This document presents the results of a survey study examining the symptoms of AIDS from an Ayurvedic perspective, with reference to Charaka Samhita. 100 HIV-positive patients were surveyed about 11 symptoms of Rajayakshma and 8 symptoms of Ojakshaya described in Charaka Samhita. The results found that 69% of patients exhibited 8-11 Rajayakshma symptoms, while 92% exhibited 7-8 Ojakshaya symptoms. This suggests that AIDS correlates more strongly with the description of Ojakshaya in Charaka Samhita. The study concludes that AIDS can be understood in Ayurveda as a manifestation of both Rajayakshma and Oj

1. DR D.Y PATIL COLLEGE OF AYURVED AND RESEARCH CENTRE ,
PIMPRI –PUNE 12
DEPARTMENT OF
AYURVED
SAMHITA & SIDDHANTA
// SHRI//

2. -TITLE-
“A SURVEY STUDY OF SYMPTOMS OF AIDS WITH AYURVEDIC
PERSPECTIVE
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHARAK SAMHITA”
Under Guidance of
Dr.Shital R Rasane
By
Dr.Saurabh B. Kadam
H.O.D.
Dr. Mrudula V. Joshi

3. INTRODUCTION

4. • A.I.D.S. one of the major health problems encompassing the whole world.
• At this time, there is No Treatment for cure A.I.D.S. in modern medical science.
• In Ayurveda, A.I.D.S. is not described as disease itself.
But it can be studied by doing survey of patients suffering from A.I.D.S.
• It would also help to identify exact Dosha Dushya Samurchana and Samprapti
along with occurrence of symptoms.

5. All other medical sciences identify new diseases every year. But at
similar junctures, Ayurveda views and responds to it on the basis of
the changes in signs, symptoms and corresponding change in
samprapti. Dosha Dushya Sammurchana is used for the treatments
of various diseases at different Vyadhi Avastha in Ayurveda
Today, we cannot exactly identify A.I.D.S. according to Ayurveda. By
some Ayurvedic Vaidya, A.I.D.S. correlates to ‘Rajayakshma
(Shosha)’, some correlates to ‘Ojakshaya’, or some correlates with
both above. There is confusion that, “What is A.I.D.S. according to
Ayurvedic Perspective?’’

6. • Previous study on A.I.D.S. done on the basis of
treatment or drugs,
but there were no any detail previous study of A.I.D.S.
on the basis of
Ayurvedic perspective correlative with Rajayakshama
and Ojakshaya.
This again is going to help the treatment aspect of
A.I.D.S

7. Hypothesis:
• H0: A.I.D.S. does not correlate with either Rajayakshma or
Ojakshaya.
• H1: A.I.D.S. Correlate to Rajayakshma.
• H2: A.I.D.S. Correlate to Ojakshaya.
• H3: A.I.D.S. Correlate to both Rajayakshma and Ojakshaya.

8. AIM & OBJECTIVES

9. Aim:
To Study the Symptoms of H.I.V. positive
patient’s according to Ayurvedic
Perspective with special reference to
Charak Samhita.

10. Objectives:
• Assess the correlation of Rajayakshama symptoms described in
Charak Samhita and symptoms seen in H.I.V. positive patient.
• Assess the correlation of Ojakshaya symptoms described in
Charak Samhita and symptoms seen in H.I.V. positive patient.
• Compilation of all references about H.I.V. and A.I.D.S. from various
books of modern science and internet data.

11. •Study of symptoms of A.I.D.S. as per Ayurvedic
perspective.
•Compilation of all references about Rajayakshma from
Charak Samhita.
•Compilation of all reference about Ojas and Ojakshaya
from Charak Samhita.
•Correlation study of Rajayakshma and Ojakshaya
Symptoms described in Charak Samhita with symptoms
shown in H.I.V. Positive Patients with the help of
questionnaire done for survey study.

12. MATERIALS AND METHODS
MATERIALS
The complete study is done in two phases:
• Literary Study
• Survey Study

13. Literary Study
• Literature of H.I.V. and A.I.D.S. is compiled from Medicines
books of Modern Medical science and new researches from
internet.
• Literature of Rajayakshma and Ojakshaya from Charak
Samhita, its Commentary and Associated Texts.

