The document provides an overview of building services engineering. It discusses the main industries (plumbing, electrical, heating/ventilation, refrigeration/air conditioning), key job functions, engineering systems, and relevant legislation/standards. The main industries each have distinct roles - plumbers work with water systems, electricians with power/lighting, etc. Job functions include gas fitters, plumbers, electricians, and roles focusing on installation, maintenance, heating/cooling, ductwork, and refrigeration. Engineering systems vary by industry but include electrical circuits, water, heating, and refrigeration/air conditioning. Legislation and standards regulate work requirements and competence in the field.
The document outlines the applicant's work experience in HVAC installation and repair spanning over 25 years, including current roles as an HVAC service technician and previous experience as an electrician, installer, and co-owner of an HVAC contracting business. Educational background includes vocational training at Ferris State University and certifications in EPA, geothermal systems, and business ethics. Relevant skills include expertise in HVAC installation and repair along with intermediate skills in electrical work and computer use.
Adam Wragg has over 20 years of experience as an electrical installation engineer, working in domestic, commercial, and industrial environments. He is JIB approved and holds qualifications including HNC Electrical and Electronic Engineering. He currently works as an Energy Management Electrical Engineer for Siemens, carrying out installations, surveys, reporting, and advising customers.
Timothy Fetzer is a senior facilities engineer with over 15 years of experience maintaining large commercial buildings. He has extensive knowledge of HVAC, electrical, plumbing, and general maintenance. Fetzer is responsible for operating and maintaining cooling and heating systems, performing preventative maintenance, responding to emergencies, and managing staff. He aims to provide excellent customer service and build strong relationships.
This document is a resume for Elsworth Busano providing his objective, education, work history and skills. It summarizes that he has an objective to obtain an electrical position utilizing his 900-hour electrician training certificate from Apex Technical School and experience as an electrician helper and in security. His work history includes positions at S&R Communications Plus as an electrician helper, Home Depot as a pro loader, and security positions at Bell Security and the Whitney Museum. His skills include electrical installation, maintenance, troubleshooting and various systems as well as effective use of tools.
Allied Consultants is a dynamic consulting firm established in 1997 that specializes in electro-mechanical building services. They provide consulting services for projects including design, technical assistance, and site supervision. The firm has extensive experience in various project types and differentiates itself through developing unique systems and procedures. Allied Consultants is led by experienced engineers and utilizes computer-aided design tools and an extensive library. They aim to provide high quality service and total solutions for clients' electro-mechanical needs.
The document provides a summary of Joshua D Rogers' contact information, skills, professional experience, certifications, training and availability of references. It details his 3 years of experience using Xactimate estimating software and several IICRC certifications. It also outlines his work history from 2015 to 2008 in property restoration and project management roles, demonstrating skills in communication, attention to detail, proper documentation, and safety compliance.
Vicente P. Prado Jr. is seeking a full-time job in a dynamic company in Dubai, UAE. He has over 15 years of experience in electrical engineering and commissioning roles. His experience includes commissioning engineering for Commtech and CML International in Dubai from 2014 to present and 2010 to 2014, respectively. He is skilled in electrical, HVAC, and fire protection system testing, commissioning, and monitoring. Prado is also experienced in electrical maintenance engineering, building maintenance, and substation roles in the Philippines from 2006 to 2005. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering.
The document outlines the applicant's work experience in HVAC installation and repair spanning over 25 years, including current roles as an HVAC service technician and previous experience as an electrician, installer, and co-owner of an HVAC contracting business. Educational background includes vocational training at Ferris State University and certifications in EPA, geothermal systems, and business ethics. Relevant skills include expertise in HVAC installation and repair along with intermediate skills in electrical work and computer use.
Adam Wragg has over 20 years of experience as an electrical installation engineer, working in domestic, commercial, and industrial environments. He is JIB approved and holds qualifications including HNC Electrical and Electronic Engineering. He currently works as an Energy Management Electrical Engineer for Siemens, carrying out installations, surveys, reporting, and advising customers.
Timothy Fetzer is a senior facilities engineer with over 15 years of experience maintaining large commercial buildings. He has extensive knowledge of HVAC, electrical, plumbing, and general maintenance. Fetzer is responsible for operating and maintaining cooling and heating systems, performing preventative maintenance, responding to emergencies, and managing staff. He aims to provide excellent customer service and build strong relationships.
This document is a resume for Elsworth Busano providing his objective, education, work history and skills. It summarizes that he has an objective to obtain an electrical position utilizing his 900-hour electrician training certificate from Apex Technical School and experience as an electrician helper and in security. His work history includes positions at S&R Communications Plus as an electrician helper, Home Depot as a pro loader, and security positions at Bell Security and the Whitney Museum. His skills include electrical installation, maintenance, troubleshooting and various systems as well as effective use of tools.
Allied Consultants is a dynamic consulting firm established in 1997 that specializes in electro-mechanical building services. They provide consulting services for projects including design, technical assistance, and site supervision. The firm has extensive experience in various project types and differentiates itself through developing unique systems and procedures. Allied Consultants is led by experienced engineers and utilizes computer-aided design tools and an extensive library. They aim to provide high quality service and total solutions for clients' electro-mechanical needs.
The document provides a summary of Joshua D Rogers' contact information, skills, professional experience, certifications, training and availability of references. It details his 3 years of experience using Xactimate estimating software and several IICRC certifications. It also outlines his work history from 2015 to 2008 in property restoration and project management roles, demonstrating skills in communication, attention to detail, proper documentation, and safety compliance.
Vicente P. Prado Jr. is seeking a full-time job in a dynamic company in Dubai, UAE. He has over 15 years of experience in electrical engineering and commissioning roles. His experience includes commissioning engineering for Commtech and CML International in Dubai from 2014 to present and 2010 to 2014, respectively. He is skilled in electrical, HVAC, and fire protection system testing, commissioning, and monitoring. Prado is also experienced in electrical maintenance engineering, building maintenance, and substation roles in the Philippines from 2006 to 2005. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering.
Integrated Safety Services (ISS) is an Egyptian engineering company that provides electrical, mechanical, fire protection, and civil contracting services. ISS designs, installs, tests, and maintains complex electromechanical systems and has expertise in areas such as electrical work, low current systems, HVAC, plumbing, firefighting, coating, and engineering. ISS prides itself on quality, timely project delivery, and reliability in order to meet client needs.
The document is a resume for Brian Johnson, who is a mobile facilities engineer with over 10 years of experience in facilities maintenance. He has an excellent rapport with colleagues and thrives under demanding workloads. His current role involves maintaining various sites for the BBC, including conducting fire alarm tests, emergency lighting testing, and correcting faults. He has qualifications in areas such as PAT testing, 17th edition wiring regulations, lifting and manual handling.
Karl has over 35 years of experience in project and facility management across various industries. He has worked on projects from inception through completion, ensuring they are delivered on time and on budget. His experience includes roles as a supervisor, manager, HVAC manager, and fabrication manager. He has managed projects in industries like shipping, healthcare, cleanrooms, and commercial facilities. His background includes electrical installation, HVAC systems, power systems, and production facilities.
Turn Cycle Solutions is an energy auditing and retrofitting firm located in Nashua, NH that uses building inspections and analysis to develop energy reduction plans, implements upgrades like insulation, HVAC, and lighting replacements, and monitors results to ensure cost savings; they work with various utility rebate programs and have experience improving the efficiency of residential, commercial, and multi-unit properties.
David A. Soltis has over 15 years of experience in electrical construction, computer systems customer service, and project management of water distribution systems. He is currently a Water Distribution Operator at AmericanWater where he operates and maintains the distribution system, assists with installations and repairs, responds to emergencies, and fills out required reports. Previously, he worked as a Field Service Representative at New Jersey American Water where he serviced water meters and responded to customer and emergency issues. He has also worked as an electrician installing, maintaining, and troubleshooting electrical systems for homes and businesses.
