Abscess
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An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissues of the body. Abscesses can form in different locations including the skin, lungs, brain, teeth, and kidneys. They are caused by bacteria like MRSA or parasites and can be complications of conditions like IV drug use, surgery, spinal issues, or inflammatory bowel disease. The body forms abscesses as a defensive reaction to contain infectious material. Left untreated, abscesses can spread and cause serious complications like gangrene, septicemia, or shock. Skin abscesses have a good prognosis but internal abscesses are more difficult to diagnose and treat and pose a greater health risk.
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Gangrene
Gangrene occurs when tissues die due to lack of blood flow and oxygen. There are three main types: dry gangrene caused by lack of oxygen, wet gangrene caused by bacterial infection which is more dangerous, and gas gangrene caused by Clostridia bacteria. Symptoms include pain, swelling, discoloration and odor. Treatments depend on the type but may include antibiotics, surgery to improve blood flow, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, debriding dead tissue, and amputation of severely affected body parts.
Wound healing
The document discusses the process of wound healing. It begins with definitions of wound healing as the process by which skin or other tissue repairs itself after trauma. The stages of wound healing are then outlined as: 1) inflammation, 2) wound contraction, 3) epithelization, 4) granulation tissue formation, and 5) scar remodeling. Each stage is described in 1-2 sentences. For example, inflammation involves platelet adherence, vasoconstriction/dilation, and local inflammatory response. Granulation tissue formation involves proliferation of connective tissue and development of new blood vessels to form granulation tissue.
Treatment & Complications of wound
This document discusses various types and procedures for wound treatment and suturing. It provides guidance on primary suturing for wounds within hours of injury after ensuring no foreign bodies or additional injuries are present. It also covers wound excision and primary/delayed primary suturing when edges are jagged or tissues are contaminated or devitalized. Secondary suturing after 7-14 days to control infection is also described. Complications of wound healing like infection and scarring are outlined. Finally, factors affecting wound healing are discussed, including age, nutrition, diabetes, poor blood supply, infection, wound position and movements.
Gangrene and amputation
Gangrene is the death of soft tissue due to loss of blood supply. There are three main types: dry, wet, and gas gangrene. Dry gangrene develops slowly over years from conditions like atherosclerosis or diabetes that impair circulation. Wet gangrene occurs when an infected wound or bedsores cause blocked blood flow. Gas gangrene is a deadly form caused by Clostridium bacteria that produce toxins and gases. Risk factors include old age, diabetes, vascular diseases, injuries, and smoking. Signs may include pain, discoloration, foul discharge, and fever. Treatment involves wound cleaning, antibiotics, surgery like amputation or debridement, and hyperbaric oxygen for gas gangrene. Prevention focuses
Gangrene
Gangrene results from necrosis or putrefaction of tissue due to infection. It can be caused by arterial obstruction from conditions like thrombosis, embolism, diabetes, or physical agents like burns, frostbite, or chemicals. There are three main types of gangrene: wet gangrene caused by severe bacterial infection on top of necrosis and found in internal organs or exposed parts; dry gangrene caused by gradual blood supply obstruction and found on exposed parts; and gas gangrene which has gas formation in addition to wet gangrene and is found on exposed parts. Treatment involves addressing predisposing factors and amputation of the gangrenous part to prevent spreading.
Gangrene #Types of gangrene
There are two main types of gangrene: dry gangrene and wet gangrene. Dry gangrene occurs in distal parts of limbs due to reduced blood flow and tissue death. Wet gangrene affects moist tissues like the mouth, bowel, and skin under pressure in bedridden patients. Gas gangrene is a variant of wet gangrene caused by gas-forming bacteria that enter through wounds, causing tissue swelling, pain, and a foul odor.
Fungal infections
Fungal infections are caused by yeasts and molds and can affect the skin, mucous membranes, lungs, and brain. Globally, millions of cases occur annually of various fungal diseases like aspergillosis, cryptococcal meningitis, candidemia, pneumocystis pneumonia, and histoplasmosis. Risk factors include medical conditions weakening the immune system, surgery, catheters, medication use like antibiotics and steroids. Symptoms vary depending on infection site but may include skin lesions, oral and vaginal thrush, nail and lung infections. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, microscopy, and culture testing. Treatment involves antifungal medications like fluconazole, itracon
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Gangrene
Gangrene occurs when tissues die due to lack of blood flow and oxygen. There are three main types: dry gangrene caused by lack of oxygen, wet gangrene caused by bacterial infection which is more dangerous, and gas gangrene caused by Clostridia bacteria. Symptoms include pain, swelling, discoloration and odor. Treatments depend on the type but may include antibiotics, surgery to improve blood flow, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, debriding dead tissue, and amputation of severely affected body parts.
