This document summarizes a study on the bacteriological contamination of drinking water in Aligarh City, India. Water samples were taken from hand pumps near major drains and lagoons and tested for E. coli contamination. The results showed E. coli levels above permissible limits, with the highest levels at Chautaal lagoon and Kaalideh at 200 and 270 coliforms per 100ml respectively. The groundwater contamination was higher near lagoons than drains, likely due to stagnant water and lack of drainage systems. The study findings indicate drinking water in the area has poor bacteriological quality due to contamination from wastewater sources.
This document summarizes a study on the bacteriological contamination of drinking water in Aligarh City, India. Water samples were taken from hand pumps near major drains and lagoons and tested for E. coli contamination. The results showed E. coli levels above permissible limits, with the highest levels at Chautaal lagoon and Kaalideh at 200 and 270 coliforms per 100ml, respectively. The groundwater contamination was higher near lagoons than drains, likely due to stagnant water and lack of drainage systems. The study findings indicate drinking water in the area has poor bacteriological quality due to contamination from wastewater sources like lagoons and drains.
Rain Water Harvesting and Impact of Microbial Pollutants on Ground Water Rese...IJERA Editor
Developing countries are under heavy stress due to continuous depletion of ground water reserves. The urban
areas are developing and growing very fast due to population growth, increase in commercial and trade
activities, national and international tourism development as trade. The local migration of rural population due
to better job opportunities. Civic amenities are also the reason for population explosion in urban areas and thus
there is increase in the demand of basic needs like water, shelter and power. Due to the overall consumption of
water in urban and rural areas which has increased many fold in the recent past, causing depletion of water subsurface
reserves due to difference in natural recharge of reservoirs and the corresponding water demand. The
ground water is an integral part of the environment and there has been a lack of adequate attention to water
conservation, water use and reuse, ground water recharge, and ecosystem sustainability. To meet with the
challenge of under ground water shortage, lowering level of water table, efforts are being made to recharge the
aquifer system by the Rain Water Harvesting (R.W.H.). This noble act needs serious thought and follow up to
achieve the aim of recharging ground water free from pollutants like pesticide, bacteria and seepage causing
infection and pollution of the existing pure source of potable water. A study has therefore undertaken to assess
the possible bacterial intrusion through the rain water penetration at the deeper water bearing aquifers.
Characterization of Physicochemical Water Quality Parameters of River Gudar (...IOSRJAC
Due to various natural and anthropogenic activities, quality of water was deteriorated in most towns of the country. These changes make or forced the community to depend on unsafe and poor water consumption. River Gudar is one of the rivers found in towns of the country, and exposed to many anthropogenic activities done around the town. Importance of river Gudar is strongly linked to Domestic consumption, Irrigation, Industrial (HAEF) and other public health. Under the investigation physicochemical parameters and selected heavy metals for the quality of river Gudar for drinking purpose were characterized. The laboratory results for both physicochemical parameters and selected heavy metals were: Alkalinity (154 ± 15.556 mg/L), pH (8.44), Electrical Conductivity (316.47 ± 72.802 Scm-1 ), TDS (149.37 ± 20.64 mg/L), Ammonia (41.00 ± 1.19 mg/L), Phosphate (3.50 ± 0.32mg/L), Total Hardness (156.87 ± 8.46 mg/L CaCO3), Sodium (17.44 ± 2.87mg/L), Potassium (8.51 ± 0.33 mg/L) and some selected heavy metals such as Cu (0.29 ± 0.04 mg/L ), Pb (2.5 ± 0.25 mg/L), Zn (0.63 ± 0.24 mg/L), Cd (0.79 ± 0.19 mg/L) and Ag (0.35 ± 0.17 mg/L) for water sample.
Assessment of Canal Sediments for Agricultural Uses - JBESInnspub Net
The study was conducted to analyze the extent of heavy metals contamination and bacteriological content in the sediments of Lahore Branch Canal. The main purpose of digging this canal was that the areas of Lahore and Kasur could be irrigated for the means of agriculture. Due to improper drainage systems of industrial sectors and residential areas the level of pollution is increasing in the canal. Sediment samples were collected from three sites located at the canal intersections namely Thokar Niaz Baig, Punjab University New Campus and Dharampura during the canal closure period in 2014 and 2015. The samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Cobalt, Zinc and Iron) by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and the bacteriological content (Total coliform) was analyzed by pour plate method. The metals Zinc, Chromium, Copper and Cobalt were detected in minute concentration. Only the concentration of iron was higher than the recommended limit. According to the Codex Alimentarius standards, all the sediments samples were in safe limits. The Total coliform concentrations for the areas Thokar Niaz Baig, Punjab University and Dharampura were 2500, 5000 and 6000 colonies in year 2014 respectively. In 2015 the colonies of total coliform were found to be 1100, 4130 and 6400 in the same areas respectively. When these sediments are used for agricultural purposes the deposited metals present in them pose harm to the crops. When crops are eaten by human, the metals ultimately get transferred to human. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/assessment-of-canal-sediments-for-agricultural-uses/
Orissa gw wq monitoring and modelling of taldanda canal, orissahydrologyproject0
This document discusses various sources of water pollution including industrial, municipal, agricultural, natural, stormwater, and landfill sources. It describes the types of pollutants that can originate from each source, such as chemicals, nutrients, pathogens, and debris. The document also outlines objectives for studying water quality issues in the Taldanda Canal, including developing water quality models, establishing parameters, and analyzing physical processes like advection, dispersion, and reaction phenomena.
Water quality analysis of bhishma lake at gadag cityeSAT Journals
Abstract The water bodies are facing a severe threat of pollution all over the world. Eutrophication in lakes is widespread world and the severity is increasing especially in the developing countries like India. The main objective is to study t haell eoffveecrt st hoef pwoelrleu ticoonll eocf tweda tefrro qmu aJlaitnyu ianr yB htios hAmpar illa kaen dd ubei -tmo ornatphildy utrebsatsn iwzaetrieo nc aanrrdi etdo ioduetn. tiTfyh eth pe hsyosuicrcoe-cs hoefm pioclalul tciohna rianc ltaekries.t iTchs eo sfa mwaptleers sdaismsopllvees dl iokxey gpeHn,, tBuOrbDid iwtye,r ea lakanlailnyiztye,d tiont aol rdhearr dtnoe sdse,t etromtailn ed itshseo llveevde ls oolfi dcso,n ntaitmraintea,n tpsh porsepsheantte ,i nc hlalokrei dwe,a tpeor taasnsdiu imts, psoosdsiiubmle, smoidtiiguamti,o nni tmraetaes, uprheso.s pWhaatteer, pqoutaalsitsiieusm s,u Dchi ssaos lvpeHd, OTxoytagle nD i(sDsoOlv) eadn sdo lBidios c(hTeDmSic),a lt uOrbxiydgietyn, Dalekmalainnidty ,( BtoOtDal) ,h aCrhdenmesicsa, lc hOloxyrigdeen, sDheomwaendd t h(CatO tDhe) wtoetrael dheatredrnmeisnse, dt ufrobri dwitayt,e rto staaml dpilsesso clvoellde cstoeldid fsr oamnd f iavelk astlaintiiotyn sv ainlu leask ee.x cTeheed iannga ltyhsei sd oesf irlaakbele w laimteirt paanrda mdueete rtos pCrheesmeniccael oOf xoyrggeann icD aenmda nindo r(gCaOnDic) phoallsu tiannctrse aDsiesdso lwvehdic hO xsyhgoewns (DthOe ) phoaosr reqduuaclietdy , oBfi owchaetemr icaanl dO ixsy gneont Dsueimtaabnlde (fBoOr Dh)u manadn consumption these values have been graphically plotted. Keywords: Lake Water Quality analysis, BOD, COD.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the impact of wastewater leaching from Madduana drain in Faisalabad, Pakistan on local groundwater quality. Wastewater and groundwater samples were collected from areas near the drain and analyzed for various water quality parameters. The study found that parameters like COD, BOD, TDS, and hardness in the wastewater exceeded national standards and that the quality of groundwater in the area was unsuitable for drinking or agricultural purposes due to pollution from wastewater leaching into the aquifer. The research concluded that wastewater treatment is needed at industries discharging into the drain to prevent further deterioration of groundwater resources.
