When it comes to planetarium shows, “questions and answers” is our absolutely favourite time. But last week one primary school visitors took Q&A to the next level. They came to their Wonderdome Astronomy lesson with questions already prepared and written down! More questions came up during the show, so some of the prepared questions we didn’t have time to go through. There was only one thing we could do!
A solar system refers to a star and all the objects that travel in orbit around it. Our solar system consists of the sun - our star - eight planets and their natural satellites (such as our moon); dwarf planets; asteroids and comets. Our solar system is located in an outward spiral of the Milky Way galaxy.
When it comes to planetarium shows, “questions and answers” is our absolutely favourite time. But last week one primary school visitors took Q&A to the next level. They came to their Wonderdome Astronomy lesson with questions already prepared and written down! More questions came up during the show, so some of the prepared questions we didn’t have time to go through. There was only one thing we could do!
A solar system refers to a star and all the objects that travel in orbit around it. Our solar system consists of the sun - our star - eight planets and their natural satellites (such as our moon); dwarf planets; asteroids and comets. Our solar system is located in an outward spiral of the Milky Way galaxy.
Astronomy - State of the Art - ExoplanetsChris Impey
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the dramatic discoveries of exoplanets or extra-solar planets are discussed.
Astronomy - State of the Art - ExoplanetsChris Impey
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the dramatic discoveries of exoplanets or extra-solar planets are discussed.
A short glimpse of geology of the planet Mars. Good for undergraduate and post-graduate students of geology, geography, earth and planetary sciences, astronomy.
Hunting geo famous Martian landmarks using WorldWide Telescope (WWT).
Watch the virtual tour in the WWT/Mars application.
Find the next interest points using the search option:
- Cydonia -"Face on Mars“; "Olympus Mons" – the biggest volcano from our solar system; “Valles Marineris” – the biggest canyon from planet Mars; “Gusev Crater”.
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the Solar System is explored, including place where biology might exist.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. Mars
Madness
Men
are
from
Mars
–
but
women
can
be
mar1ans
too!
Planetary
Scien0st:
A
STEM
Career
C.
J.
Hansen-‐Koharcheck,
Ph.D.
4
January
2016
CO2
(Dry
Ice)
3. Mars is the 4th
planet from the
sun
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
4.
5. Our best views of
Mars come from
robotic spacecraft
• The first spacecraft
arrived at Mars over 30
years ago
• We have 3 orbiters
and 2 rovers operating
there right now
• One of the rovers has
been there since 2004
• The other landed in
August 2012
Exploration Theme: Follow the water
6. The desert planet
Very cold,
very dry
Like the earth, Mars
has mountains,
volcanoes, a giant
canyon, impact craters,
polar caps, dust devils,
clouds and an amazing
number of sand dunes
There is water on
Mars but today it is
all frozen. (The
average temperature
is -81F). Ice forms
permanent polar caps
and is frozen into the
soil like permafrost in
Alaska.
7. Very cold,
very dry
• Composed of
carbon dioxide
• Pressure ~ 10 mB
~ 1% of earth
• At this pressure
liquid water will
boil directly into
the atmosphere
• Clouds of ice
crystals
• CO2 snow
Mars has an atmosphere
8. Step 1: Mission Concept
What do we know /
What do we
want to learn?
• Scientists define
science objectives
• NASA / Congress
decide whether or
not to fly the
mission, and what
the scope of the
mission will be
Mars2020 Rover
How NASA carries out solar
system exploration
9. Step 2 – Select science instruments
and design and build the spacecraft
• Requires (think STEM!)
– Scientists to describe measurements to be made
– Engineers to design instruments and the spacecraft to
carry them to their destination
– Engineers and technicians to build and test the hardware
– Managers to plan schedules and keep the project within
the budget available
A. Instruments (“Payload”) and science teams selected
B. Spacecraft and instruments designed and built
C. Test the assembled hardware
D. Ship spacecraft to Florida and connect to launch vehicle
10. High Resolution
Imaging Science
Experiment
(HiRISE)
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
With HiRISE we can view Mars at
geologists’ scale, detecting objects
~1m in size from an orbit 300 km
above the surface of Mars
Launched 2005
Began science observations late 2006
We wrote a proposal, and got selected, to
build this camera in 2001;
I am a member of the science team
HiRISE is a 1600 megapixel camera
11. Tharsis Largest volcanic province on Mars
4 large volcanoes
Eruptions began ~4 billion years ago
Olympus Mons is the largest volcano in the solar system
44.25° S 336.75° E
56.75° N
271.12° E
0°
~600 km
44.25° S 336.75° E
56.75° N
271.12° E
0°
~600 km
Olympus Mons
Arsia Mons
Pavonis Mons
Ascraeus Mons
Volcanoes on
Mars
At one time scientists
thought that all rocks on
Mars were igneous
12. Olympus Mons, the
largest volcano in the
solar system
21 km high = 69,000 ft
(3x Mt. Everest)
Most similar to the
Mauna Loa shield
volcano in Hawaii,
8 km high
16. Valles Marineris: Super-Sized
Canyon on Mars
Earth’s Grand Canyon
was formed by water
erosion
Mars’ Valles Marineris
is a tectonic feature,
where the crust split,
due to the upward
pressure of the Tharsis
volcanic province
In the canyon walls we
see layers of volcanic
ash and / or
sedimentary rock
18. Layering is common in ancient
terrains on Mars
We are working on
understanding the composition
of these layers to understand
Mars’ history
PSP_004091_1325
19. Layers near Valles Marineris
Noctis
Labyrinthus
Just like on
earth we
study layers
to
understand
the geologic
history
Different layers
formed by
groundwater
infiltration
PSP_008538_1685_IRB
20. Mars may have been warm and
wet long ago
• There is evidence
that liquid water
flowed on the surface
of Mars over 3
billion years ago
• We see river beds
and deltas
• Catastrophic floods
carved channels
Dendritic channels indicative of river flow
22. Similar Rock Outcrops on Mars and
Earth - Dry Stream Bed on Mars
• Rounded gravel fragments
within the rock outcrop on Mars
(left) and earth (right)
• Gravel fragments become round
by transport, by wind or water
• Some fragments are too large to
be transported by wind
• There must have been water
streams transporting the gravel
fragments
Picture from the Curiousity Rover
Orbiters get global view
Rovers provide ground truth in limited areas
23. Liquid
Water on
Mars Today
• Recurrent Slope
Lineae (RSLs)
discovered in
HiRISE images
• Only active in the
summer
• Only in a narrow
latitude band
24. Recurring Slope Lineae on Mars
Flows of liquid water
on Mars today!