Truong Dang Dung has over 10 years of experience as a MEP site engineer in Vietnam. He is currently working for Royal HaskoningDHV, where he oversees MEP systems for various projects. Prior to this, he worked on mechanical, electrical, and fire protection systems for other engineering companies. Dung has extensive experience designing, installing, and commissioning air conditioning, ventilation, fire safety, and other MEP systems. He is proficient in reading construction documents, supervising installation work, and ensuring quality and safety standards are met.
INP Projects has extensive expertise in creating themed environments for Corporate Offices, Hospitality Sectors, Banks, Television Studios, Industries and Residences with a growing focus.
Salman I Shaikh is an electronics engineering professional with 3.8 years of experience in project engineering roles. He has experience in installation, commissioning, and maintenance of fire alarm systems, building automation systems, HVAC systems, and security systems. Some of the projects he has worked on include residential and commercial buildings in Mumbai. He is currently working as a project engineer for Vijay Security Systems on projects such as Ajmera I-Land towers.
Earthquake Prone Buildings - Non Structural ElementsAlistair Knowles
KCL Engineering is at the forefront of providing seismic restraint for building components including design, review of existing installations and engineering documentation to ensure the compliance and safety of building services. Regardless of whether you’re a building manager or a building owner, you need to take practicable steps to identify and manage any parts of buildings which could cause serious harm to occupants in the event of an earthquake, and to take practicable steps to eliminate them. What are the Building Components? www.kclengineering.co
MGCS-MG Cooling Solutions is an HVAC consulting and engineering firm that specializes in industrial ventilation projects, smoke exhaust systems, dust control systems, and turnkey HVAC solutions. They design, supply, and execute industrial ventilation systems to optimize energy costs and efficiency, control contaminants and heat/humidity, and ensure worker safety. Their team of consultants and engineers adhere to ASHRAE guidelines and design environmentally friendly ventilation systems for clients across various sectors.
Bryan Arceneaux, Jr. has over 15 years of experience in various electrical and instrumentation roles across multiple industries. He has worked as an electrician, electrical lead man, foreman, and started his own electrical company. He is seeking a new position that allows him to utilize his skills and passion for perfection to contribute to company success and growth.
Mehmood Ul Hassan is an electrical engineer with over 8 years of experience. He has a Bachelor's degree in Electrical/Electronics Engineering and is RSB certified. He is seeking a position as an electrical engineer where he can utilize his experience in designing, developing, and maintaining electrical systems as well as his leadership, communication, and computer skills.
The document highlights the 2020 40 Under 40 winners who are rising stars in the building industry. It lists the names of the 27 winners and notes that they have the skills, experience and dedication needed to lead the industry forward. Their technical expertise, breadth of experience, and commitment to mentoring, community and family make them impressive rising leaders.
The document is a resume for Abranantham V. He has over 20 years of experience in electrical engineering works including planning electrical layouts, installing low voltage panels and distribution boards, building management systems, fire alarms, and more. He currently works as a DLP engineer for ETA overseeing electrical installations, commissioning, and coordinating with consultants and clients. Previously he held roles as a site engineer and senior electrical supervisor for ETA in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, managing electrical works on projects like hotels, airports, and exhibition facilities.
Ebitimi Ogbuzulu has over 20 years of experience in construction project management, drafting, and HVAC installation and maintenance. He has worked as an assistant construction foreman, project manager, draftsman, and HVAC technician on residential and commercial projects in Nigeria, Michigan, and Ohio. Currently, he is pursuing a BSc in Business and Project Management from Capella University while working as an HVAC maintenance technician at Sharon Heating and Air Conditioning.
Ennis White II is an electrician with over 20 years of experience in residential and commercial electrical installation, maintenance, and repair. He is currently an electrician and generator technician for Trulite Electrical Services where he performs generator inspections, repairs, and load testing. Prior to this, he worked as an electrician for Daniel O White Electric and RS Electrical Services, and as a maintenance electrician for Core One Properties, gaining experience in electrical wiring, equipment installation, troubleshooting, and emergency response.
AREEBA is an air conditioning company that specializes in the design and installation of all air conditioning systems, from single split systems to large data center systems. They offer comprehensive design services utilizing modern technologies. AREEBA recognizes that project management is key to completing projects on time and on budget. They have project managers that oversee all trades and subcontractors to ensure effective coordination and communication. AREEBA is also fully compliant with all health and safety regulations and conducts regular audits and toolbox talks to maintain safety.
Thomas Berendson is seeking a position as a Maintenance Planner, Field Planner, or Team Leader. He has over 10 years of experience in industrial maintenance and instrumentation. Berendson received his Associate's Degree in Industrial Instrumentation from ITI Technical College. He is currently a Maintenance Planner/Team Leader/Scheduler at Westgate LLC where he performs planning, scheduling, ordering, and training duties.
EFI Global is a leading multidisciplinary firm providing forensic engineering, environmental consulting, fire investigation, and specialty consulting services worldwide. It has over 400 employees in 26 service centers nationally. EFI Global performs over 21,000 projects annually, offering expertise in areas such as civil engineering, fire investigation, environmental assessment, and industrial hygiene. The company maintains high standards of customer service, expertise, integrity, and timeliness on all of its projects.
Unit 103 handout_2_different_types_of_simple_machineswirethehouse
The document discusses five types of simple machines: levers, inclined planes, screws, wheels and axles, and pulleys. It provides examples of each and explains how they make tasks easier by requiring less effort. Leverage, changes in direction of force, and reduction of friction allow simple machines to simplify work. Complex machines are combinations of these basic simple machines.
This document provides guidance on meeting the ventilation requirements of the Building Regulations 2010 for England and Wales. It covers ventilation provisions for new dwellings, buildings other than dwellings, and work on existing buildings. The main changes from the 2006 edition include increased ventilation rates for tighter dwellings, larger passive stack ventilator diameters, and clarification of guidance for refurbishing kitchens and bathrooms in existing homes. Performance-based criteria and standards are referenced to help ensure adequate ventilation and indoor air quality.
Integrated Safety Services (ISS) is an Egyptian engineering company that provides electrical, mechanical, fire protection, and civil contracting services. ISS designs, installs, tests, and maintains complex electromechanical systems and has expertise in areas such as electrical work, low current systems, HVAC, plumbing, firefighting, coating, and engineering. ISS prides itself on quality, timely project delivery, and reliability in order to meet client needs.
The document is a resume for Brian Johnson, who is a mobile facilities engineer with over 10 years of experience in facilities maintenance. He has an excellent rapport with colleagues and thrives under demanding workloads. His current role involves maintaining various sites for the BBC, including conducting fire alarm tests, emergency lighting testing, and correcting faults. He has qualifications in areas such as PAT testing, 17th edition wiring regulations, lifting and manual handling.
Karl has over 35 years of experience in project and facility management across various industries. He has worked on projects from inception through completion, ensuring they are delivered on time and on budget. His experience includes roles as a supervisor, manager, HVAC manager, and fabrication manager. He has managed projects in industries like shipping, healthcare, cleanrooms, and commercial facilities. His background includes electrical installation, HVAC systems, power systems, and production facilities.
Turn Cycle Solutions is an energy auditing and retrofitting firm located in Nashua, NH that uses building inspections and analysis to develop energy reduction plans, implements upgrades like insulation, HVAC, and lighting replacements, and monitors results to ensure cost savings; they work with various utility rebate programs and have experience improving the efficiency of residential, commercial, and multi-unit properties.
David A. Soltis has over 15 years of experience in electrical construction, computer systems customer service, and project management of water distribution systems. He is currently a Water Distribution Operator at AmericanWater where he operates and maintains the distribution system, assists with installations and repairs, responds to emergencies, and fills out required reports. Previously, he worked as a Field Service Representative at New Jersey American Water where he serviced water meters and responded to customer and emergency issues. He has also worked as an electrician installing, maintaining, and troubleshooting electrical systems for homes and businesses.
