This document summarizes a research study on exploring the scope of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs in India. The study collected data through questionnaires from 50 customers, 50 marketing managers, and 50 doctors in Gujarat, India. The data was analyzed to understand perceptions of DTCA's impact on clinical issues, psycho-social issues, and the doctor-patient relationship. Marketers and doctors were skeptical DTCA could improve health outcomes, while customers believed it provided treatment information. Professionals agreed DTCA could empower patients but may also cause unnecessary fear. The study provides insight into Indian stakeholders' views on introducing DTCA for prescription drugs.
Gurumurthy Kalyanaram on Endogenous Modeling of DTCA in IJHPM. Dr. Gurumurthy Kalyanaramh as lectured in various universities including The London School of Economics, The University of Texas at Dallas (UTD), Jiang Xi University of Finance and Frankfurt School of Finance and Management.
Medical Representatives in rural Bangladesh: Who are They and What Is Their R...Jeff Knezovich
M Hafizur Rahman from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health looks at the role of medical representatives in Chakaria, Bangladesh. He focuses on their link with informal providers of health services in rural areas.
Preferences of multinational & national brands in health care departmentAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the preferences of health care consultants for multinational and national brands in Pakistan. The study collected data from four hospitals in Bannu District through a survey of 120 health care consultants working in pediatric departments. The study aimed to determine if there were relationships between consultant brand preferences and factors like price, quality, efficacy, availability, marketing visits, country of origin, and government policies. The results showed significant associations between preferences and prices/quality of products as well as marketing visits. Relationships were also found for efficacy, country of origin, and government policies.
Behavioral economic project: The Rising Cost of Prescription Medications - SM...BaiyuKiaraLi
In this project, the other three students and I worked as a consulting company to research a social problem: the high cost of prescription medication reduces its accessibility among middle-and-low income families. By analyzing the root causes behind the key findings and analyzed potential solutions with strict criteria, we conceived a recommended solution and provided an implementation plan. Besides taking an essential role in the professional writing of the consulting document, I also took charge of data visualization: I designed the cover page, scoring system, and graphs illustrating story and data with Canva, Tableau, Excel, and Word. During the process, I also learned how to improve communication efficiency in a diverse group and strengthened my soft skills to work with different kinds of people.
This document summarizes the benefits of voluntary benefits for both employers and employees in today's healthcare reform environment. It discusses how voluntary benefits are gaining popularity as a way for employers to strengthen their benefits packages at no cost, while providing employees more choices to help pay for increasing out-of-pocket healthcare expenses. The summary also notes that nearly half of employers expect voluntary benefits to become more important over the next five years to help control costs while still offering competitive benefits.
Leveraging Anonymized Patient Level Data to Detect Hidden Market PotentialCognizant
Longitudinal analysis of anonymized patient level data (APLD) is a powerful tool for assessing patient experience on a granular level that will lead to better treatment outcomes and increased life sciences market penetration.
This document summarizes a study on how advertisements help change consumer perception in the insurance sector. It discusses the objectives of studying the impact of insurance advertising and strategies. The study examines consumer purchasing behavior and the role of ads in creating awareness and impacting sales. It outlines the research methodology involving surveys and data analysis. A literature review covers topics like emotional satisfaction in services, demographic risk factors, and energy efficient technologies that reduce insurance losses.
This document discusses how the global healthcare profit pool will shift between 2010 and 2020. It predicts that the total profit pool will grow at 4% annually from $520 billion to $740 billion over this period. However, profitability will decline for most players as the sources of growth and margins change significantly between sectors and regions. Innovative pharmaceutical and medical technology companies will see much slower growth and declining margins. In contrast, providers of healthcare delivery and lower-margin sectors like generics will capture a larger share of profits. To remain competitive, companies will need to develop new business models focused on improving healthcare delivery and outcomes rather than just generating more products and procedures.
Gurumurthy Kalyanaram on Endogenous Modeling of DTCA in IJHPM. Dr. Gurumurthy Kalyanaramh as lectured in various universities including The London School of Economics, The University of Texas at Dallas (UTD), Jiang Xi University of Finance and Frankfurt School of Finance and Management.
Medical Representatives in rural Bangladesh: Who are They and What Is Their R...Jeff Knezovich
M Hafizur Rahman from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health looks at the role of medical representatives in Chakaria, Bangladesh. He focuses on their link with informal providers of health services in rural areas.
Preferences of multinational & national brands in health care departmentAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the preferences of health care consultants for multinational and national brands in Pakistan. The study collected data from four hospitals in Bannu District through a survey of 120 health care consultants working in pediatric departments. The study aimed to determine if there were relationships between consultant brand preferences and factors like price, quality, efficacy, availability, marketing visits, country of origin, and government policies. The results showed significant associations between preferences and prices/quality of products as well as marketing visits. Relationships were also found for efficacy, country of origin, and government policies.
Behavioral economic project: The Rising Cost of Prescription Medications - SM...BaiyuKiaraLi
In this project, the other three students and I worked as a consulting company to research a social problem: the high cost of prescription medication reduces its accessibility among middle-and-low income families. By analyzing the root causes behind the key findings and analyzed potential solutions with strict criteria, we conceived a recommended solution and provided an implementation plan. Besides taking an essential role in the professional writing of the consulting document, I also took charge of data visualization: I designed the cover page, scoring system, and graphs illustrating story and data with Canva, Tableau, Excel, and Word. During the process, I also learned how to improve communication efficiency in a diverse group and strengthened my soft skills to work with different kinds of people.
This document summarizes the benefits of voluntary benefits for both employers and employees in today's healthcare reform environment. It discusses how voluntary benefits are gaining popularity as a way for employers to strengthen their benefits packages at no cost, while providing employees more choices to help pay for increasing out-of-pocket healthcare expenses. The summary also notes that nearly half of employers expect voluntary benefits to become more important over the next five years to help control costs while still offering competitive benefits.
