International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
ANALYSIS AND LABORATORY STUDY OF STONE MATRIX ASPHALT(SMA) BY MARSHALL MIX DE...Akash KaPatel
This document outlines a study on the design of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mix using waste materials as fillers. The study aims to compare the Marshall properties of SMA samples containing two different fillers: brick dust and lime powder. Literature on previous studies investigating the use of various waste materials in SMA mixes is reviewed. The methodology adopted involves material testing of the bitumen, aggregates, and fillers to be used. A Marshall mix design is then carried out as per specifications, varying the bitumen content. Test results are analyzed to determine the optimum binder content for each filler. The results show that the SMA mix containing brick dust filler meets design criteria and performs better than the lime powder filler mix based on
IRJET- Use of Ceramic Powder in the Construction of Rigid PavementsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined using ceramic powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete mixes used for rigid pavements. Concrete mixtures were made with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of cement with ceramic powder passing a 75μm sieve. Specimens were tested for compressive strength, workability, flexural strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus at various ages. Results showed properties remained within usable limits up to 30% cement replacement. Above 30% replacement, strength gradually decreased. The study concluded ceramic powder concrete can efficiently be used in rigid pavements up to 30% cement replacement, as it increases durability and provides a solution for reusing ceramic waste.
Experimental Investigation of Erosive Wear on the High Chrome Cast Iron Impel...Sunil Kumar
Erosive wear occurs on the impeller and volute casing of the slurry disposal pump due to the impact of the ash particles on the impeller with a high velocity. Due to erosive wear, pump life become very short. The service life of centrifugal pump, handling slurry can be increased by reducing the erosive wear.
In the present work, the experimental investigation of erosive wear has been carried out on the high speed slurry erosion tester to understand the effects of the ash concentration in slurry, rotational speed of the pump impeller and ash particle size on erosive wear. The erosive wear behavior of high chrome cast iron was investigated by Response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis and the modeled values for the response were obtained with the help of modeled equation. The result shows that the ash concentration in slurry and kinetic energy of the moving particles highly contributes to erosive wear of pump impeller as compared to the ash particle size.
Study of packing density of concrete in structural concrete using different s...habib ullah
The use of cement reasons air pollution so we can regulate it by replacing some amount of cement with marble dust.
In Pakistan budget is the key problem. Marble powder and kaolin clay are inexpensive. Marble powder is a waste.
Marble stone industry generates both solid waste and stone slurry. Leaving this waste material to the environment directly can cause environmental problem.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Concrete Incorporating with Granite Powder and W...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigated the effects of incorporating granite powder and wire scrap on the properties of concrete. Various concrete mixtures were prepared by replacing sand with 15%, 20%, and 25% granite powder and adding 1%, 1.5%, and 2% wire scrap. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths were tested at curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that the concrete mixture with 20% granite powder and 1.5% wire scrap replacement achieved the highest strengths. The compressive strength increased by about 3MPa compared to normal concrete at 28 days. Both the tensile and flexural strengths also increased significantly with the partial replacements. Therefore, using these waste materials provided improved concrete properties
The effect of addition of nanofillers on three body abrasive wear behavior of...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes research on the effect of adding nanofillers on the three-body abrasive wear behavior of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Tests were conducted on composites with various nanofillers added at different abrading distances and loads. The results showed that addition of nanofillers like alumina, silica, and alumina trihydrate increased wear resistance by improving fiber-matrix bonding compared to unfilled composites. Both wear volume and specific wear rate decreased with increased abrading distance and were highest for unfilled composites due to fiber debonding and fracture during abrasion.
The document discusses a study on the behavior of beams made with concrete where 10% of the coarse aggregate is replaced with waste rubber. Beams were cast with normal concrete and rubberized concrete. The rubberized concrete beams were tested and their load vs deflection behavior, initial cracking load, ultimate load, and stress-strain curves were compared to normal concrete beams. The results showed that using 10% rubber replacement led to an up to 10% reduction in ultimate load capacity but higher initial cracking loads. Thus, partially replacing coarse aggregate with waste rubber can help utilize waste while maintaining much of the strength of normal concrete.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
ANALYSIS AND LABORATORY STUDY OF STONE MATRIX ASPHALT(SMA) BY MARSHALL MIX DE...Akash KaPatel
This document outlines a study on the design of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mix using waste materials as fillers. The study aims to compare the Marshall properties of SMA samples containing two different fillers: brick dust and lime powder. Literature on previous studies investigating the use of various waste materials in SMA mixes is reviewed. The methodology adopted involves material testing of the bitumen, aggregates, and fillers to be used. A Marshall mix design is then carried out as per specifications, varying the bitumen content. Test results are analyzed to determine the optimum binder content for each filler. The results show that the SMA mix containing brick dust filler meets design criteria and performs better than the lime powder filler mix based on
IRJET- Use of Ceramic Powder in the Construction of Rigid PavementsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined using ceramic powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete mixes used for rigid pavements. Concrete mixtures were made with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of cement with ceramic powder passing a 75μm sieve. Specimens were tested for compressive strength, workability, flexural strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus at various ages. Results showed properties remained within usable limits up to 30% cement replacement. Above 30% replacement, strength gradually decreased. The study concluded ceramic powder concrete can efficiently be used in rigid pavements up to 30% cement replacement, as it increases durability and provides a solution for reusing ceramic waste.
Experimental Investigation of Erosive Wear on the High Chrome Cast Iron Impel...Sunil Kumar
Erosive wear occurs on the impeller and volute casing of the slurry disposal pump due to the impact of the ash particles on the impeller with a high velocity. Due to erosive wear, pump life become very short. The service life of centrifugal pump, handling slurry can be increased by reducing the erosive wear.
In the present work, the experimental investigation of erosive wear has been carried out on the high speed slurry erosion tester to understand the effects of the ash concentration in slurry, rotational speed of the pump impeller and ash particle size on erosive wear. The erosive wear behavior of high chrome cast iron was investigated by Response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis and the modeled values for the response were obtained with the help of modeled equation. The result shows that the ash concentration in slurry and kinetic energy of the moving particles highly contributes to erosive wear of pump impeller as compared to the ash particle size.
Study of packing density of concrete in structural concrete using different s...habib ullah
The use of cement reasons air pollution so we can regulate it by replacing some amount of cement with marble dust.
In Pakistan budget is the key problem. Marble powder and kaolin clay are inexpensive. Marble powder is a waste.
Marble stone industry generates both solid waste and stone slurry. Leaving this waste material to the environment directly can cause environmental problem.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Concrete Incorporating with Granite Powder and W...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigated the effects of incorporating granite powder and wire scrap on the properties of concrete. Various concrete mixtures were prepared by replacing sand with 15%, 20%, and 25% granite powder and adding 1%, 1.5%, and 2% wire scrap. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths were tested at curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that the concrete mixture with 20% granite powder and 1.5% wire scrap replacement achieved the highest strengths. The compressive strength increased by about 3MPa compared to normal concrete at 28 days. Both the tensile and flexural strengths also increased significantly with the partial replacements. Therefore, using these waste materials provided improved concrete properties
The effect of addition of nanofillers on three body abrasive wear behavior of...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes research on the effect of adding nanofillers on the three-body abrasive wear behavior of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Tests were conducted on composites with various nanofillers added at different abrading distances and loads. The results showed that addition of nanofillers like alumina, silica, and alumina trihydrate increased wear resistance by improving fiber-matrix bonding compared to unfilled composites. Both wear volume and specific wear rate decreased with increased abrading distance and were highest for unfilled composites due to fiber debonding and fracture during abrasion.
The document discusses a study on the behavior of beams made with concrete where 10% of the coarse aggregate is replaced with waste rubber. Beams were cast with normal concrete and rubberized concrete. The rubberized concrete beams were tested and their load vs deflection behavior, initial cracking load, ultimate load, and stress-strain curves were compared to normal concrete beams. The results showed that using 10% rubber replacement led to an up to 10% reduction in ultimate load capacity but higher initial cracking loads. Thus, partially replacing coarse aggregate with waste rubber can help utilize waste while maintaining much of the strength of normal concrete.