Truong Dang Dung has over 10 years of experience as a MEP site engineer in Vietnam. He is currently working for Royal HaskoningDHV, where he oversees MEP systems for various projects. Prior to this, he worked on mechanical, electrical, and fire protection systems for other engineering companies. Dung has extensive experience designing, installing, and commissioning air conditioning, ventilation, fire safety, and other MEP systems. He is proficient in reading construction documents, supervising installation work, and ensuring quality and safety standards are met.
INP Projects has extensive expertise in creating themed environments for Corporate Offices, Hospitality Sectors, Banks, Television Studios, Industries and Residences with a growing focus.
Salman I Shaikh is an electronics engineering professional with 3.8 years of experience in project engineering roles. He has experience in installation, commissioning, and maintenance of fire alarm systems, building automation systems, HVAC systems, and security systems. Some of the projects he has worked on include residential and commercial buildings in Mumbai. He is currently working as a project engineer for Vijay Security Systems on projects such as Ajmera I-Land towers.
Earthquake Prone Buildings - Non Structural ElementsAlistair Knowles
KCL Engineering is at the forefront of providing seismic restraint for building components including design, review of existing installations and engineering documentation to ensure the compliance and safety of building services. Regardless of whether you’re a building manager or a building owner, you need to take practicable steps to identify and manage any parts of buildings which could cause serious harm to occupants in the event of an earthquake, and to take practicable steps to eliminate them. What are the Building Components? www.kclengineering.co
MGCS-MG Cooling Solutions is an HVAC consulting and engineering firm that specializes in industrial ventilation projects, smoke exhaust systems, dust control systems, and turnkey HVAC solutions. They design, supply, and execute industrial ventilation systems to optimize energy costs and efficiency, control contaminants and heat/humidity, and ensure worker safety. Their team of consultants and engineers adhere to ASHRAE guidelines and design environmentally friendly ventilation systems for clients across various sectors.
Bryan Arceneaux, Jr. has over 15 years of experience in various electrical and instrumentation roles across multiple industries. He has worked as an electrician, electrical lead man, foreman, and started his own electrical company. He is seeking a new position that allows him to utilize his skills and passion for perfection to contribute to company success and growth.
Mehmood Ul Hassan is an electrical engineer with over 8 years of experience. He has a Bachelor's degree in Electrical/Electronics Engineering and is RSB certified. He is seeking a position as an electrical engineer where he can utilize his experience in designing, developing, and maintaining electrical systems as well as his leadership, communication, and computer skills.
The document highlights the 2020 40 Under 40 winners who are rising stars in the building industry. It lists the names of the 27 winners and notes that they have the skills, experience and dedication needed to lead the industry forward. Their technical expertise, breadth of experience, and commitment to mentoring, community and family make them impressive rising leaders.
The document is a resume for Abranantham V. He has over 20 years of experience in electrical engineering works including planning electrical layouts, installing low voltage panels and distribution boards, building management systems, fire alarms, and more. He currently works as a DLP engineer for ETA overseeing electrical installations, commissioning, and coordinating with consultants and clients. Previously he held roles as a site engineer and senior electrical supervisor for ETA in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, managing electrical works on projects like hotels, airports, and exhibition facilities.
Ebitimi Ogbuzulu has over 20 years of experience in construction project management, drafting, and HVAC installation and maintenance. He has worked as an assistant construction foreman, project manager, draftsman, and HVAC technician on residential and commercial projects in Nigeria, Michigan, and Ohio. Currently, he is pursuing a BSc in Business and Project Management from Capella University while working as an HVAC maintenance technician at Sharon Heating and Air Conditioning.
Ennis White II is an electrician with over 20 years of experience in residential and commercial electrical installation, maintenance, and repair. He is currently an electrician and generator technician for Trulite Electrical Services where he performs generator inspections, repairs, and load testing. Prior to this, he worked as an electrician for Daniel O White Electric and RS Electrical Services, and as a maintenance electrician for Core One Properties, gaining experience in electrical wiring, equipment installation, troubleshooting, and emergency response.
AREEBA is an air conditioning company that specializes in the design and installation of all air conditioning systems, from single split systems to large data center systems. They offer comprehensive design services utilizing modern technologies. AREEBA recognizes that project management is key to completing projects on time and on budget. They have project managers that oversee all trades and subcontractors to ensure effective coordination and communication. AREEBA is also fully compliant with all health and safety regulations and conducts regular audits and toolbox talks to maintain safety.
Thomas Berendson is seeking a position as a Maintenance Planner, Field Planner, or Team Leader. He has over 10 years of experience in industrial maintenance and instrumentation. Berendson received his Associate's Degree in Industrial Instrumentation from ITI Technical College. He is currently a Maintenance Planner/Team Leader/Scheduler at Westgate LLC where he performs planning, scheduling, ordering, and training duties.
EFI Global is a leading multidisciplinary firm providing forensic engineering, environmental consulting, fire investigation, and specialty consulting services worldwide. It has over 400 employees in 26 service centers nationally. EFI Global performs over 21,000 projects annually, offering expertise in areas such as civil engineering, fire investigation, environmental assessment, and industrial hygiene. The company maintains high standards of customer service, expertise, integrity, and timeliness on all of its projects.
Unit 103 handout_2_different_types_of_simple_machineswirethehouse
The document discusses five types of simple machines: levers, inclined planes, screws, wheels and axles, and pulleys. It provides examples of each and explains how they make tasks easier by requiring less effort. Leverage, changes in direction of force, and reduction of friction allow simple machines to simplify work. Complex machines are combinations of these basic simple machines.
This document provides guidance on meeting the ventilation requirements of the Building Regulations 2010 for England and Wales. It covers ventilation provisions for new dwellings, buildings other than dwellings, and work on existing buildings. The main changes from the 2006 edition include increased ventilation rates for tighter dwellings, larger passive stack ventilator diameters, and clarification of guidance for refurbishing kitchens and bathrooms in existing homes. Performance-based criteria and standards are referenced to help ensure adequate ventilation and indoor air quality.
This document covers basic scientific principles relevant to building services engineering, including standard units of measurement, properties of materials, and principles of electricity. It discusses SI units, properties of common materials used in building services like metals, plastics, and ceramics. It also addresses concepts like density, conductivity, why materials break down, and corrosion. Basic calculations are provided to illustrate determining volume, density, and relative density.
Unit 103 power_point_8_resistors_serieswirethehouse
When resistors are connected in series, the current can only flow through one path. The total resistance of a series circuit equals the sum of the individual resistances. The current at any point in the circuit is the same. The voltage across each resistor depends on its resistance and the current flowing through it. The total voltage supplied by the battery equals the sum of the voltages across each resistor. The total power equals the sum of the power dissipated by each resistor.
The Monkey King ruled over monkeys for thousands of years but wanted to join the gods, however his antics landed him in trouble with Tze-Yo-Tzuh and he was imprisoned for 500 years until a random person helped free him. The story also follows Danny, a popular American boy whose life is great until his smarter cousin Chin-Kee from China comes to visit and becomes more popular than Danny.
Thriller films follow conventions to build tension and engage audiences, including innocent protagonists in difficult situations, mysteries or false accusations, and an increasing pace leading to a climax. Common thriller themes involve crime, murder, revenge, romance triangles, mystery, isolation, voyeurism, and psychological elements. Settings are often isolated rural areas or urban environments enabling hiding. Protagonists are usually innocent heroes unaccustomed to danger, while antagonists include criminals, stalkers, assassins or psychotic individuals. Editing and sound techniques like montages, altered camera angles, and non-diegetic ambient sounds also build tension in thriller conventions.
The document provides feedback from an audience on a teaser trailer, magazine cover, and poster that were created to promote an upcoming film. The feedback praised the scary elements of the teaser trailer, such as the opening noise and creepy music. Comments on the magazine cover appreciated the professional look while noting the hair could be smoothed. Feedback for the poster highlighted that the key stands out and the scary image matches the horror genre.
This document defines groups and describes their key characteristics and dynamics. It discusses the types of groups, both formal and informal, and compares their characteristics. It also outlines several important group properties like roles, norms, status, size and cohesiveness. Finally, it examines various techniques for group decision making.
