The Advent of the digital age has led to a rise in different types of data with every passing day. In fact, it is expected that half of the total data used around the world will be on the cloud nowadays. This complex data needs to be stored, processed and analyzed for information gaining that can be used for several organizations. Cloud computing provides an appropriate platform for Software Defined Networking (SDN) in communicating and computing requirements of the latter. It makes cloud-based networking a viable research field in the current scenario. However, several issues addressed and risk needs to be mitigated in the L2 cloud server. Virtual networks and cloud federation being considered in the network virtualization over L3 cloud router. This research work explores the existing research challenges and discusses open issues for the security in cloud computing and its uses in the relevant field by means of a comparative analysis of L2 server L3 router based on SDN tools. Also, an analysis of such issues are discussed and summarized. Finally, the best tool identified for the use cloud security.

1. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Business Intelligents
Volume: 06 Issue: 02 December 2017 Page No.27-33
ISSN: 2278-2400
27
A Survey on the Security Issues of Software
Defined Networking Tool in Cloud Computing
S.Karthiga1
, T.Velmurugan2
1
Research Scholar, 2
Associate Professor
PG and Research Department of Computer Science, D. G. Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, Chennai-600106, India
E-Mail: 1
karthiga2191@gmail.com, 2
velmurugan_dgvc@yahoo.co.in,
Abstract: The Advent of the digital age has led to a rise
in different types of data with every passing day. In fact,
it is expected that half of the total data used around the
world will be on the cloud nowadays. This complex data
needs to be stored, processed and analyzed for
information gaining that can be used for several
organizations. Cloud computing provides an appropriate
platform for Software Defined Networking (SDN) in
communicating and computing requirements of the
latter. It makes cloud-based networking a viable
research field in the current scenario. However, several
issues addressed and risk needs to be mitigated in the L2
cloud server. Virtual networks and cloud federation
being considered in the network virtualization over L3
cloud router. This research work explores the existing
research challenges and discusses open issues for the
security in cloud computing and its uses in the relevant
field by means of a comparative analysis of L2 server
L3 router based on SDN tools. Also, an analysis of such
issues are discussed and summarized. Finally, the best
tool identified for the use cloud security.
Keywords: Software Defined Network, Cloud-Based
Networking, Cloud Security, Cloud Tools.
I. INTRODUCTION
Cloud computing is a model for enabling omnipresent,
self service, on-demand network access to a shared pool
of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks,
servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction.
Cloud computing is a specialized form of distributed
computing that introduces utilization models for
remotely provisioning scalable and measured
resources.The cloud model is composed of five essential
characteristics, three service models, and four
deployment models.
L. J. Zhang and Q. Zhou discussed its research paper
titled as ‘CCOA: Cloud Computing Open Architecture’
Cloud Computing provides surroundings for resource
sharing in application development platforms, and
business applications [1]. In the research paper titled as'
Cloud computing in academic institutions,' the term
Cloud Computing has been outlined in some ways by
analyst corporations, academics, business practitioners
and IT corporations [2]. Cloud computing system can be
divided into two sections: the front end and the back end
both sections are area unit connected with one another
through a network is discussed detail in the research
paper titled as ‘Cloud computing - Concepts,
architecture, and challenges by Y. Jadeja and K. Modi
[3].
Figure 1: Cloud computing
The architecture of Cloud Computing: The Physical
layer, the infrastructure layer, the platform layer and the
application layer, as indicated in figure 2.
Figure 2: Architecture of Cloud computing

2. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Business Intelligents
Volume: 06 Issue: 02 December 2017 Page No.27-33
ISSN: 2278-2400
28
B. Grobauer, T. Walloschek described all layers in its
paper titled as ‘Understanding cloud computing
vulnerabilities’. The Application layer: The application
layer comprises of the actual cloud provisions [4].Cloud
Computing has different service models such as
Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS), Platform as a
Service (PAAS), and Software as a Service (SAAS) are
discussed in the survey paper titled as ’ A survey on
security issues in service delivery models of cloud
computing’ [5]. In Characteristics of Cloud Computing
are discussed in the paper ‘The characteristics of cloud
computing’ [6]. The Xu Wang; Beizhan Wang; Jing
Huang talks about the technique used to resources it
needs to return cloud rather than visible entity [7].
