A Simple Active and Reactive Power Control for Applications of Single-Phase Electric Springs
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The document discusses a proposed simple active and reactive power control method for single-phase electric springs (ES-2) that can help manage power from renewable energy sources in microgrids. The control method aims to divide unpredictable power from renewables into two parts: the portion absorbed by the ES-2 and the portion injected into the grid in a controllable manner. Simulation and experimental results validate that the control allows the ES-2 to smoothly operate and properly run applications by controlling active and reactive power, even during transients or grid anomalies.
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This paper proposes a high-efficiency two stage three-level grid-connected photovoltaic inverter. This work deals with the frequency regulation, voltage regulation, power management and load levelling of solar photovoltaic (PV)-battery-hydro based microgrid (MG). In this MG, the battery capacity is reduced as compared to a system, where the battery is directly connected to the DC bus of the voltage source converter (VSC). A bidirectional DC–DC converter connects the battery to the DC bus and it controls the charging and discharging current of the battery. It also regulates the DC bus voltage of VSC, frequency and voltage of MG. The proposed system manages the power flow of different sources like hydro and solar PV array. However, the load levelling is managed through the battery. The battery with VSC absorbs the sudden load changes, resulting in rapid regulation of DC link voltage, frequency and voltage of MG. Therefore, the system voltage and frequency regulation allows the active power balance along with the auxiliary services such as reactive power support, source current harmonics mitigation and voltage harmonics reduction at the point of common interconnection. The experimental results under various steady state and dynamic conditions, exhibit the excellent performance of the proposed system and validate the design and control of proposed MG.
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Dynamic modeling of microgrid for grid connected intentional islanding operat...
Microgrid is defined as the cluster of multiple distributed generators (DGs) such as renewable energy sources that supply electrical energy. The connection of microgrid is in parallel with the main grid. When microgrid is isolated from remainder of the utility system, it is said to be in intentional islanding mode. In this mode, DG inverter system operates in voltage control mode to provide constant voltage to the local load. During grid connected mode, the Microgrid operates in constant current control mode to supply preset power to the main grid. The main contribution of this paper is summarized as
1) Design of a network based control scheme for inverter based sources, which provides proper current control during grid connected mode and voltage control during islanding mode.
2) Development of an algorithm for intentional islanding detection and synchronization controller required during grid reconnection.
3) Dynamic modeling and simulation are conducted to show system behavior under proposed method using SIMULINK.
From the simulation results using Simulink dynamic models, it can be shown that these controllers provide the microgrid with a deterministic and reliable connection to the grid.
Development of wind and solar based ac microgrid with power quality improveme...
This work proposes a microgrid (μ-grid) integrating wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) resources, along with the battery energy storage (BES) to the three phase grid feeding the nonlinear load. The μ-grid disconcerted by probabilistic nonlinear time dependent parameters and their effects are compensated by cohesive controllers used for utility grid side voltage source converter (GVSC) and machine side VSC (MVSC). The switching controls and the reconfigurability of the μ-grid are addressed on imperative aspects of improving power quality (PQ), power reliability, nonlinear load compensation and economic utilization of resources. The nonlinear load compensation and PQ enhancement are achieved by executing modified version of the adaptive filtering technique including “momentum” based least mean square (MLMS) control technique, utilized for providing the switching control signals to the GVSC. It utilizes two preceding gradient weights for obtaining updated weight thereby improving the convergence rate and overcoming the limitation of conventional control of the same family. The MVSC acquires its switching signals from conventional vector control scheme and the encoderless estimation of speed and rotor position of the synchronous generator (SG) driven by wind turbine through back electromotive force control technique. The external environmental disturbances are overcome by utilizing perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point (MPP) for wind optimal power extraction and adaptive P&O with variable perturbation step size for solar MPP estimation. Test results are obtained from the laboratory prototype under steady state and dynamic conditions including altering wind speed, intermittent solar insolation and variable load conditions. The PQ issues are addressed and investigated successfully.
A Novel Technique for Enhancing Active and Reactive Power Quality for Renewab...
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters. This paper presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter is controlled to perform as a multi-function device by incorporating active power filter functionality. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or simultaneously. With such a control, the combination of grid-interfacing inverter and the 3-phase 4-wire linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appears as balanced linear load to the grid. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies and results.
Combination Analysis and Switching Method of a Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel I...
This paper analyzes the combination in a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBI) based on transformers with the different turn ratios for increasing the voltage level and proposes the switching method for achieving the output voltage distribution among H-bridge cells (HBCs). The transformers used in this paper are connected to the output of the respective HBCs, and the secondary sides of all the transformers are connected in series for generating the final output voltage. Only one of the transformers, in particular, has a different turn ratio for increasing the output voltage level. In this paper, the possible turn ratio of the special transformer with a different turn ratio is discussed in detail, and a switching method based on the level-shifted switching method for the topology used in this paper is proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a three-phase 21-level CHBI is experimentally tested.
Generation of Higher Number of Voltage Levels by Stacking Inverters of Lower ...
This paper proposes a new method of generating higher number of levels in the voltage waveform by stacking multilevel converters with lower voltage space vector structures. An important feature of this stacked structure is the use of low voltage devices while attaining higher number of levels. This will find extensive applications in electric vehicles since direct battery drive is possible. The voltages of all the capacitors in the structure can be controlled within a switching cycle using the switching state redundancies (pole voltage redundancies). This helps in reducing the capacitor size. Also, the capacitor voltages can be balanced irrespective of modulation index and load power factor. To verify the concept experimentally, a 9-level inverter is developed by stacking two 5-level inverters and an induction motor is run using V/f control scheme. Both steady state and transient results are presented.
Control strategy for power flow management in a pv system supplying dc loads
The document describes a control strategy for managing power flow in a photovoltaic (PV) system that supplies both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) loads. A bidirectional converter and power management system direct power from the PV array, utility grid, and battery to meet load demands and regulate voltages. Experimental results on a laboratory prototype validated the control strategy's effectiveness in various operating modes and transient responses to load and solar irradiance changes.
A Dual Control Strategy for Power Sharing Improvement In Islanded Mode of AC ...
Parallel operation of inverter modules is the solution to increase the reliability, efficiency, and redundancy of inverters in microgrids. Load sharing among inverters in distributed generators (DGs) is a key issue. This study investigates the feasibility of power-sharing among parallel DGs using a dual control strategy in islanded mode of a microgrid. PQ control and droop control techniques are established to control the microgrid operation.
A simplified phase shift pwm-based feedforward distributed mppt method for gr...
The modularity and decreased filter size properties have made cascaded multilevel inverters (MLIs) more applicable than conventional two-level inverters, especially in high and medium power photovoltaic (PV) applications. However, partial shading of PV modules will affect negatively the output power of the unshaded modules. There are several existing solutions in the literature to address this challenge, however almost all of them suffer from complex implementations, low efficiency, and high cost. This paper presents a new simplified feedforward distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for three-phase grid-connected cascaded MLIs. The cascaded MLI provides a modular, and highly efficient single stage power conversion for PV systems. The proposed distributed MPPT method is depending on the phase-shift pulse width modulation (PSPWM) method with a simplified implementation. The proposed method is developing a feedforward signal that is proportional to the maximum power of the individual module. Then, the current controller, and the modulating signal are multiplied with the proportionality factor of the module maximum power. Furthermore, a modified modulation compensation method without using proportional-integral (PI) controllers is introduced to solve the problem of the unbalanced three-phase PV output currents that results from PV power mismatches and shading. A case study is implemented for 15 kW PV system to investigate the performance of the proposed method. In addition, comprehensive comparisons with the previous attempts in the literature are provided to verify the superior performance of the new proposed control method.
