Not meant to specifically address Catholicism other than purely a purely historical perspective. The plot can be applied to various settings & characters. however, the lessons are basically the same.
1.3 canon, creeds and heresy presentationjamiemcmillan
The early Christians faced many challenges that forced them to define and defend their beliefs. They developed creeds and established orthodox doctrines to distinguish themselves from heresies like Gnosticism and Docetism. Church leadership structures emerged with bishops, priests, and deacons. Important Church Fathers like Irenaeus wrote to refute heresies and established what books were part of the biblical canon.
The early church experienced rapid growth from the 1st to 4th centuries despite facing persecution. Hellenism had spread Greek culture and ideas widely, including in Palestine. Between exile and 70 AD, five major Jewish sects formed including Christians. Common elements united early Christian Jews, like keeping the Sabbath. Christianity also spread due to the Roman Empire's infrastructure and Greek language. Persecution under Nero and Domitian was horrific, leading to the martyrdoms of the apostles and other early Christians like Polycarp and Ignatius. Further persecution under emperors like Septimius Severus and the edicts of Diocletian sought to destroy Christian buildings and books.
The document summarizes the rise of Christianity from the life of Jesus to the legalization of Christianity under Emperor Constantine. It discusses how Jesus was executed, how Paul helped spread the faith, and factors that aided Christianity's growth. It describes early persecution by Romans who saw Christians as undermining authority by not worshipping Roman gods. Constantine ended persecution and legalized Christianity, establishing it as the official religion, though he also persecuted Jews and heretical sects.
The document summarizes the historical separation between Judaism and Christianity. Initially, Christianity was considered a sect of Judaism by Romans and afforded the same legal protections as Judaism. However, theological differences emerged in the New Testament, with Christians separating themselves from traditional Jewish beliefs and practices. The destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 AD marked a defining break, as Judaism and Christianity each underwent redefinitions centered on their distinct religious identities and leadership.
1) Jesus was born in Bethlehem around 6-4 BC and grew up in Nazareth. He began preaching at age 30 and performed miracles according to the Gospels. He was crucified under Pontius Pilate but his followers believed he resurrected.
2) Paul originally persecuted Christians but had a vision of Jesus and became an apostle, preaching that Christianity was open to all. He wrote many New Testament letters.
3) Constantine legalized Christianity in 313 AD and it became the official religion under Theodosius I in 380 AD, spreading across the Roman Empire.
This document summarizes the early history and spread of Christianity from the 2nd to 5th centuries AD. It discusses periods of persecution under Roman emperors like Decius and Diocletian, as well as the martyrdom of figures like Perpetua and Polycarp. It also covers the development of heresies such as Gnosticism, theological debates, and the work of early Church fathers and apologists. Constantine's Edict of Milan ended persecution in 313 and Christianity became the official state religion under Theodosius I in 380. The document traces the spread of Christianity to areas like Armenia, Ethiopia, Italy, France, and England during this time period.
Christianity began as a sect of Judaism based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. It gradually spread throughout the Roman Empire due to the missionary work of the Apostles like Paul of Tarsus, who helped establish Christian churches. As Christianity grew, it developed rituals like baptism and communion, and priests trained to perform these ceremonies took on authority. The church structure expanded as well, with bishops overseeing local churches and the bishop of Rome becoming the Pope, head of the growing Christian Church.
1.3 canon, creeds and heresy presentationjamiemcmillan
The early Christians faced many challenges that forced them to define and defend their beliefs. They developed creeds and established orthodox doctrines to distinguish themselves from heresies like Gnosticism and Docetism. Church leadership structures emerged with bishops, priests, and deacons. Important Church Fathers like Irenaeus wrote to refute heresies and established what books were part of the biblical canon.
The early church experienced rapid growth from the 1st to 4th centuries despite facing persecution. Hellenism had spread Greek culture and ideas widely, including in Palestine. Between exile and 70 AD, five major Jewish sects formed including Christians. Common elements united early Christian Jews, like keeping the Sabbath. Christianity also spread due to the Roman Empire's infrastructure and Greek language. Persecution under Nero and Domitian was horrific, leading to the martyrdoms of the apostles and other early Christians like Polycarp and Ignatius. Further persecution under emperors like Septimius Severus and the edicts of Diocletian sought to destroy Christian buildings and books.
The document summarizes the rise of Christianity from the life of Jesus to the legalization of Christianity under Emperor Constantine. It discusses how Jesus was executed, how Paul helped spread the faith, and factors that aided Christianity's growth. It describes early persecution by Romans who saw Christians as undermining authority by not worshipping Roman gods. Constantine ended persecution and legalized Christianity, establishing it as the official religion, though he also persecuted Jews and heretical sects.