Deployment of Cloud Computing: Clouds can
generally be deployed according to the owner of the
Cloud data centers. A Cloud atmosphere will comprise
either one Cloud or multiple Clouds are discussed in the
paper ‘Examining cloud computing adoption intention,
pricing mechanism, and deployment model’ [8] (see
figure 3).
Figure 3: Cloud Deployment model
In public cloud, users access to the services
victimization external interfaces which may be offered
by internet browsers via web. The users share a standard
cloud infrastructure are discussed by A. Li et al. [9]. In
the book titled as ‘Private Cloud Computing’ decribes
about private clouds operation is inside associate
organization's internal enterprise information center.
Non-public cloud is often compared to computer
network [10]. The Cloud Computing Security Alliance
are discussed by A. Marinos and G. Briscoe in its paper
[11].Hybrid cloud is a combination of two or more
clouds (private, community, or public) that remain
unique entities is detailed in the survey paper titled as
‘Emerging Hybrid Cloud Patterns’ [12].Cloud
computing offers several technical and economic
benefits are discussed in this paper.
The main goal of this article is to discuss the Cloud
Computing Network Security, which motivate research
on cloud-based networking. The Organization of this
paper is structured as follows. Section II describes the
basic ideas about Cloud Computing Networks. A
number of research works are taken and compared,
which are based on the concept of Cloud Computing
Security is carried out in Section III. Finally, Section IV
concludes the research work.
II. CLOUD COMPUTING NETWORKS
The novel concept of cloud computing allows for more
applications for internet users [13]. Cloud computing is
currently used many commodity nodes that can
cooperate to perform a specific service together is
proved in the research paper titled as ‘Understanding
cloud computing vulnerabilities’ [13,4]. In a book titled
as ‘The future of cloud computing’ is discussed detail
the concept of cloud computing environment, users can
access the operational capability faster with internet
application [14]. The computer systems have the high
stability to handle the service requests from many users
in the environment is discussed by I. Foster et al. in its
paper [15]. The advantage of cloud computing and
make each task to obtain the required resources in the
shortest time is an important topic is discussed in a
research paper titled as ‘Towards a load balancing in a
three-level cloud computing network’ [16][17].
A computer network starts with a Network Interface
Card (NIC) in the host, which is connected to a layer 2
(L2) network (Ethernet, WiFi, etc.) segments are
discussed in the research paper ‘Cloud Computing:
Issues and Challenges’ [18]. N. Santos discussed in its
research paper about L2/L3 networks, a single data
center may have several L2/L3 networks. Several data
centers may be interconnected via L2/L3 switches [19].
In ‘Secure virtualization for cloud computing’ described
network components NIC, L2 n/w, L2switch, L3 n/w,
L3 routers, data centers, and the Internet needs to be
virtualized [20]. H. Hiroaki et al. discussed in its paper
titled as’ Dynamic IP-VPN architecture for cloud
computing ‘ about the developments of mobile IP [21] .
In ‘The case for cloud computing' research paper
discussed a network connection spans multiple L2
networks via L3 routers [22].
Handel et al. discussed in its paper about the concept of
packet headers and their functions are arranged in an
orderly fashion according to the open-systems
interconnection (OSI) reference model [23].In ‘Physical
mechanism of current-free double layers’ discussed
about the physical layer, is concerned with the
transmission of a bit over a physical link [24]. J. Esler

3. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Business Intelligents
Volume: 06 Issue: 02 December 2017 Page No.27-33
ISSN: 2278-2400
29
described the data link layer, provides mechanisms for
the transfer of frames of data across a single physical
link frame [25]. R. Sherwood et al., discussed about
the network layer, it provides network-wide packet
delivery and switching functionality [26]. J. Salowey et
al. discussed about the transport layer, can provide
mechanisms for end-to-end delivery of packets [27].
