This document discusses integrating gender into monitoring and evaluation of health programs. It begins by defining sex and gender, explaining that gender refers to societal roles and relationships between women and men. Gender inequality impacts health outcomes and health care utilization. New global priorities emphasize addressing gender in health programs and policies. Effective monitoring and evaluation requires collecting sex-disaggregated data and gender-related indicators to understand impacts on women and men and progress toward gender equality. Resources and tools are available to help strengthen gender-sensitive monitoring and evaluation.
Over the past decade, Kenya has made tremendous efforts to enhance maternal and child health. Secure maternity policies such as free maternity care are one of the initiatives that have enhanced maternal and child health in all public health facilities. Despite these attempts, public health facilities for maternal and child health are still underused. This study employed a cross-sectional descriptive study design to identify determinants of free maternal health services by evaluating factors determining perceptions and health-seeking behavior of 384 pregnant mothers in Malava Sub-County, Kakamega County. The study used a mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative approaches). Questionnaires were administered to pregnant mothers selected for the study. The study employed a purposive sampling of research participants. Quantitative data were collected using the questionnaire administered by the research assistants whereas qualitative data were collected by the researcher through interview schedules. Quantitative data analysis was carried out using SPSS 23. However, qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. Quantitative data representation was done in terms of frequency and percentages. Analysis of chi-square testing was used to assess the association between the variables of socio-economic and health facilities and the provision of free maternity facilities (p<0.05). The study established that the uptake of free maternal service by pregnant mothers was influenced by their level of primitivism and religious beliefs. In addition, this study found out that 53.8% and 77.7% of the pregnant mothers could not attend antenatal and post-natal care because government facilities were located far away from their residences and they also had less access to some information about free maternal health care. The results of this research would be disseminated to the hospital management team, Sub-Country health management team, County health management team, and other stakeholders, thereby demonstrating reasons for low uptake of free maternity services and helping to strategize for better service delivery. Based on the finding, the study recommends that to improve access to free maternal health care, the county government ought to place health services as close as possible to the community where people live. Secondly, there is a need to embrace the usage of the existing media network to sensitize pregnant mothers to the danger signs and the need to have decision-making powers over their safety. Lastly, hospital management ought to increase the awareness of free maternal health care and to include it among the community priorities during dialog days, action days, and other group discussions.
The U.S. Government’s Global Health Initiativejehill3
The U.S. Government’s Global Health Initiative
Richard Greene, Director, Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, USAID
CORE Group Spring Meeting, Tuesday April 27, 2010
Citizen Report Card issue brief on family planning in ugandaFOWODE Uganda
Forum for Women in Democracy in 2012, commissioned a study in Gulu and Luwero districts to measure citizens’ satisfaction with Family Planning (FP) services using a Citizens’ Report Card (CRC).
Describes and award winning web site and education program aimed at youth, teachers, health care professionals, parents and adults. Presented at an international conference June 2007 organized by ISHN(www.internationalschoolhealth.org)
Common vision child undernutrition march 29 2019POSHAN
Child Undernutrition group presentation - workshop on "A Common Vision for Tackling Malnutrition in India: Building on Data, Evidence and Expert Opinion" - 29-30 March 2019
This report contains information on Ventura County and the different benefits and drawbacks of its different health care services. It is intended as an overview of Ventura County’s health status.
February 14, 2020
On February 14, 2020, Harvard Medical School Center for Bioethics and the Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law (PORTAL) at Brigham and Women's Hospital, in collaboration with the Petrie-Flom Center hosted the monthly health policy consortium on sugar-sweetened beverage excise taxes.
In recent years, some cities have tried to impose soda taxes and other new policies to reduce the obesity epidemic in the US—particularly among children—and its critical impact on society and the health care system. How effective are these policies? What is blocking their uptake? What alternatives should we consider?
For more information visit our website at: https://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/soda-taxes-and-other-policy-responses-to-the-american-obesity-epidemic
Background: Adolescents are exposed to several reproductive health challenges including early marriage, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions and sexually transmitted infections. An estimated 14 million adolescents give birth annually of which more than 90% of these occurs in developing countries. Adolescents in the Sub-Saharan Africa have low family planning utilization rates, limited knowledge of reproductive health services and very high pregnancy rates which is not unrelated to the negative attitude of some health care providers towards the provision of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services and information to adolescents.