Front end buck rectifier with reduced filter size and single-loop control
This paper presents a transformerless solution for front-end rectification, which is particularly suitable for traction applications, requiring high voltages to be stepped down to appropriate dc voltage. The proposed topology is based on pulse widthmodulation buck rectifier (current source inverter topology) and is capable of rectification and stepping down of single-phase ac supply, in a single stage. A new control scheme is proposed to achieve constant dc output voltage and sinusoidal source current, irrespective of large ripples in the dc inductor current. The proposed scheme is configured in single-loop voltage control mode. The relevant small-signal model is derived from the large-signal model using multi order decomposition. An elaborate procedure of dc filter design is discussed, for circuit operation with minimum energy storage. All analytical results are validated by numerical simulation for sinusoidal and distorted source voltage. Experimental verification is achieved through a 1.2-kW grid-connected laboratory prototype.
A Unified Control and Power Management Scheme for PV-Battery-Based Hybrid Mic...
This document describes a control and power management system (CAPMS) for PV-battery hybrid microgrids. The CAPMS can regulate DC and AC voltages and frequencies, control unit voltages and power flexibly, and balance power flows under different operating conditions, including switching between grid-connected and island modes. Both simulations and experiments validate that the CAPMS provides stable voltage for loads despite disturbances. The CAPMS is presented as a way to manage hybrid microgrid power flows effectively and realize balanced power between the microgrid and grid.
White paper - Anticipating complex network issues through the use of advanced...
White paper - Anticipating complex network issues through the use of advanced...Ingeteam Wind Energy
Throughout the world, a broad range of grid codes are in constant evolution. As the amount of renewable power deployed globally continues to increase steadily, the critical issue of grid stability also become increasingly complex. Ingeteam’s advanced simulation models are the answer to the complex grid issues that come with a high penetration of wind power in transmission grids.Matlab-based Simulation & Analysis of Three level SPWM Inverter
The multilevel began with the three level converters. The elementary concept of a multilevel converter to achieve higher power to use a series of power semiconductor switches with several lower voltage dc source to perform the power conversion by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. However, the output voltage is smoother with a three level converter, in which the output voltage has three possible values. This results in smaller harmonics, but on the other hand it has more components and is more complex to control. In this paper, different three level inverter topologies and SPWM technique has been applied to formulate the switching pattern for three level inverter that minimize the harmonic distortion at the inverter output. Simulation result has discussed.
Volume weight cost comparison of a 1 mva 10 kv 400v solid state against a con...
Solid-State Transformers (SSTs) are an emergent topic in the context of the Smart Grid paradigm, where SSTs could replace conventional passive transformers to add flexibility and controllability, such as power routing capabilities or reactive power compensation, to the grid. This paper presents a comparison of a 1000 kVA three-phase, low-frequency distribution transformer (LFT) and an equally rated SST, with respect to volume, weight, losses, and material costs, where the corresponding data of the SST is partly based on a full-scale prototype design. It is found that the SST’s costs are at least five times and its losses about three times higher, its weight similar but its volume reduced to less than 80 %. In addition, an AC/DC application is also considered, where the comparison turns out in favor of the SST-based concept, since its losses are only about half compared to the LFT-based system, and the volume and the weight are reduced to about one third, whereas the material costs advantage of the LFT is much less pronounced.
Novel symmetric modular hybrid multilevel inverter with reduced number of sem...
In this paper, by using a modular hybrid structure, a new topology for symmetric multilevel inverters (MLI) with a small number of semiconductors and low voltage stress across switches is proposed. Despite many other topologies, this topology can inherently produce negative levels and zero levels without using the H-bridge. The voltage stress across a particular switch of the proposed MLI is inversely proportional to the number of the switching of that switch in a voltage period. The proposed structure is based on two types of module, that is, the f-module and the e-module. The e-module uses a capacitive voltage divider to double the number of non-zero levels. The voltages of the capacitors are approximately balanced without complex control methods. The basic structure of the proposed topology is formed by connecting the f-module and the e-module in series with each other, and the cascaded topology is developed by cascading multiple f-modules with an e-module. To investigate the proposed topology and proving its practicability, simulation results with MATLAB/Simulink, investigation of the capacitor voltages, loss calculations and experimental results are presented. A comparative study is also performed to show the merit of the new multilevel inverter over other topologies.
A HYBRID AC/DC SOLAR POWERED STANDALONE SYSTEM WITHOUT INVERTER BASED ON LOAD...
This document discusses two methods for generating power from solar panels for a home without using inverters or batteries.
Method 1 proposes a hybrid AC/DC home grid system that shifts harmonic intensive loads to the DC side to reduce power conversion losses and isolates harmonic content. Solar power is fed to the home through a DC-DC converter, MPPT, and inverter to power AC loads, with a separate DC connection for DC loads.
Method 2 generates AC power directly from an array of solar cells connected in an alternating anti-parallel configuration, eliminating power losses from an inverter. Compatibility with residential loads is analyzed. This novel technique could remove the need for batteries and reduce overall cost.
The performance of
Reliability evaluation of MPPT based interleaved boost converter for PV system
The demand for power supply and depletion of the conventional energy sources are increasing drastically. So to overcome this problem, the best alternative power generation for conventional fossil fuel is Photovoltaic solar cell based system because of its advantage of pollution free and its availability in abundance with free of cost. In the MPPT based PV system the converters are the most sensitive part. Therefore to provide uninterrupted power supply without compromising the quality of power, reliability evaluation of interleaved boost converter becomes necessary. MATLAB/Simulink is used for the simulation studies and to determine the power losses of various components of the converter which is used in calculating the failure rates and reliability of the interleaved boost converter. Reliability studies of IBC have not been studied much. However there exists few literature in which reliability expression has been developed using Markov technique which is a more complex method as compare to Reliability Block Diagram (RBD). Therefore this paper proposes reliability modeling and reliability evaluation of Interleaved boost converter in MPPT based photo-voltaic system by using simple RBD method.
Ijmer 46061528
This document presents a new control strategy for an islanded microgrid consisting of PV and fuel cell distributed generation units supplying both local and nonlocal unbalanced loads. The control strategy comprises voltage control using a proportional resonance controller, droop-based power sharing, and a negative sequence impedance controller. The voltage controller regulates load voltages while the droop controller shares average power. The negative sequence controller minimizes negative sequence currents in the microgrid lines by adjusting each DG unit's negative sequence output impedance, improving power quality under unbalanced conditions. Time-domain simulations in MATLAB/Simulink validate the control strategy's performance for the PV and fuel cell microgrid.
Mppt with single dc–dc converter and inverter for grid connected hybrid wind-...
This document describes a new hybrid distributed generator system that uses a photovoltaic array and permanent magnet synchronous generator driven by wind to generate power. The system uses a single boost converter and inverter to connect the sources to the grid, requiring fewer power converters than previous schemes. MATLAB/Simulink is used to model and simulate the system. Low-cost controllers are proposed for the boost converter and inverter to independently track the maximum power from each source. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the successful operation and performance of the new hybrid system.
High frequency ac-link pv inverter
In this paper, a high-frequency ac-link photovoltaic (PV) inverter is proposed. The proposed inverter overcomes most of the problems associated with currently available PV inverters. In this inverter, a single-stage power-conversion unit fulfills all the system requirements, i.e., inverting dc voltage to proper ac, stepping up or down the input voltage, maximum power point tracking, generating low-harmonic ac at the output, and input/output isolation. This inverter is, in fact, a partial resonant ac-link converter in which the link is formed by a parallel inductor/capacitor (LC) pair having alternating current and voltage. Among the significant merits of the proposed inverter are the zero-voltage turn-on and soft turn-off of the switches which result in negligible switching losses and minimum voltage stress on the switches. Hence, the frequency of the link can be as high as permitted by the switches and the processor. The high frequency of operation makes the proposed inverter very compact. The other significant advantage of the proposed inverter is that no bulky electrolytic capacitor exists at the link. Electrolytic capacitors are cited as the most unreliable component in PV inverters, and they are responsible for most of the inverters’ failures, particularly at high temperature. Therefore, substituting dc electrolytic capacitors with ac LC pairs will significantly increase the reliability of PV inverters. A 30-kW prototype was fabricated and tested. The principle of operation and detailed design procedure of the proposed inverter along with the simulation and experimental results are included in this paper. To evaluate the long-term performance of the proposed inverter, three of these inverters were installed at three different commercial facilities in Texas, USA, to support the PV systems. These inverters have been working for several months now.