IRJET-Stabilisation of Black Cotton Soil by Utilising Controlled Low Strength...IRJET Journal
This document presents research on stabilizing black cotton soil using controlled low strength material (CLSM). Black cotton soil is problematic for engineering due to its swelling when wet and shrinkage when dry. The study mixed CLSM containing fly ash, sand, sludge, and cement with black cotton soil in proportions from 10-50% CLSM. California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were performed on 12 soil specimens - 6 unsoaked and 6 soaked. CBR increased with higher CLSM content, indicating improved load-bearing capacity. The highest CBR values were for 50% CLSM mixtures, showing CLSM effectively stabilizes black cotton soil.
Effect of Quarry Dust on High Performance ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of using quarry dust as a partial replacement for natural sand in high-performance concrete. The researchers conducted tests to study the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete mixtures containing 60% quarry dust and 40% natural sand, along with 15% silica fume and various percentages of steel fiber (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). The results showed that adding silica fume increased compressive strength, while steel fiber increased tensile strength. A steel fiber content of 1% produced the optimum results. Overall, the study found that quarry dust can be successfully used as a partial replacement for natural sand in concrete.
IRJET- Utilization of Red Mud to Improve the Strength of Self Compacting Conc...IRJET Journal
This study summarizes the results of an experimental investigation into the properties of self-compacting concrete containing red mud and fly ash. Red mud was substituted for cement by weight in proportions from 0% to 15% while fly ash content was kept at 20% of total powder. Tests were performed to evaluate fresh and hardened properties. Fresh properties like slump flow, V-funnel time and passing ability were within specified limits up to 10% red mud substitution. Compressive strength initially increased up to 7.5% red mud but then decreased with further addition, showing red mud can partially replace cement in self-compacting concrete.
This document presents the results of a study on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams containing high volumes of fly ash. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can partially replace cement in concrete production. The study tested concrete cubes and beams made with 0%, 30%, 50%, and 70% replacements of cement with fly ash. It was found that compressive and flexural strengths decreased slightly with up to 50% fly ash but dropped significantly from 50-70%. However, deflections of beams remained within serviceability limits up to 70% fly ash replacement according to code standards. In conclusion, high fly ash concrete can be used structurally up to 50% replacement and economically up to 70% replacement for non-structural
Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in CementIJAEMSJORNAL
This project mainly deals with the replacement of cement with Bagasse ash in fixed proportions. Bagasse ash partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%by weight of cement in four different experiment to find out maximum compressive strength and tensile strength compare it with the strength of normal concrete by using grade M-20 at 7days and 28 days. The test result indicate that the strength of concrete increase up to 20% Sugar cane bagasse ash replacement with cement.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study investigating the partial replacement of fine aggregate with two waste materials (marble powder and rice husk) in concrete. Concrete cubes were produced with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement levels of fine aggregate. The highest compressive strength was achieved with a 10% replacement of fine aggregate with both marble powder and rice husk. Therefore, the optimum replacement percentage was determined to be 10% for both waste materials. In conclusion, partially replacing fine aggregate with up to 10% waste marble powder or rice husk in concrete can increase mechanical properties like compressive strength.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF STRENGTH BEHAVIOUR ON CEMENT MORTAR Chandan Kumar.D
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF STRENGTH BEHAVIOUR ON CEMENT MORTAR BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH GRANITE WASTE, ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE AND FULLY REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE BY CRUSHED STONE DUST
IRJET- Influence on Compressive Stregnth of Concrete on Addition of Micro Alu...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on the influence of micro alumina particles on the compressive strength of concrete. Concrete cubes were made with various percentages of micro alumina particles replacing cement by weight. Testing found that cubes with 4% micro alumina had 13% higher 7-day compressive strength, while cubes with 12% had 22.79% higher 28-day compressive strength compared to controlled specimens. The study aims to determine the optimal percentage of micro alumina particles for improving compressive strength of concrete.
The document discusses the effect of different water retaining curing techniques on the compressive strength of M30 grade self-compacting concrete (SCC). Four curing methods are compared: immersion curing (used as the control method), polyethylene film wrap curing, curing with a compound, and dry curing. Compressive strength tests were conducted on concrete cubes at ages of 3, 7, 28, 56, and 90 days. The results found that polyethylene film curing achieved 95% of the strength from immersion curing at 28 days, while curing with a compound achieved 92% of immersion curing strength. Dry curing yielded the lowest compressive strengths. In summary, the document examines the compress
Experimental Investigation on Replacement of Cement in Concrete Partially by ...ijtsrd
Concrete is the most extremely used construction material within the world, which always uses natural resources like lime, aggregates and water. The production of cement in world has increased greatly, due to this cement production emission of CO2 gas has been increased tremendously, ultimately environmental pollution increased to very large extent. This affect to environment has been reduced by cement has been replaced by some supplementary materials like Dolamite Powder or Fly ash or GGBS and so on. Dolamite. Powder was conducted detailed study and lots of research work has been made on other waste materials and it is found there is a great future scope for research on Dolamite Powder as a replacement to cement, sand or both. Now in our case, cement has been replaced partially with in varying proportions likewise from 0 to 20 and its effect has been analysed on the standard consistency, soundness, setting times of cement and compressive strength of cement mortar mixes. The cubes and cylinders of concrete were casted for variable content of dolomite powder. Pramod Dhamne | Dr. P. B. Nagarnaik ""Experimental Investigation on Replacement of Cement in Concrete Partially by using Dolamite Powder"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23035.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/23035/experimental-investigation-on-replacement-of-cement-in-concrete-partially-by-using-dolamite-powder/pramod-dhamne
Investigation on the behaviour of alfa composite in pre and post heat treated...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Of the many types of particulate reinforcements fly ash is one type that is being used from the recent past to develop the composites. In the current research fly ash is reinforced in the aluminium alloy AA2024 to develop ALFA (ALuminium Fly Ash) composites. The stir casting technique is employed in the development of the said composite as this technique is economical and would produce a composite with fairly uniform distribution of the fly ash reinforcement in the alloy matrix. The fly ash was added in 2.5 and 5% by weight to the molten metal. Increase in the percentage weight of fly ash reinforcement resulted improvement in the mechanical properties. The composite is tested for hardness, tensile strength and wear performance under pre-heat treatment, as quenched and in peak hardened conditions. The peak hardened composite showed a superior hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance than the others.
Keywords: stir casting, fly ash composites, heat treatment, and characterization
The document discusses a study on the influence of steel fibers on the behavior of hollow beams. It summarizes previous research that showed steel fiber reinforcement can enhance tensile strength, flexural strength, toughness, ductility and resistance to dynamic forces in concrete beams. The study then outlines materials testing and mix design for concrete specimens with and without hollow sections. Fifteen beams were cast and tested under center-point loading. Test results showed hollow beams experienced less deflection than solid beams and had higher load carrying capacity, indicating steel fiber reinforced hollow beams can optimize material usage while maintaining structural performance.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE BY USING P...IAEME Publication
1. The study experimentally investigates the strength characteristics of concrete with partial replacements of fine aggregate with plastic waste and bagasse at different percentages (5%, 7.5%, 10%).
2. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures were tested and compared to a control concrete.
3. The results showed that the concrete with 7.5% replacement of fine aggregate with plastic waste and bagasse achieved the highest strengths for all properties tested. Therefore, utilizing plastic waste and bagasse in concrete is an effective way to improve strength characteristics while providing waste management benefits.