Must be very salty to
remain liquid in
Mars’ low pressure
atmosphere
Could there be life?
25. Mars’ Polar Caps
• At both poles, Mars has permanent polar caps composed of water
ice
• At the south pole the permanent water ice cap is covered with CO2
ice (dry ice)
• Both poles are also covered seasonally with dry ice that condenses
down to ~550 latitude
• The seasonal caps are very active in the spring when the dry ice
sublimates (evaporates)
SPRC
27. Landing on Mars
• The first successful landers on Mars were the Vikings
• Two spacecraft, landed in 1976, sent back data for 6 years
• The first rover, Pathfinder/Sojourner, landed in 1997
• Two more rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, landed in 2004
• Phoenix landed in the north polar region in 2007
• The latest Mars rover, Curiosity, landed 5 August 2012
• Next will be InSight, 2020 launch
• Then Mars2020, with a 2020 launch
28. Rover Family now on Mars
Curiousity, the latest rover to land on Mars, touched down 5 August 2012
Spirit / Opportunity, Sojourner, and Curiosity
30. The Movie “The Martian”
• Pathfinder is the rover he is digging up…
31. The Martian – what the landing site really looks like
• They got the sand right!
• But martian wind could never blow the MAV over
HiRISE image
32. Western Edge of Marth Crater
uahirise.org/
ESP_042252_1930
In the book “The Martian” by Andy Weir, stranded
astronaut Mark Watney is headed for the Ares 4
landing site but encounters the rim of Marth Crater
just as a dust storm arrives. This HiRISE image
shows the nature of this terrain.
The Trip to be Rescued
35. Dust Devil in Action
Spirit caught this dust devil going by in a series of images,
making up a time-lapse sequence
36. Gale Crater
Landing Site
for Curiosity
• Landing site in Gale Crater selected based on presence
of clay minerals because clay is consistent with lots of
water in the past
The destination for
NASA’s latest rover
37. • Bigger, better
• Launch was in 2011
• Landing 5 August
2012
• Destination: Mt. Sharp
in the center of Gale
Crater
Mars Science Lab
“Curiosity”
Rover selfie on Mars
39. 3 years, 10 km Later
Numbers
are days
on Mars
#976 was
in May,
2015
40. Do what you came to do!
• Requires
– Scientists to plan observations, analyze data, write
papers to document new results
– Engineers to operate the spacecraft and instruments
– Engineers to operate the Deep Space Network antennas
to receive data around the world
– Programmers to write specialized software
– Reporters and educators to communicate the
discoveries
Step 3: Carry out science observations
41. Step 3: Carry out science observations
Plan where to drill
Test experiments in
the lab before carrying
them out on the rover
42. HiRISE Team in
Snow Canyon
We learn about Mars by studying
similar places on Earth
44. What does a planetary scientist
do? (What do I do?)
• In charge of the “seasonal processes” science theme
– Formulate hypotheses
– Plan what pictures to take when (to test hypotheses)
– Analyze the images
– Share ideas and data with my colleagues at team meetings and
conferences
– Write papers with new understanding of what is happening on
Mars
• Several times per year plan entire picture-taking sequence,
set up camera configuration
• Working on a coffee table book of HiRISE images
45. Seasonal Processes on Mars
In the winter Mars’ polar region is covered with a
seasonal polar cap composed of dry ice
46. Seasonal Processes on Mars
• In the spring the ice turns to gas
• The gas coming off the bottom of the ice layer gets trapped
until the pressure builds enough to rupture the ice layer
• The gas escapes, carrying bits of the surface dirt with it
47. Seasonal Activity on Dunes
• These dunes are adjacent to the permanent
(water ice) polar cap
• Sand falls from the crest of the dunes in the
spring
PSP_007962_2635
Lat = 83.5
Lon = 118.5
Ls = 55.7
6 km
North
48. Coral
Pink
Sand
Dunes
• To
get
a
beQer
idea
of
how
this
all
works
we
took
dry
ice
to
the
Coral
Pink
Sand
Dunes
Utah
State
Park
49. Coral
Pink
Sand
Dunes
• Candy
geTng
ready
for
an
ice
run
• Seats
to
watch
dry
ice
sublimate
• Serina
burying
a
block
of
ice