The document summarizes the historical separation between Judaism and Christianity. Initially, Christianity was considered a sect of Judaism by Romans and afforded the same legal protections as Judaism. However, theological differences emerged in the New Testament, with Christians separating themselves from traditional Jewish beliefs and practices. The destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 AD marked a defining break, as Judaism and Christianity each underwent redefinitions centered on their distinct religious identities and leadership.
1) Jesus was born in Bethlehem around 6-4 BC and grew up in Nazareth. He began preaching at age 30 and performed miracles according to the Gospels. He was crucified under Pontius Pilate but his followers believed he resurrected.
2) Paul originally persecuted Christians but had a vision of Jesus and became an apostle, preaching that Christianity was open to all. He wrote many New Testament letters.
3) Constantine legalized Christianity in 313 AD and it became the official religion under Theodosius I in 380 AD, spreading across the Roman Empire.
This document summarizes the early history and spread of Christianity from the 2nd to 5th centuries AD. It discusses periods of persecution under Roman emperors like Decius and Diocletian, as well as the martyrdom of figures like Perpetua and Polycarp. It also covers the development of heresies such as Gnosticism, theological debates, and the work of early Church fathers and apologists. Constantine's Edict of Milan ended persecution in 313 and Christianity became the official state religion under Theodosius I in 380. The document traces the spread of Christianity to areas like Armenia, Ethiopia, Italy, France, and England during this time period.
Christianity began as a sect of Judaism based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. It gradually spread throughout the Roman Empire due to the missionary work of the Apostles like Paul of Tarsus, who helped establish Christian churches. As Christianity grew, it developed rituals like baptism and communion, and priests trained to perform these ceremonies took on authority. The church structure expanded as well, with bishops overseeing local churches and the bishop of Rome becoming the Pope, head of the growing Christian Church.
Church history began around 30 AD in Palestine following the resurrection of Jesus Christ. By the third century, Christianity had become the dominant religion of the northern Mediterranean world. Over time, the church grew and faced periods of both persecution and acceptance from political powers. Important events and figures helped shape Christian theology through the early church, medieval period, Reformation, and modern era. Church history is an important lens for understanding the development of Christianity over nearly two millennia.
The Enlightenment was a period in the 17th-18th centuries where thinkers believed reason, science, and humanism could improve society. Key philosophers like Descartes, Spinoza, Hobbes and Locke believed faith should align with reason. Enlightenment thinkers saw the Catholic Church as oppressing free thought and opted for deism instead. They focused on improving life through principles like reason, autonomy, nature, tolerance, optimism and humanism. Nature replaced revelation as the source of knowledge and morality. The Enlightenment challenged traditional Christianity and miracles through emphasis on natural law and reason.
Christianity & monasticism in medieval agesJuliya Yulin
Christianity was established by Jesus and his 12 apostles in the 1st century AD. It grew from a small Jewish sect to a major world religion, influenced by the teachings of Jesus and the martyrdom of early Christians. The religion further expanded after Emperor Constantine legalized Christianity in the 4th century, and it became the dominant faith in Europe during the Middle Ages, shaping its culture and society. The papacy also rose to power and authority during this time.
The Roman Empire reached its peak during the Pax Romana period when Jesus was born. The first emperor, Augustus, brought stability and prosperity by regulating taxation and encouraging farming and trade. However, moral decline and the costs of maintaining a large empire contributed to the collapse of Rome. Barbarian invasions and the sacking of Rome in 410 AD marked the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.
The document discusses the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire between the 1st and 4th centuries AD by various Roman emperors and governors. It describes some of the severe punishments inflicted on Christians such as being burned alive, fed to lions, and stoned to death. It also lists several early Christian martyrs who were persecuted, and discusses some of the reasons for the persecutions, including that Christians were seen as a threat to Roman rule and their beliefs conflicted with Roman pagan religion.
I have made this pp form my class of history of the religion and the presentation was good so i decided to upload it it speaks about Catholicism Protestantism Anglicanism Orthodoxy Pentecostalism
Turning Points, chapter 13, Rise & Spread of Pentecostalismsandiferb
The document discusses the rise and spread of Pentecostalism in the 20th century, beginning with Charles Parham's teachings on spiritual gifts in the 1890s and the Azusa Street Revival in 1906, which sparked the global Pentecostal movement, resulting in over 500 million Pentecostal and Charismatic believers by 2000 as the movement continued its rapid worldwide growth.
http://www.tomrichey.net
These slides are designed to accompany a lecture on the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire from the birth of Jesus of Nazareth through the second century A.D. The "Five Good Emperors" (Antonines) appear as well with emphasis on their policies toward Jews and Christians.