This research represents an experimental study on influence of urea on concrete through various tests on urea, cement, concrete and water. Test of finesses modulus, slump test, carbonation test, pH test, urea ingression test and increase in strength with urea percentage .This study deals to overcome three major problems in the concrete namely heat of hydration, permeability, and corrosion of steel bar embedded in concrete. Urea can generally reduce the temperature of concrete both at casting phase and during the procedure of hydration. Urea does not opposite effect the durability of reinforced concrete, except where there is an accumulation of urea crystal growth. Er. Babita | Mr. Ravi Prakash Sharma | Mr. Vikram | Dr. D. K. Gupta ""Influence of Urea on Concrete"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30172.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30172/influence-of-urea-on-concrete/er-babita
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Flexural Behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Geopolymer Concreteijtsrd
Concrete is the most used construction material from ancient days. It was expected that the production of cement would be increased from about from 1.5 billion tons in 1995 to 2.2 billion tons in 2020. But 2018 china using 2.37 billion tons individually. India is the second largest producer of cement in the world. Cement industry is expected to reach 550 – 600 million tons per annum at 2025. The cement production contributes nearly 8 of worlds global warming due to emission of greenhouse gases, such as CO2, to the atmosphere. Hence, it is essential to find a substitute material for cement. The technology geopolymer concrete found as alternative for this problem. In this present research, cement is replaced with Fly Ash and GGBS in different percentages with steel fibers. The studies show that the load carrying capacity of most of the gpc mix was in the most cases more than that of conventional ordinary Portland cement concrete mix. The fresh and hardened properties of geopolymer concrete were found with and without steel fiber. The mechanical characteristics of all the examined mixes are to be enhanced by the GGBS content, in both plain and steel fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete. A comparative analysis has been carried out for normal conventional concrete to that of the steel fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete under ambient curing in relation to compressive, split tensile, flexural strengths. As the fibre content generally increases compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths are proportionally increased. G. Jegatheeswaran | K. Soundhirarajan "Flexural Behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30583.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30583/flexural-behaviour-of-steel-fibre-reinforced-geopolymer-concrete/g-jegatheeswaran
Effect of Granite Powder and Polypropylene Fiber on Compressive, Split Tensil...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of adding granite powder and polypropylene fibers on the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete. Granite powder was used to replace river sand in proportions of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Polypropylene fibers made up 0.25% of the cement weight. Specimens were tested for strengths at 7, 28, and 56 days and after exposure to 300°C. Results showed that concrete with 20% granite powder replacement had improved compressive strength compared to normal concrete. The study aimed to develop more durable and heat-resistant concrete using industrial waste materials.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Blast Resistance ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document reports on an experimental investigation into the blast resistance of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). Concrete cubes containing different volumes of plastic fiber were tested under blasting conditions and their performance was compared to normal concrete cubes. The results indicated that concrete cubes containing 35%, 30% and 20% plastic fiber by volume of the matrix exhibited excellent performance in resisting blasts compared to other concrete cubes. The document describes the materials, mix designs, specimen fabrication, testing procedures and setup for the blasting experiments on FRC and normal concrete cubes.
This document is a thesis submitted by Mohammed Riyaz Raja to partially fulfill the requirements for a Master's degree in structural engineering. The thesis investigates replacing sand with stone dust in concrete. It examines the effect of partial and full replacement of sand with stone dust on the compressive and split tensile strengths of M20 and M40 grade concrete. It also studies the effect of adding fly ash to concrete with partial replacement of sand with stone dust. The experimental program includes testing concrete cubes and cylinders to determine the optimum replacements of sand with stone dust and fly ash.
Comparision of Strength For Concrete With Rock Dust And Natural Sand Concrete...IJERA Editor
The Quarry rock dust can be an economic alternative to the river sand. Quarry Rock Dust can be defined as
residue, tailing or other non-voluble waste material after the extraction and processing of rocks to form fine
particles less than 4.75mm. Usually, Quarry Rock Dust is used in large scale in the highways as a surface
finishing material and also used for manufacturing of hollow blocks and lightweight concrete prefabricated
Elements. This project presents the feasibility of the usage of Quarry Rock Dust as hundred percent substitutes
for Natural Sand in concrete. Design Mix for M30 and M40 has been calculated using IS 10262-2009 for both
conventional concrete and quarry dust concrete. Tests were conducted on cubes, cylinders and beams to study
the strength of concrete by using Quarry Rock Dust and the results were compared with the Natural Sand
Concrete. Cement motor ratios of 1:3 and 1:6 are prepared and observe the percentage of water absorption in
both Quarry Rock Dust and Natural sand for plastering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET-Stabilisation of Black Cotton Soil by Utilising Controlled Low Strength...IRJET Journal
This document presents research on stabilizing black cotton soil using controlled low strength material (CLSM). Black cotton soil is problematic for engineering due to its swelling when wet and shrinkage when dry. The study mixed CLSM containing fly ash, sand, sludge, and cement with black cotton soil in proportions from 10-50% CLSM. California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were performed on 12 soil specimens - 6 unsoaked and 6 soaked. CBR increased with higher CLSM content, indicating improved load-bearing capacity. The highest CBR values were for 50% CLSM mixtures, showing CLSM effectively stabilizes black cotton soil.
Effect of Quarry Dust on High Performance ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of using quarry dust as a partial replacement for natural sand in high-performance concrete. The researchers conducted tests to study the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete mixtures containing 60% quarry dust and 40% natural sand, along with 15% silica fume and various percentages of steel fiber (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). The results showed that adding silica fume increased compressive strength, while steel fiber increased tensile strength. A steel fiber content of 1% produced the optimum results. Overall, the study found that quarry dust can be successfully used as a partial replacement for natural sand in concrete.
IRJET- Utilization of Red Mud to Improve the Strength of Self Compacting Conc...IRJET Journal
This study summarizes the results of an experimental investigation into the properties of self-compacting concrete containing red mud and fly ash. Red mud was substituted for cement by weight in proportions from 0% to 15% while fly ash content was kept at 20% of total powder. Tests were performed to evaluate fresh and hardened properties. Fresh properties like slump flow, V-funnel time and passing ability were within specified limits up to 10% red mud substitution. Compressive strength initially increased up to 7.5% red mud but then decreased with further addition, showing red mud can partially replace cement in self-compacting concrete.
This document presents the results of a study on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams containing high volumes of fly ash. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can partially replace cement in concrete production. The study tested concrete cubes and beams made with 0%, 30%, 50%, and 70% replacements of cement with fly ash. It was found that compressive and flexural strengths decreased slightly with up to 50% fly ash but dropped significantly from 50-70%. However, deflections of beams remained within serviceability limits up to 70% fly ash replacement according to code standards. In conclusion, high fly ash concrete can be used structurally up to 50% replacement and economically up to 70% replacement for non-structural
Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in CementIJAEMSJORNAL
This project mainly deals with the replacement of cement with Bagasse ash in fixed proportions. Bagasse ash partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%by weight of cement in four different experiment to find out maximum compressive strength and tensile strength compare it with the strength of normal concrete by using grade M-20 at 7days and 28 days. The test result indicate that the strength of concrete increase up to 20% Sugar cane bagasse ash replacement with cement.
IRJET- An Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study investigating the partial replacement of fine aggregate with two waste materials (marble powder and rice husk) in concrete. Concrete cubes were produced with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement levels of fine aggregate. The highest compressive strength was achieved with a 10% replacement of fine aggregate with both marble powder and rice husk. Therefore, the optimum replacement percentage was determined to be 10% for both waste materials. In conclusion, partially replacing fine aggregate with up to 10% waste marble powder or rice husk in concrete can increase mechanical properties like compressive strength.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF STRENGTH BEHAVIOUR ON CEMENT MORTAR Chandan Kumar.D
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF STRENGTH BEHAVIOUR ON CEMENT MORTAR BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH GRANITE WASTE, ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE AND FULLY REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE BY CRUSHED STONE DUST
IRJET- Influence on Compressive Stregnth of Concrete on Addition of Micro Alu...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on the influence of micro alumina particles on the compressive strength of concrete. Concrete cubes were made with various percentages of micro alumina particles replacing cement by weight. Testing found that cubes with 4% micro alumina had 13% higher 7-day compressive strength, while cubes with 12% had 22.79% higher 28-day compressive strength compared to controlled specimens. The study aims to determine the optimal percentage of micro alumina particles for improving compressive strength of concrete.