Ghia foundation strategy document v4.dec.17.2015 (ab)Ghia Foundation
GHIA FOUNDATION WAS FOUNDED IN 2013 by a team of kind-heated Professionals.
VISION: A World where women in developing Countries live healthier , longer lives
MISSION – To reduce morbidity and mortality among women in developing Countries by strengthening Health Systems to deliver high quality, comprehensive health services.
Over the past decade, Kenya has made tremendous efforts to enhance maternal and child health. Secure maternity policies such as free maternity care are one of the initiatives that have enhanced maternal and child health in all public health facilities. Despite these attempts, public health facilities for maternal and child health are still underused. This study employed a cross-sectional descriptive study design to identify determinants of free maternal health services by evaluating factors determining perceptions and health-seeking behavior of 384 pregnant mothers in Malava Sub-County, Kakamega County. The study used a mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative approaches). Questionnaires were administered to pregnant mothers selected for the study. The study employed a purposive sampling of research participants. Quantitative data were collected using the questionnaire administered by the research assistants whereas qualitative data were collected by the researcher through interview schedules. Quantitative data analysis was carried out using SPSS 23. However, qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. Quantitative data representation was done in terms of frequency and percentages. Analysis of chi-square testing was used to assess the association between the variables of socio-economic and health facilities and the provision of free maternity facilities (p<0.05). The study established that the uptake of free maternal service by pregnant mothers was influenced by their level of primitivism and religious beliefs. In addition, this study found out that 53.8% and 77.7% of the pregnant mothers could not attend antenatal and post-natal care because government facilities were located far away from their residences and they also had less access to some information about free maternal health care. The results of this research would be disseminated to the hospital management team, Sub-Country health management team, County health management team, and other stakeholders, thereby demonstrating reasons for low uptake of free maternity services and helping to strategize for better service delivery. Based on the finding, the study recommends that to improve access to free maternal health care, the county government ought to place health services as close as possible to the community where people live. Secondly, there is a need to embrace the usage of the existing media network to sensitize pregnant mothers to the danger signs and the need to have decision-making powers over their safety. Lastly, hospital management ought to increase the awareness of free maternal health care and to include it among the community priorities during dialog days, action days, and other group discussions.
The U.S. Government’s Global Health Initiativejehill3
The U.S. Government’s Global Health Initiative
Richard Greene, Director, Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, USAID
CORE Group Spring Meeting, Tuesday April 27, 2010
Citizen Report Card issue brief on family planning in ugandaFOWODE Uganda
Forum for Women in Democracy in 2012, commissioned a study in Gulu and Luwero districts to measure citizens’ satisfaction with Family Planning (FP) services using a Citizens’ Report Card (CRC).
Describes and award winning web site and education program aimed at youth, teachers, health care professionals, parents and adults. Presented at an international conference June 2007 organized by ISHN(www.internationalschoolhealth.org)
Common vision child undernutrition march 29 2019POSHAN
Child Undernutrition group presentation - workshop on "A Common Vision for Tackling Malnutrition in India: Building on Data, Evidence and Expert Opinion" - 29-30 March 2019
This report contains information on Ventura County and the different benefits and drawbacks of its different health care services. It is intended as an overview of Ventura County’s health status.
February 14, 2020
On February 14, 2020, Harvard Medical School Center for Bioethics and the Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law (PORTAL) at Brigham and Women's Hospital, in collaboration with the Petrie-Flom Center hosted the monthly health policy consortium on sugar-sweetened beverage excise taxes.
In recent years, some cities have tried to impose soda taxes and other new policies to reduce the obesity epidemic in the US—particularly among children—and its critical impact on society and the health care system. How effective are these policies? What is blocking their uptake? What alternatives should we consider?
For more information visit our website at: https://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/soda-taxes-and-other-policy-responses-to-the-american-obesity-epidemic
Background: Adolescents are exposed to several reproductive health challenges including early marriage, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions and sexually transmitted infections. An estimated 14 million adolescents give birth annually of which more than 90% of these occurs in developing countries. Adolescents in the Sub-Saharan Africa have low family planning utilization rates, limited knowledge of reproductive health services and very high pregnancy rates which is not unrelated to the negative attitude of some health care providers towards the provision of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services and information to adolescents.