14. Survey Study
• Questionnaire is prepared to assess the presence symptoms of
Rajayakshma & Ojakshaya in H.I.V. positive patient and to find
out Ayurvedic perspective of A.I.D.S.
• Survey is done using questionnaire which includes following
points :
• Symptoms of Rajayakshma
• Symptoms of Ojakshaya
• Patient for surveys are approached in about 14th H.I.V. Positive
Patient’s Child Care Centres.
• Sample Size – 100 Individuals are considered for this Survey
study.

15. METHODS
•Questionnaires are filled by collecting inputs from the H.I.V.
positive patients which includes a consent form duly signed
by them.
•Data is collected from the Questionnaire provided by the
H.I.V. positive patients from whom Observations are drawn.
•Statistical analysis of collected data is done and results
observed are used for the final Conclusion.

16. CRITERIA OF ASSESSMENT
Inclusion Criteria:
• Already diagnosed Patients of H.I.V. antibody test positive minimum 2
year Ago.
• Age group of 25 - 50 years irrespective of sex, religion, economic &
marital status.
Exclusion Criteria:
• Age below 25 years and above 50 years.
• Patients which are not suffering from A.I.D.S. or not H.I.V. antibody test
positive.
• Patients having H.I.V. antibody test positive but not willing to this survey.

17. STUDY DESIGN

18. LITERARY STUDY
Compilation of data of AIDS from Medicine books of
Modern Medical science.
Compilation of data of Rajayakshma and Ojakshaya from
Charak Samhita, its Commentary and Associated Texts
Interpretation of data

19. OBSERVATION DATA
Preparation of survey questionnaire for H.I.V. Positive Patient with informed
written consent
Selection of Patients for the Survey Study
Comparative Study of Symptoms shown in H.I.V. Positive Patients with
Rajayakshma and Ojakshaya Symptoms according to Questionnaire

20. Collection of Data and Categorization
Assessment
Discussion
Conclusion
Summary

21. A.I.D.S. - AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE

22. Dosha Avastha and Nidanapachaka of A.I.D.S.
1. Hetu:
•Pradhan hetu:
Pradnyapardha
- By Patient
- By Docter
•Nimitta hetu:
H.I.V.

23. 2. Purvaroopa:
Jwara, Shaitya, Shirashul, Daurbalya, Klama,
Gandamala, Sthanika Shotha etc. symptoms in
the first stage of infection

24. 3. Roopa:
• Agnimandya, Aruchi
• Gurugatrata
• Angamarda, Shiroshula
• Jirna Jwara
• Santap, Daha, Kandu,Toda
• Kasa-Shwasa-Chardi-Atisara
• Klama, Daurbalya, Alpavyadhikshamatwa
• Varnahani symptoms like vayaviya chaya
• Bhrama- Tandra-Glani-Murchchha
• Mrityu

25. •Symptoms are not same at every time
because of Prakruti etc. Dashabhav,
Strotovaigunya and Doshavastha of Vyadhi
are different in every patient.

26. Samprapti :
Hetu Sevan
Tridosha Prakopa
Purvaroopa
Tridosha more aggravated (Prakopit) due to
Hetu or H.I.V. in patient

27. aggravated Tridosha produce Ama,
Agnimandya, Dhatwagnimandya
Strotasavarodha and Strotodushti
Dhatukshaya
Alpa Vyadhi Kshamatwa, Daurbalya
Body affects with various Vaydhi
• A.I.D.S.

28. UPASHAYA:
•Saptadhatu Vardhak Aahar – Vihara –
Chikitsa.
•Following Swathawritta
•Rasaayana sevana
•Brahmacharya
•Sattvic lifestyle
•Ojavardhak chikitsa etc.

29. ANUPSHAYA:
•Improper and unhealthy Aahar-Vihar
like vishamashana
•Shrama-kashta i.e. heavy work mentally,
physically
•Not Following Swathawritta
• Vegavarodha etc. Rajayakshma hetus.

30. Sadhyasadhyatwa:
•Prathamavastha i.e early symptoms of H.I.V. :
Yapya
•Gambhiravastha i.e. Advance stage of H.I.V./
A.I.D.S. : Asadhya

31. CORRELATION
According to Ayurveda, the A.I.D.S. disease
may be correlated with
‘Rajayakshma (Kshaya)’ and 'Ojakshaya‘
i.e. clusters of diseases.