The document discusses air source heat pumps, which absorb heat from outside air to heat buildings. It explains that air source heat pumps extract heat from outside air using a refrigerant cycle, even when temperatures are as low as -15°C. The document also outlines the types of air source heat pump systems, how they work, considerations for installation location and planning, and the advantages and disadvantages of air source heat pumps.
The document discusses micro wind technologies. It explains that micro wind turbines harness wind energy to generate electricity. It describes the basic workings of horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. The document also outlines planning requirements, regulations, advantages such as feed-in tariffs, and disadvantages like inconsistent power generation from variable wind speeds.
This chapter covers learning outcomes related to fundamental electrical installation operations. It discusses basic electrical circuits including power circuits, lighting circuits, and the use of junction boxes. The chapter also covers health and safety considerations when performing electrical work, including proper personal protective equipment. It introduces common electrical hand tools and their safe use and maintenance. The risks associated with electrical work are assessed using the ERIC PD method to control risks through elimination, replacement, isolation, controls, PPE, and development.
Domestic and commercial buildings present the biggest opportunity for reducing carbon emissions in the UK. However, achieving the targeted 20% reduction by 2016 is challenging due to the varying age and condition of UK housing. Buildings accounted for 30% of UK carbon emissions in 2009, a figure that could rise to over 55% by 2050 if not addressed. The government aims for all new homes to be zero carbon by 2016 by offering stamp duty exemptions. UK buildings are among the least energy efficient in Europe, with 30.2% of energy used for heating, lighting and appliances in 2009. The building services industry is attempting to tackle this problem through installing energy efficient technologies like solar panels, heat pumps, and harnessing wind and water power
This chapter covers energy conservation legislation, application of energy sources, and environmental protection measures within building services engineering. It discusses reducing waste and conserving energy through improved insulation, efficient appliances, and renewable energy sources like solar panels and heat pumps. It also addresses safe waste disposal and water conservation. Key goals are reducing carbon emissions, protecting the environment, and conserving natural resources through new green building technologies and compliance with regulations.
The student's media product uses conventions of thriller and horror movie trailers through mysterious and tension-building techniques. Examples given are blank screens at the end of the trailer from Paranormal Activity and adding static effects seen in The Pact trailer. Titles and typography in the student's teaser trailer were influenced by successful films like Insidious and The Pact to convey the psychological thriller genre. Shots and composition of the movie poster also took influences from The Pact and Safe House.
There are many business applications of Excel including scheduling, basic accounting, tracking product sales, calculating return on investment, managing customer data, fact checking, and maintaining accessible records. Excel can be used to create schedules, track income/expenditures, analyze sales trends over time, determine profitability of campaigns, build customer databases, reduce data entry errors, and easily update clear records. It offers financial functions, templates, forms, sorting/filtering, conditional formatting, and charts/diagrams to help businesses.
O documento resume as 5 fases do Programa Nacional de Desestatização no Brasil de 1981 a 2010, que privatizou diversas empresas estatais visando reduzir o déficit público e atrair investimentos. A quarta fase sob FHC foi a mais ampla, privatizando setores como telecomunicações, energia e transportes. Algumas privatizações como da Vale geraram polêmicas sobre subavaliação dos ativos e ligações com compradores.
El modding es el arte de modificar estéticamente o funcionalmente partes de un ordenador como la torre, teclado o monitor. Las modificaciones más comunes incluyen sustituir LEDs por otros de diferentes colores, pintar el interior o exterior, añadir ventiladores para mejorar la refrigeración, e instalar iluminación. Los modders utilizan herramientas como una Dremel, aerógrafo, pistola termofusible y soldador para realizar modificaciones.
LA RESILIENCIA COMO MECANISMO DE OPORTUNIDADESZully Viafara
Este documento propone desarrollar una propuesta pedagógica con enfoque en la resiliencia a través de danzas y otras expresiones artísticas para fortalecer la capacidad de resiliencia en niños y niñas en escenarios educativos alternativos. La propuesta busca caracterizar la problemática de los niños desplazados, desarrollar la propuesta usando la empatía, autoestima y creatividad a través del arte, y sistematizar la experiencia en una cartilla.
This industrial training report summarizes Kashan Ahmad Ghouri's internship at ELMEC International, an HVAC company with over 20 years of experience. During the internship, Ghouri learned about air conditioning and HVAC systems. Tasks included calculating ductwork and piping, installing HVAC components, and performing maintenance. Specifically, Ghouri calculated designs for VRF and split unit installation, learned to fabricate and insulate copper piping, and hung ductwork. The internship provided practical experience complementing Ghouri's mechanical engineering studies. In conclusion, the internship bridged theory and practice, and ELMEC distinguished itself by distributing renowned foreign HVAC brands in Pakistan.
The document discusses various technical systems that interior designers should have knowledge of, including mechanical, electrical, plumbing, HVAC, lighting, acoustics, security, communication, and vertical transportation systems. It describes factors that influence thermal comfort like temperature, humidity, air quality and movement. It also discusses renewable energy sources for HVAC like geothermal and solar energy. Plumbing systems are also covered along with issues around noise control and building codes that interior designers must follow.
This document is a resume for Anthony F. Vitola seeking a position in the HVAC industry. Vitola has over 25 years of experience in various HVAC roles, most recently as Assistant Chief Engineer at CBRE in Houston, Texas where he oversees building systems operations and maintenance. Prior to that he held roles as Operating Engineer at The New School and Chief Engineer at ABM Management in New York. He has extensive skills in HVAC installation, operation, and maintenance.
Paul Gee has over 25 years of experience in gas fitting, plumbing, and related fields. He has worked as both an employee and business owner in New Zealand and other countries. He has extensive qualifications and training in gas fitting, plumbing, welding, crane operation, health and safety, and more. His work history includes roles maintaining hydroelectric generators, running his own gas and plumbing business, and various trades positions in countries like the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. He aims to provide reliable, quality service with a focus on safety, performance, and customer satisfaction.
The document summarizes the key topics covered in a proficiency presentation on building services and maintenance. It discusses maintenance of various building systems including HVAC, plumbing, electrical, fire protection and security. Specific units cover fire safety requirements, types and safety features of elevators/lifts, plumbing systems, electrical networks, and maintenance management. The conclusion emphasizes the comprehensive understanding gained of building components/systems and how to effectively maintain them to ensure functionality and safety.
Chetan Dave is an experienced facilities manager and electrical engineer seeking a new position. He has over 25 years of experience managing multi-site properties and building services. His background includes managing budgets over £500k, implementing health and safety standards, and developing relationships with contractors and stakeholders. He is skilled in project management, maintenance, and sustainability initiatives.
This document provides information about Dimplex air curtains and their commercial heating products. It discusses how Dimplex air curtains work to create an invisible barrier between internal and external areas, preventing heat loss and drafts while allowing doors to remain open. It also mentions Dimplex's experience providing heating solutions for various commercial installations over its 60 years in business. The document provides an overview of Dimplex's comprehensive product ranges for air curtains, fan heating, radiant heating and other commercial heating applications.
This document provides an overview of energy efficient installations that can be done in heritage buildings in Vancouver. It discusses the installation process which includes green building renovations, permits and regulations, construction damage deposits, inspections, and ensuring the locations of utilities. The benefits of implementing energy efficient measures in heritage buildings are also outlined, such as how chimneys can improve ventilation and stack effect to help keep rooms warm. The overall document aims to balance building conservation with energy conservation when retrofitting heritage structures.
This document provides an overview of energy efficient installations that can be done in heritage buildings in Vancouver. It discusses the installation process which includes green building renovations, permits and regulations, construction damage deposits, inspections, and ensuring the locations of utilities. The benefits of implementing energy efficient measures in heritage buildings are also outlined, such as how chimneys and fireplaces can improve ventilation and heating. The overall document aims to balance building conservation with energy conservation when retrofitting heritage structures.