Status of Heavy metal pollution in Mithi river: Then and NowIJRES Journal
The Mithi River runs through the heart of suburban Mumbai. Its path of flow has been severely
damaged due to industrialization and urbanization. The quality of water has been deteriorating ever since. The
Municipal and industrial effluents are discharged in unchecked amounts. The municipal discharge comprises
untreated domestic and sewage wastes whereas the industries are majorly discharge chemicals and other toxic
effluents which are responsible in increasing the metal load of the river. In the current study, the water is
analysed for heavy metals- Copper, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead and Nickel. It also includes a brief
understanding on the fluctuations that have occurred in the heavy metal pollution, through the compilation of
studies carried out in the area previously.
This document summarizes a study on the bacteriological contamination of drinking water in Aligarh City, India. Water samples were taken from hand pumps near major drains and lagoons and tested for E. coli contamination. The results showed E. coli levels above permissible limits, with the highest levels at Chautaal lagoon and Kaalideh at 200 and 270 coliforms per 100ml, respectively. The groundwater contamination was higher near lagoons than drains, likely due to stagnant water and lack of drainage systems. The study findings indicate drinking water in the area has poor bacteriological quality due to contamination from wastewater sources like lagoons and drains.
Rain Water Harvesting and Impact of Microbial Pollutants on Ground Water Rese...IJERA Editor
Developing countries are under heavy stress due to continuous depletion of ground water reserves. The urban
areas are developing and growing very fast due to population growth, increase in commercial and trade
activities, national and international tourism development as trade. The local migration of rural population due
to better job opportunities. Civic amenities are also the reason for population explosion in urban areas and thus
there is increase in the demand of basic needs like water, shelter and power. Due to the overall consumption of
water in urban and rural areas which has increased many fold in the recent past, causing depletion of water subsurface
reserves due to difference in natural recharge of reservoirs and the corresponding water demand. The
ground water is an integral part of the environment and there has been a lack of adequate attention to water
conservation, water use and reuse, ground water recharge, and ecosystem sustainability. To meet with the
challenge of under ground water shortage, lowering level of water table, efforts are being made to recharge the
aquifer system by the Rain Water Harvesting (R.W.H.). This noble act needs serious thought and follow up to
achieve the aim of recharging ground water free from pollutants like pesticide, bacteria and seepage causing
infection and pollution of the existing pure source of potable water. A study has therefore undertaken to assess
the possible bacterial intrusion through the rain water penetration at the deeper water bearing aquifers.
Characterization of Physicochemical Water Quality Parameters of River Gudar (...IOSRJAC
Due to various natural and anthropogenic activities, quality of water was deteriorated in most towns of the country. These changes make or forced the community to depend on unsafe and poor water consumption. River Gudar is one of the rivers found in towns of the country, and exposed to many anthropogenic activities done around the town. Importance of river Gudar is strongly linked to Domestic consumption, Irrigation, Industrial (HAEF) and other public health. Under the investigation physicochemical parameters and selected heavy metals for the quality of river Gudar for drinking purpose were characterized. The laboratory results for both physicochemical parameters and selected heavy metals were: Alkalinity (154 ± 15.556 mg/L), pH (8.44), Electrical Conductivity (316.47 ± 72.802 Scm-1 ), TDS (149.37 ± 20.64 mg/L), Ammonia (41.00 ± 1.19 mg/L), Phosphate (3.50 ± 0.32mg/L), Total Hardness (156.87 ± 8.46 mg/L CaCO3), Sodium (17.44 ± 2.87mg/L), Potassium (8.51 ± 0.33 mg/L) and some selected heavy metals such as Cu (0.29 ± 0.04 mg/L ), Pb (2.5 ± 0.25 mg/L), Zn (0.63 ± 0.24 mg/L), Cd (0.79 ± 0.19 mg/L) and Ag (0.35 ± 0.17 mg/L) for water sample.
Assessment of Canal Sediments for Agricultural Uses - JBESInnspub Net
The study was conducted to analyze the extent of heavy metals contamination and bacteriological content in the sediments of Lahore Branch Canal. The main purpose of digging this canal was that the areas of Lahore and Kasur could be irrigated for the means of agriculture. Due to improper drainage systems of industrial sectors and residential areas the level of pollution is increasing in the canal. Sediment samples were collected from three sites located at the canal intersections namely Thokar Niaz Baig, Punjab University New Campus and Dharampura during the canal closure period in 2014 and 2015. The samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Cobalt, Zinc and Iron) by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and the bacteriological content (Total coliform) was analyzed by pour plate method. The metals Zinc, Chromium, Copper and Cobalt were detected in minute concentration. Only the concentration of iron was higher than the recommended limit. According to the Codex Alimentarius standards, all the sediments samples were in safe limits. The Total coliform concentrations for the areas Thokar Niaz Baig, Punjab University and Dharampura were 2500, 5000 and 6000 colonies in year 2014 respectively. In 2015 the colonies of total coliform were found to be 1100, 4130 and 6400 in the same areas respectively. When these sediments are used for agricultural purposes the deposited metals present in them pose harm to the crops. When crops are eaten by human, the metals ultimately get transferred to human. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/assessment-of-canal-sediments-for-agricultural-uses/
Orissa gw wq monitoring and modelling of taldanda canal, orissahydrologyproject0
This document discusses various sources of water pollution including industrial, municipal, agricultural, natural, stormwater, and landfill sources. It describes the types of pollutants that can originate from each source, such as chemicals, nutrients, pathogens, and debris. The document also outlines objectives for studying water quality issues in the Taldanda Canal, including developing water quality models, establishing parameters, and analyzing physical processes like advection, dispersion, and reaction phenomena.
Water quality analysis of bhishma lake at gadag cityeSAT Journals
Abstract The water bodies are facing a severe threat of pollution all over the world. Eutrophication in lakes is widespread world and the severity is increasing especially in the developing countries like India. The main objective is to study t haell eoffveecrt st hoef pwoelrleu ticoonll eocf tweda tefrro qmu aJlaitnyu ianr yB htios hAmpar illa kaen dd ubei -tmo ornatphildy utrebsatsn iwzaetrieo nc aanrrdi etdo ioduetn. tiTfyh eth pe hsyosuicrcoe-cs hoefm pioclalul tciohna rianc ltaekries.t iTchs eo sfa mwaptleers sdaismsopllvees dl iokxey gpeHn,, tBuOrbDid iwtye,r ea lakanlailnyiztye,d tiont aol rdhearr dtnoe sdse,t etromtailn ed itshseo llveevde ls oolfi dcso,n ntaitmraintea,n tpsh porsepsheantte ,i nc hlalokrei dwe,a tpeor taasnsdiu imts, psoosdsiiubmle, smoidtiiguamti,o nni tmraetaes, uprheso.s pWhaatteer, pqoutaalsitsiieusm s,u Dchi ssaos lvpeHd, OTxoytagle nD i(sDsoOlv) eadn sdo lBidios c(hTeDmSic),a lt uOrbxiydgietyn, Dalekmalainnidty ,( BtoOtDal) ,h aCrhdenmesicsa, lc hOloxyrigdeen, sDheomwaendd t h(CatO tDhe) wtoetrael dheatredrnmeisnse, dt ufrobri dwitayt,e rto staaml dpilsesso clvoellde cstoeldid fsr oamnd f iavelk astlaintiiotyn sv ainlu leask ee.x cTeheed iannga ltyhsei sd oesf irlaakbele w laimteirt paanrda mdueete rtos pCrheesmeniccael oOf xoyrggeann icD aenmda nindo r(gCaOnDic) phoallsu tiannctrse aDsiesdso lwvehdic hO xsyhgoewns (DthOe ) phoaosr reqduuaclietdy , oBfi owchaetemr icaanl dO ixsy gneont Dsueimtaabnlde (fBoOr Dh)u manadn consumption these values have been graphically plotted. Keywords: Lake Water Quality analysis, BOD, COD.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the impact of wastewater leaching from Madduana drain in Faisalabad, Pakistan on local groundwater quality. Wastewater and groundwater samples were collected from areas near the drain and analyzed for various water quality parameters. The study found that parameters like COD, BOD, TDS, and hardness in the wastewater exceeded national standards and that the quality of groundwater in the area was unsuitable for drinking or agricultural purposes due to pollution from wastewater leaching into the aquifer. The research concluded that wastewater treatment is needed at industries discharging into the drain to prevent further deterioration of groundwater resources.