Power management strategy for a multi hybrid fuel cell energy storage power ...
This paper depicts a new configuration for modular hybrid power conversion systems, namely, multi-hybrid generation system (MHGS), and parallel connection at the output, such that the converter of each unit shares the load current equally. This is a significant step towards realizing a modular power conversion system architecture, where smaller units can be connected in any series/parallel grouping to realize any required unit specifications. The supercapacitor (SC) as a complementary source is used to compensate for the slow transient response of the fuel cell (FC) as a main power source. It assists the Fe to meet the grid power demand in order to achieve a better performance and dynamic behavior. Reliable control of the proposed MHGS with multiple units is also a challenging issue. In this paper, a simple control method to achieve active sharing of load current among MHGS modules is proposed. The simulation results verify the performance of the proposed structure and control scheme.
What's hot (20)
Dynamic modeling of microgrid for grid connected intentional islanding operat...
Dynamic modeling of microgrid for grid connected intentional islanding operat...
Development of wind and solar based ac microgrid with power quality improveme...
Development of wind and solar based ac microgrid with power quality improveme...
A Novel Technique for Enhancing Active and Reactive Power Quality for Renewab...
A Novel Technique for Enhancing Active and Reactive Power Quality for Renewab...
Combination Analysis and Switching Method of a Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel I...
Combination Analysis and Switching Method of a Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel I...
Generation of Higher Number of Voltage Levels by Stacking Inverters of Lower ...
Generation of Higher Number of Voltage Levels by Stacking Inverters of Lower ...
Control strategy for power flow management in a pv system supplying dc loads
Control strategy for power flow management in a pv system supplying dc loads
A Dual Control Strategy for Power Sharing Improvement In Islanded Mode of AC ...
A Dual Control Strategy for Power Sharing Improvement In Islanded Mode of AC ...
A simplified phase shift pwm-based feedforward distributed mppt method for gr...
A simplified phase shift pwm-based feedforward distributed mppt method for gr...
Front end buck rectifier with reduced filter size and single-loop control
Front end buck rectifier with reduced filter size and single-loop control
A Unified Control and Power Management Scheme for PV-Battery-Based Hybrid Mic...
A Unified Control and Power Management Scheme for PV-Battery-Based Hybrid Mic...
White paper - Anticipating complex network issues through the use of advanced...
White paper - Anticipating complex network issues through the use of advanced...
Matlab-based Simulation & Analysis of Three level SPWM Inverter
Matlab-based Simulation & Analysis of Three level SPWM Inverter
Volume weight cost comparison of a 1 mva 10 kv 400v solid state against a con...
Volume weight cost comparison of a 1 mva 10 kv 400v solid state against a con...
Novel symmetric modular hybrid multilevel inverter with reduced number of sem...
Novel symmetric modular hybrid multilevel inverter with reduced number of sem...
A HYBRID AC/DC SOLAR POWERED STANDALONE SYSTEM WITHOUT INVERTER BASED ON LOAD...
A HYBRID AC/DC SOLAR POWERED STANDALONE SYSTEM WITHOUT INVERTER BASED ON LOAD...
Reliability evaluation of MPPT based interleaved boost converter for PV system
Reliability evaluation of MPPT based interleaved boost converter for PV system
Mppt with single dc–dc converter and inverter for grid connected hybrid wind-...
Mppt with single dc–dc converter and inverter for grid connected hybrid wind-...
Power management strategy for a multi hybrid fuel cell energy storage power ...
Power management strategy for a multi hybrid fuel cell energy storage power ...
Similar to A Simple Active and Reactive Power Control for Applications of Single-Phase Electric Springs
Power Flow Control of Interconnected AC-DC Microgrids in Grid-Connected Hybri...
This paper introduces a new approach for power flow control of interconnected AC-DC microgrids in grid-connected hybrid microgrids based on implementing a modified unified interphase power controller (UIPC). A typical grid-connected hybrid microgrid including one AC microgrid and one DC microgrid is considered as studied system. Instead of using the parallel-connected power converters, these microgrids are interconnected using a modified UIPC. As the first contribution of this paper, the conventional structure of UIPC, which uses three power converters in each phase, is modified so that a reduced number of power converters is implemented for power exchange control between AC-DC microgrids. The modified structure includes one power converter in each phase, named as line power converter (LPC), and a power converter which regulates the DC bus voltage, named as bus power converter (BPC) here. The AC microgrid is connected to the main grid through the LPCs which their DC buses are linked and can operate in capacitance mode (CM) or inductance mode (IM). A fuzzy logic controller is used in the control structure of the LPCs. The fuzzy inference system is optimized based on H∞ filtering method to reduce the errors in membership functions design. Through the BPC, the DC voltage of LPCs is supplied by the DC microgrid. However, since the DC microgrid voltage is provided here by a PV system, the DC link voltage of the LPCs is fluctuating. Thus, as the second contribution, to stabilize the DC link fluctuations, a new nonlinear disturbance observer based robust multiple-surface sliding mode control (NDO-MS-SMC) strategy is presented for DC side control of the BPC. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed power flow control strategy of the improved UIPC for hybrid microgrids.
Power Management in PV-Battery-Hydro Based Standalone Microgrid
This paper proposes a high-efficiency two stage three-level grid-connected photovoltaic inverter. This work deals with the frequency regulation, voltage regulation, power management and load levelling of solar photovoltaic (PV)-battery-hydro based microgrid (MG). In this MG, the battery capacity is reduced as compared to a system, where the battery is directly connected to the DC bus of the voltage source converter (VSC). A bidirectional DC–DC converter connects the battery to the DC bus and it controls the charging and discharging current of the battery. It also regulates the DC bus voltage of VSC, frequency and voltage of MG. The proposed system manages the power flow of different sources like hydro and solar PV array. However, the load levelling is managed through the battery. The battery with VSC absorbs the sudden load changes, resulting in rapid regulation of DC link voltage, frequency and voltage of MG. Therefore, the system voltage and frequency regulation allows the active power balance along with the auxiliary services such as reactive power support, source current harmonics mitigation and voltage harmonics reduction at the point of common interconnection. The experimental results under various steady state and dynamic conditions, exhibit the excellent performance of the proposed system and validate the design and control of proposed MG.
A Unified Control Strategy for Three-phase Inverter in Distributed Generation
This paper presents a unified control strategy that enables both islanded and grid-tied operation of three-phase inverter in distributed generation (DG), with no need for switching between two corresponding controllers or critical islanding detection. The proposed control strategy composes of an inner inductor current loop, and a novel voltage loop in the synchronous reference frame (SRF). The inverter is regulated as a current source just by the inner inductor current loop in grid-tied operation, and the voltage controller is automatically activated to regulate the load voltage upon the occurrence of islanding. Furthermore, the waveforms of the grid current in grid-tied mode and the load voltage in islanding mode are distorted under nonlinear local load with the conventional strategy. And this issue is addressed by proposing a unified load current feed forward in the paper. Additionally, the paper presents the detailed analysis and the parameter design of the control strategy. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated by the simulation and experimental results.