Terry Harvey has over 30 years of experience as a mechanical engineer and project supervisor in commercial and domestic installations. He has extensive skills in plumbing, piping, HVAC, and refrigeration systems. Some of his past roles include supervising multi-million pound mechanical system installations for Tate Modern Phase 2 expansion, British Airways' new flight training center, and various other commercial and residential projects in the UK and abroad. He is a skilled tradesman with expertise in managing teams, budgets, schedules, and ensuring work is done safely and to a high quality.
This document discusses and compares centralized and decentralized air conditioning systems. Centralized systems use chilled water distributed via ductwork to cool multiple spaces from a central location, while decentralized systems directly cool individual spaces. The document outlines the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and factors to consider in selecting a system, such as building design, efficiency, maintenance requirements, and more. It then provides more detail on types of centralized systems and their components.
The document summarizes the Rowland Hall HVAC retrofit project. It will involve converting the building from a constant air volume (CAV) system to a variable air volume (VAV) system, upgrading existing equipment, and installing new controls. The project team is listed, along with phases of the work, potential disruptions, safety procedures, and contacts for issues. The retrofit is expected to improve energy efficiency by at least 15% compared to the old pneumatic system.
Airsys general-expert in ict cooling- history - rev mkmirbeas1
1. Airsys is a major global supplier of cooling products for the ICT industry, including air conditioners, chillers, and other equipment for computer rooms, data centers, telecom shelters, and cabinets.
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3. Airsys aims to supply highly reliable and energy efficient cooling products while fulfilling social responsibility through environmentally friendly design and contributing to regional development.
John Buckley is a chartered electrical design engineer with over 20 years of experience in various industries. He has led complex projects on time and budget. His experience includes work in oil & gas, industrial, transportation, and other sectors in multiple countries. He utilizes analytical and detailed approaches to engineering issues and is an effective communicator able to promote solutions.
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The document discusses opportunities for electrical contractors in the growing solar PV market in the UK. It summarizes that solar PV systems convert light to renewable electricity and benefit clients through energy cost savings and government incentives. However, electrical contractors will need to promote their skills in PV technology, receive training and guidance, and get involved early in the design process to capitalize on the opportunities. National standards, regulations, and certifications must also be followed for proper installation, inspection, and commissioning of PV systems.
This document provides an overview of heat pump systems, including:
- Heat pumps use a refrigeration cycle to convert low temperature heat to higher temperature heat.
- Common heat sources are air, ground, and water. Suitable emitters include underfloor heating and tank-in-tank water cylinders.
- Heat pumps can provide 300-500% more energy output than electrical input, with efficiencies described as Coefficient of Performance.
This document provides guidance on electrical safety in dwellings as required by Part P of the Building Regulations. It outlines the technical requirements for electrical work in dwellings, defines the scope of Part P and what work is considered notifiable, and describes the certification, inspection and testing processes for electrical work.
This document provides guidance on complying with regulations related to combustion appliances and fuel storage systems in England and Wales. It covers requirements for air supply, flues, hearths, protection from fire, warning of carbon monoxide release, and liquid fuel storage. The document gives guidance on materials, ventilation, construction methods, installation, and other provisions to ensure appliances are safely installed and operated. It also outlines the responsibilities of those involved in building work and provides checklists and examples to demonstrate compliance.
This document provides guidance on the Building Regulations 2010 concerning drainage and waste disposal in the United Kingdom. It outlines the key requirements for foul water drainage systems, wastewater treatment systems, rainwater drainage, building over sewers, and solid waste storage. The guidance covers topics such as pipe layout and sizing, pumping installations, protection from settlement, materials, testing, and maintenance of drainage systems. It also addresses repairs and alterations to existing drains and connection to public sewer systems.
This document provides information about The Building Regulations 2010 Approved Document G: Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency. It outlines where copies of the Approved Document can be purchased. It also summarizes some of the main changes made in the 2010 edition compared to previous editions, including new requirements for water efficiency in dwellings, enhanced provisions for hot water supply safety, and requirements for sanitary conveniences and washing facilities. The document notes that the 2010 edition incorporates further amendments made in the same year.
This document summarizes the main changes to the Building Regulations 2010 regarding ventilation requirements. The key changes include new requirements for commissioning and air flow testing of mechanical ventilation systems, providing information to building owners on system maintenance, and increased ventilation provisions for very airtight dwellings. Technical guidance was also updated, including increasing the minimum passive stack ventilator size, clarifying ventilation when bathrooms/kitchens are refurbished, and referencing a new domestic ventilation compliance guide.
This document summarizes The Building Regulations 2010 document. It contains 3 key points:
1) It provides guidance on complying with the energy efficiency requirements and regulation 7 of the Building Regulations 2010 for England and Wales. This includes requirements for new dwellings to meet targets for limiting carbon dioxide emissions.
2) It describes the general provisions, including definitions, types of work covered, exemptions, methods of demonstrating compliance, and notifying building work.
3) It outlines 5 criteria for achieving compliance: 1) meeting carbon dioxide emission rate targets, 2) following limits for building fabric and system efficiencies, 3) limiting solar gain in summer, 4) ensuring building performance is consistent with specifications, and 5)
The document discusses rainwater harvesting and greywater reuse systems. It describes how rainwater harvesting collects rainwater from roofs to use for non-potable purposes like gardening and flushing toilets in order to reduce water usage. Greywater reuse systems collect wastewater from laundry, dishwashing, and bathing for similar non-potable reuse after treatment. The document covers installation considerations and regulations for setting up these types of environmental technology systems.
The document discusses several UK environmental protection acts and regulations:
- The Environmental Protection Act 1990 defines the structure for waste management and emissions control. It covers waste disposal, contaminated land, and genetically modified organisms.
- The Hazardous Waste Regulations aim to reduce hazardous waste generation and properly manage such waste.
- The Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 controls industries that emit significant pollution to all environmental media.
- The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations require proper treatment and disposal of electronic waste without environmental harm.
This document provides information on rainwater harvesting and greywater reuse systems. It discusses the basic principles of how these systems work to collect and store rainwater and greywater for non-potable uses. The document also outlines the key regulatory requirements and installation considerations for these systems in the UK, as well as typical advantages and disadvantages.
This document discusses micro-hydroelectric power systems. It explains that small-scale hydropower can provide clean electricity generation for homes using flowing water from streams or rivers. The key components of a micro-hydro system are described, including an intake, penstock, turbine, generator, and tailrace. Equations are provided to calculate the mechanical and electrical power output based on factors like flow rate, head, and system efficiencies. Advantages are reliable renewable energy without emissions, while disadvantages include high initial costs and limited expansion options.
Micro-CHP, or micro combined heat and power, is a technology that generates electricity and heat simultaneously for individual homes or buildings. It works by using a fuel like natural gas to power a system, such as a Stirling engine, to produce both electricity and hot water. Micro-CHP systems typically produce around 1kW of electricity and have a 6:1 ratio of heat to power output. Any excess electricity can be sold back to the grid. While not considered renewable, micro-CHP can reduce carbon emissions and energy costs when properly installed.
This document discusses biomass as an environmental technology system. It defines biomass as biological material derived from living or recently living organisms, including both plant and animal material. Biomass is a renewable, low-carbon fuel available in the UK that can provide environmental and social benefits if managed sustainably. Properly managed biomass can deliver significant carbon emission reductions compared to fossil fuels. The document also discusses biomass systems, considerations for biomass installations, building regulation requirements, advantages and disadvantages of biomass systems.
A photovoltaic system uses doped silicon semiconductors that generate electricity when exposed to light. N-type silicon has extra electrons added by doping, while P-type silicon has electron deficiencies added by doping. When joined together, the silicon types allow electrons to flow when struck by photons, generating electricity. A feeding tariff is a subsidy for solar power. An installer of a PV system would need qualifications in electrical work and safety procedures.
Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems convert sunlight into electricity and require planning for optimal installation angles and orientation. An inverter in a solar PV system converts the variable direct current (DC) output of the solar panels into alternating current (AC) that can power homes or feed into electrical grids. Solar PV systems provide advantages such as reduced energy costs, reliability, and reduced environmental impact but also have disadvantages including high installation costs, dependence on sunlight, and limited storage capacity.
