A brief survey on wireless security . Looking in to Modern trends, Threats, and technical challenges

1. I E S College Of Engineering
Dept .Of Electronics And Communication Engineering
SEMINAR : A SURVEY ON WIRELESS SECURITY: TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
AND FUTURE TRENDS
Guided By : Ms.LINU BABU Presented By: SARATH K

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE SURVEY
OSI ARCHITECTURE
SECURITY VULNERIBILITIES
WIRELESS NETWORKS
UPCOMING TRENDS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
Wireless communication is a widely used technology nowadays.
The number of mobile subscribers has reached 6.8 billion worldwide and
almost 40% of the world’s population is now using the Internet.
Due to broadcast nature wireless communication is vulnerable to security
threats like Hacking , Eavesdropping , Malicious attacks etc…
It is of paramount importance to improve wireless communications security
to fight against cybercriminal activities

4. LITERATURE SURVEY
Wireless Communication Security Requirements :
AUTHENTICITY : Differentiate Authorized from unauthorized users
CONFIDENTIALITY : Limit confidential data access to intended users only
INTEGRITY : Guarantee accuracy of the transmitted info without falsification
AVAILABILITY : Make sure authorised user is able to acces the network
whenever needed

5. GENERIC WIRELESS OSI LAYERED ARCHITECTURE

6. OSI LAYERED ARCHITECTURE
Common for both wired and wireless communication systems
Each layer is separately protected using various mechanisms such as MAC
Address, WPA/WPA2,Cryptographic Keys etc…
Physical and MAC Layer differs for wireless communication
Each layer supports various protocols like HTTP,FTP,TCP,UDP etc…
Each layer is vulnerable to different type of attacks like Eaves dropping,
MAC spoofing, Malware attack ,Jamming etc…

7. SECURITY VULTERABILITIES
PHYSICAL LAYER ATTACKS
 The broadcast nature of wireless communications makes its physical layer
extremely vulnerable to external attacks
 Jamming (DoS Attack) and Eavesdropping are two main attacks considering
physical layer.
Typically cryptographic techniques relying on secret keys are adopted for
preventing eavesdropping attacks from intercepting the data transmission.
Spread spectrum techniques are effective means of defending against DoS
attacks by spreading the transmit signal over a wider spectral bandwidth than its
original frequency band (FHSS /DSSS)

8. MAC LAYER ATTACKS
Each network node is equipped with a NIC and has a unique MAC address,
which is used for user authentication
An attacker that attempts to change its assigned MAC address with a
malicious intention is termed as MAC spoofing
A MAC attacker may overhear the network traffic and steal a legitimate
node’s MAC address by analysing the overheard traffic is referred to as an
Identity-theft attack
MITM Attack is the impersonation of a pair of communicating nodes.

9. NETWORK LAYER ATTACKS
The network-layer attacks mainly aim for exploiting IP weaknesses
Main network layer attacks are IP Spoofing , IP Hijacking and Smurfing.
 Falsification of IP address is called IP Spoofing
Impersonation of legitimate users IP Address is IP Hijacking
Paralysation of a network by sending huge number of ICMP Requests is
called Smurf Attacking

10. TRANSPORT LAYER ATTACKS
Malicious activity in transport layer is mainly TCP and UDP Attacks.
TCP attacks include TCP flooding attacks and sequence number prediction
attacks is a DoS attack in the transport layer.
TCP Flooding is due to sending huge number of Ping requests.
UDP Flooding is due to launching over whelming number of UDP packets.

11. APPLICATION LAYER ATTACKS
The application layer supports HTTP for web services, FTP for file
transfer and SMTP for e-mail transmission.
application-layer attacks may hence be classified as HTTP attacks, FTP
attacks, and SMTP attacks
The main HTTP attacks include the malware attack (e.g., Trojan horse,
viruses, worms, backdoors, key loggers, etc.)