Status of Heavy metal pollution in Mithi river: Then and NowIJRES Journal
The Mithi River runs through the heart of suburban Mumbai. Its path of flow has been severely
damaged due to industrialization and urbanization. The quality of water has been deteriorating ever since. The
Municipal and industrial effluents are discharged in unchecked amounts. The municipal discharge comprises
untreated domestic and sewage wastes whereas the industries are majorly discharge chemicals and other toxic
effluents which are responsible in increasing the metal load of the river. In the current study, the water is
analysed for heavy metals- Copper, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead and Nickel. It also includes a brief
understanding on the fluctuations that have occurred in the heavy metal pollution, through the compilation of
studies carried out in the area previously.
This document presents a study on assessing water quality in Chandrapur City, India using a Water Quality Index (WQI). Water samples were collected from 6 locations in the city during rainy and winter seasons. The samples were analyzed for 10 parameters and the WQI was calculated using a weighted arithmetic index method. The results found that most locations had WQI values indicating water quality from poor to unsuitable for drinking, and quality deteriorated from rainy to winter season due to increased microbial activity. The study demonstrated that WQI is useful for evaluating overall water quality and comparing different locations.
USING BIOABSORBENTS TO REDUCE RIVER WATER POLLUTION: A REVIEWijiert bestjournal
In present scenario,the river water has become wastewater due to disposal of city waste through which it flows. Most of the existing wastewater treatment plants are getting overload because of unexpected rapid urbanization and due to change in life style of common man. With such a pitch dark fut ure of fresh water we have to think out of the box for new,better and efficient treatment method. In the recent years biosorption have emerged as an economical and environmental friendly method for the decontamination of polluted water in which impurities sequestering by different parts of the cell can occur via various processes:complexation,chelation,coordination,ion exchange,precipitation,and reduction. Biosorption is a process with some unique characteristics. It can effectively sequester dissolved metal s from very dilute complex solutions with high efficiency. This makes biosorption an ideal candidate for the trea tment of high volume low concentration complex waste-waters.. The paper reviews the work carried out by different researchers about the topic and discusses the remedies in brief. The paper is a part of series of research papers under whic h the objectives stated below are studied and researched.
This document summarizes an article that examines the impact of industrial effluents on water quality in Nigerian rivers. It finds that industrial wastewater entering water bodies represents a major source of pollution, affecting water quality, microbes, and aquatic life. Characteristics of industrial effluents like turbidity, conductivity, COD, TSS, BOD, and hardness are abnormal. The effluents contain nutrients that promote growth of coliform bacteria and other microbes. Sources of industrial effluents discussed include the pharmaceutical, soap and detergent, textile, food and beverage, pulp and paper industries. The effluents introduce pollutants like heavy metals, pathogens, and decomposing organic waste that deterior
Impact of industries on ground water quality by comparison between hoshangaba...eSAT Journals
Abstract India is a developing country, so the industrialization is increasing day by day. Industrialization shows the growth of country but these industries also effects the ground water quality, in a direct manner as well as indirect manner. My case study aim to show impact of industries on ground water quality by comparison between an industrial (Mandideep) and non-industrial (Hoshangabad) area. For this, four different source of different locations are selected for analyzing the parameter pH, Total Hardness, Sulphate,Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), T.D.S., T.H., T.A ,compared theses result to WHO and ISI standards and also these parameters compared between both the cities. Keywords: Ground water quality, Pollution, Lake
IRJET - Assessment of Physiochemical Parameters of Surface WaterIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study assessing the physiochemical parameters of surface water in different locations in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. Water samples were collected from 6 sites and tested for various parameters including pH, turbidity, alkalinity, chloride, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and conductivity. The results of each parameter at each site are presented in tables. In general, the values were within permissible limits but increasing pollution from domestic waste, sewage, and industrial waste poses a threat to water quality and the environment if not properly managed. The study aims to monitor water quality and identify issues in order to protect this vital resource.
Trace metals contamination of groundwater in and around tannery industrial ar...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Analysis of Groundwater Quality of Usilampatti Region in TamilnaduIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the groundwater quality of the Usilampatti region in Tamil Nadu, India. Water samples were collected from 5 bore wells and tested for various physico-chemical parameters. The results found that temperature, phosphate and calcium levels exceeded standards in some samples. Total hardness, alkalinity, chlorides and conductivity were also high in few samples. This indicates that the groundwater is contaminated and unfit for drinking and domestic use without treatment. Rainwater harvesting is suggested to minimize inorganic chemical levels in groundwater and regular monitoring is needed to prevent further pollution.
Water quality variables from peerwadi well, uranPrabhakar Pawar
Physico-chemical characteristics of water are of vital concern to human as it is directly related to human health.
Water quality is an important criterion used for evaluating the suitability of water for drinking, irrigation and recreation.
During present investigation, water quality variables of ground water were assessed from Peerwadi open well of Uran Beach, Dist
– Raigad, Navi Mumbai from October 2010 to August 2013. Various physico-chemical parameters assessed includes pH, Temperature, Total solids (TS), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total suspended solids (TSS), Conductance, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Salinity, Chloride, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium hardness and Magnesium
hardness. This study reveals that except the high values of chlorides and salinity, values of other physico-chemical variables are within the guideline values of WHO Standard for potable water. The quality of water from Peerwadi open well of Uran Beach was found to be safe and utilizable for drinking and other purposes.
IRJET - Environmental Impact Assessment of Ground Water Quality around Ve...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the environmental impact of groundwater quality around the Vellalore dumping yard in Coimbatore, India. It finds that parameters like total dissolved solids, hardness, chlorides, fluorides, turbidity and alkalinity exceed permissible limits, indicating the groundwater is unsuitable for human use. A water quality index was calculated using a weighted arithmetic method and found the water quality rating around the dumping yard ranges from poor to very poor. A health survey also found higher rates of diseases like asthma, fever and dysentery among people living near the landfill site, suggesting environmental pollution is negatively impacting human health in the area.
Seasonal Variations in Physico-Chemical Parameter of Groundwater in Bhimavara...IJERD Editor
Physico-chemical analysis of open well water samples was carried out from 10 sampling locations
in Bhimavaram town during three seasons namely summer, rainy and winter of 2012-‟13 are presented. The
quality analysis was made through the estimation of physico-chemical parameters such as pH,
Turbidity, EC, TDS, Cl–, SO4
2–, NO3
–, PO4
3–, D.O, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, F–, Na+, K+ and BOD. Each parameter was
compared with its standard permissible limit as prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO) and BIS
standard to assess the suitability of drinking and domestic purposes. The analytical results of groundwater
samples shows that that certain parameters namely PH, D.O and Fluoride were found within the desirable limits
by BIS. However, Turbidity, EC, TH, TDS, BOD, Chloride, Sulphate, Phosphate, Nitrate, Sodium, Potassium,
Calcium, were exceding the desirable limit throughout the investigation period in all locations.The results of
analysis reveal that the ground water of the area was not suitable for human consumption and domestic use due
to the influence saltwater intrusion, sewage, Industrial effluents and high urban concentration are the probable
sources for the variation of water quality in the study area
Water Pollution is an undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological characteristics of water. Human population explosion, rapid industrialization, deforestation, unplanned urbanization, scientific and technological advancement etc. are mainly responsible for the pollution crisis on the earth.
Wastewater from manufacturing or chemical processes in industries contributes to water pollution. Industrial wastewater usually contains specific and readily identifiable chemical compounds.
During the last fifty years, the number of industries in India has grown rapidly. But water pollution is concentrated within a few sub sectors, mainly in the form of toxic wastes and organic pollutants. Out of this a large portion can be traced to the processing of industrial chemicals and to the food products industry.
The effects of water pollution are not only devastating to people but also to animals, fish, and birds. Polluted water is unsuitable for drinking, recreation, agriculture, and industry. It diminishes the aesthetic quality of lakes and rivers. More seriously, contaminated water destroys aquatic life and reduces its reproductive ability. Eventually, it is a hazard to human health. Nobody can escape the effects of water pollution.
Most major industries have treatment facilities for industrial effluents. But this is not the case with small-scale industries, which cannot afford enormous investments in pollution control equipment, as their profit margin is very slender. So the present study may be helpful for finding out methods for the treatment of effluents in batch scale that are cost effective so that small-scale industries can treat their wastes before releasing them into the environment.