The early Church was born at Pentecost when the Holy Spirit descended upon the apostles and disciples of Jesus, transforming them from hiding in fear to going out into the world to spread the gospel message. Led by figures like Paul of Tarsus, the Church grew rapidly throughout the Roman Empire in the first centuries AD despite periods of persecution. Key events like the Councils of Jerusalem and Nicea helped establish unity in the face of theological disputes and diversity within the early Christian community.
Here are concise responses to the key objections:
1. "Firstborn" and "beginning" refer to Jesus' preeminence as the eternal Son of God, not that He was created.
2. Jesus affirmed His submission to the Father's will while on earth, not denying His deity.
3. Jesus was questioning the young ruler's motivation, not denying His own sinlessness or deity.
This document discusses Pietism, a 17th century Protestant Christian movement that emphasized living a life of personal devotion to God over formal religious observances. It arose in response to the dry formalism of Lutheran orthodoxy. Key figures like Philip Spener and August Francke promoted small group Bible study, social ministry, and a focus on conversion and sanctification. Pietism influenced later leaders like John Wesley and the Methodist movement. The Moravians under Nicholas von Zinzendorf also emphasized heartfelt faith and fellowship. Both Pietism and the Moravians promoted a hands-on, experiential form of Christianity.
After The Apostles Early Church HistorySimon Fuller
The document discusses the diverse pressures faced by early Christian churches after the time of the Apostles, including various heretical teachings that arose such as Docetism, Adoptionism, Gnosticism, and Marcionism. It provides examples of non-canonical gospels and writings from the period. The early church fathers such as Clement, Ignatius, and Polycarp wrote letters addressing issues faced by churches and emphasizing apostolic teaching on topics like church leadership and the true nature of Christ.
Religion and City Life in the Later Roman EmpireJamie Wood
The document provides an overview of religion in the later Roman Empire, especially how it related to urban life. It discusses how Christianity became the dominant religion through Constantine's conversion, and the evolving relationship between church and state. It also examines Christians' relationships with pagans, Jews, and the rise of powerful bishops. The seminar section introduces themes around city life, including living arrangements, food supply, and social hierarchy.
The document provides an overview of medieval Europe from 500-1500 CE. It discusses the transition from the early Roman Catholic church to the medieval church structure. Key events included Charlemagne being crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 CE and the rise of feudalism and manorialism across Europe. Tensions grew between popes and German emperors over power and authority. The document also examines the rise of strong monarchies in countries like France and England, including the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 CE in England. Medieval universities, trade, and guilds developed during this period as well.
This document provides an overview of church history from the 1st century AD to the present. It summarizes the writings of the Apostolic Fathers from 100-180 AD, which show that church practices had changed little from the New Testament model. The document also outlines the persecutions faced by the early church from Roman emperors from Nero in 54 AD to Diocletian in the early 4th century AD. It notes that after Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in 313 AD granting religious freedom to Christians, unscriptural changes began to emerge in church practices and governance.
Christianity originated from Judaism in the 1st century AD. Jesus began teaching in 27AD and his life and teachings are recorded in the Gospels. He emphasized loving God and others. The Romans crucified Jesus but his followers believed he rose from the dead and was the Messiah. Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire despite periods of persecution. It was eventually adopted by the Roman Emperor Constantine in the 4th century AD and became the official religion, with the Church of Rome gaining influence.
The document discusses the religious and political landscape in Europe on the eve of the Protestant Reformation in the 15th-16th centuries. It touches on topics like the consolidation of nation states, Renaissance humanism, economic expansion, anti-clericalism, and the crisis of Martin Luther that helped spark the Reformation. The Reformation led to the fracturing of religious unity in Europe and the emergence of religion mapping onto political boundaries.
The Protestant Reformation began in 15th century Europe as a reaction against corrupt practices in the Catholic Church. Martin Luther protested the sale of indulgences in 1517 with his 95 Theses. This sparked the Reformation and divided Western Christianity between Protestant and Catholic denominations. Luther's theology emphasized salvation by faith alone rather than works. His refusal to recant at the Diet of Worms in 1521 had wide religious, political, and intellectual impacts that transformed Europe.
Church history began around 30 AD in Palestine following the resurrection of Jesus Christ. By the third century, Christianity had become the dominant religion of the northern Mediterranean world. Over time, the church grew and faced periods of both persecution and acceptance from political powers. Important events and figures helped shape Christian theology through the early church, medieval period, Reformation, and modern era. Church history is an important lens for understanding the development of Christianity over nearly two millennia.