Ghia foundation strategy document v4.dec.17.2015 (ab)Ghia Foundation
GHIA FOUNDATION WAS FOUNDED IN 2013 by a team of kind-heated Professionals.
VISION: A World where women in developing Countries live healthier , longer lives
MISSION – To reduce morbidity and mortality among women in developing Countries by strengthening Health Systems to deliver high quality, comprehensive health services.
PAGE 24The perceptions of health workers on the effecti.docxalfred4lewis58146
PAGE
24
The perceptions of health workers on the effectiveness of HIV Prevention Programmes for MSM in Jamaica
May 2013
Abstract
The Jamaican Ministry of Health (MOH) has framed a policy and strategy that allows for sexual health promotion and HIV prevention programmes to be conducted for men who have sex with men (MSM), despite an enforced legal framework which makes it illegal to participate in anal sex. The population of Jamaica’s MSM accounts for the highest HIV prevalence rate on the island. While the National HIV/ STI Programme conducts a government-run programme, a significant portion of the work is conducted by local and internationally funded non-government organizations (NGO). This study seeks to explore the efficiency of these HIV/AIDS prevention programmes from the experiences and perspectives of the health care workers involved in their implementation. It will utilize qualitative research methodology of a descriptive cross-sectional design. The procedure will involve the use of interviews. These will be conducted with health workers in MSM programmes from NGOs and the Jamaica National HIV/STI Programme. It is expected that the results may indicate a view of success with many programmes, with limitations being attributed to the societal and legal framework within which they work. It may also show disparities between government and locally ran programmes conducted by NGOs. The results of this study will be shared and made available to public libraries, the government of Jamaica and other stakeholders working to alleviate the impact of HIV and AIDS in Jamaica and the world. *
Keywords: HIV/AIDS, health promotion and HIV prevention, men who have sex with men (MSM), Jamaica, sexual health, gay men, other MSM and transgender individuals (GMT).Table of Contents
Page #
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
Discussion
Conclusion
Reflection
References
Appendix Consent
Appendix Draft Interview
Glossary
Privacy Statement
1. Introduction
This study explores the effectiveness of the HIV and AIDS response within the target population of MSM in Jamaica. It investigates, the views and perspectives of the health workers who carry out or implement these programmes.
Thanks to science, the ability to treat and care for persons living with HIV (PLHIV) and AIDS has grown exponentially. Individuals are defying their prognoses and are living with HIV and AIDS for record number of years than they did when the virus was first discovered. Gay, bisexual, transgendered and other men who have sex with men but may not identify as gay, are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections like HIV (MOH, 2011a). For the purpose of this research the term MSM will be defined and utilized as the public health terminology to capture the target audience of all males who have sex with males.
For the purpose of this research.
Running head APPLICATIONS OF THE PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL 1.docxSUBHI7
Running head: APPLICATIONS OF THE PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL 1
APPLICATIONS OF THE PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL 4
Applications of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
Joseph Toole
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
3 Jan 2016
Unprotected sexual intercourse among teens is one of the major negative health behaviors in the current society. The sexual intercourse among teens has predisposed teenagers to sexually transmitted diseases and early pregnancy. The rate of intercourse among the teenagers has been on the rise and this raises eyebrows on the intervention strategies that need to be adopted in reducing the behavior among the teenagers. The major reason why the health behavior has been on the increase is due to influence by the media and lack of information among the teenagers. It is therefore important to address the problem before it becomes a major disaster in the society.
The behavior of intercourse is problematic to the society. One of the factors that make it problematic is how the teenagers are predisposed to sexually transmitted diseases. Most of the teenagers are not informed on the health dangers of their behaviors and end up risking their lives. Some of the sexually transmitted diseases are very dangerous and could lead to death such as HIV/AIDs, which means that if the health behavior is not taken care of, then more teenagers are expected to die. It is therefore important that the behavior is paid the attention that it deserves before the mortality rate resulting from the behavior increases (Li, 2009).
