The document discusses software development methodologies used by the UK government, specifically comparing the traditional Waterfall methodology to the more modern Agile Scrum methodology. It notes that while Agile has been adopted for development, the accreditation process still follows Waterfall, creating delays. The document then proposes a security framework based on OWASP's Application Security Verification Standard that could allow secure development within Agile sprints and provide assurance for accreditors.
Configuration Management: a Critical Component to Vulnerability ManagementChris Furton
Managing software vulnerabilities is increasingly important for operating an information technology environment with an acceptable level of security. Configuration Management, an often overlooked Information Technology process, directly impacts an organization’s ability to manage vulnerabilities. This paper explores a Department of Defense organization that currently struggles with vulnerability management. An analysis of current vulnerability and configuration management programs reveals a gap between two. Further examination of the assets, vulnerabilities, and threats as well as a risk assessment results in recommendation of a new configuration management program. This new program leverages configuration management databases to track the assets of the organization ultimately increasing the effectiveness of the vulnerability management program.
SECURING SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT STAGES USING ASPECT-ORIENTATION CONCEPTSijseajournal
The document summarizes research on securing software development stages using aspect-orientation concepts. It proposes a model called the Aspect-Oriented Software Security Development Life Cycle (AOSSDLC) which incorporates security activities into each stage of the software development life cycle. The model aims to efficiently integrate security as a cross-cutting concern using aspect orientation. It is concluded that aspect orientation allows security features to be installed without changing the existing software structure, providing benefits over other approaches.
This document discusses bridging reliability engineering and systems engineering when developing complex systems with software. It recommends including a formal knowledge management system to store and retrieve failure information from past projects. This closed-loop between reliability tools and systems engineering processes would help identify potential failure modes earlier and improve dependability. The document maps commonly used reliability engineering tools to each phase of the systems engineering lifecycle to integrate learnings from past failures into new designs.
An analysis of software aging in cloud environment IJECEIAES
The document analyzes software aging in cloud environments. Software aging occurs when errors accumulate over time in long-running software systems, degrading performance and potentially leading to failure. In cloud computing, aging can happen across virtual machines and cloud services. The paper reviews methods for detecting aging, such as by monitoring indicators like memory usage, response time, and traffic metrics. Machine learning algorithms and statistical models have been used to predict aging but combining multiple approaches could improve accuracy. While preventing aging entirely is impossible, detection techniques can help address it by restarting or rejuvenating systems before failures occur.
The Information Disruption Industry and the Operational Environment of the Fu...Vincent O'Neil
Executive Summary:
Use of everyday technology to collect personal data is increasing, and as these efforts become more intrusive, popular resentment is likely to grow.
If that irritation reaches a tipping point, existing privacy protection services will expand enormously—creating an Information Disruption Industry (IDI) dedicated to thwarting the collection, storage, and sale of personal data.
The expanded IDI’s efforts will do direct and indirect damage to a wide range of systems—even systems unrelated to personal data collection.
This likely scenario has the potential to seriously impact the information landscape in 2035, if not sooner.
End of Summary
I presented the paper in a webinar hosted by the Mad Scientist Initiative and Georgetown University on May 10, 2020. The complete webinar can be viewed at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2-cjW1cmrQ&t=75s
A Monitor System in Data Redundancy in Information Systemijsrd.com
The structure of a few of the Information Assurance (IA) processes currently being used in the United States government. In this paper, the general structure of the processes that are uncovered and used to create a Continuous Monitoring Process that can be used to create a tool to incorporate any process of similar structure. The paper defines a concept of continuous monitoring that attempts to create a process from the similar structure of several existing IA processes. The specific documents and procedures that differ among the processes can be incorporated to reuse scan results and manual checks that have already been conducted on an IS A proof-of-concept application is drafted to demonstrate the main aspects of the proposed tool. The possibilities and implications of the proof-of-concept application are explored, to develop a fully functional and automated version of the proposed Continuous Monitoring tool.
Unified V- Model Approach of Re-Engineering to reinforce Web Application Deve...IOSR Journals
The document discusses approaches for reengineering web applications. It proposes using a unified V-model approach to reinforce web application development through reengineering. Specifically, it discusses:
1) Using reverse engineering to analyze existing web applications and recover designs, followed by forward engineering to restructure the applications based on new requirements.
2) Applying the V-model at each phase of the web development process during reengineering to incorporate methodology.
3) The reengineering process involves reverse engineering, transformations to adapt to new technologies/requirements, and forward engineering to implement the new design.
ITERATIVE AND INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS STUDY OF VOCATIONAL CAREER INF...ijseajournal
Software development process presents various types of models with their corresponding phases required to be accordingly followed in delivery of quality products and projects. Despite the various expertise and skills of systems analysts, designers, and programmers, systems failure is inevitable when a suitable development process model is not followed. This paper focuses on the Iterative and Incremental Development (IID)model and justified its role in the analysis and design software systems. The paper adopted the qualitative research approach that justified and harnessed the relevance of IID in the context of systems analysis and design using the Vocational
Career Information System (VCIS) as a case study. The paper viewed the IID as a change-driven software development process model. The results showed some system specification, functional specification of system and design specifications that can be used in implementing the VCIS using the IID model. Thus, the paper concluded that in systems analysis and design, it is imperative to consider a suitable development process that reflects the engineering mind-set, with heavy emphasis on good analysis and design for quality assurance.
Configuration Management: a Critical Component to Vulnerability ManagementChris Furton
Managing software vulnerabilities is increasingly important for operating an information technology environment with an acceptable level of security. Configuration Management, an often overlooked Information Technology process, directly impacts an organization’s ability to manage vulnerabilities. This paper explores a Department of Defense organization that currently struggles with vulnerability management. An analysis of current vulnerability and configuration management programs reveals a gap between two. Further examination of the assets, vulnerabilities, and threats as well as a risk assessment results in recommendation of a new configuration management program. This new program leverages configuration management databases to track the assets of the organization ultimately increasing the effectiveness of the vulnerability management program.
SECURING SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT STAGES USING ASPECT-ORIENTATION CONCEPTSijseajournal
The document summarizes research on securing software development stages using aspect-orientation concepts. It proposes a model called the Aspect-Oriented Software Security Development Life Cycle (AOSSDLC) which incorporates security activities into each stage of the software development life cycle. The model aims to efficiently integrate security as a cross-cutting concern using aspect orientation. It is concluded that aspect orientation allows security features to be installed without changing the existing software structure, providing benefits over other approaches.
This document discusses bridging reliability engineering and systems engineering when developing complex systems with software. It recommends including a formal knowledge management system to store and retrieve failure information from past projects. This closed-loop between reliability tools and systems engineering processes would help identify potential failure modes earlier and improve dependability. The document maps commonly used reliability engineering tools to each phase of the systems engineering lifecycle to integrate learnings from past failures into new designs.
An analysis of software aging in cloud environment IJECEIAES
The document analyzes software aging in cloud environments. Software aging occurs when errors accumulate over time in long-running software systems, degrading performance and potentially leading to failure. In cloud computing, aging can happen across virtual machines and cloud services. The paper reviews methods for detecting aging, such as by monitoring indicators like memory usage, response time, and traffic metrics. Machine learning algorithms and statistical models have been used to predict aging but combining multiple approaches could improve accuracy. While preventing aging entirely is impossible, detection techniques can help address it by restarting or rejuvenating systems before failures occur.
The Information Disruption Industry and the Operational Environment of the Fu...Vincent O'Neil
Executive Summary:
Use of everyday technology to collect personal data is increasing, and as these efforts become more intrusive, popular resentment is likely to grow.
If that irritation reaches a tipping point, existing privacy protection services will expand enormously—creating an Information Disruption Industry (IDI) dedicated to thwarting the collection, storage, and sale of personal data.
The expanded IDI’s efforts will do direct and indirect damage to a wide range of systems—even systems unrelated to personal data collection.
This likely scenario has the potential to seriously impact the information landscape in 2035, if not sooner.
End of Summary
I presented the paper in a webinar hosted by the Mad Scientist Initiative and Georgetown University on May 10, 2020. The complete webinar can be viewed at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2-cjW1cmrQ&t=75s
A Monitor System in Data Redundancy in Information Systemijsrd.com
The structure of a few of the Information Assurance (IA) processes currently being used in the United States government. In this paper, the general structure of the processes that are uncovered and used to create a Continuous Monitoring Process that can be used to create a tool to incorporate any process of similar structure. The paper defines a concept of continuous monitoring that attempts to create a process from the similar structure of several existing IA processes. The specific documents and procedures that differ among the processes can be incorporated to reuse scan results and manual checks that have already been conducted on an IS A proof-of-concept application is drafted to demonstrate the main aspects of the proposed tool. The possibilities and implications of the proof-of-concept application are explored, to develop a fully functional and automated version of the proposed Continuous Monitoring tool.
Unified V- Model Approach of Re-Engineering to reinforce Web Application Deve...IOSR Journals
The document discusses approaches for reengineering web applications. It proposes using a unified V-model approach to reinforce web application development through reengineering. Specifically, it discusses:
1) Using reverse engineering to analyze existing web applications and recover designs, followed by forward engineering to restructure the applications based on new requirements.
2) Applying the V-model at each phase of the web development process during reengineering to incorporate methodology.
3) The reengineering process involves reverse engineering, transformations to adapt to new technologies/requirements, and forward engineering to implement the new design.
ITERATIVE AND INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS STUDY OF VOCATIONAL CAREER INF...ijseajournal
Software development process presents various types of models with their corresponding phases required to be accordingly followed in delivery of quality products and projects. Despite the various expertise and skills of systems analysts, designers, and programmers, systems failure is inevitable when a suitable development process model is not followed. This paper focuses on the Iterative and Incremental Development (IID)model and justified its role in the analysis and design software systems. The paper adopted the qualitative research approach that justified and harnessed the relevance of IID in the context of systems analysis and design using the Vocational
Career Information System (VCIS) as a case study. The paper viewed the IID as a change-driven software development process model. The results showed some system specification, functional specification of system and design specifications that can be used in implementing the VCIS using the IID model. Thus, the paper concluded that in systems analysis and design, it is imperative to consider a suitable development process that reflects the engineering mind-set, with heavy emphasis on good analysis and design for quality assurance.
The document discusses research conducted by the IT Process Institute on the relationship between IT controls and organizational performance. The research found that:
1) Higher performing organizations consistently implement a small number of "foundational" IT controls related to change management, access controls, and configuration management.
2) For larger organizations, nine additional controls around release management, problem management, and service level management help explain performance differences.
3) How organizations manage exceptions to IT processes, through detection and enforcement of consequences, is a key factor in performance. Those that do not enforce consequences see less benefit from controls.
Information security management guidance for discrete automationjohnnywess
This document summarizes guidance for establishing an information security management program for industrial automation departments. It finds that while standards and guidance are now readily available, implementing a comprehensive security program requires extensive cross-functional collaboration. None of the publications can be implemented alone by automation departments due to their complexity and need for interdepartmental expertise in areas like risk assessment and network segmentation. Effectively addressing vulnerabilities will require integrating security practices with existing organizational processes and acquiring new technical knowledge across roles.
The document discusses a GAO report on software patch management practices at 24 federal agencies. The report found that while agencies have implemented some important practices like system inventories and security training, they are not consistently testing patches before deployment or monitoring patches once installed. Agencies face challenges to effective patch management like the increasing volume of patches and ensuring mobile systems are patched. Additional steps are needed from vendors, the security community, and the government to help agencies overcome these challenges.
The document provides guidance for assessing the scope of IT general controls based on risk for compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404. It establishes four principles for defining the relevance of IT infrastructure elements and processes to financial reporting integrity. It then provides a methodology for applying a top-down, risk-based approach to scope IT general controls and identify key controls within relevant IT processes. The goal is to develop widely accepted guidance that auditors and management can use to properly scope IT general controls work for financial reporting.