This document summarizes a study that characterized the quality of wastewater from major drains in Lahore City, Pakistan and assessed its suitability for irrigation. Samples were collected from 8 drains in winter and spring and analyzed for various parameters. Many parameters exceeded standards for irrigation. Long term use of this wastewater for irrigation poses risks to soil quality, accumulation of heavy metals in crops, and potential health impacts. The wastewater quality in the drains needs improvement to reduce pollution and risks to the environment, agriculture and public health.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Study and Analysis of Changes in Water Quality of Gomti River at diffe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing changes in water quality of the Gomti River at different locations in India. Samples were collected from three sites on the river - Sitapur, Lucknow, and Sultanpur - during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The samples were analyzed for various physicochemical parameters including temperature, pH, BOD, COD, dissolved oxygen, hardness, alkalinity, and total dissolved solids. The results found that water quality varied between locations and seasons, with some sites showing higher levels of pollution based on certain parameters such as BOD, COD, and total dissolved solids. In conclusion, the study provided data on water quality along the Gomti River and showed
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Quality status of groundwater around industrial area for irrigationIAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study on the quality status of groundwater around an industrial area in Mandya district, Karnataka, India for irrigation purposes. 96 groundwater samples were collected from 16 locations around the Tubinakere industrial area and analyzed. The results showed that some locations had groundwater with high salinity, alkalinity, and sodicity levels that could pose hazards for irrigation. Permanent hardness, salinity, and alkalinity hazards were identified in the groundwater around some agricultural lands near the industrial area based on analyses of parameters like electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride concentrations. The dominant ions in the groundwater that could be contributing to specific ion toxicity were
IRJET- Characterization of Ground Water based on Water Quality Index in Bhatk...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes water quality in Bhatkal Taluk, Karnataka, India. Thirteen groundwater samples were collected from wells and tested for various physicochemical parameters including pH, hardness, alkalinity, chlorides, dissolved oxygen, etc. A water quality index (WQI) was calculated for each sample based on these parameters to classify the water quality on a scale of excellent to unsuitable. The WQI values ranged from 7.74 to 20.72 in the first sampling, indicating poor to very poor water quality. Subsequent samplings also produced WQI scores pointing to poor quality water that may require treatment before consumption. The study aims to assess groundwater quality in the region and raise public awareness about drinking
Study of ground water in perungudi area of chennaiAlexander Decker
This study analyzed groundwater quality near a municipal solid waste dumping ground in Perungudi, Chennai, India. 15 groundwater samples were collected from wells at varying distances from the dump site. Sample water quality parameters like pH, turbidity, dissolved solids, chlorides, and biological oxygen demand were tested against Bureau of Indian Standards drinking water standards. Results found that samples closer to the dump site had higher contaminant levels of things like fluorine and manganese compared to samples farther away, indicating leakage of pollutants from the waste into the local groundwater. The study aims to evaluate groundwater pollution near the waste disposal site and suggest it should not be used for drinking unless it meets standards.
Awareness of digital library among library professional inprjpublications
This document summarizes a study on the awareness of digital libraries among library professionals in Dindigul District, India. It used questionnaires and interviews of 50 library professionals. The study found that 32% of respondents were aged 41-50, 30% had a Master's in library science, and 44% were aware of open source digital library software. Overall, 66% had a favorable opinion of digital libraries and 60% were aware of the concept, with 72% interested in applying digital libraries. The study concluded digital libraries are useful assessment tools that allow for sharing of materials.
The document discusses facial expression analysis using 3D animation. It describes capturing facial motion data using markers, selecting feature points on the human face and 3D model, then animating the model by moving the feature points and their neighboring vertices based on the motion data. Tools for studying facial expressions like the Facial Action Coding System and 3D databases with thousands of expression models from different subjects are also summarized. The goal is to generate realistic facial animations from text or speech by understanding the underlying muscle movements that create expressions.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed Indian scientific literature in veterinary sciences from 1999-2011. Some key findings include:
- A total of 5,468 publications were analyzed, with the majority (99.09%) being journal articles.
- Research output grew steadily from 1999-2008 but declined in 2009-2010.
- The most common authorship patterns were papers with 3 or 4 authors, indicating collaborative work is prevalent.
- The author with the most publications was Kumar, A. from Punjab Agricultural University with 94 papers.
This document presents a study on assessing water quality in Chandrapur City, India using a Water Quality Index (WQI). Water samples were collected from 6 locations in the city during rainy and winter seasons. The samples were analyzed for 10 parameters and the WQI was calculated using a weighted arithmetic index method. The results found that most locations had WQI values indicating water quality from poor to unsuitable for drinking, and quality deteriorated from rainy to winter season due to increased microbial activity. The study demonstrated that WQI is useful for evaluating overall water quality and comparing different locations.
USING BIOABSORBENTS TO REDUCE RIVER WATER POLLUTION: A REVIEWijiert bestjournal
In present scenario,the river water has become wastewater due to disposal of city waste through which it flows. Most of the existing wastewater treatment plants are getting overload because of unexpected rapid urbanization and due to change in life style of common man. With such a pitch dark fut ure of fresh water we have to think out of the box for new,better and efficient treatment method. In the recent years biosorption have emerged as an economical and environmental friendly method for the decontamination of polluted water in which impurities sequestering by different parts of the cell can occur via various processes:complexation,chelation,coordination,ion exchange,precipitation,and reduction. Biosorption is a process with some unique characteristics. It can effectively sequester dissolved metal s from very dilute complex solutions with high efficiency. This makes biosorption an ideal candidate for the trea tment of high volume low concentration complex waste-waters.. The paper reviews the work carried out by different researchers about the topic and discusses the remedies in brief. The paper is a part of series of research papers under whic h the objectives stated below are studied and researched.
This document summarizes an article that examines the impact of industrial effluents on water quality in Nigerian rivers. It finds that industrial wastewater entering water bodies represents a major source of pollution, affecting water quality, microbes, and aquatic life. Characteristics of industrial effluents like turbidity, conductivity, COD, TSS, BOD, and hardness are abnormal. The effluents contain nutrients that promote growth of coliform bacteria and other microbes. Sources of industrial effluents discussed include the pharmaceutical, soap and detergent, textile, food and beverage, pulp and paper industries. The effluents introduce pollutants like heavy metals, pathogens, and decomposing organic waste that deterior
Impact of industries on ground water quality by comparison between hoshangaba...eSAT Journals
Abstract India is a developing country, so the industrialization is increasing day by day. Industrialization shows the growth of country but these industries also effects the ground water quality, in a direct manner as well as indirect manner. My case study aim to show impact of industries on ground water quality by comparison between an industrial (Mandideep) and non-industrial (Hoshangabad) area. For this, four different source of different locations are selected for analyzing the parameter pH, Total Hardness, Sulphate,Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), T.D.S., T.H., T.A ,compared theses result to WHO and ISI standards and also these parameters compared between both the cities. Keywords: Ground water quality, Pollution, Lake
IRJET - Assessment of Physiochemical Parameters of Surface WaterIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study assessing the physiochemical parameters of surface water in different locations in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. Water samples were collected from 6 sites and tested for various parameters including pH, turbidity, alkalinity, chloride, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, and conductivity. The results of each parameter at each site are presented in tables. In general, the values were within permissible limits but increasing pollution from domestic waste, sewage, and industrial waste poses a threat to water quality and the environment if not properly managed. The study aims to monitor water quality and identify issues in order to protect this vital resource.
Trace metals contamination of groundwater in and around tannery industrial ar...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Analysis of Groundwater Quality of Usilampatti Region in TamilnaduIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the groundwater quality of the Usilampatti region in Tamil Nadu, India. Water samples were collected from 5 bore wells and tested for various physico-chemical parameters. The results found that temperature, phosphate and calcium levels exceeded standards in some samples. Total hardness, alkalinity, chlorides and conductivity were also high in few samples. This indicates that the groundwater is contaminated and unfit for drinking and domestic use without treatment. Rainwater harvesting is suggested to minimize inorganic chemical levels in groundwater and regular monitoring is needed to prevent further pollution.
Water quality variables from peerwadi well, uranPrabhakar Pawar
Physico-chemical characteristics of water are of vital concern to human as it is directly related to human health.
Water quality is an important criterion used for evaluating the suitability of water for drinking, irrigation and recreation.