The document discusses the effect of different water retaining curing techniques on the compressive strength of M30 grade self-compacting concrete (SCC). Four curing methods are compared: immersion curing (used as the control method), polyethylene film wrap curing, curing with a compound, and dry curing. Compressive strength tests were conducted on concrete cubes at ages of 3, 7, 28, 56, and 90 days. The results found that polyethylene film curing achieved 95% of the strength from immersion curing at 28 days, while curing with a compound achieved 92% of immersion curing strength. Dry curing yielded the lowest compressive strengths. In summary, the document examines the compress
Experimental Investigation on Replacement of Cement in Concrete Partially by ...ijtsrd
Concrete is the most extremely used construction material within the world, which always uses natural resources like lime, aggregates and water. The production of cement in world has increased greatly, due to this cement production emission of CO2 gas has been increased tremendously, ultimately environmental pollution increased to very large extent. This affect to environment has been reduced by cement has been replaced by some supplementary materials like Dolamite Powder or Fly ash or GGBS and so on. Dolamite. Powder was conducted detailed study and lots of research work has been made on other waste materials and it is found there is a great future scope for research on Dolamite Powder as a replacement to cement, sand or both. Now in our case, cement has been replaced partially with in varying proportions likewise from 0 to 20 and its effect has been analysed on the standard consistency, soundness, setting times of cement and compressive strength of cement mortar mixes. The cubes and cylinders of concrete were casted for variable content of dolomite powder. Pramod Dhamne | Dr. P. B. Nagarnaik ""Experimental Investigation on Replacement of Cement in Concrete Partially by using Dolamite Powder"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23035.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/23035/experimental-investigation-on-replacement-of-cement-in-concrete-partially-by-using-dolamite-powder/pramod-dhamne
Investigation on the behaviour of alfa composite in pre and post heat treated...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Of the many types of particulate reinforcements fly ash is one type that is being used from the recent past to develop the composites. In the current research fly ash is reinforced in the aluminium alloy AA2024 to develop ALFA (ALuminium Fly Ash) composites. The stir casting technique is employed in the development of the said composite as this technique is economical and would produce a composite with fairly uniform distribution of the fly ash reinforcement in the alloy matrix. The fly ash was added in 2.5 and 5% by weight to the molten metal. Increase in the percentage weight of fly ash reinforcement resulted improvement in the mechanical properties. The composite is tested for hardness, tensile strength and wear performance under pre-heat treatment, as quenched and in peak hardened conditions. The peak hardened composite showed a superior hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance than the others.
Keywords: stir casting, fly ash composites, heat treatment, and characterization
The document discusses a study on the influence of steel fibers on the behavior of hollow beams. It summarizes previous research that showed steel fiber reinforcement can enhance tensile strength, flexural strength, toughness, ductility and resistance to dynamic forces in concrete beams. The study then outlines materials testing and mix design for concrete specimens with and without hollow sections. Fifteen beams were cast and tested under center-point loading. Test results showed hollow beams experienced less deflection than solid beams and had higher load carrying capacity, indicating steel fiber reinforced hollow beams can optimize material usage while maintaining structural performance.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF CONCRETE BY USING P...IAEME Publication
1. The study experimentally investigates the strength characteristics of concrete with partial replacements of fine aggregate with plastic waste and bagasse at different percentages (5%, 7.5%, 10%).
2. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures were tested and compared to a control concrete.
3. The results showed that the concrete with 7.5% replacement of fine aggregate with plastic waste and bagasse achieved the highest strengths for all properties tested. Therefore, utilizing plastic waste and bagasse in concrete is an effective way to improve strength characteristics while providing waste management benefits.
This research represents an experimental study on influence of urea on concrete through various tests on urea, cement, concrete and water. Test of finesses modulus, slump test, carbonation test, pH test, urea ingression test and increase in strength with urea percentage .This study deals to overcome three major problems in the concrete namely heat of hydration, permeability, and corrosion of steel bar embedded in concrete. Urea can generally reduce the temperature of concrete both at casting phase and during the procedure of hydration. Urea does not opposite effect the durability of reinforced concrete, except where there is an accumulation of urea crystal growth. Er. Babita | Mr. Ravi Prakash Sharma | Mr. Vikram | Dr. D. K. Gupta ""Influence of Urea on Concrete"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30172.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30172/influence-of-urea-on-concrete/er-babita
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Flexural Behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Geopolymer Concreteijtsrd
Concrete is the most used construction material from ancient days. It was expected that the production of cement would be increased from about from 1.5 billion tons in 1995 to 2.2 billion tons in 2020. But 2018 china using 2.37 billion tons individually. India is the second largest producer of cement in the world. Cement industry is expected to reach 550 – 600 million tons per annum at 2025. The cement production contributes nearly 8 of worlds global warming due to emission of greenhouse gases, such as CO2, to the atmosphere. Hence, it is essential to find a substitute material for cement. The technology geopolymer concrete found as alternative for this problem. In this present research, cement is replaced with Fly Ash and GGBS in different percentages with steel fibers. The studies show that the load carrying capacity of most of the gpc mix was in the most cases more than that of conventional ordinary Portland cement concrete mix. The fresh and hardened properties of geopolymer concrete were found with and without steel fiber. The mechanical characteristics of all the examined mixes are to be enhanced by the GGBS content, in both plain and steel fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete. A comparative analysis has been carried out for normal conventional concrete to that of the steel fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete under ambient curing in relation to compressive, split tensile, flexural strengths. As the fibre content generally increases compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths are proportionally increased. G. Jegatheeswaran | K. Soundhirarajan "Flexural Behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30583.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30583/flexural-behaviour-of-steel-fibre-reinforced-geopolymer-concrete/g-jegatheeswaran
Effect of Granite Powder and Polypropylene Fiber on Compressive, Split Tensil...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of adding granite powder and polypropylene fibers on the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete. Granite powder was used to replace river sand in proportions of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Polypropylene fibers made up 0.25% of the cement weight. Specimens were tested for strengths at 7, 28, and 56 days and after exposure to 300°C. Results showed that concrete with 20% granite powder replacement had improved compressive strength compared to normal concrete. The study aimed to develop more durable and heat-resistant concrete using industrial waste materials.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Blast Resistance ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document reports on an experimental investigation into the blast resistance of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). Concrete cubes containing different volumes of plastic fiber were tested under blasting conditions and their performance was compared to normal concrete cubes. The results indicated that concrete cubes containing 35%, 30% and 20% plastic fiber by volume of the matrix exhibited excellent performance in resisting blasts compared to other concrete cubes. The document describes the materials, mix designs, specimen fabrication, testing procedures and setup for the blasting experiments on FRC and normal concrete cubes.
This document is a thesis submitted by Mohammed Riyaz Raja to partially fulfill the requirements for a Master's degree in structural engineering. The thesis investigates replacing sand with stone dust in concrete. It examines the effect of partial and full replacement of sand with stone dust on the compressive and split tensile strengths of M20 and M40 grade concrete. It also studies the effect of adding fly ash to concrete with partial replacement of sand with stone dust. The experimental program includes testing concrete cubes and cylinders to determine the optimum replacements of sand with stone dust and fly ash.