SECURE SERVICES: INTEGRATING SECURITY DIMENSION INTO THE SA&D cscpconf
Services security is often assimilated to a set of software solutions (Firewall, data encryption.) but rarely consider the organizational security rules as a fundamental part of the Services security policy. With the increasing use of new Services architectures (Open Services architecture, distributed database, multi web server, multi-tier application servers) security leaks become crucial and every security problem is harmful to the organization business continuity. To reduce and detect major security risks at an earlier step of the Services project, our approach is based on different knowledge exchange between end users, analyst, designers and developers collaborating at the Services project. The knowledge is mainly oriented to the detection of weak signals inside the organization. In this paper, we present the different knowledge surroundings an Services project and a knowledge pattern structure that can be used for the formalization aspects of the established exchange that should be established during the Services project between the different participants
What is Software or System ?
How to develop a good Software or System ?
What attributes of designing a good Software or System ?
Which methodology should be to design a good Software or System ?
What is SDLC ?
How many phases available in SDLC ?
David vernon software_engineering_notesmitthudwivedi
This document provides an overview of the Software Engineering 2 course, including its aims, objectives, course contents, and recommended textbooks. The course aims to provide knowledge of techniques for estimating, designing, building, and ensuring quality in software projects. The objectives cover understanding software metrics, estimating project costs and schedules, quality assurance attributes and standards, and software analysis and design techniques. The course content includes topics like software metrics, estimation models, quality assurance, and object-oriented analysis and design. The document also summarizes several software engineering process models and risk management approaches.
REGULARIZED FUZZY NEURAL NETWORKS TO AID EFFORT FORECASTING IN THE CONSTRUCTI...ijaia
Predicting the time to build software is a very complex task for software engineering managers. There are complex factors that can directly interfere with the productivity of the development team. Factors directly related to the complexity of the system to be developed drastically change the time necessary for the completion of the works with the software factories. This work proposes the use of a hybrid system based on artificial neural networks and fuzzy systems to assist in the construction of an expert system based on rules to support in the prediction of hours destined to the development of software according to the complexity of the elements present in the same. The set of fuzzy rules obtained by the system helps the management and control of software development by providing a base of interpretable estimates based on fuzzy rules. The model was submitted to tests on a real database, and its results were promissory in the construction of an aid mechanism in the predictability of the software construction
APPLICATION WHITELISTING: APPROACHES AND CHALLENGESIJCSEIT Journal
Malware is a continuously evolving problem for enterprise networks and home computers. Even security
aware users using updated security solutions fall into trap of zero day attacks. Moreover, blacklisting
based solutions suffer from problems of false positives and false negatives. From here, idea of Application
whitelisting was coined among security vendors and various solutions were evolved with same underlying
technology idea. This paper provides the details about design and implementation approaches and
discusses challenges while developing an effective whitelisting solution.
SECURITY VIGILANCE SYSTEM THROUGH LEVEL DRIVEN SECURITY MATURITY MODELIJCSEIT Journal
Success of any software system largely looms upon its vigilance efficiency that prompts organizations to
meet the set of objectives in the arena of networks. In the highly competitive world, everything appears to
be vulnerable; information system is also not an exception to this fact. The security of information system
has become a cause of great concern. On the contrary, till time the software security engineers are trying
hard to develop fully protected and highly secured information systems but all these developments are at
nascent stages. It is quite revelling that in the earlier research studies, little attention is paid to highlight an
accurate status of the security alertness for developed software. Hence, keeping all these factors at the
backdrop, this paper is an attempt to propose a holistic Security Maturity Model (SMM), in which five
levels/stars have been developed, driven on the strength of the security vigilance occurring at the various
stages for any software. SMM is in its conceptual stage; the detailed steps will certainly require time to be
developed so that every software system can reap out the benefits of this model. To categorize/discriminate
the level of potency, SMM will be highlighted through appropriate ranking/star system. It is hoped that if
SMM will be followed in its true letter and sprit; undoubtedly, this will restore the clients’ trust and
confidence on the software as well as their corresponding vendors. Moreover, this will also enable software
industry to follow transparent and ethical practices.
Information security audit is a monitoring/logging mechanism to ensure compliance with regulations and to detect abnormalities, security breaches, and privacy violations; however, auditing too many events causes overwhelming use of system resources and impacts performance. Consequently, a classification of events is used to prioritize events and configure the log system. Rules can be applied according to this classification to make decisions about events to be archived and types of actions invoked by events. Current classification methodologies are fixed to specific types of incident occurrences and applied in terms of system-dependent description. In this paper, we propose a conceptual model that produces an implementation-independent logging scheme to monitor events.
Software Reliability and Quality Assurance Challenges in Cyber Physical Syste...CSCJournals
Software Reliability is the probability of failure-free software operation for a specified period of time in a specified environment. Cyber threats on software security have been prevailing and have increased exponentially, posing a major challenge on software reliability in the cyber physical systems (CPS) environment. Applying patches after the software has been developed is outdated and a major security flaw. However, this has posed a major software reliability challenge as threat actors are exploiting unpatched and insecure software configuration vulnerabilities that are not identified at the design phase. This paper aims to investigate the SDLC approach to software reliability and quality assurance challenges in CPS security. To demonstrate the applicability of our work, we review existing security requirements engineering concepts and methodologies such as TROPOS, I*, KAOS, Tropos and Secure Tropos to determine their relevance in software security. We consider how the methodologies and function points are used to implement constraints to improve software reliability. Finally, the function points concepts are implemented into the CPS security components. The results show that software security threats in CPS can be addressed by integrating the SRE approach and function point analysis in the development to improve software reliability.
This document discusses improving the security of a health care information system. It begins by describing vulnerabilities in software applications and how connected systems can be exploited. The document then proposes a 3-tier architecture with encryption and file replication to strengthen security. Database backups and regular vulnerability checks are also recommended to defend the system from attacks and allow recovery of data. The goal is to develop a secure electronic health records system that protects sensitive patient information.
The task was to develop an audit scope and business line breakdown, based on the supplied narrative for our fake organization, the "Department of Controlled Substances (DCS)". I was an external auditor who has been contracted to come and perform a full scale, top-to-bottom audit of DCS
Research Article On Web Application SecuritySaadSaif6
This Is The Totally Hand Written Research Article On
Web Application Security
(Improving Critical Web-based Applications Quality Through In depth Security Analysis)
This Research Article Was Made By Me After The Hard Working Of One Month. Its Best And Suitable For Your Research Paper And Also Used In Class For Present It And For Submission.
AUTOMATED PENETRATION TESTING: AN OVERVIEWcscpconf
The document discusses automated penetration testing and provides an overview. It compares manual and automated penetration testing, noting that automated testing allows for faster, more standardized and repeatable tests but has limitations in developing new exploits. It also reviews some current automated penetration testing methodologies and tools, including those using HTTP/TCP/IP attacks, linking common scanning tools, a Python-based tool targeting databases, and one using POMDPs for multi-step penetration test planning under uncertainty. The document concludes that automated testing is more efficient than manual for known vulnerabilities but cannot replace manual testing for discovering new exploits.
This document discusses how a major hospital company has used Splunk across several areas to address key challenges and drive success. It summarizes how Splunk was used to:
1) Identify user errors, not device issues, that were impacting adoption of a mobile vitals monitoring program involving 5000 wireless devices.
2) Provide a unified, real-time view of connected medical devices and clinical applications that improved monitoring, troubleshooting, and compliance.
3) Rapidly develop an alternative to the vendor-provided but ineffective data analysis tool for their health information exchange initiative.
This document outlines a research proposal to enhance agile software development approaches to integrate security when developing digital services. The researcher aims to identify security challenges and benefits related to changes in software. They will use agent-oriented modeling techniques to link security attributes to goals and principles. A case study of university software projects in Afghanistan will be used to analyze how challenges can be isolated from XP practices and benefits incorporated. The relationship between software changes, agile practices, and security will be examined. This will help answer how to holistically integrate security into XP practices for developing secure digital services.
CASCADE BLOCK CIPHER USING BRAIDING/ENTANGLEMENT OF SPIN MATRICES AND BIT ROT...IJNSA Journal
Secure communication of the sensitive information in disguised form to the genuine recipient so that an
intended recipient alone can remove the disguise and recover the original message is the essence of
Cryptography. Encrypting the message two or more times with different encryption techniques and with
different keys increases the security levels than the single encryption. A cascade cipher is stronger than the
first component. This paper presents multiple encryption schemes using different encryption techniques
Braiding/Entanglement of Pauli Spin 3/2 matrices and Rotation of the bits with independent secret keys.
TRENDS TOWARD REAL-TIME NETWORK DATA STEGANOGRAPHY IJNSA Journal
Network steganography has been a well-known covert data channeling method for over three decades. The
basic set of techniques and implementation tools have not changed significantly since their introduction in
the early 1980’s. In this paper, we review the predominant methods of classical network steganography,
describing the detailed operations and resultant challenges involved in embedding data in the network
transport domain. We also consider the various cyber threat vectors of network steganography and point
out the major differences between classical network steganographyand the widely known end-point
multimedia embedding techniques, which focus exclusively on static data modification for data hiding. We
then challenge the security community by introducing an entirely new network data hiding methodology,
whichwe refer to as real-time network data steganography. Finally, we provide the groundwork for this
fundamental change of covert network data embedding by introducing a system-level implementation for
real-time network data operations that will open the path for even further advances in computer network
security.
The document discusses research conducted by the IT Process Institute on the relationship between IT controls and organizational performance. The research found that:
1) Higher performing organizations consistently implement a small number of "foundational" IT controls related to change management, access controls, and configuration management.
2) For larger organizations, nine additional controls around release management, problem management, and service level management help explain performance differences.
3) How organizations manage exceptions to IT processes, through detection and enforcement of consequences, is a key factor in performance. Those that do not enforce consequences see less benefit from controls.
Information security management guidance for discrete automationjohnnywess
This document summarizes guidance for establishing an information security management program for industrial automation departments. It finds that while standards and guidance are now readily available, implementing a comprehensive security program requires extensive cross-functional collaboration. None of the publications can be implemented alone by automation departments due to their complexity and need for interdepartmental expertise in areas like risk assessment and network segmentation. Effectively addressing vulnerabilities will require integrating security practices with existing organizational processes and acquiring new technical knowledge across roles.
The document discusses a GAO report on software patch management practices at 24 federal agencies. The report found that while agencies have implemented some important practices like system inventories and security training, they are not consistently testing patches before deployment or monitoring patches once installed. Agencies face challenges to effective patch management like the increasing volume of patches and ensuring mobile systems are patched. Additional steps are needed from vendors, the security community, and the government to help agencies overcome these challenges.
The document provides guidance for assessing the scope of IT general controls based on risk for compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404. It establishes four principles for defining the relevance of IT infrastructure elements and processes to financial reporting integrity. It then provides a methodology for applying a top-down, risk-based approach to scope IT general controls and identify key controls within relevant IT processes. The goal is to develop widely accepted guidance that auditors and management can use to properly scope IT general controls work for financial reporting.
SECURE SERVICES: INTEGRATING SECURITY DIMENSION INTO THE SA&D cscpconf
Services security is often assimilated to a set of software solutions (Firewall, data encryption.) but rarely consider the organizational security rules as a fundamental part of the Services security policy. With the increasing use of new Services architectures (Open Services architecture, distributed database, multi web server, multi-tier application servers) security leaks become crucial and every security problem is harmful to the organization business continuity. To reduce and detect major security risks at an earlier step of the Services project, our approach is based on different knowledge exchange between end users, analyst, designers and developers collaborating at the Services project. The knowledge is mainly oriented to the detection of weak signals inside the organization. In this paper, we present the different knowledge surroundings an Services project and a knowledge pattern structure that can be used for the formalization aspects of the established exchange that should be established during the Services project between the different participants
What is Software or System ?
How to develop a good Software or System ?
What attributes of designing a good Software or System ?
Which methodology should be to design a good Software or System ?
What is SDLC ?
How many phases available in SDLC ?
David vernon software_engineering_notesmitthudwivedi
This document provides an overview of the Software Engineering 2 course, including its aims, objectives, course contents, and recommended textbooks. The course aims to provide knowledge of techniques for estimating, designing, building, and ensuring quality in software projects. The objectives cover understanding software metrics, estimating project costs and schedules, quality assurance attributes and standards, and software analysis and design techniques. The course content includes topics like software metrics, estimation models, quality assurance, and object-oriented analysis and design. The document also summarizes several software engineering process models and risk management approaches.