Layer 5 (the session layer), Layer 6 (the presentation
layer), and Layer 7 (the application layer) perform
higher-level functions such as communication session
management, data formatting, data encryption, and data
compression are discussed in the research paper titled as
‘Large-scale electrophysiology: Acquisition,
compression, encryption, and storage of big data’ [28].
C. Guo et al. discussed in its paper about ISPs
additional network access capabilities, such as Virtual
Private Networking (VPN), using protocols such as
L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol titled as ) ‘BCube: a
high performance, server-centric network architecture
for modular data centers’ [29]. W. Simpson discussed
about Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) layer 2 links
established and its connection in its research paper titled
‘The Point-to-Point Protocol ( PPP ) Status of this
Memo’ [30]. The ISP sets up a packet tunnel to a home
gateway (HGW) in IP packets are discussed in the
research paper titled ‘ISP-friendly live P2P
streaming’[31]. ‘Rapid, Time-Division multiplexed,
Direct Absorption and wavelength modulation-
spectroscopy' as titled research paper discussed VoIP, a
voice data stream is packetized and transmitted over the
packet network [32]. Software-defined networking has
applications in a wide variety of networked
environments. S. Barkai, R. Katz, D. Farinacci, and D.
Meyer, discussed different environments for which
SDN solutions have been proposed or implemented
[33].
III. CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY
Information Security should cover a number of
suggested themes as per the International Standards
Organization (ISO). Cloud computing security should
be guided in this regard in order to become a secure and
effective technology solution. Figure 2, illustrating the
information security requirements with the cloud
computing deployment model and delivery models
which has been adapted by Eloff et al. [34]. In Figure 2,
the different cloud delivery models and deployment
models are matched against the information security
requirements.
Shaikh et al. discussed the identification and
authentication in cloud computing, depending on the
type of cloud it specify the users must be established
and supplementary access priorities and permission are
discussed in the paper [35]. The management of
security in Cloud computing is explored by Ramgovind
et al. in [36]. In Cloud computing, confidentiality plays
a vital role in maintaining and controlling organizations
data situated across multiple distributed databases and
cloud applications is discussed in ‘Protection of Users
Data Confidentiality in Cloud Computing’ by S. S. Yau
et al. [37]. The integrity requirement lies in applying the
due diligence within the cloud domain mainly when
accessing data. Therefore ACID (atomicity, consistency,
isolation, and durability) properties of the cloud's data
should without a doubt be robustly imposed across all
Cloud computing delivery models [15]. The titled ‘Data
security in the world of cloud computing’ discussed
about Non-repudiation in cloud computing can be verify
using e-commerce security protocols and token
provisioning to data transmission within cloud
applications [38]. The service level agreement is the
most important document which highlights the
trepidation of availability in cloud services and
resources between the cloud provider and client ,
exploring by the information is discussed by O. Rebollo
et al. [39].
Managing cloud computing security: In order to
manage and control the cloud technology in all places
the potential impact of Cloud computing on their
competitive edge are discussed in the survey paper titled
as ‘Security Guidance Critical Areas of Focus for
Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing V2.1’ [40].
A Cloud framework that specifically addresses, senior
professionals, organizations information security and
management of cloud computing guidelines are
discussed in the paper ‘Data Security and Privacy
Protection Issues in Cloud Computing’ [41].
The use of HTTPS together with WS Security should be
a bare minimum when logging on to access data using
Cloud computing are discussed detail in the survey
paper ‘An analysis of cloud computing security issues’
[42]. S. Zawoad and R. Hasan discussed about WS-
Security assists with SOAP messages by defining the
header that carries the WS-Security extensions are
exposed in the paper ‘A trustworthy cloud forensics
environment paper’ [43]. In the book titled ‘The Tower
and the Cloud’, Richard Katz focuses on many areas
where the cloud may impose on education. Potential
Cloud organizations and vendor clouds by moving
towards a single cloud interface are discussed in the
book [43, 44].