A transformerless grid connected photovoltaic inverter with switched capacitors
In the transformerless photovoltaic (PV) system, the common mode ground leakage current may appear due to the galvanic connection between the PV array and the ground, which causes the safety issues and reduces the efficiency. To solve this problem, a novel inverter topology with switched capacitors is proposed in this paper. By connecting one pole of the PV cell directly to the neutral line of the grid, the common mode current is eliminated. Meanwhile, the switched capacitor technology is applied to increase the DC voltage utilization rate. Furthermore, a modified unipolar sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) strategy is proposed to reduce the pulsating current caused by the charging and discharging operations of the switched capacitors. Also, several optimization principles are put forward to further reduce the pulsating current to improve the efficiency and reliability. Finally, the proposed topology and modulation strategy are verified with simulation and a 250W experimental prototype.
A New Circuit of Modular Multilevel Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic ...
This study presents a new circuit topology of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) which is deployed for photovoltaic grid applications. In the conventional MMC, two arm inductors are placed in each phase to limit the circulating current. In the proposed topology, the inductors are replaced by a transformer. The proposed circuit gives a 50% reduction of the voltage rating of the power devices and the capacitors in comparison with the conventional MMC. The required dc-link voltage which is fed directly by PV panels is also reduced by half. The paper presents a PWM method to control the solar inverter output voltage. The proposed concept is confirmed through simulation and experimental results.
A Management of power flow for DC Microgrid with Solar and Wind Energy Sources
Today there is a rapid proliferation of DC loads into the market and DC micro grid with renewable energy sources is emerging as a possible solution to meet growing energy demand. As different energy sources like solar, wind, fuel cell, and diesel generators can be integrated into the DC grid, Management of power flow among the sources is essential. In this paper, a control strategy for Management of power flow in DC micro grid with solar and wind energy sources is presented. As the regulation of voltage profile is important in a standalone system, a dedicated converter is to be employed for maintaining the DC link voltage. DC link voltage is regulated by the battery circuit while maximum power is extracted from Solar and Wind to feed the loads connected at the DC bus. A power flow algorithm is developed to control among three sources in the DC Microgrid. The algorithm is tested for various load conditions and for fluctuations in solar and wind power in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
Cascaded two level inverter-based multilevel statcom for high power applications
In this paper, a simple static var compensating scheme using a cascaded two-level inverter-based multilevel inverter is proposed. The topology consists of two standard two-level inverters connected in cascade through open-end windings of a three-phase transformer. The dc link voltages of the inverters are regulated at different levels to obtain four-level operation. The simulation study is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK to predict the performance of the proposed scheme under balanced and unbalanced supply-voltage conditions. A laboratory prototype is developed to validate the simulation results. The control scheme is implemented using the TMS320F28335 digital signal processor. Further, stability behavior of the topology is investigated. The dynamic model is developed and transfer functions are derived. The system behavior is analyzed for various operating conditions.
Detailed analysis of grid connected and islanded operation modes based on P/U...
Detailed analysis of grid connected and islanded operation modes based on P/U...International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems
This paper presents a thorough control structure of the distributed generators inside the microgrid during both grid-connected and islanded operation modes. These control structures of the DGs voltage source inverters are implemented in synchronous reference frame (SRF) and controlled using linear PI controllers. By implementing the control structures, the desired real and reactive power can be efficiently transferred to the local loads and the utility load by the microgrid generating units. A modified droop control technique is introduced to facilitate the microgrid performance during both modes of operation. The active and reactive power sharing of the load demand between the utility grid and the microgrid can be performed by this drop control technique during the islanded mode. The system performance during intentional islanding event and utility load increase is investigated. The effectiveness of the offered control structures is confirmed through simulation results during both modes of operation.Autonomous Power Management for Interlinked AC-DC Microgrids
The document proposes an autonomous power management scheme for interlinked AC-DC microgrids. It aims to efficiently manage power deficits in the DC microgrid while maintaining good voltage regulation. The scheme prioritizes reducing the number of converters in operation to avoid unnecessary losses. Simulation results under different scenarios demonstrate the scheme's effectiveness in autonomously regulating the DC microgrid voltage and sharing power based on loading conditions. The performance was validated for variable load conditions.
A Distributed Approach to Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Sub-M...
A Distributed Approach to Maximum Power Point
Tracking for Photovoltaic Sub-Module Differential
Power Processing
New ac dc power factor correction architecture suitable for high frequency op...
This paper presents a novel ac-dc power factor correction (PFC) power conversion architecture for single-phase grid interface. The proposed architecture has significant advantages for achieving high efficiency, good power factor, and converter miniaturization, especially in low-to-medium power applications. The architecture enables twice-line-frequency energy to be buffered at high voltage with a large voltage swing, enabling reduction in the energy buffer capacitor size, and elimination of electrolytic capacitors. While this architecture can be beneficial with a variety of converter topologies, it is especially suited for system miniaturization by enabling designs that operate at high frequency (HF, 3 – 30 MHz). Moreover, we introduce circuit implementations that provide efficient operation in this range. The proposed approach is demonstrated for an LED driver converter operating at a (variable) HF switching frequency (3 – 10 MHz) from 120Vac, and supplying a 35Vdc output at up to 30W. The prototype converter achieves high efficiency (92 %) and power factor (0.89), and maintains good performance over a wide load range. Owing to architecture and HF operation, the prototype achieves a high ‘box’ power density of 50W/ in3 (‘displacement’ power density of 130W/ in3), with miniaturized inductors, ceramic energy buffer capacitors, and a small-volume EMI filter.
A novel online fuzzy control method of static var compensation for an effecti...
The Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) technology is a promising technology to achieve complete deregulation of Power System i.e. Generation, Transmission and Distribution as the complete individual units. FACTS is based on power electronic devices, used to enhance the existing transmission capabilities in order to make the transmission system flexible and independent in operation. The loading capability of transmission system can also be enhanced nearer to its thermal limit without affecting the stability. Complete closed-loop smooth control of reactive power can be achieved using shunt connected FACTS devices. Static VAR Compensator (SVC) is one of the shunt connected FACTS devices, which can be utilized for the purpose of reactive power compensation. As the Intelligent FACTS devices make them adaptable, it is emerging as the present state of the art technology. This paper presents the design and simulation of the Fuzzy logic control to vary firing angle of SVC in order to achieve better, smooth and adaptive control of reactive power in transmission systems. The design, modeling and simulations are carried out for the λ/8 Transmission line by placing the compensation at the receiving end (load end) and the results obtained demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A three phase grid tied spv system with adaptive dc link voltage for cpi volt...
This paper deals with a three-phase two-stage grid tied SPV (solar photo-voltaic) system. The first stage is a boost converter, which serves the purpose of MPPT (maximum power point tracking) and feeding the extracted solar energy to the DC link of the PV inverter, whereas the second stage is a two-level VSC (voltage source converter) serving as PV inverter which feeds power from a boost converter into the grid. The proposed system uses an adaptive DC link voltage which is made adaptive by adjusting reference DC link voltage according to CPI (common point of interconnection) voltage. The adaptive DC link voltage control helps in the reduction of switching power losses. A feed forward term for solar contribution is used to improve the dynamic response. The system is tested considering realistic grid voltage variations for under voltage and over voltage. The performance improvement is verified experimentally. The proposed system is advantageous not only in cases of frequent and sustained under voltage (as in the cases of far radial ends of Indian grid) but also in case of normal voltages at CPI. The THD (total harmonics distortion) of grid current has been found well under the limit of an IEEE-519 standard.
MATLAB/Simulink based simulations of KY converter for PV panels powered LED l...