Leveraging Anonymized Patient Level Data to Detect Hidden Market PotentialCognizant
Longitudinal analysis of anonymized patient level data (APLD) is a powerful tool for assessing patient experience on a granular level that will lead to better treatment outcomes and increased life sciences market penetration.
This document summarizes a study on how advertisements help change consumer perception in the insurance sector. It discusses the objectives of studying the impact of insurance advertising and strategies. The study examines consumer purchasing behavior and the role of ads in creating awareness and impacting sales. It outlines the research methodology involving surveys and data analysis. A literature review covers topics like emotional satisfaction in services, demographic risk factors, and energy efficient technologies that reduce insurance losses.
This document discusses how the global healthcare profit pool will shift between 2010 and 2020. It predicts that the total profit pool will grow at 4% annually from $520 billion to $740 billion over this period. However, profitability will decline for most players as the sources of growth and margins change significantly between sectors and regions. Innovative pharmaceutical and medical technology companies will see much slower growth and declining margins. In contrast, providers of healthcare delivery and lower-margin sectors like generics will capture a larger share of profits. To remain competitive, companies will need to develop new business models focused on improving healthcare delivery and outcomes rather than just generating more products and procedures.
Service innovation involves internal processes and responding to external environmental changes.
However, most of the previous literature related to hospital evaluations has focused on the impact of hospital
evaluation systems on medical quality or business models
Lehman Brothers 2003 Global Heathcare Conferencefinance2
This document provides an overview of John Hammergren's presentation at the 2003 Lehman Brothers Global Healthcare Conference. Some key points:
1) McKesson is the largest healthcare services company in North America with three segments: Pharmaceutical Solutions, Medical-Surgical Solutions, and Information Solutions.
2) Pharmaceutical Solutions is experiencing revenue growth and expanding operating margins. Information Solutions is also growing revenues and expanding margins. Medical-Surgical Solutions is undergoing a turnaround.
3) McKesson aims to create long-term customer relationships through innovative solutions that improve quality and reduce costs across the healthcare system.
Accountability in Healthcare: Collaboration and Analytics are KeyBukmarker
This document discusses accountability in the healthcare industry. Key points include:
- Healthcare providers, insurers, life sciences companies, and other stakeholders face increasing demands for cost control while improving quality of care and making the system more patient-centric.
- The Affordable Care Act aims to provide affordable healthcare to more Americans and represents an irreversible trend toward greater accountability in the industry.
- All players must find new business models using collaboration and data analytics to navigate this changing environment focused on evidence-based and patient-centric care.
The document analyzes the hospital industry through a PEST analysis, Porter's Five Forces model, and discussion of key success factors. It finds that political factors like the Affordable Care Act significantly impact hospitals. Competition is high within the industry. Bargaining power of suppliers and buyers is moderate. The most important success factors are reinventing the patient experience, having a diverse set of medical professionals, and leveraging innovative technology. Overall, the industry is currently unattractive for new entrants.
HardKnocks for the GreenHorn is a career progression tool for Medical Reps. Written in simple, easy-to-grasp style, it is filled with quotes, anecdotes and cartoons to illustrate a point. It is widely read and used by industry.
The document discusses the ethical issues surrounding healthcare marketing as competition in the industry has increased. It outlines how hospitals have focused on reducing costs while still attracting new patients. Specifically, it examines the various marketing tactics used by hospitals, such as advertising quality awards, and how some of these approaches could compromise ethical standards. The document also analyzes patients' perspectives and how their access to information has grown in the digital age, posing new challenges for healthcare providers to ethically market their services.
This document discusses a study on the efficiency of digital marketing for medical health care tourism. The study compared three dental clinics, one that used digital marketing and two that used conventional marketing, across five major cities in India over six months. It found that the digitally marketed clinic had significantly more patient visits than the conventionally marketed clinics in all cities. This suggests that digital marketing is more effective than conventional methods at attracting new patients. Social media was identified as a cost-effective way for dental practices to promote their services and connect with potential patients.
The document discusses opportunities and challenges for GSK's marketing strategy due to various political, economic, social and technological factors. It analyzes GSK's strengths like focus on R&D and parent synergy, as well as weaknesses like limited liquidity position. Opportunities discussed are launch of new products and growth in healthcare markets like India. Threats include uncertain R&D outcomes and government regulations. The document also discusses trends reshaping the healthcare industry like empowered patients and use of real-world data. Major changes in digital health are driving new opportunities for pharma companies.
This document discusses credit risk management practices of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Kenya. It finds that the most important factors considered in establishing credit policies are the financial stability of customers and existing credit policies. Major credit risk management practices used include debt collection letters, credit insurance, and factoring. When dealing with difficult customers, firms put accounts on hold, engage debt collectors, and require cash payments. The 6C model of credit appraisal is widely used to evaluate credit risk.
Data-driven Healthcare for the Pharmaceutical IndustryLindaWatson19
The tremendous opportunity of a data-driven strategy is apparent to the pharmaceutical industry, as all these informational assets exhibiting volume, variety, and velocity need to be ingested and analyzed for enhanced insight leading to better business decisions to address proactively the needs of patient care, while getting to market cheaper, faster, with better products.
This document provides updated guidelines from the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) on ethical interactions between pharmacists and industry. It expands the scope beyond just the pharmaceutical industry to include other vendors. The guidelines recognize new federal regulations addressing conflicts of interest with healthcare professionals. The document stresses that the primary concern for pharmacists should be patient welfare. It advises against accepting gifts from industry that could influence objectivity or appear to do so. Accepting gifts not directly beneficial to patient care, education or research should be avoided. Pharmacists are advised to consider how gifts may be perceived and ensure industry interactions do not compromise independent clinical judgment.
Marketing dietary supplements public relations and the ability obahadirfenerci
Public relations can influence whether marketing of dietary supplements encourages healthy or unhealthy consumer behaviors. If marketing messages are perceived as making risky behaviors safe, it can have a "boomerang effect" that disinhibits unhealthy behaviors. Regulations aim to protect the "average consumer," but information may not reach all consumers. Pharmaceutical companies could improve relationships with consumers through patient education to mitigate risks of misleading claims and build brands that encourage wellness.