The document discusses solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, including how PV cells work by converting sunlight into electricity, how solar inverters convert the direct current from PV panels into alternating current, and considerations for installing a solar PV system such as suitable roof orientation and any planning or building regulation requirements. It also outlines advantages such as receiving feed-in tariffs for electricity exported to the grid and reducing carbon emissions, and disadvantages like needing a large unshaded south-facing roof area to maximize returns.
Ground source heat pumps extract heat from the ground through a system of pipes or coils to heat buildings. They work like a refrigerator by using a compressor to move heat from one place to another. The heat pump unit is installed indoors while horizontal coils are buried underground to absorb heat from the ground. Ground source heat pumps have advantages like reduced running costs and emissions but require careful installation to work effectively.
The document discusses solar thermal hot water systems, which use solar panels fitted to roofs or other surfaces to collect sunlight and heat water. It notes the main renewable energy sources for homes include sunlight, heat from the earth/air/water, biomass, waste, hydropower, and wind. Solar thermal systems can reduce energy bills and carbon footprint while providing hot water year-round, though they only work during the day and have high upfront costs. Proper installation requires checking the roof's structural ability to support panels and avoiding shaded areas, with some systems qualifying as permitted development under planning rules.
The document discusses safe working practices in the construction industry. It covers UK health and safety laws like HASAWA, COSHH, CDM Regulations, and RIDDOR which aim to protect workers' health and safety. Employers have duties around risk assessments, personal protective equipment, and reporting accidents. Common construction accidents involve falls, electrocution, injuries from tools or debris. Signs are used to warn of hazards and mandatory safety procedures. Workers must follow conduct rules, use tools safely, and respond appropriately to hazardous situations.
1. In this chapter you will learn about:
■ the main industries
■ key job functions in building
services
■ building services engineering
systems
■ legislation, standards and codes
of practice.
1 Introduction to Building
Services Engineering
This chapter covers the learning outcomes for:
City & Guilds unit number 104; EAL unit code QACC1/04;
ABC unit code A01.
Building services engineers install, service and maintain a huge range of
different systems. They are also increasingly at the cutting edge of new
technology. Many are involved in energy efficiency, and all play an important
role in ensuring that, in an increasingly complex society, the safety, comfort and
welfare of customers and clients is achieved.
In this chapter you will learn more about building services engineering – the
different career opportunities available, as well as its impact on people’s lives
and the built environment. You will discover the range of systems within this
sector, and the key laws and codes of practice that underpin it.
Introduction to Building Services Engineering
2. 2
Access to Building Services Engineering
The main industries
There are four main industries within the building
services engineering sector:
■ Plumbing – dealing with cold and hot water, heating
and sanitation
■ Electrical – dealing with power and lighting circuits
■ Heating and ventilation – dealing with cold and hot
water systems, heating, ductwork and specialist work,
such as heat emitters and more complex heating
systems
■ Refrigeration and air conditioning – dealing with both
refrigeration and air conditioning systems and units
Plumbers
Most plumbing businesses are relatively small. They may
concentrate on particular types of plumbing, such as
domestic work, installation or working with developers
on new builds.
Some larger plumbing businesses work in most areas
of plumbing, including heating and ventilation systems.
They may also carry out electrical work. Other plumbing
businesses deal only with companies or work on large
commercial contracts.
For most plumbers, the nature of their work demands that
they are highly mobile and available for emergency call-
outs. For example, a domestic plumber typically will work at
several sites over the course of a day. By contrast, plumbers
working for larger businesses may work on bigger projects,
in a single location, for a number of weeks.
Fig. 1.1 A plumber at work
Did you know
Plumbers and
electricians often
begin their careers
as apprentices.
3. Introduction to Building Services Engineering
3
Electricians
Electricians are involved in a wide range of activities.
Without the wiring that they install, there would be no
lights, computers or televisions. They install equipment
to control how the electricity flows and are often involved
in fixing domestic electrical equipment.
Many electricians focus on new builds, using blueprints
to plan a circuit and install the electricity supply. Other
electricians focus on specific installation projects, such
as installing telephones, fire alarms, computers or fibre
optic cables.
Electricians work wherever there is a need for electrical
wiring and related equipment. Many operate as small
businesses, while others work for larger electrical
contractors on a full-time or job-by-job basis.
Heating and ventilation engineers
Heating and ventilation engineers work on central
heating systems, and ventilation systems that keep
dwellings or buildings cool. They install, commission
and maintain complex systems for both domestic
projects and major building sites.
Heating engineers are often involved in the design,
contract specification, and inspection and testing of
new installations, as well as upgrading existing systems.
They are also involved in gas appliance work.
Fig. 1.2 An electrician at work
Key terms
Blueprint: A design
plan or technical
drawing.
Fibre optic cable:
A bundle of threads
made of pure flexible
glass, used instead of
metal wiring.
Commission: A
process in which the
installer checks the
systems components
and overall
performance before
it is handed over to
the building owner
and signed off.
Contract
specification: To
formally agree upon
the requirements of
a job to be done.
4. 4
Access to Building Services Engineering
Fig. 1.3 Heating and ventilation is about keeping a building
at the right temperature in summer or winter
Did you know
Ventilation replaces
air in order to
control temperature
or to remove odours,
heat or dust. Air
conditioning further
controls temperature
by using heat or
refrigeration.
Fig. 1.4 Repairing an
industrial air conditioning unit
Refrigeration and air conditioning
engineers
Refrigeration and air conditioning systems use
mechanical, electrical and electronic components. They
control temperature, humidity and air quality.
Refrigeration systems make it possible to store and
transport perishable items.
Refrigeration and air conditioning engineers specialise
in installation, maintenance and repair. They work from
blueprints and specifications to install the systems, the
ducts and the vents.
Refrigeration engineers often work on:
■ commercial refrigeration systems
■ connecting motors
5. Introduction to Building Services Engineering
5
■ compressors
■ condensing units and evaporators
■ programme control systems.
Building services sector – everyday life
and buildings
Buildings and their construction have a considerable
impact on the environment. They account for half of all
energy consumed and produce half of all greenhouse
gases. This means that building services engineers are
now looking to install natural ventilation systems and
use renewable sources of energy in both domestic and
commercial sites. For example:
■ solar energy is used to power air conditioning systems
■ buildings are better insulated and made more
airtight, to help conserve energy.
Building services make the inside of a building comfortable
and safe. This includes:
■ the supply of energy – electricity, gas and renewable
energy
■ heating and air conditioning
■ water supply, plumbing and drainage
■ artificial lighting
■ lifts and escalators
■ telephone and IT networks
■ alarm and security systems
■ fire detection and protection systems.
Did you know
The Institute of
Refrigeration is a
professional body
for refrigeration
and air conditioning
engineers.
Trade tip
All building services
engineers are
often required to
work evenings and
weekends, e.g. to
complete urgent jobs
or emergency work.
6. 6
Access to Building Services Engineering
There is a demand that buildings do far more
than simply provide shelter – they have to offer a
comfortable, safe and modern environment.
The construction and built environment
sector
The construction and built environment sector is
extremely diverse. In effect, people working within the
sector fall into three main categories:
■ Designers and consultants – those that plan the buildings
■ Suppliers – those that provide raw materials and
components
■ Contractors – those that carry out the construction.
Building services engineers are, therefore, a main part
of building, construction and property services, which
also include:
■ architects
■ designers and planners
■ builders
■ civil engineers
■ demolition specialists
■ restorers
■ suppliers and manufacturers of products.
Across the UK, there are over 1 million people working
in all branches of construction and building services
engineering. This includes around 194,000 private
contractors, who range from individuals working
alone, all the way up to businesses that employ over a
thousand people.Fig. 1.5 It starts with the plan
activity
For each situation
below, which type
of building services
engineer would be
involved?
1. A hospital
operating theatre
needs humidity
and bacteria
controls.