MATLAB/Simulink based simulations of KY converter for PV panels powered LED l...International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems
The main objective of this research work is to develop KY conveter topology for renewable energy sources.Solar energy is the readily available and is the cheapest form of energy. It is non-polluting and environment friendly. The development of high static gain DC-DC converters is an important research area due to the crescent demand of this technology for several applications supplied by low DC output voltage power sources. It is used to provide the uninterruptable power supply and battery powered to the system. So here, step-up DC-DC converters based on the KY converter are proposed for LED lighting systems. The proposed topologies present high voltages and high efficiency for low input voltage and high output voltage applications. The simulation results of the proposed topology have been presented using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.Harmonic assessment on two photovoltaic inverter modes and mathematical model...
Power quality is a crucial aspect of designing a large-scale photovoltaic power plant, particularly regarding harmonics caused by inverter switching. This research aimed to analyze harmonics in a system using electrical transient analyzer program (ETAP) Power Station 20.5.0 to uncover the effect of irradiance on the inverters’ power quality running at 85% and 100% power factors. We analyzed both voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THDi and THDv) from the simulation and compared them with the mathematical model. Moreover, we analyzed the effect of changes in irradiance level on harmonics and reactive power penetration, which influenced power losses in transformers and cables. Inverters at 85% power factor experienced an increase in THDi, whereas those at 100% power factor decreased. Inverters with 85% power factor experienced more frequent switching, causing more prominent distortion. The magnitude of THDv increased proportionally with the rise of irradiance level. Inverters at 85% had a higher THDv value because of the excessive reactive power compensation when irradiance rose. Irradiance level had an inverse relationship with system losses since high irradiance levels led to lower losses as less power was required through transmission lines and transformers. Moreover, losses at 85% power factor were higher since the high harmonics caused additional losses.
Power Quality Assessment of Voltage Positive Feedback Based Islanding Detecti...
Islanding refers to a condition where distributed generators (DGs) inject power solely to the local load after electrical separation from power grid. Several islanding detection methods (IDMs) categorized into remote, active, and passive groups have been reported to detect this undesirable state. In active techniques, a disturbance is injected into the DG’s controller to drift a local yardstick out of the permissible range. Although this disturbance leads to more effective detections even in well-balanced island, it raises the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output current under the normal operation conditions. This paper analyzes the power quality aspect of the modified sliding mode controller as a new active IDM for grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPVS) with a string inverter. Its performance is compared with the voltage positive feedback (VPF) method, a well-known active IDM. This evaluation is carried out for a 1 kWp GCPVS in MATLAB/Simulink platform by measuring the output current harmonics and THD as well as the efficiency under various penetration and disturbance levels. The output results demonstrate that since the proposed disturbance changes the amplitude of the output current, it does not generate harmonics/subharmonics. Thereby, it has a negligible adverse effect on power quality. It is finally concluded that the performance of the sliding mode-based IDM is reliable from the standpoints of islanding detection and power quality.
Control for Grid-Connected and Intentional Islanding Operations of Distribute...
Intentional islanding describes the condition in which a microgrid or a portion of the power grid,
which consists of a load and a distributed generation (DG) system, is isolated from the remainder
of the utility system. In this situation, it is important for the microgrid to continue to provide
adequate power to the load. Under normal operation, each DG inverter system in the microgrid
usually works in constant current control mode in order to provide a preset power to the main
grid. When the microgrid is cut off from the main grid, each DG inverter system must detect this
islanding situation and must switch to a voltage control mode. In this mode, the microgrid will
provide a constant voltage to the local load. This paper describes a control strategy that is used to
implement grid-connected and intentional-islanding operations of distributed power generation.
This paper proposes an intelligent load-shedding algorithm for intentional islanding and an
algorithm of synchronization for grid reconnection.
Stability analysis of photovoltaic system under grid faults
Stability analysis of photovoltaic system under grid faultsInternational Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems
This work includes the establishment of a Photovoltaic system connected to the grid by means of an inverter. The fundamental goal of the work is to incorporate an advanced active power flow management scheme in order to adopt load at any weather condition along with the advantage of maximum active power flow and zero harmonics from PV inverter to the grid. The outcome of analysis and control design of grid connected PV inverter using a Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique is based on synchronous dq rotating reference frame so as to achieve maximum output voltage and record the active power. It has been observed that the model provides a better rate of stability as compared to the existing topology.Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Power quality enhancement in residential smart grids through power factor cor...
The proliferation of non-linear loads and the increasing penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in Medium-Voltage (MV) and Low-Voltage (LV) distribution grids, make it more difficult to maintain the power quality levels in residential electrical grids, especially in the case of weak grids. Most household appliances contain a conventional Power Factor Corrector (PFC) rectifier, which maximizes the load Power Factor (PF) but does not contribute to the regulation of the voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THDV ) in residential electrical grids. This manuscript proposes a modification for PFC controllers by adapting the operation mode depending on the measured THDV . As a result, the PFCs operate either in a low current Total Harmonic Distortion (THDI ) mode or in the conventional resistor emulator mode and contribute to the regulation of the THDV and the PF at the distribution feeders. To prove the concept, the modification is applied to a current sensorless Non-Linear Controller (NLC) applied to a single-phase Boost rectifier. Experimental results show its performance in a PFC front-end stage operating in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) connected to the grid with different THDV .
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Power Flow Control of Interconnected AC-DC Microgrids in Grid-Connected Hybri...
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Power Management in PV-Battery-Hydro Based Standalone Microgrid
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A Unified Control Strategy for Three-phase Inverter in Distributed Generation
A Unified Control Strategy for Three-phase Inverter in Distributed Generation
A transformerless grid connected photovoltaic inverter with switched capacitors
A transformerless grid connected photovoltaic inverter with switched capacitors
A New Circuit of Modular Multilevel Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic ...
A New Circuit of Modular Multilevel Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic ...
A Management of power flow for DC Microgrid with Solar and Wind Energy Sources
A Management of power flow for DC Microgrid with Solar and Wind Energy Sources
Cascaded two level inverter-based multilevel statcom for high power applications
Cascaded two level inverter-based multilevel statcom for high power applications
Detailed analysis of grid connected and islanded operation modes based on P/U...
Detailed analysis of grid connected and islanded operation modes based on P/U...
Autonomous Power Management for Interlinked AC-DC Microgrids
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A Distributed Approach to Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Sub-M...
A Distributed Approach to Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Sub-M...
New ac dc power factor correction architecture suitable for high frequency op...
New ac dc power factor correction architecture suitable for high frequency op...
A novel online fuzzy control method of static var compensation for an effecti...
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A three phase grid tied spv system with adaptive dc link voltage for cpi volt...
A three phase grid tied spv system with adaptive dc link voltage for cpi volt...
MATLAB/Simulink based simulations of KY converter for PV panels powered LED l...
MATLAB/Simulink based simulations of KY converter for PV panels powered LED l...
Harmonic assessment on two photovoltaic inverter modes and mathematical model...
Harmonic assessment on two photovoltaic inverter modes and mathematical model...
Power Quality Assessment of Voltage Positive Feedback Based Islanding Detecti...
Power Quality Assessment of Voltage Positive Feedback Based Islanding Detecti...
Control for Grid-Connected and Intentional Islanding Operations of Distribute...
Control for Grid-Connected and Intentional Islanding Operations of Distribute...
Stability analysis of photovoltaic system under grid faults
Stability analysis of photovoltaic system under grid faults
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...
Power quality enhancement in residential smart grids through power factor cor...
Power quality enhancement in residential smart grids through power factor cor...
More from Asoka Technologies
Solar pv charging station for electric vehicles
This document describes a project to design and simulate a solar photovoltaic charging station for electric vehicles using MATLAB/Simulink. The charging station employs a multi-port design to provide constant voltage DC power from the solar panels to charge vehicle batteries using a constant current/constant voltage method. The performance of the charging system is validated through simulation and experimental results. The conclusion discusses opportunities to enhance such systems through optimization techniques, energy storage, intelligent controllers, and hybrid designs incorporating multiple renewable energy sources.