Comparision of Strength For Concrete With Rock Dust And Natural Sand Concrete...IJERA Editor
The Quarry rock dust can be an economic alternative to the river sand. Quarry Rock Dust can be defined as
residue, tailing or other non-voluble waste material after the extraction and processing of rocks to form fine
particles less than 4.75mm. Usually, Quarry Rock Dust is used in large scale in the highways as a surface
finishing material and also used for manufacturing of hollow blocks and lightweight concrete prefabricated
Elements. This project presents the feasibility of the usage of Quarry Rock Dust as hundred percent substitutes
for Natural Sand in concrete. Design Mix for M30 and M40 has been calculated using IS 10262-2009 for both
conventional concrete and quarry dust concrete. Tests were conducted on cubes, cylinders and beams to study
the strength of concrete by using Quarry Rock Dust and the results were compared with the Natural Sand
Concrete. Cement motor ratios of 1:3 and 1:6 are prepared and observe the percentage of water absorption in
both Quarry Rock Dust and Natural sand for plastering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Batalha das Bestas, de Chris Columbus e Ned VizziniNanda Soares
Brendan esperava ansiosamente a entrega de um pacote importante que chegaria às 8h. Ao descer para tomar café, ele discute com as irmãs Cordelia e Eleanor sobre manter os retratos dos antigos donos da casa, os Kristoff, nas paredes, por questões de segurança, já que a Bruxa do Vento pode retornar. Brendan corre para fora quando vê o caminhão dos correios chegar com seu pacote aguardado.
O Chile enfrentou um grande terremoto que causou danos significativos. O país está se recuperando e reconstruindo as áreas afetadas. Os esforços de ajuda humanitária estão ajudando as pessoas afetadas pelo desastre natural.
El documento discute el nuevo derecho de los militares en actividad a votar según el artículo 369 de la nueva constitución. Si bien se les permite ejercer su derecho al sufragio, se les prohíbe participar en campañas políticas o proselitismo. Algunos militares están en desacuerdo con la medida porque podría llevar a un apego partidista. El director del CNE defiende la medida indicando que es un derecho pasivo sin uso de recursos del estado para campañas.
El artista visual nació en Lima, Perú. Se graduó en 2006 de la Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes de Perú donde se especializó en dibujo. Actualmente crea obras con temas andinos sobre deidades y culturas antiguas del Perú, y también retratos que reflejan sus pasiones.
La tutela cautelar en el derecho procesal administrativoHugo Araujo
Este documento discute la tutela cautelar en el derecho procesal administrativo venezolano. Explica que la tutela cautelar se desarrolló primero en el procedimiento administrativo para asegurar la eficacia de las resoluciones finales, y luego se expandió al proceso administrativo a través de la jurisprudencia para garantizar la tutela judicial efectiva. Finalmente, argumenta que se deben unificar los criterios para conceder la tutela cautelar en ambos ámbitos y actualizar las leyes para brindar mayor seguridad jurídica.
The latest real estate data is in! Check out all up to date Orange County, CA real estate numbers and trends from July 2014. Complete city breakdown of inventory, pricing and more.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Sr. Ardiloso Cortês - Galera Record JúniorNanda Soares
1) O tio de Stephanie, Gordon Edgley, morreu subitamente. Sua família foi convocada para a leitura de seu testamento.
2) Stephanie conheceu um misterioso homem de sobretudo no funeral de Gordon. Ele afirma ter sido amigo de longa data de Gordon.
3) Stephanie e seus pais irão à leitura do testamento no dia seguinte para descobrir o que Gordon deixou para cada um.
Essencialmente idêntica à da Fac. Nova Roma, com alguns slides novos.
Apresentada na Uninassau, evento Ubunto deste ano.
Essentially the same as the presentation I've done last year, with some additions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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The document is a project proposal by Simone Helen Drumond Ischkanian titled "Let's Play Cow!" and contains repetitive sections leaving blanks for a school, teacher, student, grade, and class to be filled in. The proposal suggests playing the game of cow for an educational purpose.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the performance of porous asphalt mixtures with fiber stabilization. The study tested porous asphalt mixtures made with petroleum asphalt and polymer modified binder, stabilized with polypropylene fiber. Test results showed that polymer mixtures had higher stability and lower cantabro loss than petroleum mixtures. Both mixtures showed increased penetration index with fiber addition, indicating improved stiffness and resistance to plastic deformation. The study concluded that polymer mixtures performed significantly better than petroleum asphalt mixtures, and fiber addition improved performance of both.
The Study of Water Stability for SBS and Polyacrylate Composite Modified Asph...IJERA Editor
The document discusses a study on the water stability of asphalt mixtures modified with SBS and polyacrylate (PAE). Marshall stability tests and flooding scattering experiments were conducted on asphalt mixtures, SBS-modified mixtures, and mixtures with different contents of PAE and SBS composite modification. The results showed that PAE significantly improved the water stability of asphalt mixtures, with mass loss decreasing as PAE content increased. The optimal PAE content was found to be 8%, as residual stability and resistance to water damage were highest within this range.
Benefit analysis of subgrade and surface improvements in flexible pavements 2IAEME Publication
This document discusses analyzing the benefits of improving subgrade soil and surface layers in flexible pavements. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine optimal additives for subgrade stabilization and crumb rubber content for surface modification. A software program called FPAVE was used to evaluate pavement thickness for different combinations of conventional, stabilized, and modified layers. Analysis found that combinations with both subgrade and surface improvements had lower strains and required less thickness, resulting in a 50% cost benefit compared to conventional flexible pavements.
Investigation of the effect of adding silica fume on asphalt concrete propertiesAhmedMSawan
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of adding silica fume (SF) to asphalt mixes on their properties. SF in amounts from 2-8% of the bitumen weight was added to the mixes. Tests showed that 6% SF provided the best results, increasing Marshall stability by 23.6% and reducing rutting depth by 35.8%. Other improved properties with 6% SF included a 4.7% higher Marshall flow, 25% higher direct compression value, and 3.8% higher indirect tensile strength. In conclusion, adding SF enhanced the characteristics of hot asphalt mixes.
This document summarizes a study on using mixes of recycled aggregate and crusher dust as sub-base and base materials for road construction. The following key points are made:
- Crusher dust and recycled aggregate were obtained and mixed in varying proportions from 10-60% crusher dust. Modified proctor tests found maximum dry densities occurred at 20-30% crusher dust.
- CBR tests showed strength increased as crusher dust decreased, with mixes containing 20-40% crusher dust achieving CBR>50, qualifying them as base materials. Mixes with CBR>30 could be used as sub-base.
- Gradation analyses found mixes met specifications for sub-base and base
Evaluation of the addition of short coconut fibers on the characteristics of ...Alexander Decker
This document evaluates the addition of short coconut fibers on the characteristics of asphalt mixtures. It discusses how short coconut fibers ranging from 5-12.5 mm in length were added in varying percentages (0.5-1.5% by weight) to asphalt to test their impact on properties like penetration, softening point, ductility, and Marshall stability. The addition of 0.75% 5-mm fibers increased Marshall stability by 10-15% and produced a lower penetration grade bitumen. Fiber size and percentage both influenced bitumen properties, with 0.75% fibers at a size of 0.75 cm producing the highest penetration value. The coconut fibers improved the temperature susceptibility and rheological properties
A study on influence of fly ash and nano silica on strength properties of co...IAEME Publication
The document discusses a study on the influence of fly ash and nano-silica on the strength properties of concrete. Concrete samples were produced by partially replacing cement with 20% and 30% fly ash and 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% nano-silica. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of the samples were tested and compared to a control concrete. The results showed that concrete with 20% fly ash and 3% nano-silica replacement achieved the highest strengths. The increased strengths are attributed to improved particle packing and additional binder from the fly ash and nano-silica.
Study On Concrete Using Marble Powder Waste As Partial Replacement Of SandIJERA Editor
Marble Waste (Marble sawing powder, and marble sludge or slurry) is a widespread byproduct of marble processing industries. All these wastes are thrown away in the areas near the factories and cause severe environmental problems. The main objective of this study is to explore the possibility of using marble powder waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. Since this concrete is prepared with marble powder as a partial replacement of fine aggregate (Sand) in four different proportions i.e. 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% and tested for the period of 7days, 28days, 90days curing. This compressive strength compared with the conventional concrete i.e. concrete prepared without marble powder.