Drug Information, and other physician-focused Pharmaceutical companies must also consider how
resources. They can also include peer-to-peer discussion e-Detailing will integrate with their overall CRM strategy,
forums where physicians can exchange clinical ideas and how well they understand physician segments, and how
information. By aggregating multiple trusted sources of efficiently e-Detailing can be applied to support promo-
information in one place, companies can help physicians tional goals. Here are some additional factors that will
overcome concerns about the objectivity of information determine e-Detailing success:
provided by a single source. • Integration with CRM strategy – e-Detail
Healthcare Services Sector Update - December 2017Duff & Phelps
The S&P Healthcare Services Index increased 0.9% over the last month, in line with the S&P 500, which increased 1.0% over the same period. The best performing sectors were Pharmacy Management (up 14.4%), Dialysis Services (up 9.4%), and Providers – Other (up 8.4%). Read the report for more detail on sector activity.
Liberty university busi 311 quiz 4 complete solutions correct answers slideshareSong Love
Liberty University BUSI 311 quiz 4 complete solutions correct answers slideshare
Three different versions
https://www.coursemerit.com/solution-details/20139/Liberty-University-BUSI-311-quiz-4-complete-solutions-correct-answers-A-work
On the 15th April, Creation Healthcare presented the winners of the Healthcare Engagement Strategy Awards 2010 at the Hilton Park Lane in London, United Kingdom.
The document is an internship report submitted by Kottala Lakshminarayana summarizing their market research study on Medvizr, a healthcare platform that allows consumers to find trusted doctors based on reviews. The report includes an introduction to the study objectives and methodologies used. It then provides an analysis of the healthcare industry and Medvizr's company profile, product features, vision, mission and policies. Key findings from the study suggest opportunities exist in the youth market. Suggestions are made around increasing awareness, building Medvizr's brand image and organizing free medical camps.
Healthcare Services Sector Update - November 2017Duff & Phelps
The S&P Healthcare Services Index increased 2.9% over the last month, which was in line with the S&P 500, which increased 2.8% over the same period. The best performing sectors were Healthcare Consulting (up 16.7%), Assisted / Independent Living (up 15.3%), and Healthcare Staffing (up 14.0%). Read the report for more detail on sector activity.
This position paper answer the following questions: Why is creativity so important? - How to craft a creative strategy? - How to build a creativity-driven organization?
2003 Merrill Lynch Global Healthcare Conferencefinance2
This document summarizes John Hammergren's presentation on February 5, 2003 at the 2003 Merrill Lynch Global Healthcare Conference. The presentation discusses McKesson Corporation's market overview and strategy, business unit performance, focus on innovation, and key highlights. McKesson is the largest healthcare services company in North America, with $46 billion in annual revenues across pharmaceutical, medical-surgical, and information solutions. The presentation notes McKesson's continued revenue growth and margin expansion across business units, driven by favorable market factors of an aging population demanding higher quality care.
Challenges of managing mnc expatriates through crises a studyIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the challenges of managing expatriate employees during crises. It discusses literature on expatriate selection, preparation, and repatriation. It then describes the methodology of interviewing 15 HR managers in India. Key findings from the interviews are summarized in three sections: expatriate selection process, preparation training, and repatriation process. The conclusion states that planning repatriation from the start of expatriation can help organizations better manage human resources globally and encourage employees to accept foreign assignments.
New innovation of magnetic scales used in digital height masters and digital ...IAEME Publication
1) Magnetic scales are increasingly being used in digital readouts and height masters instead of glass or metal scales due to advantages like higher accuracy even in dirty environments.
2) Magnetic scales work by magnetizing a plastic-coated steel strip with alternating magnetic poles that are detected by a reader head for displacement measurements.
3) The reader head houses electronic sensors and circuitry to convert the changing magnetic field into output signals for determining distance, and it is designed to operate reliably even in conditions with vibrations, dirt or coolant present.
Service innovation involves internal processes and responding to external environmental changes.
However, most of the previous literature related to hospital evaluations has focused on the impact of hospital
evaluation systems on medical quality or business models
Lehman Brothers 2003 Global Heathcare Conferencefinance2
This document provides an overview of John Hammergren's presentation at the 2003 Lehman Brothers Global Healthcare Conference. Some key points:
1) McKesson is the largest healthcare services company in North America with three segments: Pharmaceutical Solutions, Medical-Surgical Solutions, and Information Solutions.
2) Pharmaceutical Solutions is experiencing revenue growth and expanding operating margins. Information Solutions is also growing revenues and expanding margins. Medical-Surgical Solutions is undergoing a turnaround.
3) McKesson aims to create long-term customer relationships through innovative solutions that improve quality and reduce costs across the healthcare system.
Accountability in Healthcare: Collaboration and Analytics are KeyBukmarker
This document discusses accountability in the healthcare industry. Key points include:
- Healthcare providers, insurers, life sciences companies, and other stakeholders face increasing demands for cost control while improving quality of care and making the system more patient-centric.
- The Affordable Care Act aims to provide affordable healthcare to more Americans and represents an irreversible trend toward greater accountability in the industry.
- All players must find new business models using collaboration and data analytics to navigate this changing environment focused on evidence-based and patient-centric care.
The document analyzes the hospital industry through a PEST analysis, Porter's Five Forces model, and discussion of key success factors. It finds that political factors like the Affordable Care Act significantly impact hospitals. Competition is high within the industry. Bargaining power of suppliers and buyers is moderate. The most important success factors are reinventing the patient experience, having a diverse set of medical professionals, and leveraging innovative technology. Overall, the industry is currently unattractive for new entrants.
HardKnocks for the GreenHorn is a career progression tool for Medical Reps. Written in simple, easy-to-grasp style, it is filled with quotes, anecdotes and cartoons to illustrate a point. It is widely read and used by industry.