REGULARIZED FUZZY NEURAL NETWORKS TO AID EFFORT FORECASTING IN THE CONSTRUCTI...ijaia
Predicting the time to build software is a very complex task for software engineering managers. There are complex factors that can directly interfere with the productivity of the development team. Factors directly related to the complexity of the system to be developed drastically change the time necessary for the completion of the works with the software factories. This work proposes the use of a hybrid system based on artificial neural networks and fuzzy systems to assist in the construction of an expert system based on rules to support in the prediction of hours destined to the development of software according to the complexity of the elements present in the same. The set of fuzzy rules obtained by the system helps the management and control of software development by providing a base of interpretable estimates based on fuzzy rules. The model was submitted to tests on a real database, and its results were promissory in the construction of an aid mechanism in the predictability of the software construction
APPLICATION WHITELISTING: APPROACHES AND CHALLENGESIJCSEIT Journal
Malware is a continuously evolving problem for enterprise networks and home computers. Even security
aware users using updated security solutions fall into trap of zero day attacks. Moreover, blacklisting
based solutions suffer from problems of false positives and false negatives. From here, idea of Application
whitelisting was coined among security vendors and various solutions were evolved with same underlying
technology idea. This paper provides the details about design and implementation approaches and
discusses challenges while developing an effective whitelisting solution.
SECURITY VIGILANCE SYSTEM THROUGH LEVEL DRIVEN SECURITY MATURITY MODELIJCSEIT Journal
Success of any software system largely looms upon its vigilance efficiency that prompts organizations to
meet the set of objectives in the arena of networks. In the highly competitive world, everything appears to
be vulnerable; information system is also not an exception to this fact. The security of information system
has become a cause of great concern. On the contrary, till time the software security engineers are trying
hard to develop fully protected and highly secured information systems but all these developments are at
nascent stages. It is quite revelling that in the earlier research studies, little attention is paid to highlight an
accurate status of the security alertness for developed software. Hence, keeping all these factors at the
backdrop, this paper is an attempt to propose a holistic Security Maturity Model (SMM), in which five
levels/stars have been developed, driven on the strength of the security vigilance occurring at the various
stages for any software. SMM is in its conceptual stage; the detailed steps will certainly require time to be
developed so that every software system can reap out the benefits of this model. To categorize/discriminate
the level of potency, SMM will be highlighted through appropriate ranking/star system. It is hoped that if
SMM will be followed in its true letter and sprit; undoubtedly, this will restore the clients’ trust and
confidence on the software as well as their corresponding vendors. Moreover, this will also enable software
industry to follow transparent and ethical practices.
Information security audit is a monitoring/logging mechanism to ensure compliance with regulations and to detect abnormalities, security breaches, and privacy violations; however, auditing too many events causes overwhelming use of system resources and impacts performance. Consequently, a classification of events is used to prioritize events and configure the log system. Rules can be applied according to this classification to make decisions about events to be archived and types of actions invoked by events. Current classification methodologies are fixed to specific types of incident occurrences and applied in terms of system-dependent description. In this paper, we propose a conceptual model that produces an implementation-independent logging scheme to monitor events.
Software Reliability and Quality Assurance Challenges in Cyber Physical Syste...CSCJournals
Software Reliability is the probability of failure-free software operation for a specified period of time in a specified environment. Cyber threats on software security have been prevailing and have increased exponentially, posing a major challenge on software reliability in the cyber physical systems (CPS) environment. Applying patches after the software has been developed is outdated and a major security flaw. However, this has posed a major software reliability challenge as threat actors are exploiting unpatched and insecure software configuration vulnerabilities that are not identified at the design phase. This paper aims to investigate the SDLC approach to software reliability and quality assurance challenges in CPS security. To demonstrate the applicability of our work, we review existing security requirements engineering concepts and methodologies such as TROPOS, I*, KAOS, Tropos and Secure Tropos to determine their relevance in software security. We consider how the methodologies and function points are used to implement constraints to improve software reliability. Finally, the function points concepts are implemented into the CPS security components. The results show that software security threats in CPS can be addressed by integrating the SRE approach and function point analysis in the development to improve software reliability.
This document discusses improving the security of a health care information system. It begins by describing vulnerabilities in software applications and how connected systems can be exploited. The document then proposes a 3-tier architecture with encryption and file replication to strengthen security. Database backups and regular vulnerability checks are also recommended to defend the system from attacks and allow recovery of data. The goal is to develop a secure electronic health records system that protects sensitive patient information.
The task was to develop an audit scope and business line breakdown, based on the supplied narrative for our fake organization, the "Department of Controlled Substances (DCS)". I was an external auditor who has been contracted to come and perform a full scale, top-to-bottom audit of DCS
Research Article On Web Application SecuritySaadSaif6
This Is The Totally Hand Written Research Article On
Web Application Security
(Improving Critical Web-based Applications Quality Through In depth Security Analysis)
This Research Article Was Made By Me After The Hard Working Of One Month. Its Best And Suitable For Your Research Paper And Also Used In Class For Present It And For Submission.
AUTOMATED PENETRATION TESTING: AN OVERVIEWcscpconf
The document discusses automated penetration testing and provides an overview. It compares manual and automated penetration testing, noting that automated testing allows for faster, more standardized and repeatable tests but has limitations in developing new exploits. It also reviews some current automated penetration testing methodologies and tools, including those using HTTP/TCP/IP attacks, linking common scanning tools, a Python-based tool targeting databases, and one using POMDPs for multi-step penetration test planning under uncertainty. The document concludes that automated testing is more efficient than manual for known vulnerabilities but cannot replace manual testing for discovering new exploits.
This document discusses how a major hospital company has used Splunk across several areas to address key challenges and drive success. It summarizes how Splunk was used to:
1) Identify user errors, not device issues, that were impacting adoption of a mobile vitals monitoring program involving 5000 wireless devices.
2) Provide a unified, real-time view of connected medical devices and clinical applications that improved monitoring, troubleshooting, and compliance.
3) Rapidly develop an alternative to the vendor-provided but ineffective data analysis tool for their health information exchange initiative.
This document outlines a research proposal to enhance agile software development approaches to integrate security when developing digital services. The researcher aims to identify security challenges and benefits related to changes in software. They will use agent-oriented modeling techniques to link security attributes to goals and principles. A case study of university software projects in Afghanistan will be used to analyze how challenges can be isolated from XP practices and benefits incorporated. The relationship between software changes, agile practices, and security will be examined. This will help answer how to holistically integrate security into XP practices for developing secure digital services.
CASCADE BLOCK CIPHER USING BRAIDING/ENTANGLEMENT OF SPIN MATRICES AND BIT ROT...IJNSA Journal
Secure communication of the sensitive information in disguised form to the genuine recipient so that an
intended recipient alone can remove the disguise and recover the original message is the essence of
Cryptography. Encrypting the message two or more times with different encryption techniques and with
different keys increases the security levels than the single encryption. A cascade cipher is stronger than the
first component. This paper presents multiple encryption schemes using different encryption techniques
Braiding/Entanglement of Pauli Spin 3/2 matrices and Rotation of the bits with independent secret keys.
TRENDS TOWARD REAL-TIME NETWORK DATA STEGANOGRAPHY IJNSA Journal
Network steganography has been a well-known covert data channeling method for over three decades. The
basic set of techniques and implementation tools have not changed significantly since their introduction in
the early 1980’s. In this paper, we review the predominant methods of classical network steganography,
describing the detailed operations and resultant challenges involved in embedding data in the network
transport domain. We also consider the various cyber threat vectors of network steganography and point
out the major differences between classical network steganographyand the widely known end-point
multimedia embedding techniques, which focus exclusively on static data modification for data hiding. We
then challenge the security community by introducing an entirely new network data hiding methodology,
whichwe refer to as real-time network data steganography. Finally, we provide the groundwork for this
fundamental change of covert network data embedding by introducing a system-level implementation for
real-time network data operations that will open the path for even further advances in computer network
security.
INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM USING DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM WITH WINDOW FUNCTIONIJNSA Journal
An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is countermeasureagainst network attack. There are mainly two
typesof detections; signature-based and anomaly-based. And thereare two kinds of error; false negative
and false positive. Indevelopment of IDS, establishment of a method to reduce suchfalse is a major issue.
In this paper, we propose a new anomaly-baseddetection method using Discrete Fourier Transform
(DFT)with window function. In our method, we assume fluctuation ofpayload in ordinary sessions as
random. On the other hand, we cansee fluctuation in attack sessions have bias. From the viewpointof
spectrum analysis based on such assumption, we can find outdifferent characteristic in spectrum of attack
sessions. Using thecharacteristic, we can detect attack sessions. Example detectionagainst Kyoto2006+
dataset shows 12.0% of false positive at most,and 0.0% of false negative.
REVIEW PAPER ON NEW TECHNOLOGY BASED NANOSCALE TRANSISTORmsejjournal
Owing to the fact that MOSFETs can be effortlessly assimilated into ICs, they have become the heart of the
growing semiconductor industry. The need to procure low power dissipation, high operating speed and
small size requires the scaling down of these devices. This fully serves the Moore’s Law. But scaling down
comes with its own drawbacks which can be substantiated as the Short Channel Effect. The working of the
device deteriorates owing to SCE. In this paper, the problems of device downsizing as well as how the use
of SED based devices prove to be a better solution to device downsizing has been presented. As such the
study of Short Channel effects as well as the issues associated with a nanoMOSFET is provided. The study
of the properties of several Quantum dot materials and how to choose the best material depending on the
observation of clear Coulomb blockade is done. Specifically, a study of a graphene single electron
transistor is reviewed. Also a theoretical explanation to a model designed to tune the movement of
electrons with the help of a quantum wire has been presented.
MODIFICATION OF DOPANT CONCENTRATION PROFILE IN A FIELD-EFFECT HETEROTRANSIST...msejjournal
This document describes an approach to modify the energy band diagram and decrease the dimensions of field-effect heterotransistors. The approach involves manufacturing a heterostructure with a substrate and epitaxial layer with four doped sections - two channel sections separated by source and drain sections. Additional doping of the channel sections allows for modification of the energy band diagram. Analytical models are developed to optimize the dopant concentration profiles through solving diffusion equations considering temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients. This approach could enable more compact transistor designs with tunable energy band structures.
A HYBRID METHOD FOR AUTOMATIC COUNTING OF MICROORGANISMS IN MICROSCOPIC IMAGESacijjournal
Microscopic image analysis is an essential process to enable the automatic enumeration and quantitative
analysis of microbial images. There are several system are available for numerating microbial growth.
Some of the existing method may be inefficient to accurately count the overlapped microorganisms.
Therefore, in this paper we proposed an efficient method for automatic segmentation and counting of
microorganisms in microscopic images. This method uses a hybrid approach based on morphological
operation, active contour model and counting by region labelling process. The colony count value obtained
by this proposed method is compared with the manual count and the count value obtained from the existing
method.
CROSS DATASET EVALUATION OF FEATURE EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR LEAF CLASSIFICA...ijaia
In this work feature extraction techniques for leaf classification are evaluated in a cross dataset scenario.
First, a leaf identification system consisting of six feature classes is described and tested on five established
publicly available datasets by using standard evaluation procedures within the datasets. Afterwards, the
performance of the developed system is evaluated in the much more challenging scenario of cross dataset
evaluation. Finally, a new dataset is introduced as well as a web service, which allows to identify leaves
both photographed on paper and when still attached to the tree. While the results obtained during
classification within a dataset come close to the state of the art, the classification accuracy in cross dataset
evaluation is significantly worse. However, by adjusting the system and taking the top five predictions into
consideration very good results of up to 98% are achieved. It is shown that this difference is down to the
ineffectiveness of certain feature classes as well as the increased severity of the task as leaves that grew
under different environmental influences can differ significantly not only in colour, but also in shape.
