1. The document discusses two perspectives of academic counseling: prescriptive counseling and developmental counseling. 2. Prescriptive counseling is directive and focuses on the counselor, who plays an active role in advising clients. Developmental counseling focuses on the client and is purposeful, coherent, and based on human development theories. 3. The document then explains the GROW model for counseling sessions, which involves setting goals, exploring reality through facts and feelings, discussing options, addressing barriers like negativity, and ensuring the client's will to carry out agreed actions.