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Gangrene
Gangrene results from necrosis or putrefaction of tissue due to infection. It can be caused by arterial obstruction from conditions like thrombosis, embolism, diabetes, or physical agents like burns, frostbite, or chemicals. There are three main types of gangrene: wet gangrene caused by severe bacterial infection on top of necrosis and found in internal organs or exposed parts; dry gangrene caused by gradual blood supply obstruction and found on exposed parts; and gas gangrene which has gas formation in addition to wet gangrene and is found on exposed parts. Treatment involves addressing predisposing factors and amputation of the gangrenous part to prevent spreading.
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2. Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida yeasts, most commonly Candida albicans. It can cause infections in warm, moist areas of the body like the mouth, throat, genitals, under breasts, and between fingers. Risk factors include diabetes, obesity, pregnancy, steroid use, and weakened immunity.
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Give five presentation tips used when doing presentationDQ-1.docx
Give five presentation tips used when doing presentation
DQ-1
Impetigo is a disease characterized by superficial infection of the skin that begins as small vesicles. These vesicles rupture and for crust. The crust is honey colored with a presentation of bullous or non-bullous. The risk factors in developing impetigo are being exposed to humind environment , insect bites, minor cuts and poor hygiene. Non-bullous vesicles are 1 to 2mm in diameter that rupture and form a honey colored crust. These wound often time weep and present as red colored shallow ulcerations. These are common on the patients mouth, face, nose,eyes. They can arise from insect bites or trauma. Bullous type most common in newborn babies presented on their diaper area or neck folds. These infections if left untreated may become systemin infections such as sepsis (Moes-Wójtowicz, Wachnicka-Bąk, Agnieszka Opałka,Kalicki, Jung,2015). These vesicles are fluid filled blisters that become limp and then burst open. Upon assessment of the patient history and chief complaint I will assess for risks mentioned above and see if the patient has any of these risks. Second, I will identify if the vesicles are as described above. If the patient meets criteria, I will then swab the area for culture. These skin conditions often are associated with bacterial infections such as in group Strep infections (Corredor-Osorio,Corredor-Osorio,Corredor-Osorio, 2016). Differential diagnosis consists of herpes simplex, insect bites and dermatitis. The treatment for this are topic antibiotics and frequently washing of the area that is infected. In severe cases systeming antibitics may be required for this infection. Children that are infected may not return to school until infection is controlled.
Corredor-Osorio, R., Corredor-Osorio, M., & Corredor-Osorio, A. (2016). Eyelid nonbullous impetigo. Our Dermatology Online / Nasza Dermatologia Online, 7(3), 291–293. https://doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20163.78
Alicja Moes-Wójtowicz, Anna Wachnicka-Bąk, Agnieszka Lipińska-Opałka, Bolesław Kalicki, & Anna Jung. (2015). Impetigo asacause of sepsis ininfants. Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna, 11(2), 220–226. https://doi.org/10.15557/PiMR.2015.0021
DQ-2
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant epithelial neoplasm skin cancer worldwide (Liu, Liu, & Bian, 2020). Risk factors include gender, age, immunosuppression, chemicals (arsenic), and ultraviolet light exposure. BCC is more prevalent in Caucasian males, typically, after the age of 40 years, and develops slowly in exposed areas of the body, such as the scalp, face, ears, neck, and trunk (Liu et al., 2020). Ultraviolet radiation exposure is the most common cause of BCC. There are various presentations of BCC. Typically, nodular BCC presents as a pearly, translucent nodule with a firm elevated border, visible telangiectatic vessels, and a depressed center with or without ulceration (Balaji, Duraisamy, & Kumar, 2019). Other BCCs can incl.
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such as diabetes, adequate hydration, and antibiotics and are mainstay of initial treatment. Surgical
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mucoromycosis is a fungal infection mostly caused by saprophytic molds.
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cutaneous mucoromycosis,
sub-cutaneous mucoromycosis,
disseminated mucoromycosis.
this ppt will gives you an overview regarding mucoromycosis its causative agent, parthenogenesis and lab diagnosis and treatment.
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7. Fungal infections
1. Dermatophytes are fungi that infect the dead keratin of skin, hair, and nails. They can spread from person to person, animals to people, or soil to people. Common sites of infection include the scalp, beard, body, groin, hands, feet, and nails.
2. Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida yeasts, most commonly Candida albicans. It can cause infections in warm, moist areas of the body like the mouth, throat, genitals, under breasts, and between fingers. Risk factors include diabetes, obesity, pregnancy, steroid use, and weakened immunity.