AN ENHANCED FREQUENT PATTERN GROWTH BASED ON MAPREDUCE FOR MINING ASSOCIATION...IJDKP
In mining frequent itemsets, one of most important algorithm is FP-growth. FP-growth proposes an
algorithm to compress information needed for mining frequent itemsets in FP-tree and recursively
constructs FP-trees to find all frequent itemsets. In this paper, we propose the EFP-growth (enhanced FPgrowth)
algorithm to achieve the quality of FP-growth. Our proposed method implemented the EFPGrowth
based on MapReduce framework using Hadoop approach. New method has high achieving
performance compared with the basic FP-Growth. The EFP-growth it can work with the large datasets to
discovery frequent patterns in a transaction database. Based on our method, the execution time under
different minimum supports is decreased..
DESIGN OF DIFFERENT DIGITAL CIRCUITS USING SINGLE ELECTRON DEVICESmsejjournal
Single Electron transistor (SET) is foreseen as an excellently growing technology. The aim of this paper is
to present in short the fundamentals of SET as well as to realize its application in the design of single
electron device based novel digital logic circuits with the help of a Monte Carlo based simulator. A Single
Electron Transistors (SET) is characterized by two most substantial determinants. One is very low power
dissipation while the other is its small stature that makes it a favorable suitor for the future generation of
very high level integration. With the utilization of SET, technology is moving past CMOS age resulting in
power efficient, high integrity, handy and high speed devices. Conducting a check on the transport of single
electrons is one of the most stirring aspects of SET technologies. Apparently, Monte Carlo technique is in
vogue in terms of simulating SED based circuits. Hence, a MC based tool called SIMON 2.0 is exercised
upon for the design and simulation of these digital logic circuits. Further, an efficient functioning of the
logic circuits such as multiplexers, decoders, adders and converters are illustrated and established by
means of circuit simulation using SIMON 2.0 simulator.
A REVIEW ON OPTIMIZATION OF LEAST SQUARES SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE FOR TIME SER...ijaia
Support Vector Machine has appeared as an active study in machine learning community and extensively
used in various fields including in prediction, pattern recognition and many more. However, the Least
Squares Support Vector Machine which is a variant of Support Vector Machine offers better solution
strategy. In order to utilize the LSSVM capability in data mining task such as prediction, there is a need to
optimize its hyper parameters. This paper presents a review on techniques used to optimize the parameters
based on two main classes; Evolutionary Computation and Cross Validation.
AN ADAPTIVE REUSABLE LEARNING OBJECT FOR E-LEARNING USING COGNITIVE ARCHITECTUREacijjournal
Nowadays, a huge amount of ambiguous e-learning materials are available in World Wide Web
irrespective of various objectives. These digital educational resources can be reused and shared from
centralized online repository and it will avoid the redundant learning material. The main goal is to design
consistent adaptable e-learning course material for web-based education system with emphasis on the
quality of learning. This can be done by organizing learning object in a prescribed manner and it can be
reused in feature. Such reusable learning objects are enhanced further to become adaptive reusable
learning objects that are virtually cognitive and responsive towards the specific needs of the user/customer.
This paper proposes the cognitive architecture to offer an adaptive reusable objects (RLO) based on
individual profile of e-learner besides their cognitive behaviour while learning.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ADVANCED CLOUD PRIVACY THREAT MODELING IJNSA Journal
Privacy-preservation for sensitive data has become a challenging issue in cloud computing. Threat
modeling as a part of requirements engineering in secure software development provides a structured
approach for identifying attacks and proposing countermeasures against the exploitation of vulnerabilities
in a system. This paper describes an extension of Cloud Privacy Threat Modeling (CPTM) methodology for
privacy threat modeling in relation to processing sensitive data in cloud computing environments. It
describes the modeling methodology that involved applying Method Engineering to specify characteristics
of a cloud privacy threat modeling methodology, different steps in the proposed methodology and
corresponding products. In addition, a case study has been implemented as a proof of concept to
demonstrate the usability of the proposed methodology. We believe that the extended methodology
facilitates the application of a privacy-preserving cloud software development approach from requirements
engineering to design.
Julio Cortázar nació en Bruselas en 1914 y se mudó a Argentina de niño. Tuvo una infancia solitaria y encontró consuelo en la lectura. Más tarde se convirtió en profesor y se mudó a París, donde se dedicó a la escritura y traducción. Sus obras como Rayuela desafiaron las convenciones literarias y exploraron temas como el lenguaje y la identidad. Cortázar murió en 1984 en París después de una batalla contra la leucemia.
Concordia University Irvine - WASC Resource GuideVeronica Steele
This resource guide provides information for the WASC visiting team during their accreditation review of Concordia University Irvine in March 2014. It includes the mission and vision statements of the university. The guide contains the team's schedule over three days, with meetings with university leadership, faculty, staff, students and departments. It highlights the president, provost, and other members of the executive council to provide context on university administration. The guide aims to orient the team and facilitate a productive review process.
Este documento describe el malware Linux/Remaiten, un bot que combina las capacidades de Tsunamis y Gafgyt y ofrece mejoras y nuevas características. El malware utiliza escaneos de telnet para infectar dispositivos vulnerables y descargar ejecutables de bots para varias arquitecturas de CPU. Luego intenta determinar la arquitectura del dispositivo víctima y transferir sólo el descargador apropiado para crear otro bot.
Julio Cortázar nació en Bruselas en 1914 y se mudó a Argentina de niño. Tuvo una infancia solitaria y encontró consuelo en la lectura. Más tarde se convirtió en profesor y se mudó a París, donde se dedicó a la escritura y traducción. Sus obras como Rayuela desafiaron las convenciones literarias y exploraron temas como el lenguaje y la identidad. Cortázar murió en 1984 en París después de una batalla contra la leucemia.
If you're interested in making maps, check out our roundup of free map making software. There's something for beginners and advanced map nerds alike. Check out the full blog here: http://januaryadvisors.com/best-free-tools-for-making-maps/
This document describes a web application that analyzes trends on Twitter. The application uses latent Dirichlet allocation and clustering algorithms to categorize tweets by topic, location, and time. It allows users to search for trending events and view results graphically. The application was developed using an iterative software development process and addresses the problem of users not easily being able to find out about trending events. It provides a convenient way for users to learn about events through a simple interface without needing other media. Security is ensured through two-factor authentication. The application responds quickly and uses LDA for efficient clustering so users can access trending tweets from any location. Sentiment analysis is also performed by clustering positive and negative tweets.
This document describes a software design approach for developing secure data management applications using model-driven development. It involves modeling an application's conceptual model, security model, and graphical user interface model. A model transformation lifts security policies from the security model to the GUI model. The models are validated for correctness before code generation. The approach was implemented in a tool called Sculpture, which was used to develop three secure web applications: a volunteer management app, electronic health record app, and meal service management app. The approach aims to improve on previous work by providing more expressive modeling languages, validation of models, and automated generation of secure multi-tier applications.
Abstraction and Automation: A Software Design Approach for Developing Secure ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Using Fuzzy Clustering and Software Metrics to Predict Faults in large Indust...IOSR Journals
This document describes a study that uses fuzzy clustering and software metrics to predict faults in large industrial software systems. The study uses fuzzy c-means clustering to group software components into faulty and fault-free clusters based on various software metrics. The study applies this method to the open-source JEdit software project, calculating metrics for 274 classes and identifying faults using repository data. The results show 88.49% accuracy in predicting faulty classes, demonstrating that fuzzy clustering can be an effective technique for fault prediction in large software systems.
This document discusses cloning an organization to allow testing and manipulation without affecting the original site. It defines cloning as creating an exact copy that can be used for tasks without risk to the original. Types of clones include the frontend design, backend design, and database. Benefits of cloning for software testing are that it is cost-effective, improves security and product quality, and increases customer satisfaction. The document then discusses various software testing types, reverse engineering, and software development life cycles like waterfall, RAD, spiral, V-model, incremental, agile, iterative, big bang and prototype models. The conclusion is that cloning can help test and learn new features without interrupting the original organization's data and business.
Security has always been a great concern for all software systems due to the increased incursion of the wireless devices in recent years. Generally software engineering processes tries to compel the security measures during the various design phases which results into an inefficient measure. So this calls for a new process of software engineering in which we would try to give a proper framework for integrating the security requirements with the SDLC, and in this requirement engineers must discover all the security requirements related to a particular system, so security requirement could be analyzed and simultaneously prioritized in one go. In this paper we will present a new technique for prioritizing these requirement based on the risk measurement techniques. The true security requirements should be easily identified as early as possible so that these could be systematically analyzed and then every architecture team can choose the most appropriate mechanism to implement them.
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
This document provides a selective survey of software reliability models. It discusses both static models used in early development stages and dynamic models used later. For static models, it describes a phase-based model and predictive development life cycle model. For dynamic models, it outlines reliability growth models, including binomial, Poisson, and other classes. It also presents a case study of incorporating code changes as a covariate into reliability modeling during testing of a large telecommunications system. The document concludes by advocating for wider use of statistical software reliability models to improve development and testing processes.
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
Call for paper 2012, hard copy of Certificate, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJCER, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, research and review articles, IJCER Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathematics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer review journal, indexed journal, research and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijceronline.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, Google journals, hard copy of Certificate,
journal of engineering, online Submission
The document discusses the system development life cycle (SDLC) approach for developing an information security policy for an integrated information system (IIS) and its data. It will apply the SDLC process, including planning and analysis, design, implementation, and testing phases. The goal is to address privacy and confidentiality threats specified in a case study by developing an information security policy for the IIS.
A Resiliency Framework For An Enterprise CloudJeff Nelson
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes a resiliency framework called the Cloud Computing Adoption Framework (CCAF) for enterprise clouds. CCAF includes four major emerging services - software resilience, service components, guidelines, and real case studies - that are designed to improve an organization's security when adopting cloud computing. The framework was validated through a large survey that provided user requirements to guide the system's design and development. CCAF aims to illustrate how software resilience and security can be improved for enterprises moving to the cloud.
Agile development methodologies are very promising in the software industry. Agile development techniques are very realistic n understanding the fact that requirement in a business environment changes constantly. Agile development processes optimize the opportunity provided by cloud computing by doing software release iteratively and getting user feedback more frequently. The research work, a study on Agile Methods and cloud computing. This paper analyzes the Agile Management and development methods and its benefits with cloud computing. Combining agile development methodology with cloud computing brings the best of both worlds. A business strategy, the outcomes of which optimize profitability revenue and customer satisfaction by organizing around customer segments, fostering customer-satisfying behaviors, and implementing customer-centric processes
DIFFERENCES OF CLOUD-BASED SERVICES AND THEIR SAFETY RENEWAL IN THE HEALTH CA...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the benefits and risks of cloud-based services for the healthcare system. It begins by introducing how cloud computing has impacted various sectors including healthcare by enabling storage of large amounts of patient data and easy access. It then categorizes existing cloud applications and services used in healthcare. The document also analyzes security and privacy risks of cloud-based healthcare services and compares the risks of secure vs insecure cloud systems. It proposes that adopting cloud services in healthcare requires addressing security issues.
DIFFERENCES OF CLOUD-BASED SERVICES AND THEIR SAFETY RENEWAL IN THE HEALTH CA...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the benefits and risks of cloud-based services for healthcare systems. It begins by outlining how cloud computing has enabled new diagnostic technologies and easy access to patient data. However, it also notes security and privacy risks, such as data breaches and unauthorized access. The document then reviews existing literature on revolutionary impacts of cloud solutions, predictive threat analysis using big data, and risk analysis of cloud models. It proposes a methodology for categorizing cloud benefits and risks to help healthcare workers and IT professionals. The methodology aims to securely manage data exchange while addressing challenges like cyberattacks and lack of technical knowledge.
SECURETI: ADVANCED SDLC AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR TI(PHILIPPINES)ijcsit
There are essential security considerations in the systems used by semiconductor companies like TI. Along
with other semiconductor companies, TI has recognized that IT security is highly crucial during web
application developers' system development life cycle (SDLC). The challenges faced by TI web developers
were consolidated via questionnaires starting with how risk management and secure coding can be
reinforced in SDLC; and how to achieve IT Security, PM and SDLC initiatives by developing a prototype
which was evaluated considering the aforementioned goals. This study aimed to practice NIST strategies
by integrating risk management checkpoints in the SDLC; enforce secure coding using static code analysis
tool by developing a prototype application mapped with IT Security goals, project management and SDLC
initiatives and evaluation of the impact of the proposed solution. This paper discussed how SecureTI was
able to satisfy IT Security requirements in the SDLC and PM phases.