2. An intensive
care unit needs
to be able to
strictly control the
heating.
3. A forensic
laboratory needs
a foolproof air
filtration system.
7. Introduction to Building Services Engineering
7
Key job functions in
building services
Many of the key trades in building services engineering
provide almost guaranteed work throughout the year.
They can also provide excellent career pathways.
These trades may give you the opportunity to become
self-employed and to run your own business. This
means dealing with all aspects of the business yourself,
including paying taxes and advertising the company.
As with many service-based occupations, success
often depends on your reputation and receiving
recommendations from satisfied customers.
Few building services careers can promise predictable
working hours. This is particularly the case if you provide
services to domestic customers. If you decide to work for a
larger business, you will tend to work more regular hours.
Gas fitter
Job functions Qualifications and career progression
A gas fitter installs, maintains and repairs
gas lines in dwellings, as well as in
commercial or industrial sites.
They will regularly respond to calls
regarding leaks and malfunctions.
Natural gas can be a hazardous energy
source, so efficiency and precise work are
essential.
As with many professions, there is rapid
technological change. New hi-tech
equipment can make the job challenging.
Some courses to become a gas fitter can be
completed in a relatively short time.
Some gas fitters are also fully qualified plumbers.
It is important to be a registered gas fitter and to
keep the licence up to date.
A gas fitter will also need to be on the Gas Safe
Register.
Key terms
Private contractor:
A person or company
that is temporarily
employed by another
business or an
individual.
Self-employed:
Someone who is
in business for
themselves and
provides a service to
a number of different
customers or clients.
8. 8
Access to Building Services Engineering
Domestic plumber
Job functions Qualifications and career progression
Some plumbers are ‘wet only’ and handle
bathrooms, kitchens and radiators. Others
are ‘gas only’ and focus on boilers and
heating systems.
Plumbers maintain water piping and
discharge pipework. This includes drinking
water, heating, venting and sewerage.
A good plumber would have to be able to:
■ read drawings
■ install, repair and maintain a range of
fixtures and systems
■ locate pipe connections, passage holes
and fixtures
■ often work in confined spaces or at
height
■ work out time and cost estimates for
jobs
■ test pipes for leakages
■ meet rigorous safety standards and
Building Regulations.
Many domestic plumbers begin as apprentices,
during which they undergo NVQ training.
Additional qualifications can help focus on specific
plumbing areas, such as gas work.
A Master Plumber Certificate is the next step.
To install gas heating systems, a plumber needs to
be on the Gas Safe Register and pass an Approved
Certification Scheme.
You must also demonstrate competence on a range
of items including oil, solid fuel, unvented hot water
(HW) and water regulations.
Industrial and commercial plumber
Job functions Qualifications and career progression
Rather than working in a domestic
environment, these plumbers focus
on working for businesses or in other
locations.
Some are self-employed and others are
employees of larger plumbing companies.
Some work in factories, hospitals or
laboratories, fitting, maintaining and
repairing specialist equipment.
Working as an apprentice or a ‘mate’ and job
shadowing a trained plumber is often a good start.
Larger plumbing businesses have more established
apprenticeship systems or schemes.
Many plumbers work for smaller businesses until they
are experienced, qualified or confident enough to
work alone.
9. Introduction to Building Services Engineering
9
Service and maintenance engineer
Job functions Qualifications and career progression
These engineers provide planned
maintenance services to meet the
individual client’s requirements. These can
relate to plumbing, ventilation, heating or
air conditioning.
The work is a mix of planned maintenance
services and emergency call-outs due to
breakdowns.
An apprenticeship leading to qualification in service
and maintenance engineering is necessary.
Career progression depends on your chosen
specialism and the range of heating and ventilating
systems and equipment that can be tackled.
Maintenance electrician
Job functions Qualifications and career progression
Maintenance electricians tend to work
in larger businesses such as factories or
hospitals.
They are responsible for keeping the
lighting, electrical systems and generators
in working order.
They need to diagnose problems and then
carry out repairs.
A great deal of their time is spent on
preventative maintenance using periodic
inspections.
Maintenance electricians will often begin their careers
as apprentices.
As with all other types of electrician, maintenance
electricians need to be compliant with Building
Regulations Part P (Electrical safety). They usually
achieve this as part of a VRQ Certificate in the
Building Regulations for Electrical Installations in
Dwellings.
Installation electrician
Job functions Qualifications and career progression
An installation electrician primarily fits new
electrical components, but will also be
involved in maintenance and repair.
Some installers focus on wiring ships or
aircraft.
‘Installation electrician’ describes electricians
that deal primarily with domestic dwellings,
so they would fit, test and repair electrical
circuits and wiring.
It is essential to have NVQ qualifications in
electrotechnical technology as well as knowledge of
wiring regulations.
Domestic electricians will also need to be compliant
with Building Regulations Part P (Electrical safety).
They usually achieve this as part of a VRQ Certificate
in the Building Regulations for Electrical Installations
in Dwellings.
10. 10
Access to Building Services Engineering
Heating installer
Job functions Qualifications and career progression
A heating installer will be involved in a
variety of hot and cold water installations.
They will organise installations of
water heaters and boilers, including all
pipework.
They will also carry out inspection,
maintenance and repair, including the
correcting of faults.
Obtaining a Level 2 Technical Certificate in Heating,
Design and Installation or Heating and Ventilating is
a good start. The next step is to become a heating
engineer on the Gas Safe Register.
Many heating engineers are self-employed, although
working with larger businesses will mean that
training is funded.
Ductwork installer
Job functions Qualifications and career progression
This job requires the installation of
ductwork to:
■ carry warm, cold or humid air into a
building
■ remove contaminated or stale air from a
building.
Much of the work is done on larger
construction sites.
It is necessary to gain NVQ Level 2 or 3 in
Mechanical Engineering Services (Heating and
Ventilating). This qualification is normally gained
during an apprenticeship. By the end of the
apprenticeship, you would be a skilled installer and
eligible for registration.
Refrigeration engineer
Job functions Career progression
A refrigeration engineer installs and services
refrigeration systems, including those in
dwellings, commercial buildings and delivery
vehicles.
They follow blueprints and instruction
manuals to install new systems, connecting
necessary electrical wires, water and coolant
pipes and air ducts.
It is necessary to complete an apprenticeship of
two to four years, together with an NVQ Level 3 in
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning.
Many engineers work for larger businesses covering
specific areas or types of refrigeration system.
Larger projects are often carried out in teams.
11. Introduction to Building Services Engineering
11
Air conditioning engineer
Job functions Career progression
These engineers design, install, repair and
maintain systems in homes, offices, retail
outlets or other public buildings.
Their work focuses on regulating air quality
and temperature.
After installation, inspection tests and
regular servicing of systems take place.
An apprenticeship combines training and on-the-
job experience together with an NVQ Level 2 or 3 in
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning.
An HNC in Construction and the Built Environment
will enable you to become an air conditioning
contracts manager or building services engineer.
activity
Go to www.plumbingjobsonline.co.uk and type in
your intended career occupation.
1. What employment opportunities are there in your
local area?
2. What is the average hourly or annual pay rate?
3. What are the minimum qualifications required
for these job roles?
Building services
engineering systems
You need to be able to:
■ identify a range of basic systems across the different
occupations
■ state their basic functions and main components.
12. 12
Access to Building Services Engineering
The table below gives a summary of the basic systems
and the pages where you will find more detailed
information about these systems.
Occupation Basic system Pages
Refrigeration and
air conditioning
Refrigeration systems, air
conditioning systems
154–155
and
161–164
Electricial The power circuit (otherwise
known as the ring main or
radial), the lighting circuit
174–175
Heating and
ventilation
Cold water, hot water, heating,
duct work, specialist (e.g. chilled
water)
206–208
Plumbing Cold water, hot water, heating
and sanitation
237–239
Legislation, standards
and codes of practice
Each part of the building services engineering sector is
controlled, regulated or guided by legislation, standards
and codes of practice. These set out:
■ the minimum requirements of work carried out
■ the expected behaviour and required levels of
competence of people working in the sector.
