World Civ I Study Guide IDEAS & PERSONS: St. Augustine · A Manichean before he converted to Christianity · Bishop of Hippo (Early Neo-Platonism) · Doctrine of original Sin · Confessions – Christians biography (on desire) Early Christianity & Creeds · The spread of Christianity was prepared by Hellenization. · There were many different beliefs during the first Christian centuries. Judaism of Jesus’ day Neo-Platonism · Manicheism · Founded by Mani · Semi gnostic – dualists (light – God, and darkness – matter) · Support celibacy · Plotinus · The One (the God) · Godliness emanating power as the sun – emanates light · The Spirit – looks up to the One, which is an image, and down toward other thing · The Soul – look up and contemplate Gregory of the Great · Promotes ascetism (self discipline) Byzantium Empire · First Christian State · Shares much with the old roman empire (legal system) · Justinian (living bridge) (posses enormous spiritual power) (pagan temple torn down to built an enormous church) · Eastern orthodoxy (patriarch of constent noble)broke away from the roman catholic church Justinian I Ashoka · United all of northern India into a single empire. · He is honored for what he did after the victory over the Kalngsas. Converted to Buddhism and renounced warfare. He sent out ministers of dharma to administer the kingdom. Hinduism · Divinely endowed kingship were most useful to kings and Kshatriyas throughout South Asia. Buddha & Buddhism · Preferred the quiet and direct dharma of monasteries to the messiness of politics. · Embraced poverty and was oddly a route to general prosperity. Muhammad & Islam · Islamic community led by caliphs (sucessors) · Arab language unifies Muslims · See note Abbasids (Classic Islamic Civilazation) · Banu Abbas defeats Umayyads · With the help of the Prophet’s descendants and Persian Muslims · Baghdad-cultural center of Islamic world · Cosmopolitan age · “house of wisdom” Avicenna · The book of healing · Ontology as foundation of theology · The Oriental Philosophy · Source of school of illumination Averroes · The Commentator · The incoherence of the Incoherent · Combines Aristotle & Islam Sufism · Mystic understanding of footsteps of the Prophet & Ali · Monotheistic basis (Arise from God) · Transformation of the soul (see reality clearly – illumination) · Use of music ritual Christian Mystics · St Francis Assisi · Vow of poverty · Tried to convert the sultan · Received the stigmata · Meister Eckhart · Vernacular sermins · Neoplatic, apophatic thought with mysticism Mongol Invasions · Temujin-Genghis Khan (1162-1227): · Unified Mongols · Northern China/Central Asia invasions · Trade routes: “Pax Mongolica” · Hundred Years War (1337-1453) · Over territory in France (devastated France) · National identity of England & France Plague · Black death · About 1/3 population of the entire population of Europe · Hundred Years War (1337-1453) Crusades · See note Scholasticism & Aquinas · See notes Dante .