There are essential security considerations in the systems used by semiconductor companies like TI. Along
with other semiconductor companies, TI has recognized that IT security is highly crucial during web
application developers' system development life cycle (SDLC). The challenges faced by TI web developers
were consolidated via questionnaires starting with how risk management and secure coding can be
reinforced in SDLC; and how to achieve IT Security, PM and SDLC initiatives by developing a prototype
which was evaluated considering the aforementioned goals. This study aimed to practice NIST strategies
by integrating risk management checkpoints in the SDLC; enforce secure coding using static code analysis
tool by developing a prototype application mapped with IT Security goals, project management and SDLC
initiatives and evaluation of the impact of the proposed solution. This paper discussed how SecureTI was
able to satisfy IT Security requirements in the SDLC and PM phases.
Agile development methods are commonly used to iteratively develop the information systems and they can
easily handle ever-changing business requirements. Scrum is one of the most popular agile software
development frameworks. The popularity is caused by the simplified process framework and its focus on
teamwork. The objective of Scrum is to deliver working software and demonstrate it to the customer faster
and more frequent during the software development project. However the security requirements for the
developing information systems have often a low priority. This requirements prioritization issue results in
the situations where the solution meets all the business requirements but it is vulnerable to potential
security threats.
The major benefit of the Scrum framework is the iterative development approach and the opportunity to
automate penetration tests. Therefore the security vulnerabilities can be discovered and solved more often
which will positively contribute to the overall information system protection against potential hackers.
In this research paper the authors propose how the agile software development framework Scrum can be
enriched by considering the penetration tests and related security requirements during the software
development lifecycle. Authors apply in this paper the knowledge and expertise from their previous work
focused on development of the new information system penetration tests methodology PETA with focus on
using COBIT 4.1 as the framework for management of these tests, and on previous work focused on
tailoring the project management framework PRINCE2 with Scrum.
The outcomes of this paper can be used primarily by the security managers, users, developers and auditors.
The security managers may benefit from the iterative software development approach and penetration tests
automation. The developers and users will better understand the importance of the penetration tests and
they will learn how to effectively embed the tests into the agile development lifecycle. Last but not least the
auditors may use the outcomes of this paper as recommendations for companies struggling with
penetrations testing embedded in the agile software development process.
How Should We Estimate Agile Software Development Projects and What Data Do W...Glen Alleman
Estimating techniques for an acquisition program progresses from analogies to actual cost method as the program matures and more information is known. The analogy method is most appropriate early in the program life cycle when the system is not yet fully defined.
Many companies and agencies conduct IT audits to test and assess the.docxtienboileau
Many companies and agencies conduct IT audits to test and assess the rigor of IT security controls in order to mitigate risks to IT networks. Such audits meet compliance mandates by regulatory organizations. Federal IT systems follow Federal Information System Management Act (FISMA) guidelines and report security compliance to US-CERT, the United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team, which handles defense and response to cyberattacks as part of the Department of Homeland Security. In addition, the Control Objective for Information Technology (COBIT) is a set of IT security guidelines that provides a framework for IT security for IT systems in the commercial sector.
These audits are comprehensive and rigorous, and negative findings can lead to significant fines and other penalties. Therefore, industry and federal entities conduct internal self-audits in preparation for actual external IT audits, and compile security assessment reports.
In this project, you will develop a 12-page written
security assessment report
and
executive briefing (slide presentation)
for a company and submit the report to the leadership of that company.
There are six steps to complete the project. Most steps in this project should take no more than two hours to complete, and the project as a whole should take no more than three weeks to complete. Begin with the workplace scenario, and then continue to Step 1.
Step 1: Conduct a Security Analysis Baseline
In the first step of the project, you will conduct a security analysis baseline of the IT systems, which will include a data-flow diagram of connections and endpoints, and all types of access points, including wireless. The baseline report will be part of the overall security assessment report (SAR).
You will get your information from a data-flow diagram and report from the Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool 2016. The scope should include network IT security for the whole organization. Click the following to view the data-flow diagram:
[diagram and report]
Include the following areas in this portion of the SAR:
Security requirements and goals for the preliminary security baseline activity.
Typical attacks to enterprise networks and their descriptions. Include Trojans, viruses, worms, denial of service, session hijacking, and social engineering. Include the impacts these attacks have on an organization.
Network infrastructure and diagram, including configuration and connections. Describe the security posture with respect to these components and the security employed: LAN, MAN, WAN, enterprise. Use these questions to guide you:
What are the security risks and concerns?
What are ways to get real-time understanding of the security posture at any time?
How regularly should the security of the enterprise network be tested, and what type of tests should be used?
What are the processes in play, or to be established to respond to an incident?
Workforce skill is a critical success factor in any.
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. It includes various phases such as planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. The SDLC provides structure for system designers and developers to follow a set sequence of activities from initial planning through evaluations. Different SDLC models exist, with the waterfall model being the oldest and best known, comprising sequential stages from requirements to maintenance.
With the emergence of virtualization and cloud computing technologies, several services are housed on virtualization platform. Virtualization is the technology that many cloud service providers rely on for efficient management and coordination of the resource pool. As essential services are also housed on cloud platform, it is necessary to ensure continuous availability by implementing all necessary measures. Windows Active Directory is one such service that Microsoft developed for Windows domain networks. It is included in Windows Server operating systems as a set of processes and services for authentication and authorization of users and computers in a Windows domain type network. The service is required to run continuously without downtime. As a result, there are chances of accumulation of errors or garbage leading to software aging which in turn may lead to system failure and associated consequences. This results in software aging. In this work, software aging patterns of Windows active directory service is studied. Software aging of active directory needs to be predicted properly so that rejuvenation can be triggered to ensure continuous service delivery. In order to predict the accurate time, a model that uses time series forecasting technique is built.
Similar to A SECURITY EVALUATION FRAMEWORK FOR U.K. E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT (20)
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
9 CEO's who hit $100m ARR Share Their Top Growth Tactics Nathan Latka, Founde...
A SECURITY EVALUATION FRAMEWORK FOR U.K. E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
1. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
DOI : 10.5121/ijnsa.2016.8204 51
A SECURITY EVALUATION FRAMEWORK
FOR U.K. E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES AGILE
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Steve Harrison1
,Antonis Tzounis2
, Leandros Maglaras1
, Francois Siewe1
, Richard
Smith1
and Helge Janicke1
1
De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
2
Department of Agriculture, Crop Production & Rural Environment , University of
Thessaly, Volos, Greece
ABSTRACT
This study examines the traditional approach to software development within the United Kingdom
Government and the accreditation process. Initially we look at the Waterfall methodology that has been
used for several years. We discuss the pros and cons of Waterfall before moving onto the Agile Scrum
methodology. Agile has been adopted by the majority of Government digital departments including the
Government Digital Services. Agile, despite its ability to achieve high rates of productivity organized in
short, flexible, iterations, has faced security professionals’ disbelief when working within the U.K.
Government. One of the major issues is that we develop in Agile but the accreditation process is conducted
using Waterfall resulting in delays to go live dates. Taking a brief look into the accreditation process that is
used within Government for I.T. systems and applications, we focus on giving the accreditor the assurance
they need when developing new applications and systems. A framework has been produced by utilising the
Open Web Application Security Project’s (OWASP) Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS).
This framework will allow security and Agile to work side by side and produce secure code.
KEYWORDS
Agile programming, OWASP, Waterfall Methodology
1. INTRODUCTION
This paper will be based around three concepts; firstly a literature review based on current
software development methodologies, like Waterfall and Agile, as well as a brief review of the
accreditation process and the Government Service Design Manual. Secondly a gap analysis on the
findings from the literature review, and, thirdly recommendations for addressing these gaps. We
finally present a framework in the shape of an excel spreadsheet, which is based on the Open
Web Application Security Project’s (OWASP) Application Security Verification Standard
(ASVS).
In the United Kingdom (U.K.) Her Majesty’s Government (HMG) are making more public
services available on-line for its citizens.[1] An example of this is purchasing vehicle tax online
now, instead of over the counter, in a Post Office. A number of departments and offices are
currently undergoing huge changes in making these services available, for example the
Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) are changing the way we access parts of the benefits
system by allowing claimants to make benefit claims on-line using the Universal Credit (UC)
system. The security within these on-line systems is of utmost importance to prevent fraud and
2. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
52
error.[2][3]Security is equally important for the front-end Internet services, as well as the back-
end processing systems. Therefore, security by design during the initial requirements phase is a
must.
Agile is a software development methodology that has been used in the commercial world for
some time, and it comes in different methods, such as Scrum, eXtreme Programming (XP),
Crystal and Adaptive Software Development (ASD). I.T. and digital departments within HMG,
despite their initial objections, are nowadays following the Agile approach to software/application
development. Security and Agile are not a good mix, though, and security can be seen as a
blocker in some cases. The formal HMG security accreditation process does not fit well with
Agile as this predominately follows a Waterfall process.[4] Agile is replacing the traditional
‘Waterfall’ methodology for software and digital project development. What is needed is a way
of embedding security into the Agile process without slowing down the rapid development nature
of Agile. At the same time, we need to give the accreditor and the senior business owner the
assurance they need to formally sign off the system for live use.
The focus of this work will be on developing a security framework that can be used within Agile
sprints to develop secure applications and to give assurance to both the accreditor/senior business
owner that any technical risks have been mitigated.
2. THE WATERFALL DEVELOPMENT MODEL
Our first aim was to conduct a mapping of the pros and cons of the methodologies at hand. First
of all we researched the Waterfall development method. Then we proceed with the Agile and the
Scrum methodology investigation, followed by an analysis on the current HMG accreditation
process and the Government Service Design Manual. Finally we investigate the use of testing
frameworks within Agile sprints in particular OWASP Application Security Verification Standard
(ASVS).
Traditionally, software and system development within Her Majesty’s Government (HMG)
Departments and Offices has followed a Waterfall methodology for development of anything
from small to large I.T. projects that have an impact on whole organisations for example the
National Health Service (NHS). The Waterfall methodology involves a series of cascading steps
that cover the development process with a small level of iteration between each stage. The major
problem with using the Waterfall methodology for the development of Web applications (and
also Information Systems) is the rigidity of its structure and lack of iteration between any stage,
other than adjacent stages. We should look in detail at each stage of the waterfall methodology
(Figure 1).
3. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
Figure 1. Waterfall methodology
Waterfall methodology is organized into the next sub
A) Requirements phase: Its m
and user needs that the system is being designed to solve. For example, take the NHS. A
business requirement could be to “analyse illness trends in relation to seasons”. A team of
business analysts, business users, managers and I.T. experts will be created to ensure all
the requirements are gathered correctly. The requirements phase, typically, consumes
approximately 30% of the overall development cycle. The requirements are usually “set
in stone” with little room for change once the decision has been made. Once the main
requirement have been gathered then subset requirements will be generated for example
the I.T. requirements could be split into security, service level agreements (SLA) or
software development. [5]
B) Design Phase: With all the requirements gathered the design of the actual system starts
to take place. Within a software project the design phase is split into two sections
first is the system design
It also includes how each component will interact with each other by means of a data
flow diagram.The second is the
component will operate separately. Software engineers are assigned to components to
plan how they will interact with each other. This has to be documented as this will form
the input for the next phase. The design phase will use approximately 35% of the overall
development cycle.[6]
C) Implementation Phase
The information from the first two phases is gathered and converted into working
software by means of the components.
D) Verification Phase: This phase is where the testing takes place
is User Acceptance Testing (UAT). This is to ensure that the system actually does what
the requirements and the design phases stipulated. Within HMG this is the phase that
Penetration Testing or an I.T. Health Check (I.T.H.C.) would be carried out. The testing
would be looking for vulnerabilities within the system infrastructure and applications
International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
Figure 1. Waterfall methodology Model.
erfall methodology is organized into the next sub-processes (phases):
Its main focus is to define and capture the business requirements
and user needs that the system is being designed to solve. For example, take the NHS. A
business requirement could be to “analyse illness trends in relation to seasons”. A team of
ts, business users, managers and I.T. experts will be created to ensure all
the requirements are gathered correctly. The requirements phase, typically, consumes
approximately 30% of the overall development cycle. The requirements are usually “set
with little room for change once the decision has been made. Once the main
requirement have been gathered then subset requirements will be generated for example
the I.T. requirements could be split into security, service level agreements (SLA) or
[5]
With all the requirements gathered the design of the actual system starts
to take place. Within a software project the design phase is split into two sections
system design, whichundertakes the overall system details and specifications.