During present investigation, water quality variables of ground water were assessed from Peerwadi open well of Uran Beach, Dist
– Raigad, Navi Mumbai from October 2010 to August 2013. Various physico-chemical parameters assessed includes pH, Temperature, Total solids (TS), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total suspended solids (TSS), Conductance, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Salinity, Chloride, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium hardness and Magnesium
hardness. This study reveals that except the high values of chlorides and salinity, values of other physico-chemical variables are within the guideline values of WHO Standard for potable water. The quality of water from Peerwadi open well of Uran Beach was found to be safe and utilizable for drinking and other purposes.
IRJET - Environmental Impact Assessment of Ground Water Quality around Ve...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the environmental impact of groundwater quality around the Vellalore dumping yard in Coimbatore, India. It finds that parameters like total dissolved solids, hardness, chlorides, fluorides, turbidity and alkalinity exceed permissible limits, indicating the groundwater is unsuitable for human use. A water quality index was calculated using a weighted arithmetic method and found the water quality rating around the dumping yard ranges from poor to very poor. A health survey also found higher rates of diseases like asthma, fever and dysentery among people living near the landfill site, suggesting environmental pollution is negatively impacting human health in the area.
Seasonal Variations in Physico-Chemical Parameter of Groundwater in Bhimavara...IJERD Editor
Physico-chemical analysis of open well water samples was carried out from 10 sampling locations
in Bhimavaram town during three seasons namely summer, rainy and winter of 2012-‟13 are presented. The
quality analysis was made through the estimation of physico-chemical parameters such as pH,
Turbidity, EC, TDS, Cl–, SO4
2–, NO3
–, PO4
3–, D.O, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, F–, Na+, K+ and BOD. Each parameter was
compared with its standard permissible limit as prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO) and BIS
standard to assess the suitability of drinking and domestic purposes. The analytical results of groundwater
samples shows that that certain parameters namely PH, D.O and Fluoride were found within the desirable limits
by BIS. However, Turbidity, EC, TH, TDS, BOD, Chloride, Sulphate, Phosphate, Nitrate, Sodium, Potassium,
Calcium, were exceding the desirable limit throughout the investigation period in all locations.The results of
analysis reveal that the ground water of the area was not suitable for human consumption and domestic use due
to the influence saltwater intrusion, sewage, Industrial effluents and high urban concentration are the probable
sources for the variation of water quality in the study area
Water Pollution is an undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological characteristics of water. Human population explosion, rapid industrialization, deforestation, unplanned urbanization, scientific and technological advancement etc. are mainly responsible for the pollution crisis on the earth.
Wastewater from manufacturing or chemical processes in industries contributes to water pollution. Industrial wastewater usually contains specific and readily identifiable chemical compounds.
During the last fifty years, the number of industries in India has grown rapidly. But water pollution is concentrated within a few sub sectors, mainly in the form of toxic wastes and organic pollutants. Out of this a large portion can be traced to the processing of industrial chemicals and to the food products industry.
The effects of water pollution are not only devastating to people but also to animals, fish, and birds. Polluted water is unsuitable for drinking, recreation, agriculture, and industry. It diminishes the aesthetic quality of lakes and rivers. More seriously, contaminated water destroys aquatic life and reduces its reproductive ability. Eventually, it is a hazard to human health. Nobody can escape the effects of water pollution.
Most major industries have treatment facilities for industrial effluents. But this is not the case with small-scale industries, which cannot afford enormous investments in pollution control equipment, as their profit margin is very slender. So the present study may be helpful for finding out methods for the treatment of effluents in batch scale that are cost effective so that small-scale industries can treat their wastes before releasing them into the environment.
This document summarizes a study that characterized the quality of wastewater from major drains in Lahore City, Pakistan and assessed its suitability for irrigation. Samples were collected from 8 drains in winter and spring and analyzed for various parameters. Many parameters exceeded standards for irrigation. Long term use of this wastewater for irrigation poses risks to soil quality, accumulation of heavy metals in crops, and potential health impacts. The wastewater quality in the drains needs improvement to reduce pollution and risks to the environment, agriculture and public health.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Study and Analysis of Changes in Water Quality of Gomti River at diffe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing changes in water quality of the Gomti River at different locations in India. Samples were collected from three sites on the river - Sitapur, Lucknow, and Sultanpur - during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The samples were analyzed for various physicochemical parameters including temperature, pH, BOD, COD, dissolved oxygen, hardness, alkalinity, and total dissolved solids. The results found that water quality varied between locations and seasons, with some sites showing higher levels of pollution based on certain parameters such as BOD, COD, and total dissolved solids. In conclusion, the study provided data on water quality along the Gomti River and showed
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Quality status of groundwater around industrial area for irrigationIAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study on the quality status of groundwater around an industrial area in Mandya district, Karnataka, India for irrigation purposes. 96 groundwater samples were collected from 16 locations around the Tubinakere industrial area and analyzed. The results showed that some locations had groundwater with high salinity, alkalinity, and sodicity levels that could pose hazards for irrigation. Permanent hardness, salinity, and alkalinity hazards were identified in the groundwater around some agricultural lands near the industrial area based on analyses of parameters like electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride concentrations. The dominant ions in the groundwater that could be contributing to specific ion toxicity were
IRJET- Characterization of Ground Water based on Water Quality Index in Bhatk...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes water quality in Bhatkal Taluk, Karnataka, India. Thirteen groundwater samples were collected from wells and tested for various physicochemical parameters including pH, hardness, alkalinity, chlorides, dissolved oxygen, etc. A water quality index (WQI) was calculated for each sample based on these parameters to classify the water quality on a scale of excellent to unsuitable. The WQI values ranged from 7.74 to 20.72 in the first sampling, indicating poor to very poor water quality. Subsequent samplings also produced WQI scores pointing to poor quality water that may require treatment before consumption. The study aims to assess groundwater quality in the region and raise public awareness about drinking
Study of ground water in perungudi area of chennaiAlexander Decker
This study analyzed groundwater quality near a municipal solid waste dumping ground in Perungudi, Chennai, India. 15 groundwater samples were collected from wells at varying distances from the dump site. Sample water quality parameters like pH, turbidity, dissolved solids, chlorides, and biological oxygen demand were tested against Bureau of Indian Standards drinking water standards. Results found that samples closer to the dump site had higher contaminant levels of things like fluorine and manganese compared to samples farther away, indicating leakage of pollutants from the waste into the local groundwater. The study aims to evaluate groundwater pollution near the waste disposal site and suggest it should not be used for drinking unless it meets standards.
Awareness of digital library among library professional inprjpublications
This document summarizes a study on the awareness of digital libraries among library professionals in Dindigul District, India. It used questionnaires and interviews of 50 library professionals. The study found that 32% of respondents were aged 41-50, 30% had a Master's in library science, and 44% were aware of open source digital library software. Overall, 66% had a favorable opinion of digital libraries and 60% were aware of the concept, with 72% interested in applying digital libraries. The study concluded digital libraries are useful assessment tools that allow for sharing of materials.
The document discusses facial expression analysis using 3D animation. It describes capturing facial motion data using markers, selecting feature points on the human face and 3D model, then animating the model by moving the feature points and their neighboring vertices based on the motion data. Tools for studying facial expressions like the Facial Action Coding System and 3D databases with thousands of expression models from different subjects are also summarized. The goal is to generate realistic facial animations from text or speech by understanding the underlying muscle movements that create expressions.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed Indian scientific literature in veterinary sciences from 1999-2011. Some key findings include:
- A total of 5,468 publications were analyzed, with the majority (99.09%) being journal articles.
- Research output grew steadily from 1999-2008 but declined in 2009-2010.
- The most common authorship patterns were papers with 3 or 4 authors, indicating collaborative work is prevalent.
- The author with the most publications was Kumar, A. from Punjab Agricultural University with 94 papers.
This document summarizes a study on the importance of human capital management in the IT industry. The study was conducted through surveys of 50 employees in IT companies in Chennai. The results showed that most employees felt motivated and dedicated towards their jobs. Training received was effective but could be improved by better matching it to individual needs. Education needs were ranked highest by employees. The document concludes that focusing on attracting and retaining talented employees, providing appropriate training and compensation, and ensuring good communication and teamwork can help organizations achieve their goals and improve employee performance and satisfaction.