The Enlightenment was a period in the 17th-18th centuries where thinkers believed reason, science, and humanism could improve society. Key philosophers like Descartes, Spinoza, Hobbes and Locke believed faith should align with reason. Enlightenment thinkers saw the Catholic Church as oppressing free thought and opted for deism instead. They focused on improving life through principles like reason, autonomy, nature, tolerance, optimism and humanism. Nature replaced revelation as the source of knowledge and morality. The Enlightenment challenged traditional Christianity and miracles through emphasis on natural law and reason.
Christianity & monasticism in medieval agesJuliya Yulin
Christianity was established by Jesus and his 12 apostles in the 1st century AD. It grew from a small Jewish sect to a major world religion, influenced by the teachings of Jesus and the martyrdom of early Christians. The religion further expanded after Emperor Constantine legalized Christianity in the 4th century, and it became the dominant faith in Europe during the Middle Ages, shaping its culture and society. The papacy also rose to power and authority during this time.
The Roman Empire reached its peak during the Pax Romana period when Jesus was born. The first emperor, Augustus, brought stability and prosperity by regulating taxation and encouraging farming and trade. However, moral decline and the costs of maintaining a large empire contributed to the collapse of Rome. Barbarian invasions and the sacking of Rome in 410 AD marked the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.
The document discusses the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire between the 1st and 4th centuries AD by various Roman emperors and governors. It describes some of the severe punishments inflicted on Christians such as being burned alive, fed to lions, and stoned to death. It also lists several early Christian martyrs who were persecuted, and discusses some of the reasons for the persecutions, including that Christians were seen as a threat to Roman rule and their beliefs conflicted with Roman pagan religion.
I have made this pp form my class of history of the religion and the presentation was good so i decided to upload it it speaks about Catholicism Protestantism Anglicanism Orthodoxy Pentecostalism
Turning Points, chapter 13, Rise & Spread of Pentecostalismsandiferb
The document discusses the rise and spread of Pentecostalism in the 20th century, beginning with Charles Parham's teachings on spiritual gifts in the 1890s and the Azusa Street Revival in 1906, which sparked the global Pentecostal movement, resulting in over 500 million Pentecostal and Charismatic believers by 2000 as the movement continued its rapid worldwide growth.
http://www.tomrichey.net
These slides are designed to accompany a lecture on the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire from the birth of Jesus of Nazareth through the second century A.D. The "Five Good Emperors" (Antonines) appear as well with emphasis on their policies toward Jews and Christians.
The early Church was born at Pentecost when the Holy Spirit descended upon the apostles and disciples of Jesus, transforming them from hiding in fear to going out into the world to spread the gospel message. Led by figures like Paul of Tarsus, the Church grew rapidly throughout the Roman Empire in the first centuries AD despite periods of persecution. Key events like the Councils of Jerusalem and Nicea helped establish unity in the face of theological disputes and diversity within the early Christian community.
Here are concise responses to the key objections:
1. "Firstborn" and "beginning" refer to Jesus' preeminence as the eternal Son of God, not that He was created.
2. Jesus affirmed His submission to the Father's will while on earth, not denying His deity.
3. Jesus was questioning the young ruler's motivation, not denying His own sinlessness or deity.
This document discusses Pietism, a 17th century Protestant Christian movement that emphasized living a life of personal devotion to God over formal religious observances. It arose in response to the dry formalism of Lutheran orthodoxy. Key figures like Philip Spener and August Francke promoted small group Bible study, social ministry, and a focus on conversion and sanctification. Pietism influenced later leaders like John Wesley and the Methodist movement. The Moravians under Nicholas von Zinzendorf also emphasized heartfelt faith and fellowship. Both Pietism and the Moravians promoted a hands-on, experiential form of Christianity.
After The Apostles Early Church HistorySimon Fuller
The document discusses the diverse pressures faced by early Christian churches after the time of the Apostles, including various heretical teachings that arose such as Docetism, Adoptionism, Gnosticism, and Marcionism. It provides examples of non-canonical gospels and writings from the period. The early church fathers such as Clement, Ignatius, and Polycarp wrote letters addressing issues faced by churches and emphasizing apostolic teaching on topics like church leadership and the true nature of Christ.
Religion and City Life in the Later Roman EmpireJamie Wood
The document provides an overview of religion in the later Roman Empire, especially how it related to urban life. It discusses how Christianity became the dominant religion through Constantine's conversion, and the evolving relationship between church and state. It also examines Christians' relationships with pagans, Jews, and the rise of powerful bishops. The seminar section introduces themes around city life, including living arrangements, food supply, and social hierarchy.