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Impetigo is a disease characterized by superficial infection of the skin that begins as small vesicles. These vesicles rupture and for crust. The crust is honey colored with a presentation of bullous or non-bullous. The risk factors in developing impetigo are being exposed to humind environment , insect bites, minor cuts and poor hygiene. Non-bullous vesicles are 1 to 2mm in diameter that rupture and form a honey colored crust. These wound often time weep and present as red colored shallow ulcerations. These are common on the patients mouth, face, nose,eyes. They can arise from insect bites or trauma. Bullous type most common in newborn babies presented on their diaper area or neck folds. These infections if left untreated may become systemin infections such as sepsis (Moes-Wójtowicz, Wachnicka-Bąk, Agnieszka Opałka,Kalicki, Jung,2015). These vesicles are fluid filled blisters that become limp and then burst open. Upon assessment of the patient history and chief complaint I will assess for risks mentioned above and see if the patient has any of these risks. Second, I will identify if the vesicles are as described above. If the patient meets criteria, I will then swab the area for culture. These skin conditions often are associated with bacterial infections such as in group Strep infections (Corredor-Osorio,Corredor-Osorio,Corredor-Osorio, 2016). Differential diagnosis consists of herpes simplex, insect bites and dermatitis. The treatment for this are topic antibiotics and frequently washing of the area that is infected. In severe cases systeming antibitics may be required for this infection. Children that are infected may not return to school until infection is controlled.
Corredor-Osorio, R., Corredor-Osorio, M., & Corredor-Osorio, A. (2016). Eyelid nonbullous impetigo. Our Dermatology Online / Nasza Dermatologia Online, 7(3), 291–293. https://doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20163.78
Alicja Moes-Wójtowicz, Anna Wachnicka-Bąk, Agnieszka Lipińska-Opałka, Bolesław Kalicki, & Anna Jung. (2015). Impetigo asacause of sepsis ininfants. Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna, 11(2), 220–226. https://doi.org/10.15557/PiMR.2015.0021
DQ-2
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant epithelial neoplasm skin cancer worldwide (Liu, Liu, & Bian, 2020). Risk factors include gender, age, immunosuppression, chemicals (arsenic), and ultraviolet light exposure. BCC is more prevalent in Caucasian males, typically, after the age of 40 years, and develops slowly in exposed areas of the body, such as the scalp, face, ears, neck, and trunk (Liu et al., 2020). Ultraviolet radiation exposure is the most common cause of BCC. There are various presentations of BCC. Typically, nodular BCC presents as a pearly, translucent nodule with a firm elevated border, visible telangiectatic vessels, and a depressed center with or without ulceration (Balaji, Duraisamy, & Kumar, 2019). Other BCCs can incl.
Jón Hjaltalín Ólafsson, Roderick James Hay (eds.) - Antibiotic and Antifungal...
This chapter discusses common bacterial skin infections, focusing on impetigo. Impetigo is a contagious primary skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes that involves the outer layer of the skin. It often affects children and people in disadvantaged communities. There are two main types: crusted impetigo and bullous impetigo. Crusted impetigo is caused by S. aureus or S. pyogenes and presents as crusty sores, while bullous impetigo causes blisters due to staphylococcal toxins and can be localized or widespread. The diagnosis is based on clinical examination as sampling is often not possible.
Wounds and Wound healing..pptx
1. Cellulitis is a spreading bacterial skin infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. It is commonly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes and other gram-positive bacteria.
2. Symptoms include fever, swelling, pain, tenderness, and redness of the infected area. It can progress rapidly and spread deeper without treatment.
3. Treatment involves oral antibiotics such as dicloxacillin or amoxicillin for mild cases. More severe infections require intravenous antibiotics in the hospital. Prevention focuses on good skin hygiene and wound care.
Current concept in Wound care
1) The document discusses current trends in wound management, outlining the phases of wound healing and factors that affect it.
2) Key aspects of wound management covered include wound bed preparation through debridement and dressing, as well as various closure methods and the use of negative pressure wound therapy.
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scar.ppt
Dr. Hiwa Omer Ahmed is a professor of general and bariatric surgery at the University of Sulaimani College of Medicine. The document discusses scar formation and healing, outlining the three phases of inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. It also examines factors that affect scarring such as wound characteristics, patient health, surgical technique, and postoperative care. The types of scars like hypertrophic, keloid, and mature scars are also defined.