The document describes a method for tracking objects of deformable shapes in images. It proposes representing the matching of a deformable template to an image as a minimum cost cyclic path in a product space of the template and image. An energy functional is introduced that consists of a data term favoring strong image gradients, a shape consistency term favoring similar tangent angles, and an elastic penalty. Optimization is performed using a minimum ratio cycle algorithm parallelized on GPUs. This provides efficient, pixel-accurate segmentation and correspondence between template and image curve. The method can be extended to 4D to segment and track multiple deformable anatomical structures in medical images.
Demographic factors influence on the entrepreneurial intention among students...prjpublications
This document summarizes a journal article that examines the influence of demographic factors on entrepreneurial intention among students in Chennai, India. It finds that gender, age, education level, family income, father's occupation and education level positively influence entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, the study found that male students, older students, and those with higher family incomes or more educated fathers exhibited stronger entrepreneurial intentions. Regression analysis showed demographic factors explained 76% of the variation in entrepreneurial intention among the students studied.
An improvement in history based weighted voting algorithm for safety critical...prjpublications
The document discusses a novel history-based weighted voting algorithm for safety-critical systems. It first reviews existing majority and weighted average voting algorithms and their limitations. It then proposes a new algorithm that assigns weights dynamically based on fuzzy logic assessments of module agreement and each module's historical reliability. The algorithm is evaluated experimentally against triple modular redundancy and shown to provide near 100% safety with two error-free modules or better results than existing algorithms with one or multiple errors. It concludes the new approach offers a better compromise between safety and availability for safety-critical applications.
This document discusses organizational commitment among faculty members at technical institutes in India. It begins with an abstract that introduces the topic of studying how gender, age, and experience impact faculty commitment. The introduction provides context on changes happening in work organization and the importance of employee commitment. The literature review covers definitions of commitment, its components, antecedents like personal characteristics, and outcomes like attendance. The rationale section discusses the importance of commitment among educational institution employees and states the problem being addressed is understanding how working conditions and rewards impact teacher commitment at technical institutes.
5 a study of bacteriological contamination ofprjpublications
This document summarizes a study on the bacteriological contamination of drinking water in Aligarh City, India. Water samples were taken from hand pumps near major drains and lagoons and tested for E. coli contamination. The results showed E. coli levels above permissible limits, with the highest levels found near Kaalideh at 270 E. coli/ml. The study indicates that drinking water in the area has significant bacteriological contamination from sources like sewage, wastewater, and agricultural runoff entering the groundwater system via drains and stagnant lagoons.
This document summarizes a seminar on water conservation presented by Prof. A. W. Dongre. It discusses the importance of water conservation as a need of life. It outlines various sources of water, types of water demand, methods for water supply schemes, reasons for reducing water levels, strategies for water conservation like rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharging. The document provides an overview of water conservation efforts and importance through presenting on the topic.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the impact of effluents from two slaughterhouses (Kera and Luna) on the water quality of receiving rivers (Akaki and Modjo Rivers) in central Ethiopia. Water samples from the slaughterhouse effluents and rivers were tested for various physicochemical and bacteriological parameters over a two month period. The results showed that most parameters in both the slaughterhouse effluents and river water downstream of the discharge points did not meet Ethiopian standards. Specifically, levels of BOD, COD, nutrients, solids, fecal coliforms and other parameters were much higher downstream, indicating the discharges adversely affected river water quality. There is a need for improved treatment
IRJET-Finding the Causes of Water Pollution in Ghats of Varanasi CityIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the causes of water pollution in the ghats (bathing steps) of Varanasi City, India. It finds that the major causes are the disposal of untreated sewage, industrial waste, bodies from cremations, and other waste directly into the Ganges River. Specifically, it notes that the cremation ghat of Manikarnika contributes significant pollution to the river from thousands of bodies burned there annually. Testing of water quality found fecal coliform and biological oxygen demand levels far exceeding safe bathing standards. The aging sewage and drainage systems are unable to handle the city's growing population and industrial waste. As a result, the once holy Ganges River is now severely
An Overview Of Water Pollution Status In Ethiopia With A Particular Emphasis ...Nat Rice
This document reviews water pollution in Ethiopia, with an emphasis on the Akaki River in Addis Ababa. It finds that the Akaki River is polluted from domestic and industrial wastewater discharged without treatment. Pollutants have deteriorated the river's water quality beyond standards. Studies show 30% of Addis Ababa residents lack toilets and many discharge wastewater directly into the river. The river is now used for irrigation and drinking, despite being polluted and unsafe. This poses health risks like diarrhea to those exposed to the contaminated water. Proper management is needed to mitigate Akaki River's pollution problems.
Introduction to Water pollution and Bangladesh perspective (Buriganga Water pollution).
Water pollution is the contamination of ground water and surface water, mainly by human activities which change the physical and chemical characteristics of water. Bangladesh is vulnerable to water pollution.
This document discusses groundwater quality and depletion issues in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. It finds that the city relies heavily on groundwater extraction, with the water table declining by about 10 feet per year. Over-extraction has exposed aquifers and increased bacterial contamination in 50% of tube wells. The main source of contamination is the unlined Nullah Lai drain, which carries untreated wastewater and allows easy access to aquifers. Proposed mitigation strategies include lining the drain, switching to surface water sources, and constructing wastewater treatment plants to address the long-term sustainability of the city's water supply.
IRJET - River Pollution: A Case Study of Panchaganga RiverIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a case study on the pollution of the Panchganga River in Maharashtra, India. The river originates in Kolhapur and flows through two major cities, Kolhapur and Ichalkaranji, which house many sugar, textile and other industries that discharge untreated effluents into the river. This industrial and domestic pollution has made the river water unusable and led to increased waterborne diseases. Corrective measures proposed include requiring all industries to install effluent treatment plants and ensuring cities have functioning wastewater treatment infrastructure to reduce pollution entering the river.
IRJET- Ground Water Analysis in and Around Peenya Industrial AreaIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing groundwater quality in and around the Peenya Industrial Area of Bengaluru, India. Water samples were collected from bore wells in the area and tested for 22 parameters including pH, turbidity, hardness, chlorides, nitrates and more. The results found pH ranging from 6.65 to 7.35. Hardness ranged from 520 to 1100 mg/L. Nitrates were between 11 to 22 mg/L. The study aims to assess groundwater quality in the area and compare it to national standards to protect water resources.
This document discusses the issue of industrial polluted water being used for crops in Pakistan. It notes that over 50 countries irrigate over 20 million hectares of land with polluted or partially treated water. In Pakistan, 93% of water is used for agriculture. Major sources of water pollution include industrial discharge, sewage, and agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers. Using polluted water can benefit crop production but harm human and environmental health. The document recommends solutions like industrial wastewater treatment before disposal and increased government regulation and enforcement to reduce water pollution.
IRJET - Impact of Urban Development on Water Bodies and EnvironmentIRJET Journal
The document discusses the impact of urban development on water bodies and the environment. It notes that ancient civilizations developed along river banks which provided essential water resources. However, modern unplanned urbanization has led to shrinking and pollution of water bodies in several ways. The large-scale paving over of land has reduced water absorption and increased runoff, while pollution from sewage, industrial waste, and religious practices has made water unsafe. This urbanization has also altered the water cycle by reducing rainfall through deforestation and increasing waste discharge. As a result, glaciers and groundwater are depleted while pollution grows. The shrinking and pollution of vital water bodies upsets ecosystems and harms human livelihoods.
ASSESSMENT OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT IN CANAANLAND, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.O...Felix Oginni
Effluent from a sewage treatment plant in Covenant University, Canaanland is made to pass through a series of constructed wetland before discharging into a gully that drains into River Iju (also known as Atuara). This river is used as a source of drinking water and also provides food in form of fish for hundreds of thousands of people downstream and eventually enters the lagoon, some 60km away. Effectiveness and adequacy of the wastewater treatment facility in place was assessed in order to improve sanitation within this watershed, thereby alleviating environmental challenges in this coastal region of Nigeria. Waste water is gravity drained to the southwest portion of the campus where the solid is removed and the liquid is allowed to flow through six sets of constructed wetlands, each with four chambers. Within each chamber are water hyacinth plants put in place to remove nutrients from the waster water.
A quick survey of the facility shows the system to be effective in reducing and removing solids and dissolved solids from the waste water. The pH ranged between 6.6 and 6.8, conductivity from 530 to 600, and total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 360 – 400 ppm. The data obtained indicate that some modifications need to be made as the waste water treatment system is not very efficient in reducing the amount of TDS and nutrients. The flow rate is considered to be very high from cell to cell, thereby not allowing time for the plants and microbes to reduce the TDS. It is suggested that some method be devised to slow down the flow rate to allow the plants and microbes to work on reducing the TDS. Parameters also also considered included DO, E. Coli. Nitrate and Phosphates.
