1. ABORTION By: Christine G. dela Cruz

3. Dr. Andre E. Hellegers - Defined abortion as termination of pregnancy spontaneously or by induction prior to viability. Thereafter, termination of pregnancy is called delivery.

5. Family Planning

6. Health

7. Rape incest

8. Age

10. Philippines:

11. Article II, Section 12 of the 1986 Philippine Constitution- “The state recognizes the sanctity of life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception.”

13. Practices in the Philippines: Folk Medicine Hilotsare usually rural or small-town individuals who come from a long line of local chiropractors. Hilots have basic knowledge of Filipino herbology, just like the albularyos, and use various pre-natal and post-natal techniques such as suob. Traditionally, infants who were delivered by a hilot usually undergo pagbubuhos, wherein the midwife immerses the baby in water.

14. Although a hilot is required to register herself annually at the local municipal hall, this is not strictly enforced. This is because anyone can help deliver a baby as long as they have the knowledge of postpartum care and massage. Another source of folk abortifacients are the vendors of abortion drugs made from herbs, such as those sold in the vicinity of Quiapo Church.

15. Surgery Abortion surgeries are uncommon in the Philippines due to the public's view of morality. However, many hospitals and medical centers can perform post-abortion care for mothers with very few complications.

16. Modern Medicine Abortion drugs such as Misoprostol (Cytotec), Methotrexate, Mifeprex (or RU486) and Mifepristone are also used as an alternative to folk medicine. This is because many women believe that other drugs are unsafe to ingest. However, since these pills are only available under prescription, it is illegal for pharmacists to distribute the drug without the permission of the mother's physician. This method is usually used by women whose lives are endangered by pregnancy.

17. 3 General viewpoints of Abortion: The conservative The liberal The moderate or intermediate

19. States that abortion is always permissible, whatever the state of fetal development may be. If women are truly to be liberated, this view contends, they must ultimately have full freedom to control their own reproductive capacities.

25. Menstrual regulation (MR). - This involves the use of suction or vacuumaspiration to terminate a very early pregnancy (usually the first few weeks). -A powerful suction tube with a sharp cutting edge is inserted into the womb through the dilated cervix. The suction dismembers the body of the developing baby and tears the placenta from the wall of the uterus, sucking blood, amniotic fluid, placental tissue, and fetal parts into a collection bottle.

28. - Bricanyl (generic name: terbutaline) is perceived as an abortifacient in large doses but in reality, the drug actually delays labor rather than inducing an abortion. -One widely used drug, misoprostol (Cytotec) is actually a drug used to prevent ulcers but has abortion as a side effect. - Another drug called RU486 (Mifepristone) is now legal in China and a few European countries.

30. Salt Poisoning. - Is used after 16 weeks of pregnancy, when enough fluid has accumulated in the amniotic fluid sac surrounding the baby. A needle is inserted through the mother’s abdomen and 50-250 ml of amniotic fluid is withdrawn and replaced with a solution of concentrated salt. The chemical solution also causes painful burning and deterioration of the baby’s skin. The baby breathes in, swallowing the salt, and is poisoned. Usually, after about an hour, the child dies. The mother goes into labor about 33 to 35 hours after and delivers a burned, and shriveled baby left to die.

32. Hysterotomy. - Similar to the Caesarean Section, this is used if chemical methods such as salt poisoning or prostaglandins fail . Incisions are made in the abdomen and uterus. The baby, placenta, and amniotic sac are removed. Babies are sometimes born alive during this procedure, raising questions as to how and when these infants are killed and by whom.

35. Therapeutic Abortion -Deliberately induced expulsion of a living fetus in order to save the mother from the danger of death brought on by pregnancy. Eugenic Abortion/Selective Abortion or Abortion on fetal indications - This is recommended in cases where certain defects are discovered in the developing fetus. - It is termed eugenic because it is meant to get rid of abnormal babies, and thus prevent them from “contaminating” the human species.

36. Indirect Abortion - The removal of the fetus occurs as a secondary effect of a legitimate or licit action, which is direct and primary object of the intention.

38. Ectopic pregnancies - Cold sweat

39. Menstrual disturbances - intense pain

40. Stillbirths - Loss of other organs

41. Bleeding - Insomnia

42. Shock - Loss of appetite

43. Coma - Weight loss

45. Suicidal tendencies - Loss of interest in sex

46. Loss of sense of fulfillment - Inability to forgive oneself

47. Mourning - Nightmares and

48. Loss of confidence frustrations

49. Lower self-esteem - thwarted maternal instinct

50. Hostility - intense interest in

51. Self- destructive behavior babies

52. Anger

54. -THE END-