Identifying legislation, standards and
codes of practice
These three aspects always need to be considered when
carrying out work in the building services engineering
sector. The difference between them is the source of the
guidance:
Did you know
There are 31,000
British standards.
13. Introduction to Building Services Engineering
13
■ Legislation is laws or regulations that have been
approved by the British parliament, which aims to
safeguard or govern the way work is done.
■ British and European standards (BS EN) – goods
and services are marked to show that they meet the
requirements of specific standards within designated
schemes. In the past, British standards used to be
a series of numbers preceded by BS. Today, most
standards are BS EN, which means they are both
British and European standards. There are also ISO
standards, which are international.
■ Codes of practice set out the professional standards
usually required by an organisation, for example the
Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors.
They are designed to improve industry practices and
to recognise highly skilled individuals.
Building Regulations
These are designed to ensure that all buildings, from
design through to construction, are safe, healthy,
accessible and sustainable. They aim to improve
building controls and to ensure compliance with the law.
The new Building Regulations came into force in October
2010. These sections are particularly important:
■ Part G – sanitation, hot water safety and water
efficiency
■ Part F – ventilation in buildings
■ Part J – heat-producing appliances
■ Part L – conservation of fuel and power
■ Part P – electrical safety
Did you know
The Health and
Safety at Work
etc. Act (1974)
is an example of
legislation.
Fig. 1.6 Part G of the
Building Regulations
14. 14
Access to Building Services Engineering
Consideration should also be given to Part A (Structural
safety) and Part B (Fire safety), both of which can be
affected by building services installation methods.
Competent Person Scheme
This allows individuals or businesses to self-certify that they
comply with Building Regulations. It was introduced by the
government to guarantee that work complies with the law.
The Competent Person Scheme covers many aspects of
building work including:
■ installation and replacement of roof coverings
■ cavity wall insulation
■ systems such as electrics and plumbing
■ solid- and oil-fuelled burners and boilers and their
associated hot water and heating systems.
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act (HASAWA) (1974)
This piece of legislation aims to encourage businesses
to manage health and safety risks, for example by
providing appropriate training and facilities. It also
covers first aid, accidents and ill health.
HASAWA applies to all building services engineers
across the sector, whatever their work location. The
Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is responsible for
enforcing the act.
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous
Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) (1995)
This legislation makes it a duty to report accidents,
occupational diseases and ‘near misses’ to the HSE. For
Fig. 1.8 ELECSA, owned
by the ECA (Electrical
Contractors’ Association) is
an example of a Competent
Person Scheme specifically for
electrical work
Did you know
You can read a full
list of all types of
work covered by the
Competent Person
Scheme at: www.
communities.gov.
uk (document
09BD05896).
Fig. 1.7 NAPIT (National
Association of Professional
Inspectors and Testers) is an
example of a Competent
Person Scheme
15. Introduction to Building Services Engineering
15
example, if you discovered a gas appliance or fitting
that you considered to be dangerous, you would need
to contact the HSE immediately via its Incident Contact
Centre or website.
Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations (1997)
This requires employers to carry out a comprehensive
fire risk assessment and to provide the necessary fire
precautions, including means of detection and escape,
and fire-fighting equipment.
Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals)
Regulations (1996)
Whenever a risk has not been entirely eliminated or
completely controlled, safety signs should be used. Any
unfamiliar signs must be explained to employees and
visitors to the site.
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations
(PUWER) (1998)
PUWER concerns health and safety risks related to
equipment used at work. It states that any risks arising
from the use of equipment must either be prevented or
controlled, and all suitable safety measures must have
been taken. In addition, tools need to be:
■ suitable for their intended use
■ safe
■ well maintained
■ used only by those who have been trained to do so.
Fig. 1.9 By law, all
workplaces must have suitable
fire-fighting equipment
Fig. 1.10 By law, employers
must display appropriate
safety signs
16. 16
Access to Building Services Engineering
Electricity at Work Regulations (EWR) (1989)
These provide safety standards regarding the use of
electricity. They require individuals and businesses to be
responsible for the compliance of the regulations as far
as ‘is reasonably practicable’.
Fig. 1.12 PPE includes
clothing and equipment to
protect against risks in the
workplace
Fig. 1.11 All electrical work is governed by the Electricity at
Work Regulations (EWR) (1989)
Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations
(1992)
This law states that employers must provide employees
with personal protective equipment (PPE) at work whenever
there is a risk to health and safety. PPE needs to be:
■ suitable for the work to be done
■ well maintained or replaced
■ properly stored
■ correctly used at all times, so employees must be
trained how to use it appropriately.
17. Introduction to Building Services Engineering
17
British and European standards
There are several British and European standards that
relate to all areas of construction work. They fall into seven
different categories, as described in the table below.
Area of construction Examples of British and European standards
Design Mainly used by architects, design engineers, developers and
main contractors – they cover areas such as building types,
environmental engineering, concrete and plaster, plant and
equipment
Structures Mainly used by structural engineers – they cover foundations,
piles and the use of steel and timber
Construction products Mainly for manufacturers, inspectors and testers, covering
concrete, responsible sourcing and other materials
Built environment engineering This covers heating, ventilation, air conditioning and the
installation of gas appliances, as well as electrical installation
– it includes flueing and ventilation, and installation and
maintenance
Infrastructure These cover energy and water, such as sanitary installations, supply
of water and roof drainage
Site operations These cover mobile machinery, equipment, noise, environmental
pollution and overall site safety
Facilities management These cover the building maintenance and administration – they
include emergency lighting and fire risk assessment
Codes of practice
Another part of the work of The British Standards
Institution (BSI) is to create a range of codes of practice,
or recommendations. These also fall into the seven
categories, as shown in the table above.
Did you know
BS EN have
largely replaced
the old BS (British
Standards). The BS
EN are European
specifications.
18. 18
Access to Building Services Engineering
Area of construction Examples of codes of practice
Design ■ BS 8300 requires those designing buildings to meet the needs of
disabled people
■ BS 9999 requires the design of the building to have acceptable
levels of fire safety
Structures ■ BS 5268 covers the structural use of timber in building
■ BS 5950 covers the structural use of steelwork in building
Construction products ■ BS 8214 recommends specifications for fire doors
■ BS 5395 covers the design and building of staircases
Built environment
engineering
■ BS 5440-1:2008 covers flueing and ventilation for gas
appliances of rated input not exceeding 70 kW net
■ BS 5871-4:2007 covers specification for the installation and
maintenance of gas fires, convector heaters, fire/back boilers
and decorative fuel effect gas appliances
Infrastructure ■ BS 6465 gives recommendations on the selection, installation
and maintenance of sanitary systems
■ BS 8515 covers rainwater harvesting
Site operations ■ BS 5228 covers noise and vibration control on sites
■ BS 7121 covers the use of cranes and lorry loaders
Facilities management ■ BS 5266 covers emergency lighting
Other codes of practice
Certain councils or boroughs also have their own codes
of practice that they expect developers and contractors
to follow. These will often include:
■ demolition ■ site clearance
■ construction ■ maintenance and repair.
Usually, a code of practice will apply not only to work being
carried out for the authority, but to all work in the area. This
is often referred to as a Code of Construction Practice.
Did you know
Westminster City
Council has a Code
of Construction
Practice at: www.
westminster.gov.uk
In Scotland, a
broader code can
be found at: www.
scottish.parliament.
uk
19. 19
Introduction to Building Services Engineering
check your knowledge
Level 1
1. Why are fibre optic cables used instead of older-style copper wiring on
some projects?
2. What is the main difference between ventilation and air conditioning?
3. What type of components would refrigeration and air conditioning systems
use?
4. Who would normally be involved in planning the look and construction of
a building?
5. What are the main functions of a domestic plumber?
6. Which trade professionals might a heating installer work with on a regular
basis?
7. Suggest three different types of location where an air conditioning
engineer might work.
8. What are the alternative terms used to describe a power circuit?