It also includes how each component will interact with each other by means of a data
second is the component design,which focuses on how each individual
e separately. Software engineers are assigned to components to
plan how they will interact with each other. This has to be documented as this will form
the input for the next phase. The design phase will use approximately 35% of the overall
: This phase is when the software development actually starts.
The information from the first two phases is gathered and converted into working
are by means of the components.
This phase is where the testing takes place. Usually the first testing
is User Acceptance Testing (UAT). This is to ensure that the system actually does what
the requirements and the design phases stipulated. Within HMG this is the phase that
Testing or an I.T. Health Check (I.T.H.C.) would be carried out. The testing
would be looking for vulnerabilities within the system infrastructure and applications
International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
53
ain focus is to define and capture the business requirements
and user needs that the system is being designed to solve. For example, take the NHS. A
business requirement could be to “analyse illness trends in relation to seasons”. A team of
ts, business users, managers and I.T. experts will be created to ensure all
the requirements are gathered correctly. The requirements phase, typically, consumes
approximately 30% of the overall development cycle. The requirements are usually “set
with little room for change once the decision has been made. Once the main
requirement have been gathered then subset requirements will be generated for example
the I.T. requirements could be split into security, service level agreements (SLA) or
With all the requirements gathered the design of the actual system starts
to take place. Within a software project the design phase is split into two sections. The
overall system details and specifications.
It also includes how each component will interact with each other by means of a data
focuses on how each individual
e separately. Software engineers are assigned to components to
plan how they will interact with each other. This has to be documented as this will form
the input for the next phase. The design phase will use approximately 35% of the overall
This phase is when the software development actually starts.
The information from the first two phases is gathered and converted into working
sually the first testing
is User Acceptance Testing (UAT). This is to ensure that the system actually does what
the requirements and the design phases stipulated. Within HMG this is the phase that
Testing or an I.T. Health Check (I.T.H.C.) would be carried out. The testing
would be looking for vulnerabilities within the system infrastructure and applications
4. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
54
running the system. If major issues are found then this could result in components being
re-written in software, this can have the knock on affect that if one component is changed
it can affect the operation of other components. The implementation and verification
phase will use approximately 30% of the overall development cycle.
E) Maintenance Phase:This phase of the project is normally where the system is signed off
for use by an accreditor and operationally accepted by the business. This is to ensure
everything is running within parameters and that changes or patches to the system are
applied using change control methods. The maintenance phase is also preparing
everything for “go-live”, for example the training of staff, ensuring documentation is
complete and handing over the system to the operational staff. The Ops staff will be
responsible for the daily running of the system. The maintenance phase will use
approximately 5% of the overall development cycle.
As we can see the output of each stage is the input for the following stage. However, the
Waterfall method does not fit into modern software development needs were business
requirements are often rapidly changing. Waterfall is often referred to a “Big Design Upfront”
(BDUF) approach, this is where the application design is to be completed and perfected before
the application implementation is started. Hence the need for a more flexible approach to
software development and Agile [7].
The Internet is a rapidly advancing environment with new technologies becoming available
almost daily. Any methodology used for the development of Web sites must be flexible enough to
cope with change.[8]. This does not only apply to web sites but can also apply to I.T. projects in
general.In 1970 Winston W. Royce delivered a paper to the IEEE WestCom engineering
conference, this paper described what is now considered traditional waterfall. The paper
described a sequential process where each phase is completed before the next begins. Royce
offered this model as an example of how not to do software development. However, the audience
liked this development model and in 1985 the American Department of Defence (DoD) adopted it
as the official methodology for developing projects. [9]
2.1. Waterfall Issues
Waterfall follows a sequential process completing each phase before moving onto the next. Each
phase is fully documented before moving on, this documentation can take a long time to achieve
resulting in projects being delayed. The production of vast amounts of documentation during the
initial requirements phase can lead to the omissions (due to the process being tedious) of some
requirements which can have a serious knock on effect during the other phases of the process.
During Waterfall development the requirements both business and system are “set in stone”.
Indeed, the backbone to Waterfall is in the requirement phase. This freezing of the requirements
is great for software developers as everybody knows upfront what is expected. However,
technologies are changing on a daily basis. Moreover, business or customers may not know the
exact requirements they have. So, software development has to be dynamic and adapt to these
changes and system requirements. Waterfall does not accommodate these changes readily.
By the time the system reaches operational ‘go live’ and is about to be handed over to the
operations team, the systems are in desperate need for software and patching updates. This again
can add to the delay for the project to go live due to operations rejecting a system that is needing
patching. There is normally a discussion or quite often a standoff between operations and project
5. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
55
staff about the handover, with the operations staff having to take on the operational running of the
system due to pressure from the business. Normally at the end of a Waterfall project there is a
“lessons learnt” meeting, which can, and often, lasts for hours. It is very much focused on
team/technology/project specific issues that have occurred during the project. In the authors
experience the majority of people who attend a “lessons learnt” meeting that lasts for several
hours are reluctant to mention issues they encountered for the sheer fact they want to get out of
the meeting and move onto the next project.When Government has used Waterfall in the past this
has often resulted in huge overspend, delays in getting the system operational and less
functionality than originally expected.
2.2. Agile Scrum
Scrum is a simple framework used to organize teams and get work done more productively, with
higher quality. It is a “lean” approach to software development that allows teams to choose the
amount of work to be done and decide how to do it best. Designed to adapt to changing
requirements during the development process at short, regular intervals, it prioritizes customer
requirements to evolve the work product in real time to customer needs. In this way, Scrum
provides what the customer wants at the time of delivery (improving customer satisfaction) while
eliminating waste (work that is not highly valued by the customer) [10]. Although Sutherland
gives a very good description of Scrum there is no mention of security considerations when
developing software.
Agile follows a thought process of Fail Fast, Fail Often in order to improve the software and the
teams developing the software. Many agile puritans read these agile values and interpret them
incorrectly, the use of the word “over” is misconstrued to mean “instead of” an example this
would be the second agile value “Working software over comprehensive documentation”, or,
“Working software” is more valuable than “comprehensive documentation” when thinking about
delivery to the customer in principle number one.
2.2.1.Scrum
It has been said that Agile Scrum is compared to a rugby team scrum in where the team move and
work as one. When this is compared to the relatively linear approach of Waterfall it is easy to see
how Agile Scrum became known as Scrum[10][11].
The artefacts listed below are what enable the Scrum process to deliver products:
A) Product Backlog: A list of deliverables for the project, like: features, functionality or
bug fixes.
B) Sprint Backlog: A list of tasks or user stories that have been identified by the Scrum
team that will be completed by the sprint team.
C) Burn Charts: There are two type of burn charts “burn up” and “burn down”. Burn charts
show the team the relationship between time and scope. Time is on the horizontal X-axis
while scope is on the Y-axis. A burn up chart shows how much of the scope the team has
completed over a period of time. A burn down chart show what work is left to do.The
two charts are used independently.
6. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
56
D) Task Board:The task board in its simplest form consists of three columns these are:To
Do, Doing, and Done.
E) User Stories:Agile user stories are a main element in the methodology, they are short
descriptions from the viewpoint of the user. They normally consist of the following short
sentences, like: “As a <type of user>, I want <some goal> so that <some reason>”
2.2.2. Roles within Scrum
Scrum recognises three primary roles:
A) Product Owner: Usually a member of the business who understands what is trying to be
achieved by completing the project, they often have direct contact with the customers
who will use the software/system.
B) Scrum Master: Brings leadership to the team, but this not is leadership though influence
of being a higher rank within the organisation but rather has a helpful friend or “agony
aunt”.
C) Team Member: The scrum team usually consists of approximately 7 members, plus or
minus two. The members have a variety of skills depending on the project they are taking
part in.
2.3. Sprints
Sprints are one of the fundamental concepts of Agile, this is the process of splitting or dividing
your overall project into smaller pieces. An example of this can be an application that has various
functions take Microsoft Word for instance. The overall project would be to design a word
processing application however functions like save, print and labels would be split into smaller
pieces of work or sprints. These functions when combined with other functions are what make up
the application. The same would happen in an Agile project.
2.3.1. Sprint Planning
Sprint planning occurs at the beginning of the sprint; the meeting is normally split into two parts.
The first part of the meeting deals with the deliverables for the sprint so that the team are
committed to producing what is needed. At the second part of the meeting the team deals with the
identification of the tasks that are needed to complete the stories. The user story could be “as a
user I want to be able to print from the application”. The tasks associated with the user story
could be: design the icon and design the print screen wireframe once the icon is pressed.
2.3.2. Sprint Review
At the end of the sprint a review takes place this review goes under the guises of “show and tell”
or “sprint demo” in essence it is the same thing. It is a chance for the team members to show off
their work to the stakeholders and also report on which work did not get completed.
2.3.3. Retrospective
This is a review meeting also held at the end of each sprint, it is a kind of lessons learn exercise
that all sprints normally hold. The difference in Agile is the lessons learnt will be applied to the
7. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
57
next sprint whereas with a Waterfall project the lessons learnt is at the end of the project with the
intention of applying these lessons to the next big project. In reality this seldom happens and
everybody is just happy to get out of the meeting to start another project.
2.4. Daily scrum
The daily scrum or stand-up meeting is as the name suggests daily meetings for team members,
scrum master and product owners[12]. These are often referred to as “committed” members.
Other members are “involved” members these could be sales directors, Chief Technology Officer
(CTO) or Chief Information Security Officers (CISO). The meeting are normally held in the same
place at the same time, each team member will be asked to inform the meeting members of the
following:
A) What I accomplished since the last scrum meeting.
B) What I expect to accomplish by the next scrum meeting.
C) What obstacles are slowing me down.
Should there be any slippage or delays then the product owner will know immediately and may
be able to take corrective action. In theory the product owner should be aware of all outstanding
issues no more than a day old.
As we can see Agile is clearly about producing good code in a timely manner of which it does
without doubt. One issue that is on most security consultants and accreditors minds is “where is
the security in all of this rapid development and how do I get it accredited”.
2.5. Issues with Agile Scrum
When comparing Agile scrum to the Waterfall methodology there are obvious advantages in
favour of Agile. Being able to change user requirements for example, however all is not plain
sailing within the Agile methodology.
Looking at the values of agile we can see the four main values:
A) Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
B) Working software over comprehensive documentation
C) Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
D) Responding to change over following a plan
Many agile puritans can take the above values literally and in the case of value number 2 can use
this as an excuse not to document their work. Some developers see the documentation of their
work as adding comments to the code to help explain certain functionality. In a study by Juyun
Cho in 2008 were he interviewed nine developers in a company that produced small to medium
web based projects, he found that several developers would comment their code but several did
not.[13] This can lead to issues when new members join the team and are trying to understand
what has been done in the past. This with the lack of a security framework can make developers
write code that is unstable and insecure.
8. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
58
There is one gaping hole in the Agile methodology and that is lack of any security
consideration.[14]The growing trend towards the use of agile techniques for building web
applications means that it is essential that security engineering methods are integrated with agile
processes.[15] Agile rapidly produces code on daily/weekly basis and that is what it is excellent
at. However, we then revert back to the Waterfall methodology when it comes to performing an
I.T.H.C. and technical accreditation activities.The Fail Fast, Fail Often is good when developing
software, however this cannot be applied in a security context. This would result in data security
breaches, loss of information and have massive reputational damage to the organisation who
implemented it.
As we can see the Agile methodology for developing software by creating smaller chunks of
work rather that an “all or bust” mentality found in Waterfall has obvious advantages. The lack of
security within Agile is not entirely true, as we do have pair programing giving more assurance
than security. As we have seen this can be costly to an organisation having to double up on staff
and in times were public services are being cut and civil servants are losing their jobs does not
bawd well.