A Variable DC Link based Novel Multilevel Inverter Topology for Low Voltage A...
In this paper; a variable dc link based novel multilevel inverter (MLI) topology is proposed. This proposed topology comprises two variable dc links and a modified H-bridge unit. This new single-phase topology offers advantages such as reduction in count of switches; gate drivers and dc sources while simultaneously improving the power quality. The proposed topology has been analyzed for both symmetric and asymmetric modes of operation. A comparative study of the proposed topology with some recent MLI topologies has been presented. The comparative study indicates that the proposed topology requires less number of dc sources; switches and driver circuits as compared to other topologies. The proposed topology has been simulated for 31- level asymmetric configuration in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment to verify the proper operation of proposed topology. Harmonic analysis was also performed for 31-level inverter which showed significant reduction in the total harmonic distortion (THD) for phase voltage and current waveforms. The proposed topology is suitable for low voltage applications such as standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).
A Simplified Space Vector Pulse-Width Modulation Scheme for Three-Phase Casca...
This document presents a simplified space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) scheme for three-phase cascaded H-bridge inverters. It treats each unit as a three-level inverter and uses three-level SVPWM to modulate each unit individually. Duty cycles from sector 1 are mapped to obtain duty cycles for other sectors. This simplifies the process compared to conventional multilevel SVPWM. Simulation and experimental results validate the presented SVPWM scheme, which provides a higher effective switching frequency while maintaining the same DC-link voltage utilization as conventional SVPWM, with significantly reduced FPGA resource utilization.
A New Family of Step-up Hybrid Switched- Capacitor Integrated Multilevel Inve...
In the low voltage based renewable systems like PV and Fuel cell applications, the step-up of the output voltage to drive the loads is essential. For this, the integration of switched-capacitor (SC) units with the dc-ac converters will have the potential advantages like improved efficiency, optimal switching devices, small size of passive elements (L and C) as compared with traditional two-stage conversion system (dc/dc converter and dc/ac converter). This paper focuses on a new family of step-up multilevel inverter topologies with switched capacitor integration with dual input voltage sources. With the flexibility of 2 dc sources and switching capacitor circuits, four different topologies have been suggested in this paper with features of high voltage gain, reduced component count, reduced voltage stress and self-voltage balancing of the capacitor while achieving a higher number of levels. A detailed analysis of proposed multilevel inverters has been analyzed with the symmetrical and asymmetrical mode of operations and the associated gain, the number of levels, and other performance indices are presented. An in-depth study of all the topologies has been accomplished in this paper with several comparative studies in terms of components count, voltage gain and cost. The effectiveness and practicability of the suggested topology with 13 level output voltage has been explained by the experimental results obtained from a scale down prototype.
A multi cell 21-level hybrid multilevel inverter synthesizes a reduced number...
A multi-cell hybrid 21-Level multilevel inverter is proposed in this paper. The proposed topology includes two-unit; an H-bridge is cascaded with a modified K-type unit to generate an output voltage waveform with 21 levels based only on two unequal DC suppliers. The proposed topology's advantage lies in the fine and clear output voltage waveforms with high output efficiency. Meanwhile, the high number of output voltage waveform levels generates a low level of distortion and reduces the level of an electromagnetic interface (EMI). Moreover, it reduces the voltage stress on the switching devices and gives it a long lifetime. Also, the reduction in the number of components has a noticeable role in saving size and cost. Regarding the capacitors charging, the proposed topology presents an online method for charging and balancing the capacitor's voltage without any auxiliary circuits. The proposed topology can upgrade to a high number of output steps through the cascading connection. Undoubtedly this cascading will increase the power level to medium and high levels and reduce the harmonics content to a neglectable rate. The proposed system has been tested through the simulation results, and an experimental prototype based on the controller dSPACE (DS-1103) hardware unit used to support the simulation results.
A generalized multilevel inverter topology with reduction of total standing v...
This paper presents a new multilevel inverter topology with reduced active switches and total standing voltage. The proposed topology can generate a high number of voltage levels in the symmetric configuration. This topology intuitively generates positive and negative cycles without an additional H-bridge unit, which considerably reduces the total standing voltage of the inverter. A cascaded structure is developed from the proposed topology to create higher voltage levels. To show the novelty of the proposed topology, a thorough comparison between the available and the proposed topologies in terms of the number of switches, standing voltages, and dc-sources is presented. Furthermore, the power loss analysis is carried out for various load values. The feasibility of the proposed nine-level inverter is verified with simulation and experimental results.
Power Quality Improvement in Solar Fed Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with Outp...
This document discusses a project to improve power quality in a solar photovoltaic energy conversion system using a cascaded 15-level inverter. Proportional Integral, Artificial Neural Network, and Fuzzy Logic controllers are investigated to eliminate harmonics. Simulations were performed in MATLAB/Simulink and hardware was demonstrated for a 3kWp photovoltaic plant coupled to a multilevel inverter. The fuzzy logic controller provided the best results for voltage regulation and power quality improvement. Experimental results validated the effectiveness of the proposed system for grid interaction while improving power quality.
Residential Community Load Management based on Optimal Design of Standalone H...
This document presents a study on designing a standalone hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for a residential community in Pakistan using PV, wind, diesel, and battery. Nine system configurations were analyzed using HOMER software to determine the optimal and most economical design. HOMER results showed a PV-wind-battery system with 13.4 kW PV, 4 kW wind, and 20 battery units was optimal, with a net present cost of $28,620 and cost of energy of $0.311/kWh. MATLAB/Simulink modeling validated this design could maintain voltages and safe battery SOC while meeting load, even with generation and demand fluctuations. The HRES design and control strategy presented provides a tool for planning
Power optimisation scheme of induction motor using FLC for electric vehicle
In electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid EVs, energy efficiency is essential where the energy storage is limited. Adding to its high stability and low cost, the induction motor efficiency improves with loss minimisation. Also, it can consume more power than the actual need to perform its working when it is operating in less than full load condition. This study proposes a control strategy based on the fuzzy logic control (FLC) for EV applications. FLC controller can improve the starting current amplitude and saves more power. Through the MATLAB/SIMULINK software package, the performance of this control was verified through simulation. As compared with the conventional proportional integral derivative controller, the simulation schemes show good, high-performance results in time-domain response and rapid rejection of system-affected disturbance. Therefore, the core losses of the induction motor are greatly reduced, and in this way improves the efficiency of the driving system. Finally, the suggested control system is validated by the experimental results obtained in the authors’ laboratory, which are in good agreement with the simulation results.
Multifunctional grid tied pv system using modified klms control
This paper deals with the modified kernel least mean square (KLMS) control strategy in double-stage, solar photovoltaic (PV) grid tied system to enhance the power quality at common coupling point (CCP). This proposed control algorithm has less oscillations, fast convergence, fast dynamic response and good steady state performance. A control strategy is used to extract the fundamental active current component of load and generates reference grid current for a DC-AC converter. The proposed modified KLMS control mitigates multiple power quality concerns such as harmonics reduction, unity power factor and load balancing. The dynamic performance of proposed system is confirmed into the MATLAB\Simulink environment. Test results on hardware implementation are presented at varying solar irradiation levels and load unbalancing. Test results are found satisfactory and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid currents are observed well within the IEEE-519 standard.
Modelling and voltage control of the solar wind hybrid micro-grid with optimi...