The document discusses the ethical issues surrounding healthcare marketing as competition in the industry has increased. It outlines how hospitals have focused on reducing costs while still attracting new patients. Specifically, it examines the various marketing tactics used by hospitals, such as advertising quality awards, and how some of these approaches could compromise ethical standards. The document also analyzes patients' perspectives and how their access to information has grown in the digital age, posing new challenges for healthcare providers to ethically market their services.
This document discusses a study on the efficiency of digital marketing for medical health care tourism. The study compared three dental clinics, one that used digital marketing and two that used conventional marketing, across five major cities in India over six months. It found that the digitally marketed clinic had significantly more patient visits than the conventionally marketed clinics in all cities. This suggests that digital marketing is more effective than conventional methods at attracting new patients. Social media was identified as a cost-effective way for dental practices to promote their services and connect with potential patients.
The document discusses opportunities and challenges for GSK's marketing strategy due to various political, economic, social and technological factors. It analyzes GSK's strengths like focus on R&D and parent synergy, as well as weaknesses like limited liquidity position. Opportunities discussed are launch of new products and growth in healthcare markets like India. Threats include uncertain R&D outcomes and government regulations. The document also discusses trends reshaping the healthcare industry like empowered patients and use of real-world data. Major changes in digital health are driving new opportunities for pharma companies.
This document discusses credit risk management practices of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Kenya. It finds that the most important factors considered in establishing credit policies are the financial stability of customers and existing credit policies. Major credit risk management practices used include debt collection letters, credit insurance, and factoring. When dealing with difficult customers, firms put accounts on hold, engage debt collectors, and require cash payments. The 6C model of credit appraisal is widely used to evaluate credit risk.
Data-driven Healthcare for the Pharmaceutical IndustryLindaWatson19
The tremendous opportunity of a data-driven strategy is apparent to the pharmaceutical industry, as all these informational assets exhibiting volume, variety, and velocity need to be ingested and analyzed for enhanced insight leading to better business decisions to address proactively the needs of patient care, while getting to market cheaper, faster, with better products.
This document provides updated guidelines from the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) on ethical interactions between pharmacists and industry. It expands the scope beyond just the pharmaceutical industry to include other vendors. The guidelines recognize new federal regulations addressing conflicts of interest with healthcare professionals. The document stresses that the primary concern for pharmacists should be patient welfare. It advises against accepting gifts from industry that could influence objectivity or appear to do so. Accepting gifts not directly beneficial to patient care, education or research should be avoided. Pharmacists are advised to consider how gifts may be perceived and ensure industry interactions do not compromise independent clinical judgment.
Marketing dietary supplements public relations and the ability obahadirfenerci
Public relations can influence whether marketing of dietary supplements encourages healthy or unhealthy consumer behaviors. If marketing messages are perceived as making risky behaviors safe, it can have a "boomerang effect" that disinhibits unhealthy behaviors. Regulations aim to protect the "average consumer," but information may not reach all consumers. Pharmaceutical companies could improve relationships with consumers through patient education to mitigate risks of misleading claims and build brands that encourage wellness.
Drug Information, and other physician-focused Pharmaceutical companies must also consider how
resources. They can also include peer-to-peer discussion e-Detailing will integrate with their overall CRM strategy,
forums where physicians can exchange clinical ideas and how well they understand physician segments, and how
information. By aggregating multiple trusted sources of efficiently e-Detailing can be applied to support promo-
information in one place, companies can help physicians tional goals. Here are some additional factors that will
overcome concerns about the objectivity of information determine e-Detailing success:
provided by a single source. • Integration with CRM strategy – e-Detail
Healthcare Services Sector Update - December 2017Duff & Phelps
The S&P Healthcare Services Index increased 0.9% over the last month, in line with the S&P 500, which increased 1.0% over the same period. The best performing sectors were Pharmacy Management (up 14.4%), Dialysis Services (up 9.4%), and Providers – Other (up 8.4%). Read the report for more detail on sector activity.
Liberty university busi 311 quiz 4 complete solutions correct answers slideshareSong Love
Liberty University BUSI 311 quiz 4 complete solutions correct answers slideshare
Three different versions
https://www.coursemerit.com/solution-details/20139/Liberty-University-BUSI-311-quiz-4-complete-solutions-correct-answers-A-work
On the 15th April, Creation Healthcare presented the winners of the Healthcare Engagement Strategy Awards 2010 at the Hilton Park Lane in London, United Kingdom.
The document is an internship report submitted by Kottala Lakshminarayana summarizing their market research study on Medvizr, a healthcare platform that allows consumers to find trusted doctors based on reviews. The report includes an introduction to the study objectives and methodologies used. It then provides an analysis of the healthcare industry and Medvizr's company profile, product features, vision, mission and policies. Key findings from the study suggest opportunities exist in the youth market. Suggestions are made around increasing awareness, building Medvizr's brand image and organizing free medical camps.
Healthcare Services Sector Update - November 2017Duff & Phelps
The S&P Healthcare Services Index increased 2.9% over the last month, which was in line with the S&P 500, which increased 2.8% over the same period. The best performing sectors were Healthcare Consulting (up 16.7%), Assisted / Independent Living (up 15.3%), and Healthcare Staffing (up 14.0%). Read the report for more detail on sector activity.
This position paper answer the following questions: Why is creativity so important? - How to craft a creative strategy? - How to build a creativity-driven organization?
2003 Merrill Lynch Global Healthcare Conferencefinance2
This document summarizes John Hammergren's presentation on February 5, 2003 at the 2003 Merrill Lynch Global Healthcare Conference. The presentation discusses McKesson Corporation's market overview and strategy, business unit performance, focus on innovation, and key highlights. McKesson is the largest healthcare services company in North America, with $46 billion in annual revenues across pharmaceutical, medical-surgical, and information solutions. The presentation notes McKesson's continued revenue growth and margin expansion across business units, driven by favorable market factors of an aging population demanding higher quality care.