There are a number of predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors that influence unprotected sexual intercourse among the teenagers. One of these factors is the media. The media has played a major role in influencing sexual intercourse among teenagers. Nowadays, the media brings programs that even show the people having sexual intercourse. Since teenagers always want to experiment what they see, they will want to try it out, leading to unprotected sexual intercourse. With the introduction of internet and smart phones, teenagers nowadays can watch anything and since it is difficult to filter the content from the internet, it becomes impossible to control what the teenagers are watching. The other PRE factor considered to increase the prevalence of unprotected sexual intercourse among the teenagers is lack of information about sex by the teenagers. Even though many teenagers are exposed to the internet and other sources of information, they do not have information on how to practice safe sex. The parents are also shying away from educating their children, an aspect that makes the teenagers oblivious of the dangers involved in practicing unprotected sex. Most of the teenagers practice unsafe sex since they do not know the health dangers involved. Some of them think that pregnancy is the only thing that should be avoided during sex not knowing that there are other many health dangers that can be avoided by having safe sex ...
Mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) is the main route by which infants acquire HIV infection globally. In 2010, children living with HIV in Nigeria contributed 15.3% to the 370,000 infected children worldwide, thus, the region with the highest number of unprotected childhood infection. This accounts for about 90% of HIV infection in children below 15 years of age.Most children below 15 years living with HIV contract diseases through MTCT (FMoH, 2010)
Overall incidence of MTCT without intervention is 20%-45% distributed over
-Antenatal period
-Labour & Delivery
-Breastfeeding
Without intervention,
About 30% of infants of HIV infected mothers will be infected during pregnancy and delivery
An additional 5-20% will also be infected through breastfeeding practices.
Brief overview of group 2 final PowerPoint presentation pertaining to the affects of macro-trends on the U.S.Healthcare Systems and potential job growth/opportunities that will come from them.
Relationship between Fertility and Reproductive Health.pptxAshik Mondal
This slide made by me for my educational purpose. I think it will be helpful for others students in theie academic life specially who are interested about demogphy
Combined presentations given at the launch of the Building Back Better website and resources on gender in post conflict health systems; 20th October 2015 in Liverpool
Building back better: Gender and post-conflict health systemsRinGsRPC
This presentation was given at our Building Back Better launch event which featured speakers from the UK, Sierra Leone and Northern Uganda. You can read more about the project at http://www.buildingbackbetter.org/#overview
Managing missing values in routinely reported data: One approach from the Dem...MEASURE Evaluation
This Data for Impact webinar was held in December 2020. Access the recording and learn more at https://www.data4impactproject.org/resources/webinars/managing-missing-values-in-routinely-reported-data-one-approach-from-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/
This Data for Impact webinar took place October 29, 2020. Learn more at https://www.data4impactproject.org/resources/webinars/use-of-routine-data-for-economic-evaluations/
Data for Impact hosted a one-hour webinar sharing guidance for using routine data in evaluations. More: https://www.data4impactproject.org/resources/webinars/routine-data-use-in-evaluation-practical-guidance/
Lessons learned in using process tracing for evaluationMEASURE Evaluation
Access the recording for this Data for Impact (D4I) webinar at https://www.data4impactproject.org/lessons-learned-in-using-process-tracing-for-evaluation/
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Getting the G into M&E: Gender and Monitoring and Evaluation
1. Getting the G into M&E
Gender and Monitoring and Evaluation
Shelah Bloom, ScD
2. Overview
Gender—what are we talking about?
Why gender and health?
New strategic developments
Health programming models
Getting the G into M&E
3. Definitions1
Sex: Biological
difference
between males &
females
1 WHO 2009: Integrating gender into HIV/AIDS programmes in the health sector
4. Definitions1
Gender: Beliefs about the
appropriate roles, duties, rights,
responsibilities, accepted
behaviors, opportunities and
status of women and men, in
relation to one another
Vary between places & change
over time in the same place
1 WHO 2009: Integrating gender into HIV/AIDS programmes in the
health sector
5. Definitions1
Gender Equality
Equal treatment in laws and policies,
equal access to health resources and
services within families, communities
and society at large
Gender Equity
Absence of unfair/avoidable or
preventable differences in health
between women and men.