Electricity generation from the wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are highly dependent upon weather conditions. Their intermittent nature leads to fluctuations in their output. Therefore, the need for rapid compensation for energy transmission and distribution systems is increasingly important. Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) can be adopted for reactive power compensation and for decreasing the voltage fluctuation caused by the system and renewable energy sources. This study presents modelling of a Solar PV-Wind Hybrid Micro-grid and the increase of the stable operating limit of the system in case of the incorporation of STATCOM is examined. The major contribution of this paper is the optimization of gain parameters of four PI controllers in STATCOM control circuit based on genetic algorithms (GA) and Bacteria Foraging Algorithm (BFA) and therefore obtaining better responses and voltage stability in terms of nonlinear nature of solar-wind hybrid micro-grid. The Simulink models of the system architecture include a wind turbine model, a solar PV power system model and a STATCOM. It is certified that the voltage fluctuation at the end of the bus bar is reduced by 8% using conventional PI controller, by 10% for GA-based PI controller, and by 15% for BFA based PI controller under variable load. The results obtained by GA and BFA-based optimization of PI controllers are compared with that of the conventional controller and better results attained.
Irradiance-adaptive PV Module Integrated Converter for High Efficiency and Po...
The strive for efficient and cost-effective photovoltaic systems motivated the power electronic design developed here. The work resulted in a DC-DC converter for module integration and distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with a novel adaptive control scheme. The latter is essential for the combined features of high energy efficiency and high power quality over a wide range of operating conditions. The switching frequency is optimally modulated as a function of solar irradiance for power conversion efficiency maximization. With the rise of irradiance, the frequency is reduced to reach the conversion efficiency target. A search algorithm is developed to determine the optimal switching frequency step. Reducing the switching frequency may, however, compromise MPPT efficiency. Furthermore, it leads to increased ripple content. Therefore, to achieve a uniform high power quality at all conditions, interleaved converter cells are adaptively activated. The overall cost is kept low by selecting components that allow for implementing the functions at low cost. Simulation results show the high value of the module integrated converter for DC standalone and microgrid applications. A 400 W prototype was implemented at 0.14 Euro/W. Testing showed efficiencies above 95% taking into account all losses from power conversion, MPPT, and measurement and control circuitry.
Implementation of solar pv battery and diesel generator based electric vehic...
In this paper, a solar PV (Photovoltaic) array, a battery energy storage (BES), a diesel generator (DG) set and grid based EV charging station (CS) is utilized to provide the incessant charging in islanded, grid connected and DG set connected modes. The charging station is primarily designed to use the solar photovoltaic PV array and a BES to charge the electric vehicle (EV) battery. However, in case of exhausted storage battery and unavailable solar PV array generation, the charging station intelligently takes power from the grid or DG (Diesel Generator) set. However, the power from DG set is drawn in a manner that, it always operates at 80-85% loading to achieve maximum fuel efficiency under all loading conditions. Moreover, in coordination with the storage battery, the charging station regulates the generator voltage and frequency without a mechanical speed governor. It also ensures that the power drawn from the grid or the DG set is at unity power factor (UPF) even at nonlinear loading. Moreover, the PCC (Point of Common Coupling) voltage is synchronized to the grid/ generator voltage to obtain the ceaseless charging. The charging station also performs the vehicle to grid active/reactive power transfer, vehicle to home and vehicle to vehicle power transfer for increasing the operational efficiency of the charging station. The operation of the charging station is experimentally validated using the prototype developed in the laboratory.
High step up quasi-z source dc-dc converter
In this paper, a high step-up Quasi-Z Source (QZS) DC-DC converter is proposed. This converter uses a hybrid switched-capacitors switched-inductor method in order to achieve high voltage gains. The proposed converter have resolved the voltage gain limitation of the basic QZS DC-DC converter while keeping its main advantages such as continuous input current and low voltage stress on capacitors. Compared to the basic converter, the duty cycle is not limited, and the voltage stress on the diodes and switch isn’t increased. In addition to these features, the proposed converter has a flexible structure, and extra stages could be added to it in order to achieve even higher voltage gains without increasing the voltage stress on devices or limiting the duty cycle. The operation principle of the converter and related relationships and waveforms are presented in the paper. Also, a comprehensive comparison between the proposed and other QZS based DC-DC converters is provided which confirms the superiority of the proposed converter. Simulations are done in PSCAD/EMTDC in order to investigate the MPPT capability of the converter. In addition, the valid performance and practicality of the converter are studied through the results obtained from the laboratory built prototype.
Fuel cell integrated unified power quality conditioner for voltage and curren...
This document discusses a proposed Fuel Cell Integrated Unified Power Quality Conditioner (FCI-UPQC) system for improving power quality in a three-phase four-wire distribution grid. The FCI-UPQC uses a four-leg converter on the shunt side and three-leg converter on the series side. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system controller is designed to maintain the DC link voltage. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink showed that the FCI-UPQC can effectively compensate for power quality issues like voltage sag, swell, harmonics, and neutral current imbalance. The inclusion of a fuel cell provides real power support during grid interruptions. The paper concludes that the proposed FCI-UPQC
Distributed incremental adaptive filter controlled grid interactive residenti...
This document describes a distributed incremental adaptive filter (DIAF) controlled utility interfaced photovoltaic (PV) - battery microgrid system that is presented with power quality features. The bidirectional controlled converter with a battery mitigates intermittency of a PV array under rapid weather variations. The DIAF control provides harmonics mitigation, load balancing and power factor improvement. It has been demonstrated that the DIAF based control of residential PV/battery microgrid system can continuously supply power by integrating battery backup with a PV array even during outages of the PV array and utility grid. Test results validated the control technique and power quality indices were within IEEE standards.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Shunt APF Control
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is becoming an attractive estimation and regression technique in many control applications due to its parallel computing nature and high learning capability. There has been a lot of effort in employing the ANN in shunt active power filter (APF) control applications. Adaptive Linear Neuron (ADALINE) and feed-forward Multilayer Neural Network (MNN) are the most commonly used ANN techniques to extract fundamental and/or harmonic components present in the non-linear currents. This paper aims to provide an in-depth understanding on realizing ADALINE and feed-forward MNN based control algorithms for shunt APF. A step-by-step procedure to implement these ANN based techniques, in Matlab/ Simulink environment, is provided. Furthermore, a detailed analysis on the performance, limitation and advantages of both methods is presented in the paper. The study is supported by conducting both simulation and experimental validations.
Control strategy of pmsg based wind energy conversion system under strong win...
This paper presents a control approach for the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) under a wide range of wind speeds. Generally, most of the wind turbines are turned-off and disconnected from the power grid, in case wind velocity is gone over 25 m/s. It may cause wind power supply shortage from wind farms. This research introduces a pitch angle controller as well as a rotational speed control system so that the PMSG based WECS can generate power if the wind speeds are above 25 m/s. The proposed method reduces the mechanical stress of the wind turbine by preferential reducing of the rotational speed rather than the mechanical torque during strong wind condition. As a result, the chance of turning-off the is reduced compared to the conventional control system because the PMSG based WECS can temporarily tolerate the wind speed up to 35 m/s. A 2 MW WECS with the electrical and mechanical characteristics is modeled in the MATLAB/Sim Power Systems® to verify the proposed research.