Challenges of managing mnc expatriates through crises a studyIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the challenges of managing expatriate employees during crises. It discusses literature on expatriate selection, preparation, and repatriation. It then describes the methodology of interviewing 15 HR managers in India. Key findings from the interviews are summarized in three sections: expatriate selection process, preparation training, and repatriation process. The conclusion states that planning repatriation from the start of expatriation can help organizations better manage human resources globally and encourage employees to accept foreign assignments.
New innovation of magnetic scales used in digital height masters and digital ...IAEME Publication
1) Magnetic scales are increasingly being used in digital readouts and height masters instead of glass or metal scales due to advantages like higher accuracy even in dirty environments.
2) Magnetic scales work by magnetizing a plastic-coated steel strip with alternating magnetic poles that are detected by a reader head for displacement measurements.
3) The reader head houses electronic sensors and circuitry to convert the changing magnetic field into output signals for determining distance, and it is designed to operate reliably even in conditions with vibrations, dirt or coolant present.
Job satisfaction in banking a study of private and public sector banksIAEME Publication
This study examines job satisfaction among employees in public and private sector banks in India. The document provides background on definitions of job satisfaction and factors that influence it. It outlines the study's objectives to measure and compare job satisfaction levels and contributing factors between public and private bank employees. The methodology section notes that surveys were conducted with 400 employees total across 6 banks to collect data on job satisfaction and its relationship to other variables. Prior literature found job satisfaction correlated with organizational commitment, justice perceptions, benefits offered, workforce size, and more.
Studies on geometrical featured metallic shell structures for inward inversionIAEME Publication
This document summarizes research on the inward inversion of metallic shell structures with various geometric features for energy absorption applications. Experiments were conducted using an Instron testing machine to apply loads and measure force-displacement responses for aluminum shell samples with different shapes, wall thicknesses, steps, and curvatures. Finite element simulations of the inversion process matched well with experimental force-displacement graphs and stress distributions. Key findings include frusta with 6-7 degree angles absorbed the most energy, while steps and uneven curvatures reduced energy absorption and caused unstable force responses. Thicker shells and straighter top portions also improved energy absorption performance during inversion.
The document describes the design of a 64-bit error tolerant adder. The adder is divided into an accurate part and an inaccurate part to reduce power consumption and improve speed. The accurate part uses a 24-bit ripple carry adder constructed from 8-transistor full adders. The inaccurate part uses 40 modified XOR gates in a carry-free structure along with a control block to generate control signals. Simulation results show the proposed design has lower power consumption than conventional adders while maintaining acceptable accuracy for applications that can tolerate some errors.
The document discusses using an Elman artificial neural network (ENN) to classify the degree of mitral valve stenosis in ultrasound images. The ENN is trained on M-mode echocardiography images labeled as mild, moderate, or severe stenosis. Kernel principal component analysis is used to extract features from the images by reducing the pixel dimensions. The ENN architecture includes input, hidden, connecting, and output layers to classify new images based on the training. The algorithm updates the weights between layers using error backpropagation. The goal is an automated system that can diagnose mitral valve stenosis from echocardiograms.
The document discusses using a genetic algorithm approach to optimize process parameters in laser beam welding of Inconel. Experiments were conducted varying pulse duration, pulse frequency, welding speed, and pulse energy. Response surface methodology was used to develop mathematical models relating the weld bead geometry (penetration, width, volume) to the process parameters. The models are then used with a genetic algorithm to optimize the total bead volume while keeping the other geometry parameters within constraints, in order to produce high quality welds efficiently. In summary, the proposed methodology enables determining optimal process settings for different production needs and potentially automating the welding process.
Face recognition across pose with estimation of pose parametersIAEME Publication
This document summarizes research on face recognition across pose using the eigenface and fisherface approaches. It compares the two methods on databases with different amounts of training data and levels of pose variation. Fisherface is shown to outperform eigenface when training data is sparse across pose. The work also presents a method to estimate face pose parameters using a patch-based representation, achieving promising results on uncontrolled images.
Quality factor of seismic coda waves in garhwal himalayas 2IAEME Publication
This document analyzes seismic coda wave attenuation in the Garhwal Himalayan region using data from 75 earthquakes recorded between 2004-2006. Coda quality factor (QC) values were estimated at different frequencies using a lapse time of 50 seconds and four coda window lengths. QC was found to fit a power law relationship with frequency, with exponents ranging from 0.967 to 1.016. Lower QC values at lower frequencies indicate higher attenuation, while higher QC values at higher frequencies indicate lower attenuation, suggesting heterogeneity decreases with depth in the study region.
Johnson & Johnson's 2015 marketing plan analyzes the company's current strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and threats. It identifies JNJ's dominance in the healthcare market as a strength but notes weaknesses like lawsuits over illegal promotion of Risperdal. The plan proposes three strategies: implementing a prescription savings program, engineering a drug to treat a disease caused by antipsychotics, and expanding into foreign markets through meetings with officials. The goal is to improve customer loyalty, gain market share internationally, and address issues like Risperdal to benefit JNJ's performance in 2017.
Sales Management Term Project: Marketing Plan for Johnson and Johnson 2015Hannah Joy Stacy
This is a term project I just finished for a business course. I have a connection with the company in CH and have received critique from reputable business professionals and; despite the lack of detailed figure tables which were not required, all who have read it think it to be very good and useful should the company ever choose to implement it.
Direct To Consumer Advertising Of Prescription Drugs Pharmaceutical Industryjinender16
The pharmaceutical industry views direct-to-consumer (DTC) drug advertising positively as it can educate patients, foster competition, and increase communication between patients and doctors. However, critics argue that DTC advertising leads to overuse of prescription drugs, increased drug prices, and can interfere with the physician-patient relationship. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) works to advocate for policies supported by their industry and has established guiding principles for responsible DTC advertising.
The document discusses issues around the marketing of pharmaceutical drugs. It notes that pharmaceutical marketing can influence doctors' prescribing decisions and priorities. Several studies cited found that doctors view drug sales representatives as an important source of information. The document then outlines a proposed research agenda to further examine the extent and impact of pharmaceutical marketing, including potential costs and benefits to health systems and policies around transparency. It concludes by noting concerns that extensive marketing practices could undermine affordable medical care.