With increased employment of cloud computing comes
increasingly frequent cloud computing security
incidents. Arguably many of the incidents described as
"cloud security" in fact just reflect traditional web

4. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Business Intelligents
Volume: 06 Issue: 02 December 2017 Page No.27-33
ISSN: 2278-2400
30
application and data-hosting problems are discussed in
the paper ‘Security in cloud computing: Opportunities
and challenges’[44] . In Addressing cloud computing
security issues highlighted in the paper ‘Addressing
cloud computing security issues’ [45] . R. Buyya, C. S.
Yeo, and S. Venugopal proposed about data outsourcing
and assurance, and virtual machines. The field primarily
manifests as a blend of existing topics, rather than a set
of papers with an exclusive focus on cloud security [46].
The “black hat” community has discovered cloud
computing exploits that reflect extensions of existing
vulnerabilities in Black Hat USA 2009 is discussed in
Handbook of Cloud Computing book [47].In the Attack
surfaces: A taxonomy for attacks on cloud services is
discussed about Social engineering attacks remain
effective one exploit tries to convince Amazon Elastic
Compute Cloud (EC2) users such as “fedora_core" [48].
Table 1: Results Comparison
Referen
ce
Author Problem
identified
Result
[1] L. J. Zhang
and Q. Zhou
Seven
architectura
l Principles
and ten
architectura
l Modules
CCOA is an
extensible
and
configurable
architecture
for
providing
normative
guidance
[4] B. Grobauer,
T.
Walloschek,
and E.
Stöcker
Cloud-
specific
issues and
to clarify
the
discussions
regarding
vulnerabilit
ies
Indicators
based on
sound
definitions
of risk
factors and
cloud
computing.
[7] S. Marston,
Z. Li, S.
Bandyopadhy
ay, J. Zhang,
and A.
Ghalsasi
Business-
related
issues-CC
Optical risk
Transfer and
SLA
contract
design is the
form of
reporting
security
[8] P. F. Hsu, S.
Ray, and Y.
Y. Li-Hsieh
Cloud
Service
adoption
that deals
pricing
mechanism
Cloud
literature by
investigating
the
multifaceted
nature of
and
deployment
model
cloud
[13] F. Alagöz, A.
C. Valdez, W.
Wilkowska,
M. Ziefle, S.
Dorner, and
A. Holzinger
Mobile e-
health and
wellness
applications
of
accelerating
health
Cloud-based
healthcare
and wellness
application
will prove
themselves
[16] M. Armbrust
et al.,
The cost
and storage
and
networking
Computing,
storage, and
networking
must all
focus on
horizontal
scalability of
virtualized
resources
rather than
on single
node
performance
[17] S. C. Wang,
K. Q. Yan,
W. P. Liao,
and S. S.
Wang
Discussed
load
balancing,
scheduling,
and cloud
computing
Load
balancing by
OLB
scheduling
algorithm,
LBMM
scheduling
algorithm is
utilized
[18] T. Dillon, C.
Wu, and E.
Chang
SOA and
Grid
computing
related to
cloud
computing
The
interoperabil
ity issues are
highlighted
and number
of solution
are
discussed in
this paper
[20] F. Lombardi
and R. Di
Pietro
Security
issues and
affection
Secure via
virtualizatio
n, Novel
advanced
architecture
for cloud
protection
[21] H. Hiroaki,
Y. Kamizuru,
A. Honda, T.
Hashimoto,
K. Shimizu,
and H. Yao
Dynamic
IP-VPN
which is
used for
cloud
computing
Cloud
computing
environment
and IP-VPN

5. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Business Intelligents
Volume: 06 Issue: 02 December 2017 Page No.27-33
ISSN: 2278-2400
31
services
[22] R. L.
Grossman
Difference
of cloud
and cloud
computing
Cloud and
cloud
computing
by using
cluster and
distributed
computing.
[26] R. Sherwood
et al.,
switch
virtualizatio
n in which
the same
hardware
forwarding
plane can
be shared
among
multiple
logical
networks
Packets are
sliced and
send into the
logical
networks
[33] S. Barkai, R.
Katz, D.