IRJET- A Laboratory Investigation on Type III Micro-Surfacing with different ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a laboratory investigation on Type III micro-surfacing using different mineral fillers. The investigation tested micro-surfacing mixes containing stone dust, fly ash, and ordinary Portland cement as fillers. Tests were performed to determine setting times, consistency, optimum residual bitumen content, and abrasion resistance. The results found that mixes containing fly ash performed better than those with stone dust or cement, showing better setting times and abrasion resistance. Micro-surfacing is a cost-effective pavement preservation technique that can extend the life of roads and reduce environmental impacts compared to hot mix asphalt. It involves applying a mixture of aggregates, polymer-modified emulsion, and mineral fillers to the road surface.
IRJET- A Laboratory Investigation on Type III Micro-Surfacing with differ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a laboratory investigation on Type III micro-surfacing using different mineral fillers. The investigation tested micro-surfacing mixes containing stone dust, fly ash, and ordinary Portland cement as fillers. Tests were performed to determine setting times, consistency, optimum residual bitumen content, and abrasion resistance. The results found that mixes containing fly ash performed better than those with stone dust or cement, showing better setting times and abrasion resistance. Micro-surfacing is a cost-effective pavement preservation technique that can extend the life of roads and reduce environmental impacts compared to hot mix asphalt. It involves applying a mixture of aggregates, polymer-modified emulsion, and mineral fillers to the road surface.
Stabilization of medium plastic clays using industrialIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on stabilizing medium plasticity clays using industrial wastes like fly ash and waste tire rubber. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the optimum content of these additives. Results found that adding 25% fly ash increased the CBR value from 2.86 to 10.09 and reduced differential free swell. Adding 6% waste tire rubber increased CBR to 4.36 and reduced free swell. Both additives significantly improved the unconfined compressive strength of the stabilized soil. The study demonstrated that industrial wastes can effectively stabilize clay subgrades to achieve high strength and reduce pavement thickness requirements.
Influence of Recycling Waste Glass as Fine Aggregate on the Concrete Properti...Shakerqaidi
This document discusses a study on the influence of recycling waste glass as a fine aggregate in concrete. Waste glass was crushed into a powder and used to replace fine aggregate at rates of 15%, 30%, and 50%. The fresh and hardened properties of the concrete mixtures were then tested. The fresh properties tested included slump, while the hardened properties tested were compressive strength, tensile strength, and density. The study found that replacing fine aggregate with glass powder at 30% led to a small increase in compressive strength and a larger increase in tensile strength compared to normal concrete, while maintaining acceptable slump. Higher replacement rates saw decreasing strengths. The aim was to evaluate using waste glass powder as a partial substitute for natural fine aggregate
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effect of adding crumb rubber from waste tires to asphalt mixes at different percentages. Marshall tests were conducted to determine optimum asphalt content and mix properties. Indirect tensile and wheel tracking tests evaluated cracking and rutting resistance. Results showed adding crumb rubber up to 16% increased resistance to cracking without significantly impacting rutting resistance. The study aimed to identify rubber percentages that improve mix performance without adverse effects.
In the recent years, the rapid growths of population and industrialization levels have been
resulted in increased for demand of transportation. In addition, this growth increases the traffic loads
which cause several pavement distresses such as rutting. Several trials were made to control
pavement rutting by mix enhancement. These trials were already limited pavement rutting, but on the
other hand showed pavement cracking as a result of lower flexibility for the modified pavements.
This study aims at investigating the effect of crumb rubber on the characteristics of asphalt mixes. To
achieve this objective, crumb rubber with different percentages of fine aggregate (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20,
24 and 28%) were used to manufacture the investigated asphalt mixes. Marshall designs were used to
obtain the optimum asphalt contents and the corresponding characteristics of the investigated mixes.
Other mix characteristics including Marshall stiffness, loss of stability, tensile strength as well as
rutting resistance were measured for the investigated mixes. Loss of stability test, indirect tensile test
(ITT) and wheel tracking test (WTT) were conducted to measure these characteristics. Analyzing the
study results showed that, the use of crumb rubber has a noticeable effect on the characteristics of
asphalt mixes. It is noticed that, the use of rubber percent up to 16% by weight of fine aggregate
increases the pavement resistance to cracking and does not greatly affect the pavement resistance to
rutting.
This document investigates replacing coarse aggregates with waste tire pieces for use in road construction. Tests were conducted on coarse aggregates with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement by volume with tire pieces to evaluate the impact on physical properties. The results showed that:
1) Crushing value, abrasion value, and impact value all decreased with higher tire piece replacement levels, indicating improved durability.
2) Water absorption increased slightly with replacement above 10%.
3) Specific gravity decreased with replacement, ranging from 2.83 for 0% to 2.24 for 10% replacement.
4) Up to 15% replacement improved physical properties without compromising strength, suggesting waste tires can effectively replace some coarse aggregates for road
Research on the relationship between water stability and aggregate gradation ...IJERA Editor
In the early destruction of asphalt pavement, water damage is the most major form.In this paper, experimental study was conducted on the composition of asphalt concrete,Marshall specimens were made in different types of aggregate gradation with the same kind of asphalt. Water immersion tests were conducted in order to analysis the relationship between the water stability and aggregate gradation of asphalt pavement.
Effect of temperature and loading rate on rutting behavior of stone matrix as...Niranjan Reddy
This document summarizes a study on the effect of temperature and loading rate on rutting behavior of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) using coir fiber. The study involved conducting drain down and rutting tests on SMA mixes with coir and basalt fibers at different temperatures (45°C, 55°C, 65°C) and loading rates (10-40 RPM). Results showed that rut depth increased with temperature and was higher at 65°C compared to lower temperatures. Rut depth also decreased with increasing loading rate. SMA with coir fiber performed better at lower temperatures but basalt fiber performed better at higher temperatures. Both fibers were effective at preventing drain down at high temperatures.
The permeability and indirect tensile strength characteristics of porous asph...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the permeability and indirect tensile strength characteristics of porous asphalt mixes. Some key findings include:
1. The optimum binder content for the mix was determined to be 4.45% based on achieving 20% air voids and 20% abrasion loss.
2. Permeability was measured using constant head and falling head techniques, with constant head showing a stronger correlation between permeability and voids.
3. Indirect tensile strength testing found that strength increased with higher compaction levels, though strength was lower than dense graded mixes.
The permeability and indirect tensile strength characteristics of porous asph...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the permeability and indirect tensile strength characteristics of porous asphalt mixes. Key points:
1. Porous asphalt was designed to have air voids in the range of 18-22% by compacting mixes prepared at different binder contents.
2. Testing showed abrasion loss decreased and air voids decreased with increased compaction and binder content.
3. Permeability was highest for mixes with more voids, and constant head testing showed stronger correlation with voids than falling head.
4. Indirect tensile strength increased with higher compaction and lower voids.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF TREATED COIR FIBER AND NATURAL RUBBER MODI...IAEME Publication
This study compares four different open graded friction course (OGFC) mixes prepared with different binders and fibers: PG 60/70 bitumen, PG 60/70 with coir fiber, natural rubber modified bitumen (NRMB), and NRMB with coir fiber. Coir fiber was surface treated to improve durability and temperature stability before being added to reduce drain down loss. Mix designs were conducted according to the NCAT procedure and laboratory tests evaluated properties like drain down, abrasion loss, and permeability. The NRMB mix with coir fiber was found to provide adequate strength and permeability while draining water quickly and was selected as the optimum mix.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
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1. Firdaus Chairuddin et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 5), June 2014, pp.01-06
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Test of Microstructur Permeable Asphalt Pavement Used Domato
Stone (Quarsite Dolomite) As Course Agregate for Surface Layer
of Road Pavement
Firdaus Chairuddin1, Wihardi Tjaronge2, Muhammad Ramli3, Johannes
Patanduk4
1Graduate Doctor Programe Civil Enginering Dept. Hasanuddin University Indonesia Tlp: 0411 588188.
2Professor Civil Enginering Dept. Hasanuddin Univercity Indonesia Tlp: 0811-879100.