This document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs and the use of alternative medicines. The study uses survey and advertising expenditure data to estimate the effect of DTCA on alternative medicine prescriptions, both in terms of the number of people obtaining prescriptions and the amount spent. The study finds that while DTCA does not significantly affect total spending on alternative medicines, it does have a positive effect on the number of alternative medicine prescriptions obtained by those who obtain at least one prescription. The study uses a hurdle model approach to account for the fact that some obtain alternative medicine prescriptions while others do not.
Influence of pharmaceutical marketing onMdIrfanUddin2
1) The study examined the influence of pharmaceutical marketing strategies on the prescription practices of physicians in Bangladesh. It surveyed 500 physicians across various cities using a questionnaire.
2) The study found that marketing strategies like frequent visits from sales representatives, personal relationships between physicians and reps, product quality, and company reputation had the strongest influence on prescription decisions. Less effective strategies included gifts, advertising, and direct mailings.
3) Personal selling approaches like frequent visits and relationships had the most impact, while public relations efforts like sponsoring conferences and launch meetings also influenced physicians somewhat.
This document discusses marketing strategies used by pharmaceutical companies. It begins by providing background on the pharmaceutical industry and market in India. It then discusses some of the challenges faced by pharmaceutical companies in their marketing processes. The rest of the document focuses on and compares two main marketing models - the super core model targeting chronic therapies using a pull system, and the core model targeting acute therapies using a push system. It provides details on how each model approaches marketing through medical representatives, customers, and supply chain management.
The document discusses trends impacting the healthcare industry and their implications for healthcare marketers. It summarizes that the industry is undergoing unprecedented changes driven by structural challenges, the Affordable Care Act, personalized medicine, and advances in health IT, digital, social and mobile technologies. These changes are impacting drug development, healthcare delivery, and pricing and payment models. The document also discusses trends specifically in pharmaceuticals/biotechnology, diagnostics/personalized medicine, and healthcare IT/analytics and the challenges they pose for healthcare marketers.
Pharmaceutical marketing aims to educate consumers and healthcare professionals about new treatments. While some question the value of marketing, it plays an important role in disseminating medical information. Recent changes include voluntary principles for direct-to-consumer ads and a strengthened industry code of ethics. Studies show marketing helps address underdiagnosis and undertreatment by raising disease awareness and prompting patients to see doctors. However, most physicians say clinical knowledge and patient needs strongly influence prescribing over marketing.
Pharmaceutical marketing to healthcare providers provides information on new treatment options, but it is only one of many factors that influence prescribing decisions. Surveys find clinical knowledge, patient factors, and insurance policies have greater impacts. Approximately 67% of US prescriptions are for generic drugs, much higher than other countries. While representatives provide information, prescribing is shaped more by clinical guidelines, peers, formularies, and insurers' prior authorization requirements than representative interactions.
The pharmaceutical industry is facing many challenges today including declining drug approvals, rising generics competition, increased regulatory scrutiny, and a broken R&D process. Proposed changes like high-throughput screening and biomarkers have failed to significantly improve R&D productivity. Outsourcing drug development and focusing on commercialization may be a solution. Healthcare is also transitioning to personalized and preventative care focused on diagnosis over acute treatment, making patients more proactive consumers. Pharmaceutical companies will need new business models that integrate with changing healthcare systems.
The document discusses pharmaceutical marketing practices in India and the development of a Uniform Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices (UCPMP). It notes that while the UCPMP aims to standardize ethical practices, some remain skeptical of its effectiveness without strict enforcement. Concerns have been raised about the influence of pharmaceutical company promotions on doctor prescribing habits. The UCPMP framework outlines principles for ethical product promotion, prohibiting gifts to influence prescribing, and requiring transparency around expenditures.
The document discusses improving medication adherence and the complex landscape of issues involved. It notes that non-adherence results in high healthcare costs and negative health outcomes. Pharma companies are engaging with adherence issues due to business risks from lower sales and regulatory scrutiny. The landscape is complex with many patient, stakeholder, and systemic factors influencing adherence. Human-centered design and the transtheoretical model of behavior change are recommended approaches for developing well-targeted adherence solutions. Connected health technologies also show promise if designed with privacy, costs, and usability in mind.
This document discusses direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising (DTCPA) and debates its pros and cons. It notes that annual DTCPA spending by pharmaceutical companies is $4 billion. Supporters argue DTCPA educates patients and encourages discussion with doctors, while opponents argue it drives overprescription and costs. The document examines different types of DTCPA, spending trends, and proposed remedies like limiting new product ads or requiring FDA pre-clearance of ads. In conclusion, it states DTCPA has both benefits and risks, and remedies aim to maximize benefits and minimize harm.
This document discusses marketing strategies used by the pharmaceutical industry, including how they target physicians and consumers. It outlines common marketing tactics like the "4 P's" of product, price, promotion and placement. It also discusses how companies may indirectly influence prescribing through clinical guidelines and gifts/payments to physicians. The legal boundaries of promoting on-label versus off-label drug use are covered, as well as ethical standards to limit physician interactions with industry.
This document provides a business plan for a new pharmaceutical company called NEWTech Advant. The plan includes a situation analysis of the pharmaceutical market, noting trends like an aging population and increased regulation. It outlines NEWTech Advant's goals of improving existing drugs and discovering new ones. The marketing strategy discusses targeting physicians and patients aged 45+, and increasing market share through advertising. Financial objectives include achieving profitability in three years. The plan also analyzes strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for the new company.
This document provides an overview of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs. It defines DTCA as pharmaceutical companies promoting prescription drugs directly to consumers through television, radio, print or online ads. The goals of DTCA are to inform consumers about diseases and treatment options and encourage patients to talk to their doctors. While DTCA increases disease awareness and treatment information for patients, it may also lead to patient self-diagnosis and pressure on doctors to prescribe advertised drugs. The FDA regulates DTCA in the US, while countries like New Zealand have debated banning it due to concerns about misleading ads and increased healthcare costs.