The document discusses the importance of protected water supply schemes and outlines several key aspects of planning a public water supply system. It notes that water is essential for human existence and outlines the goals of supplying safe, adequate water quantity while encouraging cleanliness. It also discusses water demands, including domestic, industrial, institutional and fire demands. Various factors are considered when assessing water demands such as per capita consumption rates. Water borne diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and protozoa in contaminated water are also summarized.
This document discusses various sources and effects of water pollution. It identifies both point sources like industrial effluents and wastewater, and non-point sources like agricultural and urban runoff as major causes of water pollution. Water pollution adversely impacts both human and aquatic life. For humans, chemicals like heavy metals, pesticides and excess nutrients in polluted water can cause health issues. Polluted water also reduces oxygen levels and harms aquatic organisms. The document provides a detailed overview of water pollution issues.
This document discusses various sources and effects of water pollution. It identifies both point sources like industrial effluents and wastewater, and non-point sources like agricultural and urban runoff as major causes of water pollution. Water pollution adversely impacts both human and aquatic life. For humans, chemicals like heavy metals, pesticides and excess nutrients in polluted water can cause health issues. Polluted water also reduces oxygen levels and harms aquatic organisms. The document provides a detailed overview of water pollution issues.
The present investigation along the Mithi River of Mumbai deals with the study of physico-chemical parameters like pH,
Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand content in water samples. The study was performed over a
period of 8 months from October 2013 to May 2014. Sampling was carried out at five different locations along the stretch of the Mithi River in Mumbai. The study points towards Pollution Status of the Mithi River.
An analytical study on impact of industrial effluent on the karun river, raip...Manoj Kumar Tiwari
An analysis was done of five water samples collected from study area, during February - March 2015. The high concentration of
alkalinity (209 mg/L) and hardness (220 mg/l) shows the severe condition of river water due to discharge of Industrial effluent.
Heavy metal or toxic metal concentration was found negligible while in sample no 1 the concentrations of Pb (0.811 mg/l), Cr
(0.642 mg/l), Fe (0.498 mg/l), Zn (0.326 mg/l) and Mn (0.3 mg/l). In other locations some metal concentrations were found below
the detectable limit although iron appeared in a small quantity. Hence it is concluded that there is an adverse condition of river
water environment due to industrial activities and industrial effluent discharge without treatment be supposed to be stopped to
protect the valuable river water from contamination
An analytical study on impact of industrial effluent on the kharun river, rai...eSAT Journals
study area, during February - March 2015. The high concentration of
alkalinity (209 mg/L) and hardness (220 mg/l) shows the severe condition of river water due to discharge of Industrial effluent.
Heavy metal or toxic metal concentration was found negligible while in sample no 1 the concentrations of Pb (0.811 mg/l), Cr
(0.642 mg/l), Fe (0.498 mg/l), Zn (0.326 mg/l) and Mn (0.3 mg/l). In other locations some metal concentrations were found below
the detectable limit although iron appeared in a small quantity. Hence it is concluded that there is an adverse condition of river
water environment due to industrial activities and industrial effluent discharge without treatment be supposed to be stopped to
protect the valuable river water from contamination.
Keywords: Waste Water, Industrial, Heavy Metals, Concentration, Kharun River, Pollution
12 ground water pollution in india a review 12 ijtas-92-2018-richa guptaBIOLOGICAL FORUM
ABSTRACT: Groundwater is the foremost source of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes in several countries. Due to human and industrial activities the ground water is contaminated. This is the serious problem now a day. Due to industrial, municipal and agricultural waste containing pesticides, insecticides, fertilizer residues and heavy metals with water groundwater has been polluted by leaching process. The effects of groundwater pollution are wide. In this paper the overview of ground water pollution due to industrial as well as anthropogenic activities. Water quality is affected by both point and non-point sources of pollution. These include sewage discharge, discharge from industries, run-off from agricultural fields and urban run-off. Analysis of the water quality is very important to preserve and prefect the natural eco system. The assessment of the ground water various technologies has been developed and management practices should be carried out periodically to protect the water resources.
Keywords: Ground water, Water pollution, Heavy Metals, Water Quality Index.
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2. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN 2228-
9428(Print) ISSN 2248 – 9436(Online), Volume 1, Number 2, May-October (2011)
runoff from urban areas, suspended and dissolved soils, organics and pathogens other
potential sources of groundwater contamination are wastewater treatment lagoons,
mine spills, urban and rural garbage’s, earthen septic tanks, refuse dumps, barnyard
manures etc. Industrial process employs variety of chemicals depending upon the
nature of raw material and products. Environmental problems by these industries are
mainly caused by the discharge of effluents (Rathore et al 2009). The problem of
drinking water contamination, water conservation and water quality management has
assumed a very complex shape (Bodhaditya et al 2008). Attention on water
contamination and its management has become a need of the hour because of its far
reaching impact on human health (Sinha et al. 1995).
Bacteria originate from faecal matter and pollute streams and groundwater. Most
bacteria are only 1 micrometer in diameter, but some bacteria range in size from 0.1
to 10 micrometers. Bacteria of the coliform group are considered the primary
indicators of fecal contamination and are often used to assess water quality. Coliform
is used to describe a group of Gram-negative, facultative, anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-
spore-forming bacteria, capable of growing in bile salts and other surface active
agents and able to ferment lactose to produce acid and gas within 48 hours at 35’C.
Coliform bacteria, having the same properties at 44’C, are referred to as thermo-
tolerant coliforms or E. coli (Escherichia coli).This is nothing but faecal coliform
bacteria, found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals, including humans.
Coliform bacteria generated from the waste of warm-blooded animals, may get into
the river or groundwater through surface runoff, especially after a heavy rainfall.
Water contaminated with faecal matter can seep into bigger bodies of water, which
may ultimately affect drinking water. A spring, hand-dug well, buried well, cistern,
etc. are all very likely to be contaminated with coliform bacteria. Thus, contamination
of water sources by the spread of such bacteria is the leading cause of water quality
impairment in rivers. These bacteria may cause a serious health threat to humans,
causing diseases like typhoid fever, hepatitis, gastroenteritis, dysentery, etc. Even a
very small percentage of faecal coliform bacteria may cause intestinal distress and in
more severe cases nausea, vomiting and even death. It is often difficult to detect
specific disease-causing organisms in water that we drink everyday. Therefore,
indicator organisms are detected in drinking water, which are of faecal origin. Smoke
is an indicator of fire. Similarly, bacteria of faecal origin (coliforms / E. coli) are
indicators of pollution from faecal sources, thereby warning that there may be more
dangerous organisms like Cholerae, Salmonella, Hepatitis virus etc, present in water.
A new study has found that people who contract gastroenteritis from drinking water
contaminated with E. coli are at an increased risk of developing high blood pressure,
kidney problems and heart disease in later life. The findings underline the importance
of ensuring a safe food and water supply and the need for regular monitoring for those
affected.
2.0 STUDY AREA
Aligarh is known mainly for its seat of learning-the Aligarh Muslim University
(AMU). The city, spread over an area of 34 square kilometres, is also an important
centre of lock smithy. The town has a population of more than half a million,
according to the 2001 census. On account of its being an important centre of lock
smithy, and other allied industrial functions like electroplating, casting, the town is
besieged with rural migration. However, the town's infrastructure is such that it is
unable to take on the extra load thereby resulting in a major breakdown of sanitary
conditions.
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3. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN 2228-
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Fig 1. Map of Aligarh
2.1 WATER SUPPLY
Ground water is the main source of water supply in Aligarh city and there is no
surface water supply. The water supply is being met by means of tube wells.
According to the city standards the requirement of per capita water is 250 litres
opposite to which 72 litres per capita is being supplied. At present the city has two
15800 kilolitre capacity overhead water tanks and three 2780 kilolitre CWR. There
are total of 45 tube wells which supply around 43 MLD for domestic water supply in
addition to this there are 34300 residential connections and 800 non residential
connection meant for water supply (Master Plan 2001-2021).
2.2 RESERVOIRS/PONDS/LAGOONS:
All the natural water reservoirs, ponds and lagoons have been identified as Achal
Taal, Lal Taal and Laal Diggi as natural water bodies and developing as recreational
areas (Master Plan 2001-2021).