Farinacci, and
D. Meyer
The use of
software-
defined
flow
mapping
for scale-
assembly of
virtual
functions
features-
capacity
LISP-based
SDN
overlays can
implement
such
interconnect
for
virtualized
functions by
surrounding
data-center
spines or
national
backbones.
[34] J. Brodkin Seven
cloud-
computing
security
risks
To describe
the 7
different
types of
cloud
computing
risk factors
[35] F. B. F.
Shaikh and S.
Haider
Security
Threats
Different
types of
security
Threats via
Cloud
computing
are
discussed
[36] S. Ramgovind
et al.
Data
security
Precaution
and safety
issues to
secure the
data in cloud
computing
[37] S. S. Yau and
H. G. An
Manage the
security in
cloud
computing
Key security
consideratio
ns and
challenges
which are
currently
faced in the
Cloud
computing
industry are
discussed
[39] O. Rebollo,
D. Mellado,
E. Fernández-
Medina, and
H. Mouratidis
Framework Discussed
E-
Governance
framework
[41] D. Chen and
H. Zhao
CSA The Author
focused the
critical area
of cloud
security like
segmentatio
n
[47] N. Gruschka
and M.
Jensen
Taxonomy
of attackers
Data
security
from
attackers,
intruders,
and hackers.
Protection of
data
III. CONCLUSION
Security is the very important and essential task in the
current field of data analysis and some network oriented
transactions. This work identifies some of the general
issues and challenges in cloud security. Cloud security
can be seen a new phenomenon which is set to
revolutionize the way used on the internet; there are
security issues to identify the cautious in Cloud Security
Protocols. However, it is just very careful to understand
the limitations and security risks posed in utilizing these
technologies. Usually, no exception provided for the
network security by the cloud service providers. Cloud
Computing Networks has the potential to become a
frontrunner in promoting a Security to data, Virtual and
Economically viable in IT solution and to standardized
Cloud Computing Security Protocols through layer2
server and layer3 routers. A number of security issues
and their challenges are discussed in this work. Hence,
this survey work identifies that the SDN protocol
performs well for the cloud security compared with
other type of protocols in the same context.

6. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Business Intelligents
Volume: 06 Issue: 02 December 2017 Page No.27-33
ISSN: 2278-2400
32
References
[1] L. J. Zhang and Q. Zhou, “CCOA: Cloud
Computing Open Architecture”, IEEE Int. Conf. on
Web Services, 2009, pp. 607–616.
[2] S. A. Mokhtar, S. H. S. Ali, A. Al-Sharafi, and A.
Aborujilah, “Cloud computing in academic
institutions”, Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Ubiquitous Inf.
Manag. Commun., 2013 pp. 1–7.
[3] Y. Jadeja and K. Modi, “Cloud computing -
Concepts, architecture and challenges”, in 2012 Int.
Conf. on Computing, Electronics and Electrical
Technologies , pp. 877–880.
[4] B. Grobauer, T. Walloschek, and E. Stöcker,
“Understanding cloud computing vulnerabilities”,
IEEE Security. Priv. Vol. 9, No. 2,2011, pp. 50–57.
[5] S. Subashini and V. Kavitha, “A survey on security
issues in service delivery models of cloud
computing”, Journal of Network and Computer
Applications, Vol. 34, No. 1,2011, pp. 1–11.
[6] C. Gong, J. Liu, Q. Zhang, H. Chen, and Z. Gong,
“The characteristics of cloud computing”, in
Proceedings of the Int. Conf. on Parallel Processing
Workshops, 2010, pp. 275–279.
[7] S. Marston, Z. Li, S. Bandyopadhyay, J. Zhang, and
A. Ghalsasi, “Cloud computing - The business
perspective”, Decis. Support Syst.Vol. 51, No.
1,2011, pp. 176–189.
[8] P. F. Hsu, S. Ray, and Y. Y. Li-Hsieh, “Examining
cloud computing adoption intention, pricing
mechanism, and deployment model”, Int. J. Inf.
Manage. Vol. 34, No. 4,2014, pp. 474–488.