Similar to A study to explore scope of direct to consumer advertisement dtca (20)
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Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
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2. International Journal of Marketing and Human Resource Management (IJMHRM), ISSN 0976
– 6421 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 643X (Online), Volume 3, Issue 1, January-December (2012)
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Much of the research undertaken on said topic was particular to US economy but huge gap is
yet to be fulfilled for the developing country like india. Gists of few of the noteworthy studies
undertaken on the said topic are given below:
In 2004, Astra-Zeneca spent $216 million promoting Crestor, almost matching the $212
million spent on Pepsi for that year (Huh and Langteau, 2007). There is growing trend of
spending on DTC advertising by pharmaceutical companies in US. According to Gagnon and
Lexchin (2008) Pharmaceutical companies spend nearly twice as much on marketing in the
U.S. as they do on research and development (R&D).
In another study taken by Sheehan (2007), Drug marketers have increased their spending on
internet to promote their drugs. In 2003, the pharmaceutical industry spent $59 million on
DTC promotion on the Internet (Choi and Lee, 2007). Searching for health-related
information has become the third most common activity for online users (Choi and Lee,
2007). Advertising spending positively correlates with increases in the number of
prescriptions written for DTC drugs (Spake and Joseph, 2007). A study reviewed by the GAO
found a median increase in sales of more than $2 for every $1 spent on advertising (United
States, 2006).
While the pharmaceutical industry is profiting from DTC advertising, it generates more
money marketing to physicians. In 2005, compared with the $4.2 billion spent on DTC
advertising, pharmaceutical companies spent $7.2 billion on promotion to physicians (United
States, 2006). In addition, every dollar spent on physician-detailing generated sales worth
approximately $1.72, except for the most aggressively marketed drugs, which generated sales
of more than $10 (Healy, 2007).
According to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) DTC advertising is consistent with the
whole trend toward consumer empowerment. They believe that there is certain public health
benefits associated with letting people know what’s available.
Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice, DTC advertising increases consumer
and physician awareness of the potential benefits of pharmaceuticals and helps close the
information gaps among pharmaceutical manufacturers, doctors, and consumers.”
Hoffman and Wilkes (1999) express their views on basis of their experience in US that
DTCA, unreasonably increases consumer expectations, forces doctors to spend time
disabusing patients of misinformation, diminish the doctor-patient relationship because a
doctor refuses to prescribe an advertised drug, or results in poor practice if the doctor
capitulates and prescribes an inappropriate agent."
Further research is needed to know the clinical and economic impact of DTCA on healthcare
systems. The benefits of DTCA (preventive care) must be balanced against increased health
care costs caused by clinically inappropriate requests generated by DTCA
3. RESEARCH METHODLOGY
3.1. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
To explore the scope of DTCA (prescription drugs) in Indian pharmaceutical Industry.
20
3. International Journal of Marketing and Human Resource Management (IJMHRM), ISSN 0976
– 6421 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 643X (Online), Volume 3, Issue 1, January-December (2012)
To know Perception & knowledge of Indian consumers about prescription drugs
advertising.
3.2. RESEARCH DESIGN
Study is Exploratory in nature.
3.3. SAMPLE DESIGN
Sampling Population
Marketers (executives of Pharmaceutical companies), Doctors and Consumers of
Gujarat
Sampling Method
Judgment Sampling.
Sample Size – 150
Customers (Patients)(50)
Marketing mangers and sales managers(50)
Doctors(50)
3.4. PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION
Primary Data is collected with the help of questionnaire which consist of structured and
unstructured open ended questions.
3.5. LIMITATIONS
Study is restricted to Gujarat state only.
Unable to collect information from the respondents of rural areas due to time
constraint
Due to limited pharmaceutical companies within Gujarat, got less number of
marketing professional as respondents as compared to sales managers.
Samples were drawn from Rajkot & Ahmedabad.
DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
Table 1: CLINICAL ISSUES (Mean Values)
Clinical Issues Marketers Physicians Endusers
DTCA would encourage patients to attend 2.94 2.41 3.61
physicians for preventive health care.
DTCA would result in increasing diagnoses 2.76 2.94 3.29
of under-diagnosed conditions
DTCA would result in improving treatments 2.88 2.47 3.81
of under treated conditions
1=strongly disagree; 5 =strongly agree
From the above mean values we can say that most of the marketers & physicians disagreed
that DTCA will help patients to give clinical benefits by making them more conscious for
preventive health care and diagnosis of under-diagnosed condition. While consumers believe
that DTCA helps them to provide knowledge about treatments, make them concerned about
prescribing medication and results in diagnoses of under-diagnosed condition.
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4. International Journal of Marketing and Human Resource Management (IJMHRM), ISSN 0976
– 6421 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 643X (Online), Volume 3, Issue 1, January-December (2012)
Table 2: PSYCHO-SOCIAL ISSUES (Mean Values)
Psycho-Social Issues Marketers Physicians Endusers
Give patients confidence to talk to their 3.53 3.82 4
doctors about their concerns
Promote unnecessary fear of the side effects 2.68 3.82 3.03
Exposure to personally relevant DTCA 2.94 3.65 3.48
would encourage patients to disclose health
concerns to their doctor
1=strongly disagree; 5 =strongly agree
Most of the physicians, consumers & executives agreed that DTCA will give them
psychological benefits & personally relevant DTCA would develop confidence and
encourage consumers to disclose their health concerns to physicians. Physicians also agreed
that DTCA would promote unnecessary fear of side effects in the mind of consumers, while
executives and consumers disagreed that DTCA will promote unnecessary fear of side
effects, but it helps them in providing useful information on the risks of prescription
medication.