The document provides an overview of medieval Europe from 500-1500 CE. It discusses the transition from the early Roman Catholic church to the medieval church structure. Key events included Charlemagne being crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 CE and the rise of feudalism and manorialism across Europe. Tensions grew between popes and German emperors over power and authority. The document also examines the rise of strong monarchies in countries like France and England, including the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 CE in England. Medieval universities, trade, and guilds developed during this period as well.
This document provides an overview of church history from the 1st century AD to the present. It summarizes the writings of the Apostolic Fathers from 100-180 AD, which show that church practices had changed little from the New Testament model. The document also outlines the persecutions faced by the early church from Roman emperors from Nero in 54 AD to Diocletian in the early 4th century AD. It notes that after Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in 313 AD granting religious freedom to Christians, unscriptural changes began to emerge in church practices and governance.
Christianity originated from Judaism in the 1st century AD. Jesus began teaching in 27AD and his life and teachings are recorded in the Gospels. He emphasized loving God and others. The Romans crucified Jesus but his followers believed he rose from the dead and was the Messiah. Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire despite periods of persecution. It was eventually adopted by the Roman Emperor Constantine in the 4th century AD and became the official religion, with the Church of Rome gaining influence.
The document discusses the religious and political landscape in Europe on the eve of the Protestant Reformation in the 15th-16th centuries. It touches on topics like the consolidation of nation states, Renaissance humanism, economic expansion, anti-clericalism, and the crisis of Martin Luther that helped spark the Reformation. The Reformation led to the fracturing of religious unity in Europe and the emergence of religion mapping onto political boundaries.
The Protestant Reformation began in 15th century Europe as a reaction against corrupt practices in the Catholic Church. Martin Luther protested the sale of indulgences in 1517 with his 95 Theses. This sparked the Reformation and divided Western Christianity between Protestant and Catholic denominations. Luther's theology emphasized salvation by faith alone rather than works. His refusal to recant at the Diet of Worms in 1521 had wide religious, political, and intellectual impacts that transformed Europe.
Chapter7 the counter reformation & the rise of the jesuit orderAntonio Bernard
(1) The Counter Reformation was the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation.
(2) One of the main elements of the Counter Reformation was the founding of the Jesuit order in 1540 by Ignatius Loyola to combat the spread of Protestantism. The Jesuits were devoted to restoring Catholicism and used deception, espionage, education and other means to undermine Protestantism.
(3) The Jesuits rapidly spread across Europe and wherever they went, Catholicism was revived, showing the powerful force they were against the Protestant movement.
The document provides an overview of the Protestant Reformation that began in the 16th century. It discusses key figures like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and early reformers. Luther was concerned with issues like indulgences and the selling of salvation. He argued that salvation comes through faith alone, not works, and that the Bible was the sole religious authority. Calvin established a theology based on predestination and established the Reformed tradition. The Reformation challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and led to divisions between Protestantism and Catholicism.
The document provides an overview of the causes and key events of the Protestant Reformation. It discusses corruption in the Catholic Church, the impact of Renaissance humanism, influential religious reformers like Wycliffe and Huss, and resentment from secular rulers over papal power. It then focuses on Martin Luther and his 95 Theses opposing indulgences in 1517, which helped spark the Reformation. Other reformers like Zwingli and Calvin established new Protestant doctrines and sects. The spread of Lutheranism and religious wars in Germany are also summarized.
The Puritans originated in England as a radical offshoot of Protestants who believed the Church of England retained too much Catholic influence. They emphasized conversion, introspection, and sharing one's experience. Puritans emigrated to Massachusetts to separate from the corrupt Church of England and establish pure religious communities. The first were Pilgrims who arrived on the Mayflower in 1620 and founded Plymouth Colony. Their hard work and cooperation helped them survive the difficult first winter. Later Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony with the goal of creating a religious theocracy free from ties to Britain. Puritan values like hard work, frugality and self-reliance had a lasting impact and are still considered basic American virtues today
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe between 1450-1600 CE. It summarizes:
1) The Renaissance sparked a rebirth of interest in classical Greek and Roman culture and ideas of humanism and secularism. Writers and artists sought to recover ancient knowledge.
2) The growth of powerful city-states in Italy, dominated by merchants, with Florence and Venice becoming centers of banking, trade and art.
3) Key figures that shaped the period including Machiavelli who analyzed power politics in The Prince and Erasmus who used satire to critique the Catholic Church and push for education reform.
4) The Protestant Reformation began as Martin Luther publicly
Turning Point 5: The Coronation of Charlemagne (800)sandiferb
The coronation of Charlemagne markes on the decisive turning points in Church History as a symbol of the beginning of Christendom, a complex society that prevailed in medieval Europe for almost 800 years.