Accounting for different barriers
affecting women and men in benefiting
from health-care programs
1 WHO 2009: Integrating gender into HIV/AIDS programmes in the health sector
6. Gender inequality is
the most pervasive
form of social
inequality
Gender inequality
cuts across all
other forms such
as class, caste,
race and
ethnicity1
1 WHO 2009: Integrating gender into HIV/AIDS programmes in the health sector
7. Why Gender?
Gender inequality influences
Higher child mortality, rates of stunting and wasting
Lower rates of health care utilization for maternal, child,
and reproductive health services (including STI/HIV)
Higher maternal mortality
Higher GBV
Gender Inequality recognized as driver of the AIDS
pandemic
8. Why Gender?
Gender inequality index (75 countries)
Low birth weight, higher fertility, infant & <5 mortality1
Lower women’s empowerment
Trafficked FSWs , increased HIV risk in India2
Decreased use of maternal health services in India3
Increased neonatal mortality in Bangladesh4
Increased family planning use in Ghana5
Increased wasting in 6 African countries6
1Varkey et al. 2010;2 Silverman et al., 32011;Bloom et. al, 2001,
4Hossain et al., 2007 5 Norwood 2011; 6Singh et al. 2011
15. Addressing Gender in health programs:
Gender-Based Analysis1
Analyze: gender differentials
Health status & determinants
Care utilization needs
Ability to pay
Participation of in health management
Gender-related influences, omissions & implications
in health policy, programming & planning
Leads to addressing gender explicitly
1PAHO (2009). Guidelines for gender-
based analysis of health data for
decision making. PAHO.
16. GBA Data requirements 1
Quantitative
Collecting, reporting & analyzing sex
disaggregated
Socioeconomic determinants
Gender measures
Qualitative
Personal experiences and perspectives,
motivations, attitudes, behaviors, choices etc.
Gets to the why of what quantitative data shows
but often cannot explain
1PAHO (2009). Guidelines for gender-
based analysis of health data for
decision making. PAHO.
18. Monitoring
Indicators that measure gender-specific outputs
Indicators that track progress and effectiveness of
gender-specific elements of programming
Disaggregated data collection and analyses
Data collection in areas such as attitudes and
behavior that reflect gender norms
USAID IGWG 2009, A manual for integrating gender into
reproductive health and HIV programs
19. Evaluation
Measuring impact on outcomes that relate to gender-
specific programming
Elements that address gender equality
Data used to demonstrate progress and impact,
influences demand for richer data
USAID IGWG 2009, A manual for integrating gender into
reproductive health and HIV programs
20. Measuring Gender
Sex disaggregated data: differentials in disease
incidence/prevalence and service utilization/delivery
Complex construct unlike many risk factors
Gender equality measures that have been used for quantitative
analyses in HIV/AIDS studies
Norms for women and men, including attitudes about gender-
based violence (GBV)
Beliefs about roles
Relationship factors
Women’s autonomy—decision making power in various areas
Independent access to economic resources
Experience of GBV
21. Example of complex gender equality
measure: GEM Scale
Objective is to measure attitudes towards gender
norms in intimate relationships among men
Used to predict multiple partners & IPV in varied
contexts (Brazil, India, China, Uganda etc.)