32. Some common things we seen in AIDS and
Rajayakshma are,
• Both have clusters of diseases and Symptoms.
• Both are related to Vyadhikshamatwa (immune deficiency)
• Shosha of Rasadhi Sapta dhatu seen in both
• Opportunistic infection seen in both
• Physical and mental activity in both diseases seen low.
• Treatment of both is same as improve immune and Saptadhatu
Vardhaka Chikitsa.

33. Symptoms of Rajayakshma H.I.V./A.I.D.S. Symptoms which can correlate to or
Include in symptoms of Rajayakshama
Kasa Chronic cough with expectorant, pneumonia,
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Recurrence of URTI & LRIT
Amsaabhitapa Burning sense in shoulder and scapula
Svarabheda Verbal Croakiness, Rashes, sores or lesions in the
mouth or nose, Trouble swallowing, Recurrence of
URTI & LRIT
Jirna Jwara Recurring fever, chills , and night sweats
Parshvashoola Joint pain and Muscle aches
Shiroruja Severe headache

34. Symptoms of Rajayakshma H.I.V./A.I.D.S. Symptoms which can correlate to or
Include in symptoms of Rajayakshama
Rudhirachardi in advance stage- vomiting with blood
Kaphavaman Nausea and Vomiting
Chronic cough with expectorant
Shvasa shortness of breath
Varchabheda Persistent diarrhea
Aruchi tastlessness

35. • Early Symptoms of H.I.V. can correlate to
Trirup and shadrup Rajayakshma
And advanced symptoms of HIV/AIDS can correlate to
Ekadashrup Rajayakshma.
• A.I.D.S. is characterized as an end stage
Opportunistic infection with all three doshas vitiated.
• We are observing symptoms of different diseases or different
opportunistic infection in A.I.D.S. patients.
So, A.I.D.S. can be also called as, “King of Diseases”.

36. Some common things we seen in A.I.D.S. and
Ojakshaya are,
• Both have clusters of diseases and Symptoms.
• Both are related to immune deficiency
• Manovahastrotas Dushti seen in both
• Rasa Dhatu Kshaya seen in both
• Opportunistic infection seen in both
• Physical and mental activity in both diseases observed low.
• Treatment of both is same as improve immune and Sapta
Dhatuvardhak Chikitsa.

37. Symptoms of Ojakshaya H.I.V./A.I.D.S. Symptoms which can correlate to or
Include in symptoms of Ojakshaya
Bibheti
Abhikshna-Dhyayati
Durmana
The thing A.I.D.S. or H.I.V. infection is socially not
accepted due to Transmission way of H.I.V. so,
patients having fear to expose themselves in front of
society. The person becomes fretful, fear complex,
repeatedly worries without any reason, feels
discomfort, Loss of confidence, develops bad
complexion, negative thoughts.
In the later stages of A.I.D.S.:
Short-term memory loss
Neurological disorders
Mental confusion
Coma

38. Symptoms of
Ojakshaya
H.I.V./A.I.D.S. Symptoms which can correlate to or Include in
symptoms of Ojakshaya
Daurbalya
Vyathita Indriya
Rooksha
Kshaama
Dushchaya
Recurrence of URTI & LRIT Recurring fever, chills, and night sweats,
Nausea and Vomiting due to etc opportunistic infection patient feels
sever weakness and show following symptoms,
:Joint pain and Muscle aches, Burning sense in shoulder and scapula
: Verbal Croakiness, Rashes, sores, or lesions in the mouth or nose,
Trouble swallowing, Chronic cough with expectorant, Severe headache,
Tinnitus etc.
: Dryness to skin, eye, mouth, stool.
Itching eye-skin etc
: Weight loss, weakness etc.
: loss of complexion

39. •Bhutopaghata:
Bhutopaghata is one of the cause of Ojakshay that
means Assault by evil spirits; micro organisms like
bacteria, virus etc.
•Causes of Ojakshaya are also Predisposes A.I.D.S. in
H.I.V. Infection.