12. WIRELESS NETWORKS
BLUETOOTH
WIFI
WI-MAX
Long Term Evolution (LTE)

13. BLUETOOTH
Bluetooth is a short-range and low-power wireless networking standard
The authentication represents the process of verifying the identity of
Bluetooth devices based on the BD_ADDR
Both the verifier and claimant perform the same authentication function
using the random number AU RANDA
the link key to obtain their responses denoted by SRES’ and SRES

14. BLUETOOTH: WORKING

15. WIFI
The family of Wi-Fi networks mainly based on the IEEE 802.11
The most common security protocols in Wi-Fi are referred to as WEP and
WPA
The WEP protocol consists of two main parts, namely the authentication
part and encryption part. preventing unauthorized access without an
appropriate WEP key
The main advantage of WPA over WEP is that WPA employs more
powerful data encryption

16. WIFI

17. WI-MAX
Protocol stack of wimax defines 2 Layers. PHY Layer and MAC Layer

18. LONG TERM EVOLUTION
LTE is the most recent standard developed by the 3G partnership project for
next-generation mobile networks
Its also the dominant technology used for 4G and upcoming 5G Technology
An LTE network typically consists of an EPC and an E-UTRAN
The EPC comprises an MME, a serving gateway, a packet data network
gateway (PDN GW), and an HSS
The E-UTRAN includes a base station (also termed as eNodeB in LTE) and
several UE

19. LTE

20. UPCOMING TRENDS
This section presents a range of challenging open issues and future
directions for wireless security research
Mixed Attacks in Wireless Networks
Joint Optimization of Security, Reliability, and Throughput
Cross-Layer Wireless Security Design and Analysis
Physical-Layer Security for the Emerging 5G Systems

21. Mixed Attacks in Wireless Networks
Most of the physical-layer security research only addressed the
eavesdropping attacks
The joint consideration of different types of wireless attacks, such as
eavesdropping and DoS attacks
It will be of particularly importance to explore new techniques of jointly
defending against multiple types of wireless attacks, which may be termed
as Mixed wireless attacks

22. JOINT OPTIMISATION
Security, reliability, and throughput constitute the main driving factors for
the research and development of wireless networks
It is necessary to investigate the joint optimization of security, reliability,
and throughput
It helps maintaining secure, reliable, and high-rate wireless
communications, which is an open challenge to be solved in the future.

23. Cross-Layer Wireless Security
Presently, cross-layer-aided security design is in its infancy.
The goal of wireless cross-layer-aided security design is to enable efficient
information exchange among different protocol layers for the sake of
improving the level of wireless security with minimal network overhead
In Conventional OSI Each layer separately protected adding complexity
and latency
It will be of high interest to explore the benefits of cross-layer-aided
wireless security for added efficiency against multiple attacks.

24. Physical-Layer Security for the Emerging 5G Systems
Mobile traffic has substantially grown in recent years and it may soon
exceed the capacity of the operational fourth-generation (4G)
It is expected that a strict security requirement is desired for the 5G systems
Physical-layer security as a beneficial complement to conventional security
mechanisms will have a great potential in the context of 5G systems.
It is of high importance to explore the opportunities and challenges of
combining the physical-layer security techniques with 5G

25. CONCLUSION
Survey of the wireless security challenges and defence mechanisms
conceived for protecting the authenticity, confidentiality, integrity, and
availability of wireless transmissions against malicious attacks
Discussed modern and conventional threats and vulnerabilities faced in
wireless communication
Discussed about popular wireless communication methods and safety
measures
Discussed about modern wireless technologies and modern trends in
wireless security

26. REFERENCES
A Survey on Wireless Security: Technical Challenges, RecentAdvances, and Future
Trends by Yulong Zou, Senior Member IEEE, Jia Zhu, Xianbin Wang, Senior Member
IEEE, and Lajos Hanzo, Fellow IEEE
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C. Elliott, “Quantum cryptography,” IEEE Security Privacy, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 57–61, Apr.
2004.
G. Raju and R. Akbani, “Authentication in wireless networks,” in Proc. 40th
Annu.Hawaii Int. Conf. Syst. Sci.,Waikoloa, HI,USA,
W. Stalling, Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall, Jan. 2010.