24 items, 2 sub scales: Inequitable gender norms,
Equitable gender norms
Requires asking 24 (can be more or less, depending
on context) items, then performing a statistical
analysis
22. Sample Indicators
Gender Equality Measures
Proportion of people who say that wife beating is an acceptable way
for husbands to discipline their wives
Numerator: Number of respondents in an area (region, community,
country) who respond "yes" to any of the following questions:
Sometimes a husband is annoyed or angered by things that his wife
does. In your opinion, is a husband justified in hitting or beating his
wife if
she is unfaithful to him
disobeys her husband
argues with him
refuses to have sex with him
does not do the housework adequately
Denominator: Total number of people surveyed
23. Gender and Health M&E:
Basics
How can health information systems
address gender inequality? 1
Involvement of stakeholders at all levels
Sex-disaggregated data
Ongoing gender training for M&E system staff
Gender-integrated M&E plans
1Payne, Sarah (2009). How can gender
equity be addressed through health
systems? WHO, policy brief #12
24. MEASURE Evaluation
Provide M&E CBT to improve gender data use
Improve existing data use, new data collection to
capture gender-related effects of programs and
policies
Research to improve evidence demonstrating effects
of gender on health programming and policy
Global collaboration to promote knowledge base of
gender M&E
25. Capacity building & training
Regional M&E trainings: Gender module
Tailored to region, context (PHN/HIV)
Understanding gender basics
Applied gender concepts
Integrating gender into M&E plans
Used in India, Senegal (French), Nigeria, South Africa
Online module
26. Existing Data Use
Know your HIV/AIDS epidemic from a gender
perspective: Rwanda
Objectives
Illuminate gender effects on programmatic response
Generate demand for richer gender-related data
Assess existing national level data for potential
Analyses using gender indicators (menu of options) &
show gender effects
Enhance data use with tool
27. Research to improve evidence
WJEI: Benin, Kenya, South Africa, Zambia
GBV initiative
Qualitative evaluation
Influences on design, implementation
Effects
28. Global Collaboration
Global AIDS Response Reporting
“Gender Indicator” wanted
Prevalence of Recent Intimate Partner
Violence (IPV)
Numerator: Women 15-49, have/had intimate
partner, reporting physical or sexual violence in
past 12 months
Denominator Total women surveyed aged 15-49
who currently have or had an intimate partner
30. Gender M&E Resources and Tools
VAW/G compendium
Gender scales
http://www.c-changeprogram.org/content/gender-scales-
compendium/index.html
K4 Health IGWG Gender and Health Toolkit
http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/igwg-gender
MEASURE Evaluation gender website:
http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/our-work/gender
31. Gender M&E Resources and Tools:
Coming soon
Gender and HIV indicator menu of options
Set of harmonized, agreed-on indicators
TAG includes USG (PEPFAR USAID), UN
(UNWomen UNAIDS, WHO, UNFPA), World
Bank, GFATM & other experts
Resource guide for gender data and
statistics (WHO, IGWG/USAID & MEASURE
Evaluation)
32.
33. MEASURE Evaluation is a MEASURE project funded by the
U.S. Agency for International Development and implemented by
the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill in partnership with Futures Group International,
ICF Macro, John Snow, Inc., Management Sciences for Health,
and Tulane University. Views expressed in this presentation do not
necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. Government.
MEASURE Evaluation is the USAID Global Health Bureau's
primary vehicle for supporting improvements in monitoring and
evaluation in population, health and nutrition worldwide.
Editor's Notes
The reason we must think about gender and M&E is because it has a powerful impact on health status outcomes. Studies for 25 years have documented that gender, measured in a variety of ways, influences a range health outcomes, including HIV/AIDS. This effect has shown to be independent of other factors. In other words, these health outcomes are influenced by gender equality regardless of economic and educational status, age, religion, urban or rural residence and a host of other factors. These factors mediate the effect of gender. For example, in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, it was observed that poor women with low autonomy are less likely to use antenatal and delivery care than are their wealthier counterparts with low autonomy, but poor women with higher autonomy were more likely to use maternal health services than richer women with low autonomy. This applies to almost any health outcome studied. We next focus on HIV/AIDS.
This slide gives practical examples of what has been used to indicate gender factors in quantitative analyses. At the most basic level, most health information systems collect information by sex on many areas related to HIV/AIDS programming, such as surveillance of prevalence in different populations, service utilization like VCT, PMTCT, and service delivery. Doing analyses by sex will reveal any gender differentials in these areas.Measuring other aspects of gender is more complicated. Unlike other risk factors for HIV, such as alcohol use, mobility, number of partners etc., gender is a complex construct that covers a range of areas in of itself. Many of these measures are composites of several variables, or scales with many items. The reason for this is that these areas cannot be captured with a single question or variable.The areas of measurement are important to define: what aspect of gender do we want to measure? The possibilities are listed here:Norms or roles: what people believe is defines acceptable behavior for women and menRelationship factors: how women and men relate to each other—sexual negotiation, communication about other thingsWomen’s autonomy: ability to do what she wants, make decisions, freedom of movement (going places), financial decision-making (spending money independently)Access to economic resources: land, income