Control and energy management of a large scale grid connected pv system
Power quality is highlighted as an important parameter in modern power systems. Moreover, grid-connected photovoltaic power plants are increasing significantly in size and capacity. Elsewhere, due to the progressive integration of nonlinear loads in the grid, the principal role of a Solar Energy Conversion System (SECS) is not only to capture the maximum power from solar but, also to ensure some ancillary services and improve the quality of power. This paper presents a novel strategy dedicated to improve the management of active power generation, reactive power compensation and power quality of a SECS, while guaranteeing the possibility of exploiting the full capacity of the Power Conditioning System (PCS) and the PhotoVoltaic System (PVS). The proposed control algorithm is applied to a large scale PVS connected to the grid through a cascade of a DC-DC converter and a PWM inverter. This control strategy manages the SECS function’s priorities, between main active power generation, reactive power compensation and active filtering in such a way to guarantee a smooth and stable DC voltage and ensure a sinusoidal grid current. Top priority is given to the active power production over power quality improvement. Then, priority is given to reactive power compensation over mitigation of current harmonics absorbed by the non-linear load connected to the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). Moreover, the whole system upper limits of active and reactive powers have been determined in the (PQ) power plane on the basis of PVS available power, converters rated power and DC bus voltage smoothness and stability. Finally, a control procedure dedicated to the calculation of the inverter current commands is proposed in order to exploit the full capacity of the SECS and respect the determined power limits. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness and the performance of this control strategy and prove that the SECS can operate at its full power whilst the power quality can be improved by reactive power compensation and active filtering.
Application of boost converter to increase the speed range of dual stator win...
In this paper, a topology using a Dual-stator Winding Induction Generator (DWIG) and a boost converter is proposed for the variable speed wind power application. At low rotor speeds, the generator saturation limits the voltage of the DWIG. Using a boost converter, higher DC voltage can be produced while the DWIG operates at Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) even at low speed and low voltage conditions. Semiconductor Excitation Controller (SEC) of the DWIG utilizes Control-Winding Voltage Oriented Control (CWVOC) method to adjust the voltage, considering V/f characteristics. For the proposed topology, the SEC capacity and the excitation capacitor is optimized by analyzing the SEC reactive current considering wind turbine power-speed curve, V/f strategy, and the generator parameters. The method shows that the per-unit capacity of the SEC can be limited to the inverse of DWIG magnetizing reactance per-unit value. The topology is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink platform and experimented with a scaled 1 kW prototype. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate wide variable speed operation range of the DWIG and verify the optimization.
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A Variable DC Link based Novel Multilevel Inverter Topology for Low Voltage A...
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Power optimisation scheme of induction motor using FLC for electric vehicle
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Multifunctional grid tied pv system using modified klms control
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Implementation of solar pv battery and diesel generator based electric vehic...
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Fuel cell integrated unified power quality conditioner for voltage and curren...
Fuel cell integrated unified power quality conditioner for voltage and curren...
Distributed incremental adaptive filter controlled grid interactive residenti...
Distributed incremental adaptive filter controlled grid interactive residenti...
Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Shunt APF Control
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Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
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(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
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Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
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geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
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objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
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Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
DfMAy 2024 - key insights and contributions
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
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IEEE Slovenia GRSS
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11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, SerbiaA review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
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A Simple Active and Reactive Power Control for Applications of Single-Phase Electric Springs
- 1. ELECTRICAL PROJECTS USING MATLAB/SIMULINK Gmail:asokatechnologies@gmail.com, Website: http://www.asokatechnologies.in 0-9347143789/9949240245 For Simulation Results of the project Contact Us Gmail:asokatechnologies@gmail.com, Website: http://www.asokatechnologies.in 0-9347143789/9949240245 A Simple Active and Reactive Power Control for Applications of Single-Phase Electric Springs ABSTRACT Aiming at effective power management in microgrids with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs), the paper proposes a simple power control for the so-called second-generation, single-phase electric springs (ES-2), that overcomes the shortcomings of the existing ES control methods. By the proposed control, the unpredictable power generated from RESs is divided into two parts, i.e. the one absorbed by the ES-2 that still varies and the other injected into the grid that turns to be controllable, by a simple and accurate signal manipulation that works both at steady-state and during RES transients. It is believed that such a control is suitable for the distributed power generation, especially at domestic homes. In the paper, the proposed control is supported by a theoretical background. Its effectiveness is at first validated by simulations and then by experiments. To this purpose, a typical RES application is considered, and an experimental setup is arranged, built up around an ES-2 implementing the proposed control. Testing of the setup is carried out in three steps and proves not only the smooth operation of the ES-2 itself, but also its capability in running the application properly. KEYWORDS 1. Electric spring 2. Smart load 3. Microgrids 4. Power control 5. Grid connected 6. Distributed generation.
- 2. ELECTRICAL PROJECTS USING MATLAB/SIMULINK Gmail:asokatechnologies@gmail.com, Website: http://www.asokatechnologies.in 0-9347143789/9949240245 For Simulation Results of the project Contact Us Gmail:asokatechnologies@gmail.com, Website: http://www.asokatechnologies.in 0-9347143789/9949240245 SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Fig. 1. Topology of ES-2 and associated circuitry. EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS
- 3. ELECTRICAL PROJECTS USING MATLAB/SIMULINK Gmail:asokatechnologies@gmail.com, Website: http://www.asokatechnologies.in 0-9347143789/9949240245 For Simulation Results of the project Contact Us Gmail:asokatechnologies@gmail.com, Website: http://www.asokatechnologies.in 0-9347143789/9949240245 Fig. 2 Simulation waveforms under different variations of the input active power. (a) From 1.6kW to 1.1kW and then back to 1.6kW @ VG=230V. (b) From 8kW to 2kW and then back to 8kW @ VG=200V. (c) From 8kW to 4kW and then to 2kW @ VG=200V..
- 4. ELECTRICAL PROJECTS USING MATLAB/SIMULINK Gmail:asokatechnologies@gmail.com, Website: http://www.asokatechnologies.in 0-9347143789/9949240245 For Simulation Results of the project Contact Us Gmail:asokatechnologies@gmail.com, Website: http://www.asokatechnologies.in 0-9347143789/9949240245 Fig. 3. Transient ES-2 responses to a change of the line voltage with Pinref=1.5kW. (a) From 240V to 210V. (b) From 210V to 240V Fig. 4. Simulation waveforms before and after grid distortion. (a) Results of PLL. (b) Results of active and reactive power of ES system.
- 5. ELECTRICAL PROJECTS USING MATLAB/SIMULINK Gmail:asokatechnologies@gmail.com, Website: http://www.asokatechnologies.in 0-9347143789/9949240245 For Simulation Results of the project Contact Us Gmail:asokatechnologies@gmail.com, Website: http://www.asokatechnologies.in 0-9347143789/9949240245 CONCLUSION The input active and reactive power control is proposed for the purpose of practical application of ES-2 in this paper. An overall review and analysis have been done on the existing control strategies such as δ control and RCD control, revealing that the essences of the controls on ES-2 are to control the input active power and reactive power. If being equipped together with the distributed generation from RESs, the ES-2 can manage the fluctuated power and make sure the controllable power to grid, which means that the ES-2 is able to deal with the active power captured by MPPT algorithm. Simulations have been done on the steady and transient analysis and also under the grid anomalies, validating the effectiveness of the proposed control. Three steps have been set in the experiments to verify the three typical situations and namely the active power generated by the GCC from RESs are, 1) more than; 2) less than; 3) the same as the load demand. Tested results have validated the proposed control. REFERENCES [1] M. Cheng and Y. Zhu, “The state of the art of wind energy conversion systems and technologies: Areview,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 88, pp. 332–347, Dec. 2014. [2] P. Sotoodeh and R. D. Miller, “Design and implementation of an 11-level inverter with FACTS capability for distributed energy systems,” IEEE J. Emerging Sel. Topics Power Electron., vol.2, no. 1, pp. 87–96, Mar. 2014. [3] L. Wang, and D. N. Truong, “Stability enhancement of a power system with a PMSG-based and a DFIG-based offshore wind farm using a SVC With an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 2799–2807, Jul. 2013. [4] Y. Zhang, X. Wu and X. Yuan, “A simplified branch and bound approach for model predictive control of multilevel cascaded H-bridge STATCOM,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 64, no. 10, pp. 7634–7644, Oct. 2017.