topic is to start reading some
research about it.
o Go to the library, check out books
about it, or look the general topic up
on the Internet.
o Coming up with a good research
topic is a process.
o It doesn’t happen all at once. It will
take time and lots of reading before
you come up with your final research
topic.
37. Choosing a Research Topic
o As you begin to brainstorm and
come up with ideas for your topic, it’s
helpful to write down some notes.
o One way to do this is to make a list of
all of the things you think of.
o Write down everything you have
read about and any ideas that you
have related to the topic.
o After doing this, you will have a lot of
keywords and ideas to chose from.
o Identify the issues or related ideas
that are most interesting to you.
38. Choosing a Research Topic
o In the example below, the student made a
long list of ideas related to the general topic
“global warming” and then selected the
ideas that were most interesting to her:
causes related to human activity,
international action, and countries
cooperating.
o Your brainstorming might look different. That
is okay.
o There is not one specific way that you are
required to do it.
o The point of brainstorming is just to get some
ideas down on paper and start narrowing
down your topic.
40. Choosing a Research Topic
o Once you have a basic idea for
the topic you want to explore,
continue to narrow down your
topic by adding context.
o There are many ways to do this,
but one way is to ask yourself some
questions about your basic topic.
o The questions below might be
helpful: Why, what, where, who,
when?
41. Choosing a Research Topic
WHY?
Why is your topic interesting or important?
What do you think about it?
Do you have an opinion?
Why do you want to research it?
WHAT?
Do people have different opinions about the
topic?
What are the major issues or controversies
related to the topic?
What are the different parts of your topic?
What is the problem?
42. Choosing a Research Topic
WHERE (Geographical Context)?
Where is your topic located?
Is it in a specific country, city, or
neighborhood?
Is there a specific location that is most
important to you concerning your topic?
WHO?
Who is involved in this topic or issue?
Does it affect people?
If so, who?
Do you know anyone or any organization
involved with this topic?
43. Choosing a Research Topic
WHEN (Historical Context)?
Is it happening now or did it
happen in the past?
Will it happen in the future? When
was the topic most important?
Should you focus on one time
period or do you want to talk
about how the issue has changed
over time?
44. Choosing a Research Topic
Try to answer some of these
questions about your topic.
Then decide which parts are most
important and interesting to you.
After you ask yourself questions,
you will come up with a much
more specific topic by choosing
some of the ideas you wrote
down.
45. Choosing a Research Topic
After you’ve narrowed down your topic,
it’s helpful to turn your topic into a
research question.
What do you want to find out about your
topic?
This question may change as you begin
your research.
That’s okay, but it’s important to
formulate a question so that you know
what kind of information you are looking
for when you go to the library or begin
searching for resources online.
47. Choosing a Research Topic
Once you have a research question, you are
ready to start conducting your research so that
you can answer the question in your paper.
The direction of the paper may change as you find
information.
That is okay.
Your research question is just meant to serve as a
guide and help you know what direction to go
when you are looking for information and writing
your paper.
The answer to your research question will be your
thesis, the argument in your paper, as discussed in
the previous chapter.
You can’t come up with your thesis or answer until
you’ve done some research.
48. Choosing a Research Topic
In the next chapter, you will begin
learning how to locate information to
answer your research question.
However, before you start doing your
research, it is helpful to come up with
some keywords related to your topic
that you can use to search for books,
articles, and other publications.
Below is an example of keywords the
student might use to search for
information related to her research
question.
49. Choosing a Research Topic:
Example 3
Keywords
Global warming
Human activity
Climate change
Green-house gases
International cooperation
International initiatives
Climate talks
International law
50. 5 Creating a Problem Statement
Choosing a topic is different from
creating a problem statement.
After you have chosen a topic, it does
not mean that you have a problem
statement.
Topic: Culture in the Making
51. Creating a Problem Statement
Problem Statement: This study will
examine how culture is changed or
evolved as human culture and society
change and evolve themselves.
It shall, in particular, focus on the various
aspects of culture in the making.
The words that make up your problem
statement explicitly reveal your purpose.
52. Creating a Problem Statement
You may choose your topic and
problem statement in order to:
1. Understand a restricted set of
phenomena.
2. Describe interrelations between
variables that are named in the
statement, e.g., human, culture,
society, time, space, need,
adaptation, etc.
53. Creating a Problem Statement
3. Offer potential solutions to a problem.
4. Limit the range of a problem to a
single issue or question.
Your problem statement provides a
framework for your entire writing.
Your conclusion must match/address
your problem statement in the same
way and manner that an answer must
satisfy the question.