Session Three_ The Great Schism Rome vs Constantinople.pdfBob King
The Great Schism between the Catholic Church in Rome and Eastern Orthodox Church in Constantinople occurred in 1054 due to various theological and political disputes. Key issues included whether the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father alone or the Father and Son, the authority of the Pope versus patriarchs, and the use of icons. Excommunications were exchanged between Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius, formally dividing the churches. While reunification efforts continue, theological and structural differences remain unresolved.
The document provides an overview of key economic, social, religious, and intellectual developments in Europe during the late medieval period. It discusses the transition from feudalism to capitalism, including the rise of trade, banking, and the merchant class. Religiously, it examines the growing power and corruption of the Catholic Church hierarchy and the development of concepts like sacramentalism. Intellectually, it outlines the impact of humanist thinkers like Erasmus who emphasized scripture and a relationship with God, as well as nominalism as an influential philosophical system.
This document provides an overview of the Age of Enlightenment. It discusses key thinkers like Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau who questioned traditional institutions and promoted rational thinking. It describes the scientific advances and philosophical views of the time, including deism, rational religion, and using reason rather than scripture to understand the world. The document also examines the characteristics of Enlightenment thought such as rationalism, secularism, freedom of thought, and optimism about social progress.
World Civ I Study GuideIDEAS & PERSONSSt. Augustine· A Mani.docxericbrooks84875
World Civ I Study Guide
IDEAS & PERSONS:
St. Augustine
· A Manichean before he converted to Christianity
· Bishop of Hippo (Early Neo-Platonism)
· Doctrine of original Sin
· Confessions – Christians biography (on desire)
Early Christianity & Creeds
· The spread of Christianity was prepared by Hellenization.
· There were many different beliefs during the first Christian centuries.
Judaism of Jesus’ day
Neo-Platonism
· Manicheism
· Founded by Mani
· Semi gnostic – dualists (light – God, and darkness – matter)
· Support celibacy
· Plotinus
· The One (the God)
· Godliness emanating power as the sun – emanates light
· The Spirit – looks up to the One, which is an image, and down toward other thing
· The Soul – look up and contemplate
Gregory of the Great
· Promotes ascetism (self discipline)
Byzantium Empire
· First Christian State
· Shares much with the old roman empire (legal system)
· Justinian (living bridge) (posses enormous spiritual power) (pagan temple torn down to built an enormous church)
· Eastern orthodoxy (patriarch of constent noble)broke away from the roman catholic church
Justinian I
Ashoka
· United all of northern India into a single empire.
· He is honored for what he did after the victory over the Kalngsas. Converted to Buddhism and renounced warfare. He sent out ministers of dharma to administer the kingdom.
Hinduism
· Divinely endowed kingship were most useful to kings and Kshatriyas throughout South Asia.
Buddha & Buddhism
· Preferred the quiet and direct dharma of monasteries to the messiness of politics.
· Embraced poverty and was oddly a route to general prosperity.
Muhammad & Islam
· Islamic community led by caliphs (sucessors)
· Arab language unifies Muslims
· See note
Abbasids (Classic Islamic Civilazation)
· Banu Abbas defeats Umayyads
· With the help of the Prophet’s descendants and Persian Muslims
· Baghdad-cultural center of Islamic world
· Cosmopolitan age
· “house of wisdom”
Avicenna
· The book of healing
· Ontology as foundation of theology
· The Oriental Philosophy
· Source of school of illumination
Averroes
· The Commentator
· The incoherence of the Incoherent
· Combines Aristotle & Islam
Sufism
· Mystic understanding of footsteps of the Prophet & Ali
· Monotheistic basis (Arise from God)
· Transformation of the soul (see reality clearly – illumination)
· Use of music ritual
Christian Mystics
· St Francis Assisi
· Vow of poverty
· Tried to convert the sultan
· Received the stigmata
· Meister Eckhart
· Vernacular sermins
· Neoplatic, apophatic thought with mysticism
Mongol Invasions
· Temujin-Genghis Khan (1162-1227):
· Unified Mongols
· Northern China/Central Asia invasions
· Trade routes: “Pax Mongolica”
· Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
· Over territory in France (devastated France)
· National identity of England & France
Plague
· Black death
· About 1/3 population of the entire population of Europe
· Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
Crusades
· See note
Scholasticism & Aquinas
· See notes
Dante .
1. The document discusses several major historical turning points that had significant impacts and led to changes, including the Neolithic Revolution, the fall of the Roman Empire, the Crusades, the Printing Press, the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Age of Exploration, the Scientific Revolution, the Age of Enlightenment, the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, the Meiji Restoration, World War I, and more.
2. Many of these events involved new technologies, religious or political ideologies, or economic and social conditions that challenged the existing order and led societies to develop in new directions.