WOUNDS.pptx
This document discusses wound management. It defines a wound and outlines the specific objectives of understanding wound classification, types, healing process, and management. It describes the typical stages of wound healing as inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Wounds are classified by factors like depth, contamination level, and amount of tissue loss. Primary intention healing involves closing tissue surfaces while secondary and tertiary intention involve tissue loss. Proper wound management includes assessment, debridement, irrigation, antibiotics, dressing and factors that can complicate healing.
Folliculitis
This document defines and describes folliculitis, including causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It provides details on:
- Folliculitis is an infection and inflammation of hair follicles that causes red bumps or pus-filled blisters. Common causes are bacteria (especially staph), viruses, fungi or ingrown hairs.
- There are two main types - superficial involving the upper part of the follicle and deep involving the lower part or whole follicle. Deep types include boils, carbuncles or sycosis barbae.
- Diagnosis involves examination of symptoms and signs. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, anti-fungals, reducing inflammation, draining pus or preventing
3.) How to Diagnose Fungus Diseases.ppt
Fungus diseases can be diagnosed through clinical clues, culture of the etiologic agent, and appearance in tissue. Clinical clues are often only suggestive. Culture of the agent is important to prove the etiology, with Sabouraud's medium most useful. Appearance in tissue can be seen through microscopy techniques like KOH examination, histopathology with stains like PAS, or GMS. The fungi may appear as yeasts, sporangia, hyphae, granules, sclerotic bodies, or a combination of yeast and hyphae depending on the disease. Definitive diagnosis relies on culture identification and correlating microscopic appearance in tissue.
Week 6_Dermatology nursing science notes
This document provides information about a dermatology module including the learning outcomes, common skin conditions and their treatments, diagnostic procedures, nursing care plans, ethical and medico-legal considerations, and health education principles. The module aims to help students identify skin lesions, design nursing care plans, describe health education, and discuss ethical and legal issues related to caring for patients with skin disorders. It covers 10 common conditions like folliculitis, furuncles, impetigo, herpes, warts, tinea, scabies, pediculosis, dermatitis, and basal cell carcinoma.
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The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
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Abscess
- 1. Abscess part 1 Dr md shahriar kabir, BHMS (DU) Lecturer, Chronic disease, case taking & repertory Govt. Homoeopathic Medical College Mirpur14, Dhaka 1206 Bangladesh web: www.microdoshomoeopathi.com E-mail: microdoshirok@gmail.com Phone: +8801712966190 1/20/2018 www.microdoshomoeopathi.com 1
- 2. Introduction An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissues of the body. 1/20/2018 www.microdoshomoeopathi.com 2
- 3. Locations & types Skin- cutaneous or sub cutaneous abscess Lungs- internal abscess. Brain- internal abscess. Teeth- internal abscess. Kidneys- internal abscess. Tonsils - internal abscess. 1/20/2018 www.microdoshomoeopathi.com 3
- 4. Carbuncles & boils They are some types of abscess that often involve hair follicles, with carbuncles being larger. 1/20/2018 www.microdoshomoeopathi.com 4
- 5. Causes • Bacteria: Methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus • parasite: Dracunculiasis & myiasis • Intravenous drugs use. • Surgical incisions. • Disc herniation & others spinal abnormality. • Inflammatory bowel diseases( Crohn's disease). • Diabetes. 1/20/2018 www.microdoshomoeopathi.com 5
- 6. Pathophysiology It is a defensive reaction of the tissues- to prevent the spread of infectious material to others parts of the body. 1. The organism kill the local cells by release of cytokines. 2. The cytokines trigger an inflammatory response. 3. Which draw large numbers of WBC to the area & increase the regional blood flow. 4. Wall- capsule, that is formed by the adjacent healthy cells in an attempt to keep the puss from infecting neighboring structures. 5. Such encapsulation tends to prevent immune cells from attacking bacteria in the pus or from reaching the causative organisms. 1/20/2018 www.microdoshomoeopathi.com 6
- 7. Signs & symptoms In skin abscess :- Redness; heat; swelling; pain ; high temperature ; chill & loss of functions. In internal abscess:- Pain in affected area; high temperature And present with affected aria related others symptoms. Perianal abscess:- Lump of tissues near the anus 1/20/2018 www.microdoshomoeopathi.com 7
- 8. Complications Spreading of the abscess materials to adjacent tissues or remote tissues. Tissues death. Gangrene. Septicemia. Systemic shock. 1/20/2018 www.microdoshomoeopathi.com 8
- 9. Prognosis Skin abscess are common & prognosis is not bad. Internal abscess are harder to diagnose & more serious. It may become critical with septicemia; may Couse systemic shock. 1/20/2018 www.microdoshomoeopathi.com 9