Performing pen testing activities within the sprint could prove to be extremely expensive when
using third party testers. There is also the issue of getting pen testers on-site as there is usually a
high demand for their skills within the market. Having pen testers assigned to projects to perform
testing in the sprints for maybe 2 hours per day is also a waste of resource. Another solution is
needed.
2.6. Government Service Design Manual
The following section briefly explores the Government Service Deign Manual, which is the
standard that all new digital Government services are designed around. It is important to have a
brief overview of this standard as this affects the accreditation process.[16]
Software development goes through these phases:
A) Discovery: This phase can be seen as a scoping phase where the project team is looking
at user and business requirements, policies that can affect the service. If this is the
transformation of an existing service into a digital service, then understanding the old
service for example legacy interfaces and its underlying infrastructure is essential.
B) Alpha: This is the phase were the Agile SDLC is started. The alpha release is the first
release of the software or prototype the idea being that it will be used by stakeholders or
end users to do the following[17]:
a. Gain an insight into the service being developed.
b. Testing the design concepts and the technology.
c. Building a team.
d. Gain an understanding who or what you’ll need for the Beta stage.
C) Beta: The objective of the beta phase is to build a fully working prototype which you can
test using your end users. Within the beta phase you are continuously tweaking the by
rewriting code or replacing code to ensure the prototype is ready to go live. During beta
9. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
59
you will also ensure that any interfaces with other systems/application are operating
correctly. The Beta is also were the security accreditation work is started.
D) Live:At this stage the application is ready for release it has undergone testing and been
signed off by the business that they accept any risks. Also at this stage the project team
would hand over to operational support including security operations who will monitor
the application and be responsible for its day to day running and keeping it secure for
example via patching. It is at this phase were you get the system accredited meaning the
business has accepted any residual risks and has signed this off.
E) Retirement: At this stage the system has served its life span and will be
decommissioned. Users will be informed that the service is ending. URL’s will be
redirected to the new service if applicable.
From a security viewpoint, the following will apply but there could be others depending on the
service:
A) Data retention, how long do we need to keep the old data.
B) Transferring the old data to a new provider in a secure manner.
C) Data destruction, what is a suitable method to destroy the data.
D) Decommission of old equipment in particular storage devices
2.7. Issues with the Government Digital Service Manual
The Government Digital Service Manual is a relatively new process and is being fine-tuned
constantly. There is potential for improvement from a security perspective.
Security is not officially engaged until the Beta phase of the service design process. Then we
expect the security architect/consultant to get up to speed with the project. The security architect
has then to understand the business requirements along with the application being designed and
coded. The architect will start asking questions for example:
A) What is the risk appetite of the organisation?
B) Who are the threat actors?
A security architect/consultant will not only be looking at technical security of the service but
also the legal aspects of the service for example the U.K. Data Protection Act (DPA) and other
European Union (EU) legislation.
As stated above this is a new process and as the process evolves it is being improved with each
iteration.
2.8.HMG Security Standards and the Accreditation Process
HMG is governed by a series of security standards and frameworks from a multitude of sources
including the Cabinet Office (CO) and the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ)
Information Assurance (IA) branch, Communications Electronic Security Group (CESG). CESG
provide IA assistance to Government via its internal staff, publications and until recently a body
of approximately 600 private sector security consultants who make up the CESG Listed Advisor
Scheme (CLAS). CLAS consultants typically advise Government organisations on behalf of
10. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
60
CESG on matters of IA and Security in general. The CLAS scheme is due to close between the
end of 2015 and mid-2016. A new scheme called the Cyber Security Consultancy will replace it.
Some examples of the many policies and frameworks that provide IA governance within HMG
are:
A) The Security Policy Framework (SPF 2014).
B) CESG policies and guidelines for IA and risk management.
C) Data Protection Act (DPA).
D) Official Secrets Act (OSA).
E) CPNI Advice.
F) Council of the European Union (EU) Security Committee.
Other non U.K. Government agencies that provide advise are:
A) European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA).
B) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) based in North America
Before discussing the accreditation process, it is important to discuss the accreditor. This is the
person who will make decisions on behalf of the business risk owner, for example the risk owner
could be a senior civil servant who is the sponsor for the project or the information asset owner.
The accreditor must have a very good understanding of the business objectives; the value of the
data the organisation is trying to protect.
Below is definition of accreditation this is taken from the document produced by CESG titled
“CESG IA Top Tips 2014/01 Accreditation”:
“Accreditation is a decision - made by the business - to demonstrate confidence that the risks of
engaging in an activity are balanced against the expected benefits of that activity.”[18]
For example, a potential supplier of a web application whose users accessed via the Internet, the
application had known security vulnerabilities that could not be mitigated. The accreditor
normally would not recommend the application to be used in a live production service. In a
different scenario, that very same application, does not connect to the Internet, and only one
person can access the application from a closed network, that has no external links to other
networks and is totally isolated. In this case, the accreditor may allow the system to be used as the
risk of attack via an external attack vector is far less than that of the Internet connected
application.
Risk-based decisions should also take the financial costs to secure a system into consideration, if
the costs to secure a system outweigh the costs that the system will generate then it is clearly not
acceptable to spend the money securing the system an alternative should be sought.[19]The
accreditation process is often lengthy and heavily dependent on documentation being produced at
every stage and generally follows the Waterfall methodology. Accreditation is often engaged well
after the system has been designed and is ready to go into production (live), this can produce
extra costs to the business in having to redesign elements of the system to gain accreditation. It is
often heavily dependent on the production of Risk Management and Accreditation
Documentation Sets (RMADS). This is a document the accreditor will sign off to show he/she is
happy with the risk approach that has been taken to the system. RMADS can be 150 plus pages’
long that are stored in a secure repository gathering dust and will generally only come out once a
year for review and an I.T.H.C. (IT Health Check) being carried out. In between that time, we are
reliant on a good patch management process keeping systems updated from known
11. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
61
vulnerabilities. In essence the RMADS are a snap shot of the system at a singular point in time, in
today’s fast paced world a more dynamic process is needed to keep pace with technology and
attack vector changes.
Normally within the accreditation process a penetration test or I.T.H.C. is carried out on the post
live application. For HMG this is normally carried out by a third party testing company who a
CHECK accredited by CESG allowing them to penetration test HMG systems and
applications.Once the I.T.H.C. has been carried out a report is generated on the vulnerabilities
found within the application. This will form a basis for the production of a risk treatment plan
(RPT), the RTP will list in order of severity the vulnerabilities found. The organisation will have
a risk appetite; this is the amount of risk the organisation is prepared to tolerate before allowing a
solution to go live. This is normally either set at High, Medium or Low. Once a vulnerability has
been treated and mitigated the next vulnerability will be treated, this process goes on until all the
risk at the risk appetite and above have been mitigated. Once this has happened and the risk
management documentation has been complied and accepted will the system be allowed to go
live. There are exceptions to this within some Government departments. The accreditor and the
business can grant an Authority to Operate (ATO) allowing the system to be tested prior to the
formal accreditation process to be completed.
The accreditation process is heavily reliant on documentation, while the Agile approach supports
the idea of only producing documentation when necessary and being ready to incorporate changes
rapidly. Obviously, the two approaches do not bond very well.
2.9. Issues with the Accreditation Process
The accreditation process currently used with HMG is not suitable for a fast-paced methodology
such as Agile. This is due to the accreditation process generally following a Waterfall
methodology and not being easily adaptable to rapid changes.As we have seen, Agile is about
creating software and getting it live as soon as possible. Within the Agile principles, there is no
mention on how we create secure software; this is left to the individual organisation to try and
resolve.
The accreditation process differs between different projects. There is not a standard or a “one size
fits all” approach. Each project has to be assessed within its own rights.What is needed is a new
accreditation methodology that can work well with Agile but still satisfy the requirements of the
business and accreditor to show that risks and in particular technical risks have been mitigated to
an acceptable level for the business to be satisfied.
It could be that we are now entering a new way of trying to ensure our systems and software are
secure, by using assurance rather than a formal accreditation process.
3. OWASP APPLICATION SECURITY VERIFICATION STANDARD
One of the aims of the OWASP Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS) project is to
enable a framework for performing Web application security verification using a commercially
workable open standard that anybody can contribute to. The standard provides a basis for testing
web application technical security controls, as well as any technical security controls in the
environment, that are relied on, to protect against vulnerabilities such as Cross-Site Scripting
(XSS) and SQL injection. This standard can be used to establish a level of confidence in the
12. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
62
security of web applications which can greatly assist the accreditor in his assessment of the risks
associated with the application.
ASVS can be used to produce an internal or external I.T.H.C. testing scope document. Third party
and internal testers can test the application using the scope document ASVS produces. The
standard will also provide guidance to application developers as to what security considerations
to think about when developing the code for the application. This is also known as “security by
design”. Incorporating “security by design” can save time and work having to retrofit and fix
issues that are otherwise highlighted in the I.T.H.C. or pen test. It also gives an accreditor
confidence that applications/systems are being developed with due diligence. ASVS can also
assist in the writing of contracts or tender documents, to ensure suppliers are aware of what
security controls are needed within the application they are developing. (OWASP, 2014)
ASVS uses three levels for security controls, these are Levels 1, 2 and 3. The definition of these
levels is as follows:
A) L1 is intended for all software.
B) L2 is for applications that process sensitive data that requires protection.
C) L3 is for systems that handle sensitive personal data and or data that could have an impact
on national security.
The table below is shows the industry and threat profile it also gives examples of the three levels
discussed above. This has the potential to be mapped to HMG security classifications:
A) L1 (OFFICIAL)
B) L2 (OFFICIAL/OFFICIAL SENSITIVE)
C) L3 (SECRET/TOP SECRET)
13. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
63
Table 1. ASVS Levels. [20]
Industry Threat Profile
Recommendation
L1 L2 L3
Manufacturing,
professional,
transportation,
technology,
utilities,
infrastructure,
Government
and defence.
These industries may not
appear to have very much in
common, but the threat actors
who are likely to attack
organizations in this segment
are more likely to perform
focused attacks with more
time, skill, and resources.
Often the sensitive information
or systems are not easy to
locate and require leveraging
insiders and social engineering
techniques. Attacks may
involve insiders, outsiders, or
be collusion between the two.
Their goals may include
gaining access to intellectual
property for strategic or
technological advantage. We
also do not want to overlook
attackers looking to abuse
application functionality
influence the behavior of or
disrupt sensitive systems.
Most attackers are looking for
sensitive data that can be used
to directly or indirectly profit
from to include personally
identifiable information and
payment data. Often the data
can be used for identity theft,
fraudulent payments, or a
variety of fraud schemes.
All network
accessible
applications.
Applications
containing
internal
information or
information
about
employees that
may be
leveraged in
social
engineering.
Applications
containing
nonessential,
but important
intellectual
property or
trade secrets.
Applications
containing
valuable
intellectual
property, trade
secrets, or
government
secrets (e.g. in
the United States
this may be
anything
classified at
Secret or above)
that is critical to
the survival or
success of the
organization.
Applications
controlling
sensitive
functionality
(e.g. transit,
manufacturing
equipment,
control systems)
or that have the
possibility of
threatening
safety of life.
The thought process behind the spreadsheet is for it to act as a framework providing guidance for
security architects and developers when developing applications within an Agile sprint. The
framework can also provide guidance for creating testing scope documents and for commercial
departments to provide a baseline of security controls when outsourcing application development.
3.1. How to Use the Framework Spreadsheet
The screenshot below (Figure 2) shows the first worksheet that you will come to on opening the
workbook. The “Cover” worksheet is the default, you must Enable Content that is displayed in
the Security Warning to use the workbook. Here you can see the list of security controls
embedded within the buttons.
14. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
64
Figure 1. Initial Screen.
The first action is press the “Reset Data” button this will zero all entries on all worksheets ready
for data input.
Figure 2. Security Control Screen.
The next thing to do is select the security controls you require for your project. You can use “Y”,
“y”, “YES”, “yes” or “Yes”. Note you need to select the section, this example “Architecture
Design and Threat Modelling” has a Y in the “Required” cell.After you have selected the controls
you need click the “Back to Cover Sheet” button and select the next security controls needed. Do
this until all required controls have been selected.With the required security controls selected next
select the “Create Test Scope” button this will then create the required test scope as in figure 4.