3. The impacts often included increased trade and exchange of ideas, the rise of new social classes and power
The document provides information on the growth of Italian city-states during the Renaissance period from 1450-1600. Key developments included increased trade and navigation, specialized merchant skills in cities like Florence and Venice, and the rise of ruling families like the Medicis in Florence. It also discusses the political philosopher Machiavelli and his views on power, as well as the Christian humanist movement in northern Europe exemplified by figures like Erasmus and Thomas More who applied scholarly techniques to religious texts and criticized aspects of church and society. The Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther is also summarized, including his 95 Theses challenging church practices like indulgences and his beliefs in salvation by faith alone and the authority of the Bible.
Irish monasticism in the 5th century helped convert many Irish to Christianity through the work of Palladius and Patrick. Monasteries served as local political units. In the 6th century, Irish missionaries like Columbanus spread monasticism to Gaul. Benedict designed a structured monastic rule that grew throughout Europe. Pope Gregory the Great organized the Church and sent missionaries like Augustine to Britain. In the 8th century, Boniface consolidated the relationship between the Papacy and Franks while converting Germanic peoples. This led to the Carolingian Renaissance under Charlemagne in the 9th century. However, new invasions threatened Europe in the 10th-11th centuries.
The document outlines four key movements in the Christ event - Advent, Passion, Restoration, and Exaltation - that provide a framework for understanding the form and nature of the Church according to Scripture. It argues that the Church is authorized by the Holy Spirit to represent and participate in these four movements: 1) as a gathering community, 2) as a suffering community, 3) in restoring creation, and 4) in speaking God's words. When the Church loses sight of being rooted in Christ's kingship through these four movements, it risks being ruled by other powers instead of by Christ.
The document provides an overview of the rise of democracy from ancient Greece and Rome through the American Revolution. It discusses the key influences and developments along the way, including the legacy of Athens' direct democracy; the Roman republic; the Magna Carta limiting monarchal power; the Enlightenment period promoting reason and individual rights; and the American Revolution establishing a representative democracy with separation of powers based on enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu and others.
The document summarizes various religious and social reform movements that occurred in the United States during the antebellum period, known as the Second Great Awakening. It discusses the rise of revivalism and popular religion through figures like Charles Finney. It also outlines the formation of new religious denominations like the Mormons and Shakers. Additionally, it examines the rise of transcendentalism and utopian communities. Finally, it analyzes various reform efforts including temperance, women's rights, abolitionism, education reform, and penal reform led by figures such as Dorothea Dix and Horace Mann.
Part 2 of 4 lessons History of Christian Church
by Richard. C Close
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Religion and politics were closely intertwined in Europe between 1500-1660. This period saw major religious conflicts, including the Thirty Years' War between Protestants and Catholics. Religious toleration gradually increased over the 17th century, mainly for political reasons to reduce conflict. The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment challenged religious authority and led some to abandon Christianity, seeing the Church as an enemy of progress. However, traditional religion remained vital for many people.
Similar to A Theory & Practice of the Crusades & the Inquisition (20)
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2. Cliches
“Sounds great in theory ...”
“The test of the pudding is in the tasting ...”
Integral to Understanding History
Many first attempts were embarked -- & many
successfully – because there were theories
Many good working theories were debunked
Apologies Over History
3. Not to take sides for or against Catholics
To understand the theory & practice of two
interesting historical genres
Mental Models
Practice & Results
Connect the Dots
To share lessons of history
To engage
4. • Military campaign of a religious nature
– Union of all states under Papal direction
• Official term in the 11th Century
– Crusader = soldier of the Church
• Came in Waves: Officially Eight; More than Ten
• Other Perspectives Then: Western Barbarism
– Islamic: Jihad as Just Response
– Orthodox Church: Victims
– Oriental: News
5. Originated from the Catholic Church
The system in the judgment of heresy
Ecclesiastical tribunal or institution
Relating to the body of knowledge of Divine
Revelation & Salvation
At least Four Movements
6. Prior Peace, Intellectual Exchange, Thriving
Trade & a Growing Pilgrimage
Pilgrims, scholars & traders were free to come & go
to the Middle East
Pope Urban II & the Turkish Threat in 1106 CE
Byzantine Emperor’s S.O.S.
Peter the Hermit’s Vision
Safety of Pilgrims
7. Personal Level: Why Be a Crusader?
Chivalry/Service/Knighthood
Salvation of Self & of Others (Loved Ones)
Booty & Plunder
Social Level
Return the Holy Land to the Rightful Hands
Protect the Rights & Well Being of Pilgrims
Economic Competition
15. Inquisition means, at it's simplest, inquiry.
Heretic comes from αιρεσις = choice
Choose God or the Devil
If you’re not with us ...