[9] A. Li, X. Yang, S. Kandula, and M. Zhang,
“CloudCmp: Comparing Public Cloud Providers”,
Proc. 10th Annu. Conf. Internet Meas. -
IMC10,2010, pp. 1-7.
[10]S. R. Smoot and N. K. Tan, "Private Cloud
Computing", eBook ISBN: 9780123849205 Eds-
1,2012.
[11]A. Marinos and G. Briscoe, "Community cloud
computing Conference paper Community Cloud
Computing", in the first int. conf. on cloud
computing, No. 1,2009, pp. 1–4.
[12]D. S. Linthicum, “Emerging Hybrid Cloud
Patterns,” IEEE Cloud Comput., Vol. 3, No.
1,2016, pp. 88–91.
[13]F. Alagöz, A. C. Valdez, W. Wilkowska, M. Ziefle,
S. Dorner, and A. Holzinger, “From cloud
computing to mobile internet, from user focus to
culture and hedonism - The crucible of mobile
health care and wellness applications”, in ICPCA10
- 5th Int. Conf. on Pervasive Computing and
Applications, 2010, pp. 38–45.
[14]E. G. Report, “The future of cloud computing”,
Analysis, Vol. 1, No. 1,2010, pp. 1–26.
[15]I. Foster, Y. Zhao, I. Raicu, and S. Lu, “Cloud
Computing and Grid Computing 360-degree
compared”, in Grid Computing Environments
Workshop, GCE 2008.
[16]M. Armbrust et al., “A view of cloud computing”,
Commun. ACM2010, Vol. 53, No. 4, 2010,pp. 50-
57.
[17]S. C. Wang, K. Q. Yan, W. P. Liao, and S. S.
Wang, “Towards a load balancing in a three-level
cloud computing network”, in Proc Int. Conf. on
Computer Science and Information Technology,
Vol. 1,2010, pp. 108–113.
[18]T. Dillon, C. Wu, and E. Chang, “Cloud
Computing: Issues and Challenges”, in 24th IEEE
Int. Conf. on Advanced Information Networking
and Applications, 2010, pp. 27–33.
[19]N. Santos, K. P. Gummadi, and R. Rodrigues,
“Towards trusted cloud computing”, Proc of the
conf. on Hot topics in cloud computing 2009. pp.
5-7.
[20]F. Lombardi and R. Di Pietro, “Secure
virtualization for cloud computing”, J. Netw.
Comput. Appl., Vol. 34, No. 4, 2011, pp. 1113–
1122.
[21]H. Hiroaki, Y. Kamizuru, A. Honda, T. Hashimoto,
K. Shimizu, and H. Yao, “Dynamic IP-VPN
architecture for cloud computing”, Inf.
Telecommun. Technol. (APSITT),8th Asia-Pacific
Symp., 2010.
[22]R. L. Grossman, “The case for cloud computing,”
IT Prof., Vol. 11, No. 2,2009, pp. 23–27.
[23]Handel, Theodore G., and Maxwell T. Sandford.
"Hiding data in the OSI network model", In Int.
Workshop on Information Hiding, Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg, 1996. pp. 23-38.
[24]F. F. Chen, “Physical mechanism of current-free
double layers”, Phys. Plasmas, Vol. 13, No.
3,2006,pp-28-32.
[25]J. Esler, “Detecting and responding to data link
layer attacks”, SANS Institute. 2010, pp 1-25.
[26]R. Sherwood et al., “FlowVisor: A Network
Virtualization Layer”, Network, 2009, pp. 15-23.
[27]J. Salowey, T. Petch, R. Gerhards, and H. Feng,
“Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)
Transport Mapping for Syslog”, RFC 6012
IETF2010, pp. 1–12.
[28]B. H. Brinkmann, M. R. Bower, K. A. Stengel, G.
A. Worrell, and M. Stead, “Large-scale
electrophysiology: Acquisition, compression,
encryption, and storage of big data”, J. Neurosci.
Methods, Vol. 180, No. 1,2009, pp. 185–192.