3Associated Professor Civil Enginering Dept. Haanuddin Univercity Indonesia Telp.0811-879100.
4Associated Professor Civil Enginering Dept. Hasanuddin Univercity Indonesia Telp.0811-879100
Abstract
The experiment works was dividing into two phases, for phase one was developed to investigate the properties of
aggregates and straight asphalt qualities. The experiment work for phase two was developed to design the porous
asphalt mix. In this phase Japan’s method and Binamarga’s method was used to define optimum asphalt content. In
this phase, has result cantabro loss weight 77.10 for asphalt quality 3% and loss weight 9.70 for asphalt quality 5%.
asphalt flow down, air void and density values. The experiment work for phase two was developed to investigate the
qualities of porous asphalt. In this phase, wheel tracking machine test was used to investigate the dynamic stability of
mixes.
Result of this research will be valuable for development porous asphalt technology. Based on the Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM) can be seen the microstructure and content of chemical elements present in the porous asphalt. : Oxygen
58.46%, Silicon 2.60%, Aluminium 2.91%, Sodium 5.75%, Calcium 19.11%, Sulfur 7.83%, Magnesium 3.52%, SiO2
6.73%, Al2O3 6.40%, Na2O 7.45%, CaO 46.25%, SO3 27.05%, MgO 6.12%. Binamarga : Oxygen 61.82%, Silicon
13.58%, Aluminium 7.27%, Sodium 4.42%, Magnesium 1.65%, Sulfur 4.56%, Calcium 3.96%, Potassium 1.31%, Iron
1.26%, Titanium 0.18%, SiO2 38.09%, Al2O3 17.29%, Na2O 6.39%, MgO 3.10%, SO3 17.03%, CaO 10.36%, K2O
2.88%, FeO 4.22%, TiO2 0.66%. Japan : Oxygen 58.53%, Silicon 8.41%, Aluminium 6.73%, Sodium 7.21%, Magnesium
4.39%, Potassium 0.86%, Calcium 9.21%, Sulfur 4.66%, SiO2 23.18%, Al2O3 15.74%, Na2O10.25%, MgO 8.12%, K2O
6.39%, CaO 23.71%, SO3 17.14%. Porositas : Japan : SEM HV 10.0 kV, View field 57.5 μm, SEM MAG 2.21 kx, WD
11.58mm, Det : SE, Date (m/d/y) : 06/20/13, Binamarga : SEM HV 10.0 kV, View field 31.1 μm, SEM MAG 4.08 kx, WD
10.63 mm, Det : SE, Date (m/d/y) : 06/20/13, Japan : SEM HV 10.0 kV, View field 28.8 μm, SEM MAG 4.04 kx, WD
12.00 mm, Det : SE, Date (m/d/y) : 06/20/13.
Key Words: Domato stone, Two Criteria Mixure, Peak Load and Stress, X- RD and SEM
I. INTRODUCTION
Permeable asphalt pavement or porus friction course
is commonly knews as porous asphalt. The porous
pavement is commonly used in Europe and Japan. The
pavement cousist in a porous overlay and then to drain on
he edges to the pavement (Michael. E Barret. Ph.D). The
lot deposit of Domato stone in Indonesia was still not be
exploited better. Among the exiting utilization of it most
of it was exploited for traditional needs fireplace
material, some last rasearch in the field of road
construction showed that Domato stone was powerfull
enough when mixtured material for pavemen
stabilization. Domato stone is local material from sea
location in the island of banggai half Sulawesi Indonesia.
Its was kwarsit Dolomitan material Celebes (Car Donald,
1985).
As course agregate on the surface layer Road
Pavement.Capasity drain porous Asphalt were
connecting correlasion with spacing hight and small
porousity in structure Asphalt. Stability and Durability
and Hydrolic conductivity its must be hight test than 20%
(Ruz. et. al, 1990 ).Asphalt porous is open graded course
Aggregate. Porousity asphalt porous (10%-15%) the
structure made drain for flow water (Nur Ali, et al.
2005).
Aggregate was specimen mineral who was done
for mixture road konstruktion in the asphalt pavement
it’s mush be 90%-95% for the total weight strukture or
77%-85% for all volume (Alkin, et. al 1997).
The term “quality related” indicates that the
properties used in the mix selection and design process
are those which determine it’s on road performance. Thus
if good test result for a mix are obtained in the laboratory
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Firdaus Chairuddin et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 5), June 2014, pp.01-06
www.ijera.com 2 | P a g e
there is confidence that the material will perform
satisfactorily on the road. For this reason, standard of
porous asphalt mixture in japan required the dynamic
stability value reach 3000 pass/mm or more (Nakanishi,
2002)
The problems that the present porous asphalt
pavements hold are a problem that a drainage function
falls, the aggregates scattering loss and plastic
deformation. Permeability to water is one of the
characteristic properties of porous asphalt, i.e. drainage
function. The drainage falls caused by clogging, where
the voids of a mixture blockade with dust or movement of
asphalt mortar (Nakanishi, 1995). Scattering of
aggregates caused by ravelling. Plastic deformation
related with rutting, caused of the porous asphalt
pavements employ around more than 20 percent of air
voids.
In laboratory, to know the quality related properties
usually was tested with water permeability test, cantabro
loss test, loss of running off test (drain down test) and
wheel tracking machine test. Nakanishi, et al. (1996) also
stated that cantabro loss and dynamic stability have
relationship with percentage of air void and asphalt
viscosity.
aggregate, i.e. 80%, 85%, and 90 %, also some
provisional asphalt content combinations.
II. RESEARCH METHOD
The experiment works was divided into 2 (two) phases,
for first phase was developed to investigate the
properties of aggregates and asphalt qualities. The
experiment work for second phase was developed to
design the porous asphalt mix. In this phase Japan’s
method and Japan’s method was used to define
optimum asphalt content. In this phase, has result
cantabro-loss, asphalt flow down, air void and density
values. The experiment work for the last phase was
developed to investigate the qualities of porous asphalt at
optimum asphalt contents. In this phase, wheel tracking
machine test was used to investigate the dynamic stability
of mixes.
Tabel . 1. Recapitulation Gradation Model
DATA AND ANALYSIS
Table 3. Shows properties of straight asphalt were
used in the experiment. It shows that type of asphalt is
straight asphalt BNA Blank penetration 60/70. In
general, asphalt binder qualities comply with the
requirement and recommended to apply for practical
purpose.
Table 2. Properties of Aggregate
Properties asphalt Value
Penetration (1/10 mm) 25
o
C 64
Softening Point (
o
C) 55
Ductility (cm) > 140
Specific Gravity (gr/cm
3
) 1,034
Table 2. Shows properties of aggregates were used to the
experiment. It shows that material comply with the
request in specification and recommended to apply for
practical purpose too.
Table 3. Properties of Aggregates
Properties Value
Coarse Aggregate
Bulk Specific Gravity (gr/cm
3
)
2,72
Saturated Specific Gravity (gr/cm
3
)
2,67
Apparent Specific Gravity (gr/cm
3
)
2,82
Absorption (%) 0,82 %
LA Test (%) 14,4 %
Fine Aggregate
Bulk Specific Gravity (gr/cm
3
)
2,68
Saturated Specific Gravity (gr/cm
3
) 2,65
Apparent Specific Gravity (gr/cm
3
) 2,68
Absorption (%) 1,28
Figure 1. Shows relation between cantabro loss
and asphalt content. It illustrates that increasing in
asphalt content, make decreasing in cantabro loss. It also
shows that cantabro loss from Japan’s method rank
between cantabro loss Japan’s method 85% coarse
aggregate content and 90% coarse aggregate content. It
explains that Japan’s method content more than 85 % of
coarse aggregate content.
By adding asphalt content, it will increase aggregate
surface area covered by asphalt film. This condition
strengthening binding force between aggregates,
therefore Cantabro loss value decrease. Cantabro loss
value also affected by percentage of coarse aggregate.
Higher the percentage higher cantabro loss value.