2.3 SEWAGE FARM:
25% of the city area has been connected by sewers.. Rest of the water is disposed by
means of open drains. There is no sewage treatment plant in the city and all the
sewage is being pumped by pumping stations to the sewage farm situated on Mathura
road (Master Plan 2001-2021).
2.4 DRAINAGE:
At present sewage pumping stations have been established at Mathura road and
Charra bus stand. Mathura station have one pump of 120 Hp, two pumps of 110Hp
and one pump of 50 Hp, which pumps most of the sewage coming from the city to the
sewage farm for irrigation purpose. Charra bus stand pump station have two 40 Hp
and two 20Hp pumps which pumps the sewage coming from civil lines and its
neighbouring areas to the drains which goes to the sewage farm situated on Mathura
road.
Excluding the above Sarai Rehman situated between G.T. road and Gular road direct
pumping is taking place from the drains itself for discharging of the sewage. Gular
road pumping station consist of 50 Hp and 40 Hp each capacity pumps which pumps
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9428(Print) ISSN 2248 – 9436(Online), Volume 1, Number 2, May-October (2011)
the sewage coming from Ashok Nagar and its neighbouring areas. In the same manner
G.T. Road pumping station consist of three 30 Hp and two 15 Hp pumps which
pumps the sewage coming from a portion of civil lines, areas of Laal diggi, Malkhan
Singh state hospital and areas of Nai Basti to the open drain of Soot mill which
ultimately goes to sewage farm located on Mathura road. From the above it is clear
that the sewage pumping station located on Mathura road handles the most of the
sewage of Aligarh for its ultimate disposal (Master Plan 2001-2021).
A study was carried out in year 2001 nearly a decade ago in different wards of the city
to know the ground water contamination by E. coli (Tarique, M 2001). The maximum
concentration of E. coli was 116MPN/100ml in ward no 6 for municipal water supply
and 62 MPN/100ml in ward number 59 for hand pumps. The study was concluded
that the drinking water of Aligarh city was bacteriological contaminated. Out of total
samples analysed 67% of hand pump and 70 % of municipal supply were
contaminated above the permissible limit, thus it can be said that the water quality of
the city was very poor as far as bacteriological quality is concerned. Besides this there
are few areas where drinking water quality is good and free from bacteriological
contamination (Tarique, M 2001).
3.0 SAMPLING LOCATION, COLLECTION AND DESCRIPTION
Separate drinking water samples from the hand pumps existing near by major lagoons
and drains were taken in clean and sterile 1-1 polythene cans rinsed with dilute HCl to
set a representative sample and stored in an ice box. The samples were protected from
direct sunlight during transportation to the laboratory and the test was conducted
immediately. The instrument was used in the limit of précised accuracy and chemicals
used were of analytical grade. Double distilled water was used for all the purposes.
3.1 Bacteriological Examination:
Standard Plate Count Test: - Broths and dilution water were sterilized in autoclave
at 121ºC for 15 minutes and pipettes in metal containers in sterilizer oven at 170ºC for
2 hrs. The samples were shake about 25 times. Required portion was withdrawn with
a sterile pipette, and introduced into petri dish. In preparing plates, such amount of
water was planted for dilution which gives from 30-300 colonies per plate. For most
water samples, plates suitable for counting was obtained by plating 1ml and 0.1 ml
undiluted sample and 1ml of the 0.01 dilution. Two or more plates were used for each
sample. 1 ml or 1ml of other suitable dilutions was used for platting in the petri dish.
Then 10-15 ml of melted nutrient agar medium at a temperature of 43 – 45ºC
(tolerable to skin) was added to the Petri dish. The agar and the sample were
thoroughly mixed over bottom of the Petri dish by tilting and rotating the dish several
times. The plates were allowed to solidify and were placed immediately in the
incubator in an inverted position. Plates were incubated at 37ºC for 48 hrs. Autoclave
Type RT-110 Pb, Manufacture S.M. instruments (P) Ltd. Incubator Cl- 12S
Manufactured by REMI instruments and MAC Horizontal Laminar Flow Bench CAT
No.: MSW-1611 was used in the present study.
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3.2 SAMPLING LOCATIONS
S.No Location Name Location
designated
1. CHAUTAAL (A)
2. LOCO COLONY (B)
3. JAMALPUR CULVERT (C)
4. DHORRA CULVERT (D)
5. KAALIDEH (E)
6. ETAH CHUNGI PUPMING STATION (F)
7. ETAH CHUNGI LAGOON (G)
8. CHANDANIYA GANDHI EYE HOSPITAL (H)
9. MATHURA PUMPING STATION (I)
10. GULAR ROAD PUMPING STATION (J)
11. SHAHJAMAL (K)
12. GULAR ROAD (L)
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Almost all the water samples from hand pumps around the vicinity of
major lagoons and drains meet above the current standard for E. coli count, the E. coli
count in 100 ml of any water sample should be zero according to bacteriological
Indian standards (BIS 10500:1991). The results of the study depicted a very highly
deteriorated quality of groundwater used for drinking purpose around these areas.
The Fig. 4.1 covers Chautaal Inlet (A), Loco colony (B), Jamalpur culvert
(C) and Dhorra culvert (D). All of these locations lies in the civil line residential area
of the city and receives mainly domestic wastewater as it is a residential area.
The study finds out tht the groundwater contamination was higher owing to lagoons
then from the drain. The highest E. coli count was reported from Chautaal lagoon
which was 200/ml and least from Dhorra culvert 105/ml. The contamination at Loco
colony was lesser then Chautaal possibly due to population density is lesser at Loco
colony then around Chautaal, Loco colony was located on opposite side of coal
unloading railway depot so the resulting coal dust was possibly performing
adsorption.
250
200
E. coli count
150
100
50
0
A B C D
Locations
Fig.4.1 E. coli count Vs Locations
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6. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), ISSN 2228-
9428(Print) ISSN 2248 – 9436(Online), Volume 1, Number 2, May-October (2011)
The Fig. 4.2 covers the civil line area Chandaniya (H) as well as city area i.e.
Kaalideh (E), Etah chungi pumping station (F) and Etah chungi final lagoon (G). The
highest E coli count 270/ml was found around Kaalideh i.e. 270/ml E.Coli.
concentration and least around Etah chungi final lagoon i.e. 120/ml E.Coli.
concentration.
The Kaalideh and Chandaniya have a higher contamination rate because the water
remains stagnant in the lagoons and there was no drainage system to carry out the
water from them. This results in higher percolation as compared to Etah chungi
pumping station and Etah chungi final lagoon. The water from Etah chungi pumpnig
station was pumped regularly on daily basis to Etah chungi final drain. This prevents
the stagnantation of water, thus resulting in lessere percolation and contamination of
groundwater.
300
250
E. coli count
200
150
100
50
0
E F G H
Locations
Fig.4.2 E. coli count Vs Locations
The Fig. 3.3 covers Mathura pumping station (I), Gular road pumping station (J),
Shahjamal (K) and Gular road lagoon (L). the highest contamination was found from
Shahjamal area i.e. 510/ml E.Coli. concentration and least at Gular road lagoon area
i.e. 180/ml E.Coli. concentration.
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600
500
E. coli count
400
300
200
100
0
I J K L
Locations
Fig.4.3 E. coli count Vs Locations
The Shahjamal area has such a high concentration because of poor draingae system.
There was no natural draingae system the wastewater has to be pumped from location
to location to drain out the wastewater. The constant stagnantation of wastewater over
a long time has resulted in such a high contamination of groundwater in Shahjamal
area.
CONCLUSION
It is very clear from the present study that the drinking water from hand pumps
existing near by the drains and lagoons are highly contaminated. The minimum value
of E. coli count was found 105 /ml, while E. coli count in 100 ml of any water sample
should be zero according to bacteriological Indian standards (BIS 10500:1991). The
drinking water in Shahjamal area in the city was found highly contaminated the E.
coli count was found 510 / ml due to poor drainage system and constant stagnation of
wastewater over long time. Further the analysis indicates over a period of 10 years the
concentration of E. coli count was increased 100 times. The major source of
contamination is due to percolation and seepage of wastewater from earthen lagoons
and drains.
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REFERENCES
1. Aligarh Master Plan (2001-2021). Published by Aligarh development
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