40. OBSERVATION & RESULTS

41. Observation
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
25-30
YRS
30-35
YRS
35-40
YRS
40-45
YRS
45-50
YRS
NO. OF PATIENTS 7 31 36 14 12
NO.OFPATIENTS
AGE WISE DISTRIBUTION OF PATIENTS

42. MALE
19%
FEMALE
81%
GENDERWISE DISTRIBUTION OF PATIENTS

43. 53%
47%
Patients Distribution According to Duration
from H.I.V. Antibody Test Positive (in year)
2 to 10 years Above 10 years

44. 97%
3%
ART Treatment wise Distribution Of Patients
ON MEDICATION NOT ON MEDICATION

45. OBSERVED SYMPTOMS
N0. OF PATIENT HAVING
SYMPTOMS
N0. OF PATIENT NOT HAVING
SYMPTOMS
Kasa 60 40
Ansatapa 100 0
Swarabheda 94 6
Jwara 100 0
Parshwashul 100 0
Sirshula 99 1
Raktasthivan 12 88
Raktawaman 4 96
Shwas 87 13
Atisara 51 49
Aruchi 96 4

46. No. of Rajayakshma
Symptoms Observed in
Patient
Number of
patients
1 to 4 1
5 to 7 30
8 to 11 69
Total No. of Patient 100

47. 1%
30%
69%
Distribution according total No. of
Rajayakshma Symptoms
1 - 4
5 -7
8 - 11

48. •Out of 11 symptoms of Rajayakshma,1 to 4 symptoms
are found only in 1 patient among 100 of sample size i.e.
1%
•30% patients were affected with 5 to 7 symptoms of
Rajayakshma.
•69% patients of H.I.V. are found with 8 to 11 symptoms
of Rajayakshma. Last category of patients i.e. 8 to 11
symptoms are observed Advance stage of H.I.V. (i.e.
A.I.D.S.)

49. OBSERVED SYMPTOMS
N0. OF PATIENT HAVING
SYMPTOMS
N0. OF PATIENT NOT HAVING
SYMPTOMS
Bibheti 96 4
Durbala 99 1
Abhikshana - Dhyayati 87 13
Vyathithendriya 97 3
Dushchchhayo 100 0
Durmana 97 3
Rukshata 97 3
Krushata 98 2

50. Ojakshaya
Symptoms Seen in
Patient
Number of patients
0-4 1
5-6 7
7-8 92
Total No. of Patient 100

51. 1%
7%
92%
Distribution according total No. of Ojakshaya
Symptoms
0-4
5-6
7-8

52. Out of 8 symptoms of Ojakshaya,
•Up to 4 symptoms are found in only 1
patient i.e. 1%
•5 to 6 symptoms are covered by 7 % of
whole.
•At the end 92% of whole populations
selected are found 7 to 8 symptoms.

53. Symptoms Category Rajayakshma Ojakshya
Largest symptoms
category 69% 92%
Second Largest
symptoms category 30% 7%
Smallest symptoms
category 1% 1%

54. CONCLUSION

55. •This data conclude that, A.I.D.S. is more near with
Ojakshaya rather than Rajayakshma. But we can’t ignore
69% Rajayakshama symptoms relation with A.I.D.S. This
is observed all 11 symptoms of Rajayakshma in patient of
Advance stage H.I.V. infection.
•So, This survey Study goes to hypothesis H3
i.e. A.I.D.S. Correlate to both Rajayakshma and
Ojakshaya.

56. •Due to ART medication, Some Symptoms of
Rajayakshama are Suppressed likes Chardi and
Aruchi. Every patient takes Antiemetic Drug with
ART medication. So this symptom had not observed
clearly yet.
•Due to ART medication, one of Symptom of
Ojakshaya is mentioned in samhita like Rukshata is
increased by ART. Which is side effect of some ART
medicines.

57. •If society and patient’s relatives give mentally and
physically support and confident, then patient can be at
least mentally stable .It also affects patient’s diet.
•After this observational study , we say that, “In This
Disease Patients Affect Mentally More than Physically”.

58. RECOMENDATION
• Ayurveda is best for the treatment covered on the
level of mentally, physically and socially too. This is
opportunity to fulfil definition of healthy person by
W.H.O.
• After this study we can go far treatment part of
A.I.D.S. Which will be Ojakshaya and Rajayaksham
treatment together.

59. Thank You…