Figure 4. Test Scope.
15. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
65
Once the test scope is created you have the option to save the test scope worksheet into a separate
workbook. You can use the “Save Test Scope As” button on the “Test Scope” worksheet or go
back to the “Cover” worksheet to save. You can change the name of the file to be saved to your
own choice. The test scope is created in the same directory as the framework spreadsheet.To
create another test scope you will need to reset the data and start the process again.
4. RECOMMENDATIONS
There are three main common uses for the framework are:
A) To assist security architects in writing I.T.H.C/Pen testing scope documents.
B) To assist developers within Agile sprints.
C) To assist Commercial departments in the tender process.
What will be discussed below is a more detailed look into each of the three uses.
4.1. Security by Design within Agile Sprints
By incorporating the security framework within the Agile SDLC the security architect along with
the software developers can help bridge the gap that exists within Agile Scrum in the fact that
there are no security considerations.The framework could be discussed within the sprint backlog
meeting with the security architect present. In a joint effort the security architect and developers
can go through the framework and match the controls to the sprint. This has the added benefit that
the security architect is now a sprint team member and included within the team. What has
happened in the past is that the security architect is often seen as a non-team member and
communication between the developers and the architect is non-existent. This also fits with the
following Agile values and principles.
Values:
A) Individuals and interactions over processes and tools.
Principles:
A) Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the project.
B) The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a
development team is face-to-face conversation.
C) Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility.
In addition to using the framework within the Agile sprints, automated source code checking
could be used. This would give some form of assurance to the business that the application has no
glaring security holes in it. It would also aid in situations where the infrastructure has not been
built to test the code on.A copy of the test scope should also be placed next to the Agile task
board acting as a daily reminder of the security controls for the sprint.
4.2.I.T.H.C/Pen Testing Development
The framework in this instance could be used to help the security architects in developing an
internal testing scope or a testing scope for third party testers.Security architects and consultants
need to have an understanding of the ongoing work, and be able to perform penetration testing to
16. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
66
a suitable standard. The framework should be used as the scope for such testing. Having a
security architect available to security test code would enable the smooth integration of security
within the Agile sprint.
The application will still have to be formally penetration tested by a CHECK test team prior to
going live (only in Central Government) but by testing internally we can be assured that no huge
security vulnerabilities exist. This will reduce the risk that the final testing will find any
vulnerabilities that could prevent the application from go live.
4.3.Commercial Tender Process
When outsourcing the development of systems to third parties the framework can be used as a
baseline of security controls that must be followed by the supplier’s developers. Suppliers can
add addition security controls but must adhere to the framework as a reference baseline.
4.4.Government Service Design Manual
In the Government Service Design Manual security and accreditation are not engaged until the
Beta phase of the process, what would be better is rather than having one work stream have two.
The first work stream will follow the process as advised in the manual. The second work stream
would be the security work stream. This would run in parallel when the discovery phase begins.
This would enable security to have a greater understanding of the business requirements and
current issues. It would also enable security to start on the risk and threat modelling activities,
these would be fine-tuned and updated until the Beta phase begins.
4.5.General Recommendations
The framework could be used as a reference when organisations are developing applications
using non Agile methodologies, for example the framework could be used as a reference artefact
for use within The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF).
Security architects and security consultants often come from a networking or infrastructure
background, with smaller software development experience. It would be impossible for a security
architect to be proficient in every software development language for the purpose of security
checking code. What could be achieved is providing basic security training or briefings to
developers to give them an understanding of what security concerns they should be addressing
within the sprint. The developers are at the coal face and working with code on a daily basis,
whereas a security architect or consultant may not be.In addition to using the framework within
the Agile sprints, automated source code checking could be used. This would give some form of
assurance to the business that the application has no glaring security holes in it.
5. CONCLUSION
This work takes an initial step into the integration of a security framework into Agile scrum used
within HMG. For Agile and the security accreditation processes to work together there has to be a
compromise between the two. For a long time, security has been seen as a blocker or at least a
massive speed bump that slows down a project, in some cases bringing the project to a complete
halt.
17. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
67
Project managers and the business will often try to circumvent the speed bump, often by
deliberately not informing the security team about decisions made within the project. This can,
and often does, have the undesired effect of weakening the security and allowing vulnerabilities
to be missed.For systems at the OFFICIAL classification, the “old style” way we think about
security within HMG has to change. There still has to be a formal process of providing evidence
to the business that a system or application is as secure as it can be. However, this process is
moving more to an assurance rather than full blown accreditation process.
The business needs to engage with security at the very beginning of the discovery phase and not
at the very end of the development process as often this is too late for security to have any impact.
Security has to be seen as a business enabler and be embedded into the overhaul process, not
something that we think about at the last minute.
6. REFERENCES
[1] L. Carter, V. Weerakkody, B. Phillips and Y. K. Dwivedi, “Citizen Adoption of E-Government
Services: Exploring Citizen Perceptions of Online Services in the US and UK.,” Information
Systems Management, 2016.
[2] V. Venkatesh, J. Y. Thong, F. K. Chan and P. J. Hu, “Managing Citizens’ Uncertainty in E-
Government Services: The Mediating and Moderating Roles of Transparency and Trust,”
Information Systems Research, 2016.
[3] V. Weerakkody, Z. Irani, H. Lee, I. Osman and N. Hindi, “E-government implementation: A bird’s
eye view of issues relating to costs, opportunities, benefits and risks,” Information systems frontiers
17.4, pp. 889-915, 2015.
[4] M. Davies, J. Happa and I. Agrafiotis, “A Pilot Study Investigating The Process of Risk Assessment
and Re-Accreditation in UK Public Sector Systems,” in Eighth York Doctoral Symposium on
Computer Science & Electronics , 2015.
[5] N. M. A. Munassar and A. Govardhan, “A comparison between five models of software
engineering,” IJCSI (5), pp. 95-101, 2010.
[6] A. Dennis, B. Haley Wixom and R. M. Roth, System Analysis and Design, 6th Edition, John Wiley
& Sons, 2015.
[7] S. Balaji and M. S. Murugaiyan, “Waterfall vs. V-Model vs. Agile: A comparative study on SDLC,”
International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management, pp. 26-30, 2012.
[8] C. Sims and H. L. Johnson, The Elements of Scrum, Dymaxicon, 2011.
[9] D. Howcroft and C. John, “A proposed methodology for Web development,” in ECIS 2000
Proceedings, 2000.
[10] J. Sutherland and K. Schwaber, “The Scrum Papers: Nut, Bolts, and Origins of an Agile
Framework,” 29 January 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.scruminc.com/scrumpapers.pdf.
[11] K. Schwaber, SCRUM Development Process, London: Springer , 1997.
[12] K. Schwaber and M. Beedle, Agile Software Development with Scrum, Pearson International, 2002.
[13] J. Cho, “Issues and Challenges of agile software development with SCRUM,” Issues in Information
Systems 9.2, pp. 188-195, 2008.
[14] C. Howard, R. F. Paige and X. Ge, “Agile security using an incremental security architecture,”
Extreme Programming and Agile Processes in Software Engineering, pp. 57-65, 2005.
[15] H. Oueslati, M. M. Rahman, L. ben Othmane, I. Ghani and A. F. B. Arbain, “Evaluation of the
Challenges of Developing Secure Software Using the Agile Approach,” International Journal of
Secure Software Engineering (IJSSE) 7.1, pp. 17-37, 2016.
[16] Gov.uk, “Agile delivery, Agile and government services: an introduction,” [Online]. Available:
https://www.gov.uk/service-manual/agile.
[17] Gov.uk [2], “Government Service Design Manual,” [Online]. Available:
https://www.gov.uk/service-manual.
[18] CESG, “CESG IA Top Tips 2014/01 - Accreditation,” CESG, 2014.
18. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
68
[19] CESG, “CIATT 2014-01 - Accreditation March 2014,” CESG, 2014.
[20] OWASP, “OWASP Application Security Verification Standard Project (ASVS),”
[Online].Available:
https://www.owasp.org/images/6/67/OWASPApplicationSecurityVerificationStandard3.0.pdf.
Authors
Mr. Steve Harrison is a Senior Enterprise Security Architect, specializing in I.T.
security infrastructure and Information Assurance. He is employed by
CyberSecurity Consultants Ltd based in the United Kingdom, often employed on
Government I.T projects as a security advisor. Steve is a Certified CESG
Professional (CCP) at senior IA architect level, a ISC2 Certified Information
System Security Professional (CISSP) and a ISC2 certified Information Systems
Security Architecture Professional (ISSAP).
Antonis Tzounis received his B.Sc. degree in Cultural Technology and
Communication (Cultural Informatics) of the University of the Aegean and MSc
from the department of Electrical Engineering, University of Thessaly, Greece. As
a PhD student of the Agricultural School of the University of Thessaly, he is
currently involved in several research projects emphasizing on the design and
development of IoT/WSN deployments and web services for surveillance,
monitoring and control applications, focusing on agricultural sector research. His
research interests include embedded systems programming and communications,
sensors, greenhouse climate control and modelling.
Dr. LeandrosMaglaras received the B.Sc. degree from Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki, Greece in 1998, M.Sc. in Industrial Production and Management
from University of Thessaly in 2004 and M.Sc. and PhD degrees in Electrical &
Computer Engineering from University of Volos, in 2008 and 2014 respectively.
He is currently a Lecturer in the School of Computer Science and Informatics at the
De Montfort University, U.K. During 2014 he was a Research Fellow in the
Department of Computer Science at the University of Surrey, U.K. He has
participated in various research programs investigating vehicular and ICT
technologies (reduction-project.eu), sustainable development (islepact.eu), cyber
security (cockpitci.eu, fastpass-project.eu) and optimization and prediction of the
dielectric behavior of air gaps (optithesi.webs.com). His research interests include
wireless sensor networks and vehicular ad hoc networks. He is an author of more
than 40 papers in scientific magazines and conferences.
Dr Francois Siewe is a Senior Lecturer in the Software Technology Research
Laboratory (STRL) of the Faculty of Technology at De Montfort University
(DMU), in Leicester in the UK. Before joining STRL, he was a research fellow on
the EPSRC-funded project MELANGE on modelling the structure dependent
colour properties of melange yarns in the Textile Engineering And Material
(TEAM) research group at DMU. This followed tenure as lecturer and vistiting
researcher in the Institute of Technology of Lens at University of Artois in Lens,
France. Prior to this, he was a fellow at the United Nation University/ International
Institute for Software Technology (UNU/IIST) in Macau, where he worked on the
Design Techniques for Reat-time systems (DeTfoRs) project. He was also a lecturer
in the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of
Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
19. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) Vol.8, No.2, March 2016
69
Dr Richard Smith is a Senior Lecturer at De Montfort University. He is a member
of the CSC/STRL and has worked extensively with the European Space agency and
NASA, as both technical lead and prime for global international consortia. He has
managed contracts worth over €2 million with teams comprising partners from both
academia and industry, producing scientific results far exceeding original
expectations which led to numerous CCNs to expand the remit of projects such as
River & Lake, hosted by DMU on behalf of ESA. Richard has published over 40
papers in peer-reviewed publications and has presented at numerous international
conferences to world experts.
Dr. Helge Janicke obtained his first degree in “practical informatics” from the
University of Applied Sciences, Emden (Germany). During his doctoral studies he
was funded by the Data and Information Fusion Defence Technology Centre (DIF-
DTC), a research consortium of high-tech companies and universities which formed
a key plank of the UK Government's future vision for defence technology
development. He was awarded his PhD in 2007 from De Montfort University
(DMU) and subsequently worked for the DIF-DTC consortium as a Research
Fellow, funded jointly by QinetiQ and the Ministry of Defence. In 2008, Janicke
worked for the University of Leicester as a Teaching Fellow leading several
modules on software engineering, quality assurance and measurement theory. He
provided consultancy services to SGS/Ofgem on quality assurance and testing in
software used in the UK's gas supply network. Janicke worked on the NATO
funded project “Trust Management in Networks of Networks” in collaboration with
the University of Maryland (US)and the University of Skopje (FYROM). In
January 2009, Janicke returned to DMU to lead the Computer Security and Trust
research theme in the Software Technology Research Laboratory (STRL).