Explanation of this condition is by increasing in
percentage of coarse aggregate have an effect on
decreasing in interlocking between aggregates.
3. Firdaus Chairuddin et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 5), June 2014, pp.01-06
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Gambar 4.1 Corelation BNA with Cantabro
Figure 2. Shows relation between air void and
asphalt content. It shows that increasing in asphalt
content, make decreasing in air void. By adding
asphalt content have an effect to the volume of void
space was filled with asphalt binder. Higher volume
of void was filled with asphalt binder, lower
percentage of air void content.
It also shows that air void from Japan’s method
higher than air void Japan’s method 85% coarse
aggregate content. It can explain that higher coarse
aggregate content have an effect to volume of void
space in compacted asphalt mixes. Surface contact
area of aggregates affected by their size. Bigger
number size of aggregate will make surface contact
area of aggregates lowest and it causes bigger in
volume of void space. Furthermore, increasing in air
void make decreasing in deformation resistance.
Gambar 4.2 Corelation BNA with porositas
Figure 3. Shows relation between loss of running off
versus asphalt content. It illustrates that increasing in
asphalt content, make increasing in loss of running
off. This condition explains that melting possibility
of asphalt binder will increase as increasing in
temperature and asphalt-binder content. It also shows
that loss of running off Japan’s method most lowly.
Gambar 4.3 Corelation BNA with permeabilitas
From the two figures above, then used to define
porous asphalt mix design. Table 5. Shows the result
of mix design using Bina Marga and Japan’s method,
also dynamic stability was resulted from wheel
tracking machine test.
III.Analysis Test of Loads and Stress
Figure 2. Tist Loads and Stress Asphalt by UTM
Machine
Table 5. Model Peak Load and Stress
Pressure Test
QUALI
TY
ASPHA
LT
WEIG
HT
(KG)
HEIG
HT
(cm)
PEAK
LOAD
(KN)
STRESS
(N/mm2
)
3% 1.680 11,1 15,48 19.703
3,5% 1.620 11 10,28 13.093
4% 1.670 10,8 15,26 19.417
4,5% 1.670 11,2 9,90 12.601
5% 1.665 10,6 10,38 13.223
5,5% 1.740 10,8 13,48 17.159
For quality asphalt 3% weight 1.680kg, height
11,1cm we get peak load 15,48 KN Stress 19.703
N/mm2
. For quality asphalt 3,5% weight 1.620 kg,
height 11cm we get peak load 10,28 KN Stress
4. Firdaus Chairuddin et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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13.093 N/mm2
. For quality asphalt 4% weight 1.670
kg, height 10,8 cm we get peak load 15,26 KN Stress
19.417 N/mm2
. For quality asphalt 4,5% weight
1.670 kg, height 11,2 cm we get peak load 9,90 KN
Stress 12.601 N/mm2
. For quality asphalt 5% weight
1.665 kg, height 10,6 cm we get peak load 10,38 KN
Stress 13.223 N/mm2
. For quality asphalt 5,5%
weight 1.740 kg, height 10,8 cm we get peak load
13,48 KN Stress 17.159 N/mm2
.
IV.Analysis X-Ray - Tomography
The results of research indicates that porous
asphalt mixture showed an influence on the value of
the characteristics of porous asphalt particularly at
concrete grading 50% retained 1/2" and 50% natural
crushed stone retained 3/8" where the values
obtained from the analysis of optimum binder
content is 9.5%. Based on the Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM) can be seen the microstructure
and content of chemical elements present in the
porous asphalt which prove that all elements of the
BNA Blend Pertamina and concrete waste can blend
and bind well.
Figure 2. Photo X-Ray Permeable Asphalt
(Japan Model)
Figure 3. Tescan vega3SB
Figure 6. Photo X-Ray Permeable Asphalt Pavement
(Binamarga Model)
Figure 7. Tescan vega3SB
15.48
10.28
15.26
9.9 10.38
13.48
0
5
10
15
20
3% 3,5% 4% 4,5% 5% 5,5%
PeakLoads(KN)
Quality Asphalt (%)
19.703
13.093
19.417
12.60113.223
17.159
0
5
10
15
20
25
3% 3,5% 4% 4,5% 5% 5,5%
Stress(KN/mm2)
Quality Asphalt (%)
5. Firdaus Chairuddin et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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V. CONCLUSIONS
Findings of the experiment are:
1. Cantabro loss will be decrease with
increasing in asphalt content, and decreasing
in proportion of coarse aggregate in mix.
2. Air void will be increase with decreasing in
asphalt content, and increasing in proportion of
coarse aggregate in mix.
3. Loss of running off will be increase with
increasing in asphalt content, and increasing in
proportion of coarse aggregate in mix.
4. The Japan’s method resulted lower optimum
asphalt content and higher dynamic stability
compare to the Japan’s method, although it is
required more evidence.
5. Permeable asphalt pavement mixture for
Cantabro test we can see that optimum BNA
Blend Pertamina for the coarse agregate domato
stone it was bigger porous when quality asphalt
3%. Loss weight Cantabro 77.10% correlation
with quality asphalt 3%, loss weight Cantabro
2,34% correlation with quality asphalt 3.5%, loss
weight Cantabro 14,56% correlation with quality
asphalt 4%, Loss weight Cantabro 12,24%
correlation with quality asphalt 4.5% and loss
weight Cantabro 9,70% correlation with quality
asphalt 5%.
6. This study evaluated the performance of two
porous pavement systems from the perspective
of infiltration and runoff, with very positive
performance in comparison to a traditional
impervious surface. All two porous pavement
surfaces increased infiltration and decreased
runoff. Larger porosity values, higher infiltration
coefficients, thicker subbase layers and lower
initial water contents of the subgrade produce
higher infiltration rates and smaller runoff
coefficients. When rainfall infiltrates into a
porous surface and its underlying sub-base, the
outflow hydrograph will be influenced by the
way in which the construction materials retain or
delay flow.
7. For quality asphalt 3% we get peak load 15,48
KN Stress 19.703 N/mm2
, for quality asphalt
3,5% we get peak load 10,28 KN Stress 13.093
N/mm2
, for quality asphalt 4% we get peak load
15,26 KN Stress 19.417 N/mm2
, for quality
asphalt 4,5% we get peak load 9,90 KN Stress
12.601 N/mm2
, for quality asphalt 5% we get
peak load 10,38 KN Stress 13.223 N/mm2
, for
quality asphalt 5,5% we get peak load 13,48 KN
Stress 17.159 N/mm2
.
REFERENCES
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(1997) Open graded asphalt design guide.
Japan Asphalt Pavement Association
Firdaus Chairuddin, (2013), Experimental
Study Permeable Asphalt Pavement Used
Domato Stone (Quarsite Dolomite) For
Surfase course on road Pavement. Green
Buldin Technology Material conference in
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.
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Suggestion to the improvement in durability
of the function of porous asphalt pavement,
Road Construction, August
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Strength generation mechanism for porous
asphalt pavement, Road Construction,
June
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[5] Allex Eduardo Alvarez Lugo, 2009,
Improving Mix Design and Construction
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Disserttion Departmen of Civil Enginering
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[6] He Gui Ping, Wong Wing Gun, 2006.
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6. Firdaus Chairuddin et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 5), June 2014, pp.01-06
www.ijera.com 6 | P a g e
Autors
Firdaus Chairuddin Graduate
Doctor Programe Civil Enginering
Dept.Hasanuddin University
Indonesia (1990-1996) DEAN at
The tecnique of univercity 45
Makassar, South Sulawesi. (1996-
1999) DEAN at The Tecnique
Faculty of UKIT Tomohon, North Celebes. (1999-
2004) Deputy team leader Gosowong Halmahera
Mineral Oil Pubricant at Maluku. (2004-2011)
Teacher Rood Pavement For Atmajaya Univercity.
(20112014) Graduate Doctor Civil Programe Study
S3 Pascasarjan Hasanuddin Univercity.Makassar,
South Celebes.