[29]C. Guo, G. Lu, D. Li, H. Wu, and X. Zhang,
“BCube: a high performance, server-centric
network architecture for modular data centers”,

7. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Business Intelligents
Volume: 06 Issue: 02 December 2017 Page No.27-33
ISSN: 2278-2400
33
SIGCOMM ’09 Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Conf.
Data Commun.,2009, pp. 63–74.
[30]W. Simpson, “The Point-to-Point Protocol ( PPP )
Status of this Memo”, Control, 1994.
[31]N. Magharei, R. Rejaie, I. Rimac, V. Hilt, and M.
Hofmann, “ISP-friendly live P2P streaming”,
IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw.,Vol. 22, No. 1,2014, pp.
244–256.
[32]A. Klein, O. Witzel, and V. Ebert, "Rapid, Time-
Division multiplexed, Direct Absorption and
wavelength modulation-spectroscopy," Sensors
(Switzerland), Vol. 14, No. 11,2014, pp. 21497–
21513.
[33]S. Barkai, R. Katz, D. Farinacci, and D. Meyer,
"Software-defined flow-mapping for scaling
virtualized network functions", Softw. Define.
Netw.,2013, pp. 149–150.
[34]J. Brodkin, “Gartner: Seven cloud-computing
security risks”, InfoWorld, Vol. 2, 2008, pp. 2–3.
[35]F. B. F. Shaikh and S. Haider, “Security threats in
cloud computing”, Int. Conf. Internet Technol.
Secure. Trans., No. 1, 2011, pp. 214–219.
[36]S. Ramgovind, M. Eloff, and E. Smith, “The
management of security in Cloud computing”, Inf.
Secure. South Africa (ISSA), 2010, pp. 1–7.
[37]S. S. Yau and H. G. An, “Protection of Users’ Data
Confidentiality in Cloud Computing”, Syst.
Eng.,2010, pp. 1–6.
[38]L. M. Kaufman, “Data security in the world of
cloud computing”, IEEE Security. Priv., Vol. 7, No.
4,2009, pp. 61–64.
[39]O. Rebollo, D. Mellado, E. Fernández-Medina, and
H. Mouratidis, “Empirical evaluation of a cloud
computing information security governance
framework”, Inf. Softw. Technol.,Vol. 58,2015, pp.
44–57.
[40]CSA, “Security Guidance Critical Areas of Focus
for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing
V2.1,” Cloud Security. Alliance, Vol. 1, No.
1,2009, pp. 1–76.
[41]D. Chen and H. Zhao, “Data Security and Privacy
Protection Issues in Cloud Computing”, Int. Conf.
Comput. Sci. Electron. Eng., Vol. 1, No. 973, 2012,
pp. 647–651.
[42]A Behl and K. Behl, “An analysis of cloud
computing security issues”, Inf. Commun. Technol.
(WICT), World Congr.,2012, pp. 109–114.
[43]S. Zawoad and R. Hasan, “A trustworthy cloud
forensics environment”, in IFIP Advances in
Inform and Comm Tech, Vol. 462, 2015,pp. 271–
285.
[44]M. Ali, S. U. Khan, and A. V. Vasilakos, “Security
in cloud computing: Opportunities and challenges”,
Inf. Sci. (NY).,Vol. 305,2015, pp. 357–383.
[45]D. Zissis and D. Lekkas, “Addressing cloud
computing security issues”, Futur. Gener. Comput.
Syst.,Vol. 28, No. 3,2012, pp. 583–592.
[46]R. Buyya, C. S. Yeo, and S. Venugopal, “Market-
oriented cloud computing: Vision, hype, and reality
for delivering IT services as computing utilities”,
Proc.of 10th IEEE Int. conf. on High Performance
Computing and Comm, 2008, pp. 5–13.
[47]P. Bientinesi, R. Iakymchuk, and J. Napper,
“Handbook of Cloud Computing (2010)”, Handb.
Cloud Comput.,2010, pp. 493–516.
[48]N. Gruschka and M. Jensen, “Attack surfaces: A
taxonomy for attacks on cloud services”, IEEE 3rd
Int. Conf. on Cloud Computing, 2010, pp. 276–
279.