Table 3: EFFECT ON DOCTOR PATIENT RELATIONSHIP (Mean Values)
Effect on doctor-patient relationship Marketers Physicians Endusers
Promote unnecessary visits to doctors & cause 3 3.41 2.68
patients to take up more of their doctors’ time
DTCA would enhance the doctor-patient 3.03 3.12 3.19
relationship & communication
DTCA would damage the doctor-patient 2.65 3.12 2.58
relationship
DTCA pressures physicians to use drugs; they 2.88 3.12 2.77
might not ordinarily use
1=strongly disagree; 5 =strongly agree
Consumers and executives disagreed that DTCA will not promote unnecessary visits to
doctors and will not influence prescription behaviour of physicians. Rather it would help in
enhancing doctor-patient relationship & communication. While according to physicians
DTCA will promote unnecessary visits to them and might damage relationship with patients
and also it will affect their prescription behaviour.
Table 4: EFFECT ON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM (Mean Values)
Effect on health care system Marketers Physicians Endusers
DTCA contributes to rising drug costs, by 3.03 3.94 3.52
promoting newer, more expensive drugs.
DTCA discourages the use of generic products 2.59 3.47 2.92
DTCA promotes healthy competition among 2.97 3.88 3.87
DTCA contributes to rising health care costs 2.76 3.65 3.55
without commensurate health gains such as
unnecessary tests, referrals to specialists, self
medication.
DTCA should not be allowed in India. 3.06 3.47 3.32
1=strongly disagree; 5 =strongly agree
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Most of the physicians and consumers believe that DTCA would give rise to drug cost,
discourages to use of generic products and promotes the healthy competition among
pharmaceuticals companies, while executives disagreed that it will decreases the use of
generic products. Physicians, Consumers & Executives all agreed that DTCA will contributes
to rise health care costs without commensurate with health gains, which leads to increase in
self-medication, more refers to specialist and frequent change in medication. So, with respect
to pharmaceutical industry they all opined that DTCA should not be allowed in India.
Table 5: FACTORS OF DTCA
FACTORS THAT DRIVES DTCA FACTORS THAT DRIVES
TOWARDS DTCA AGAINST DTCA
Preventive health care. Fear of the side effects
Diagnoses of under-diagnosed Promote unnecessary visits to doctors
conditions Rising drug costs
Improving treatments Damage the doctor-patient
Give Psychological confidence relationship
Encourage patients to disclose health Influence prescription behaviour
concerns Increase in self medication
Enhance the doctor-patient Doubts regarding prescription
relationship & communication medications
Discourages the use of generic Increase confusion and difficult to
products understand
Knowledge about risk (prescription
medications)
To reduce the number of factors which drives towards and against DTCA, we have done
“FACTORIAL ANALYSIS” with the help of SPSS software (SPSS 16 version). And the
output is given below.
FACTOR ANALYSIS
Table 6: KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .682
Bartlett's Test of Approx. Chi-Square 248.870
Sphericity Df 78.000
Sig. .000
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Table 8: Total Variance Explained
Extraction Sums of Rotation Sums of
Initial Eigen values
Com Squared Loadings Squared Loadings
pone % of % of Cumul
nt % of Cumulat Cumulat
Total Total Varian Total Varianc ative
Variance ive % ive %
ce e %
1 3.070 23.616 23.616 3.070 23.616 23.616 2.959 22.758 22.758
2 2.345 18.039 41.656 2.345 18.039 41.656 1.991 15.317 38.075
3 1.366 10.507 52.163 1.366 10.507 52.163 1.567 12.054 50.129
4 1.098 8.446 60.609 1.098 8.446 60.609 1.362 10.480 60.609
5 .944 7.259 67.868
6 .784 6.032 73.900
7 .673 5.179 79.079
8 .658 5.058 84.137
9 .539 4.143 88.280
10 .458 3.519 91.799
11 .409 3.144 94.944
12 .380 2.920 97.864
13 .278 2.136 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis
Figure 1: Scree Plot
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Table 9: Rotated Component Matrix
Component
1 2 3 4
@_Preventive_health_care .757 -.040 -.284 .058
@_Diagnoses_of_underdiagnosed_conditions .662 .091 -.110 -.086
@_Improving_treatments_ .768 -.169 .065 .080
@_Give_Psychological_confidence_ .793 .143 -.044 -.078
@_Fear_of_the_side_effects .161 .368 .171 .567
@_Encourage_patients_to_disclose_health_concerns_ .654 .053 .066 .060
@_Promote_unnecessary_visits_to_doctors___ .230 .605 .128 .382
@_Enhance_the_doctorpatient_relationship__ .299 .116 -.733 .208
@_Damage_the_doctorpatient_relationship -.140 .419 .596 -.068
@_Influence_prescription_behaviour .220 .116 .653 .410
@_Rising_drug_costs -.020 .791 -.106 .116
@_Increase_in_self_medication -.023 .763 .188 -.151
@_Increase_confusion_and_difficult_to_understand .250 .132 .228 -.785
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
Interpretation of Factorial analysis
Here result of KMO test is 0.680 and four factors detects 60.609% of effect on the variables.
So, there is a high degree of communalities among the variables. Hence we can compress
above given 16 factors to four major factors. Among these four factors two are driving
towards DTCA while other two drives against DTCA.
Table 10: RESULT OF FACTOR ANALYSIS
FACTORS THAT DRIVES DTCA FACTORS THAT DRIVES
TOWARDS DTCA AGAINST DTCA
Health consciousness for treatment of Rising drug costs and self medication.
under-diagnosed conditions. Increase confusion and fear of side
Psychological confidence which leads effects.
to improving treatments.
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CONCLUSION
On the basis of data collected to know consumer perception, knowledge and behaviour about
DTCA of prescription drug, we came to conclusion that there are certain benefits and harm
associated with DTCA. Key benefits of DTCA are preventive care for under diagnosed
conditions and patient’s psychological confidence for improving treatments which must be
balanced against adverse factors like self medication, rising drug costs, confusion and fear of
side effects. From the study we can say that it will still take five to six years down the line for
an innovative concept like DTCA (prescription drugs) to be accepted in Indian market.
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