Defence vs. Enemies of the Faith & the State
Use of All Means Necessary for Saving Souls
(the faithful & the faith-less) & the State
16. Crush the Foes Within
Promote the Faith, Convert a Pagan, Catch a Witch
Inquisitor Immunity from Prosecution
All Means Necessary
Fear, Intimidation, GBH
Befriend, bully, buy, threaten, torture, kill
Strengthen the State
Recruit Crusaders from Patriots & Disadvantaged
Full Ceremonial Favors
17. Pope Gregory IX, 1235
Carried out by Dominicans & Franciscans
Torture Legitimized by Pope Innocent IV, 1242
Targets:
Started with “relapsed” Jews & pagans
Cathars, the Spiritual Franciscans and Waldesians,
all genuine schismatic reform movements
all involved the denouncement and substitution of
the established church hierarchy
18. Hierarchy
Pope – Grand Inquisitor – Local Inquisitor
No military force necessary
Partnership with the State
Carrot: Rewards of the Crusades
Stick: Mass Excommunication & Invasion
Division of Labor/Cleaning of Hands
Church Manages the Process
State Carries Out the Sentence
19. Knights Templar (f. 1096CE, Papal endorsed,
1129CE), security forces for pilgrims
Became a favoured & wealthy order – probably
the earliest MNCs -- until ...
King Philip IV was deeply, financially indebted &
pressed Pope Clement V to act in
13/10/1307CE
20. Weakened by the Growing Strength of Ottoman
Turks
Charges: corruption, Satanism & “ritualised
homosexuality”
Arrested, tortured, burned at the stake &
properties seized & Philip’s debt cancelled
Officially Dissolved 1312 & residual accounted
wealth turned over to St. John’s Ambulance
GM Jacques De Molay executed 1314
23. IBERIAN ROMAN
Expansion & Conquest Counter-Reformation:
by Spain & Portugal Blasphemy & Heresy
Moors of Granada Death Paeans of a
“Relapsed” Jews Theocracy
Natives of Africa & the Politically Manipulated
New World (Slavery) Manipulator
Muslims & Hindu Natives Positive Backlash of
of Asia Exposing the Church’s
Political & Intellectual
Morass in contrast to the
Enlightenment & Italian
Nationalism
24. Consejo de la Suprema y General Inquisicion
Headed by Tomas de Torquemada (1420-1498)
Sanctioned but not Supervised by Pope Sixtus IV
Permission granted to the Royal Spanish Couple
Implicitly Allowed the Portuguese to Emulate
Because It Was an Equal World Power
Relapsed Jews
Colonies of South America & Asia
25. Galileo Galilei
Ban (1633) on Dialogue Concerning Two Chief
World Systems & Heliocentric Works
Relaxed in 1741 & removed in 1844
Cleared by Pope John Paul II (1994)
Jesuit Expulsion Edicts
1750: The Guarani Wars
1814: Pope Pius XVII
26. EUROPEAN IN-FIGHTING PRE & POST WORLD WARS
Spain vs. England vs. The Zionist Movement
Netherlands Revival of the Demonization
Reformation & Counter- of Islam after the Fall of the
reformation Ottoman Empire
Territory: intra & extra Europe Dividing the Colonial &
First World-Third World Arabian Spoils of Land & Oil
War on Terror
27. POLITICAL CATHOLIC
Reformation Pope Paul III (1908):
Salem Witch Hunts Congregation of the Holy
Holocaust Office of the Inquisition
WWII Asian Quarantine
Second Vatican Council
(1965): Holy Congregation of
Stalinist/Maoist/Pol Pot the Doctrine of the Faith
Ideological Purges
Passive Ignoring &
Politico-religious Economic Marginalizing Dissent but
Fundamentalism Intimidating the Faithful
28. Content: Words vs. Actions
Premeditated & Random Acts of Violence
Misappropriation & Abuse of Authority
Sincerity: Not Measurable but Actionable
Acceptable: To Whom, For Whom, By Whom?
Precedents? Best Practices?
Renunciation of Japanese Emperor’s Divinity
Participatory Democracy, a Bottom-Up Church
Greater Involvement & Responsibility of the Laity
30. SOCIAL REFORMERS’ CREED IMPARTIALIST’S CREED
If You Can’t Change the Don’t Make the Existence of
World, Don’t Worry ... the God as a
No One Really Has Changed Compassionate, Kind, Loving
the World. Parent the Issue.
Be the Change You Want to Strive to Be That Parent or
See in the World Become that God
31. If I have annoyed anyone,
please feel free to annoy me back.