this presentation gives information about the other routes of drug administration. This slide is useful for medicinal and pharma students

18. Iontophoresis
Phenophoresis

41. ROUTE /ONSET OF ACTION ABSORPTION MECHANISM DRUGS
Buccal/ Sublingual (3-5 mins) Passive diffusion, carrier
mediated transport
Nitrites and nitrates,
antianginals, nifedipine,
morphine, etc
Rectal (5-30mins) Passive diffusion Aspirin, Paracetamol,
Theophylline, etc
Transdermal (mins-hours) Passive diffusion Nitroglycerin, lidocaine,
scopolamine, etc
Subcutaneous (15-30mins) Passive diffusion Insulin, heparin
Comparison of different routes

42. Inhalation (2-3mins) Passive diffusion, pore
transport
Sulbutamol, cromolyn,
beclomethasone
Intramuscular (10-20mins) Passive diffusion,
endocytosis, pore transport
Phenytoin, dioxin, steroids
and antibiotics etc
Intranasal (3-5mins) Passive diffusion, pore
transport
Phenylpropylamine,
antihistamines
Intraocular Passive diffusion Atropine, pilocarpine,
adrenaline