The Delphi Decision Maker system has been designed to support the decision making needs of crisis managers, considering factors such as stress, time pressure, information overload, and uncertainty. It has been built as a module for the Sahana Disaster Management system, a free and open source system. The Design Science research paradigm was used in an iterative development process. Triangulation was employed in the evaluation, analyzing the system against the research questions using both qualitative and quantitative statistics as well as proof of concept. Modifications need to be made for real world use. A second version of the system is under development. Research findings and future research are outlined in this work in progress.
This document discusses the value of including end-users in the system development process. It defines end-users as the everyday users of a finished product. Involving end-users can provide advantages like quicker design, higher user acceptance, and new ideas. However, there are also disadvantages like limited technical knowledge. The document examines how to select which end-users to involve and measures of user satisfaction. It outlines drawbacks of not involving end-users such as user resistance, higher costs, and a poor relationship between end-users and IT.
Recommender systems in the scope of opinion formation: a modelMarcel Blattner, PhD
1. The document proposes a model to simulate recommendation systems data featuring fat-tailed distributions of item ratings.
2. The model is based on social interactions and opinion formation on a complex network. A threshold mechanism governs whether a user is interested in an item based on their intrinsic item anticipation and influence from neighbors.
3. The model can generate various patterns observed in real recommendation systems data and provides insight into how social processes shape recommender system data.
How to Make Better Decisions Managing Disasters: Delphi Decision Maker - Real...Connie White
This presentation goes along with the paper (also uploaded here) A Real Time Online Delphi Decision System, V 2.0: Crisis Management Support during Extreme Events. This is a free and open source system that is available with the Sahana Disaster Mgmt System - python version http://delphi.sahanafoundation.org/
enjoy! Dr. Connie White
This document classifies information systems development methodologies into five categories based on the type of problem situation:
1. Well-structured problems with defined requirements - Traditional waterfall methodologies are appropriate.
2. Well-structured problems with unclear requirements - Structured, data-focused, or prototyping methodologies can be used.
3. Unstructured problems with unclear objectives - Soft systems methodologies focus on perspectives of those involved.
4. High user interaction situations - Sociotechnical approaches stressing user needs are most suitable.
5. Complex problems combining aspects of the above - A contingency approach using multiple methodologies is needed.
The document summarizes an electronic meeting system (EMS) that provides a structured online platform for group discussions and project ideation. It follows a client-server model and can support up to 50 participants. While the initial infrastructure costs around $2000, usage fees are comparable to other web conferencing services. EMS is well-suited for team-driven environments like project planning, management, and problem-solving, offering advantages over traditional or web-based meetings.
The document outlines the key stages of a system development cycle project, including planning, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. It discusses project management principles and describes tools used at each stage such as data flow diagrams, decision trees and documentation. Testing involves verifying hardware, software and backups are functioning as intended. Implementation may use direct, parallel, phased or pilot conversion methods. Overall the document provides guidance on managing an information systems project from start to finish.
This document discusses the value of including end-users in the system development process. It defines end-users as the everyday users of a finished product. Involving end-users can provide advantages like quicker design, higher user acceptance, and new ideas. However, there are also disadvantages like limited technical knowledge. The document examines how to select which end-users to involve and measures of user satisfaction. It outlines drawbacks of not involving end-users such as user resistance, higher costs, and a poor relationship between end-users and IT.
Recommender systems in the scope of opinion formation: a modelMarcel Blattner, PhD
1. The document proposes a model to simulate recommendation systems data featuring fat-tailed distributions of item ratings.
2. The model is based on social interactions and opinion formation on a complex network. A threshold mechanism governs whether a user is interested in an item based on their intrinsic item anticipation and influence from neighbors.
3. The model can generate various patterns observed in real recommendation systems data and provides insight into how social processes shape recommender system data.
How to Make Better Decisions Managing Disasters: Delphi Decision Maker - Real...Connie White
This presentation goes along with the paper (also uploaded here) A Real Time Online Delphi Decision System, V 2.0: Crisis Management Support during Extreme Events. This is a free and open source system that is available with the Sahana Disaster Mgmt System - python version http://delphi.sahanafoundation.org/
enjoy! Dr. Connie White
This document classifies information systems development methodologies into five categories based on the type of problem situation:
1. Well-structured problems with defined requirements - Traditional waterfall methodologies are appropriate.
2. Well-structured problems with unclear requirements - Structured, data-focused, or prototyping methodologies can be used.
3. Unstructured problems with unclear objectives - Soft systems methodologies focus on perspectives of those involved.
4. High user interaction situations - Sociotechnical approaches stressing user needs are most suitable.
5. Complex problems combining aspects of the above - A contingency approach using multiple methodologies is needed.
The document summarizes an electronic meeting system (EMS) that provides a structured online platform for group discussions and project ideation. It follows a client-server model and can support up to 50 participants. While the initial infrastructure costs around $2000, usage fees are comparable to other web conferencing services. EMS is well-suited for team-driven environments like project planning, management, and problem-solving, offering advantages over traditional or web-based meetings.
The document outlines the key stages of a system development cycle project, including planning, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. It discusses project management principles and describes tools used at each stage such as data flow diagrams, decision trees and documentation. Testing involves verifying hardware, software and backups are functioning as intended. Implementation may use direct, parallel, phased or pilot conversion methods. Overall the document provides guidance on managing an information systems project from start to finish.
Analysis of Trust-Based Approaches for Web Service SelectionNicola Miotto
The document discusses trust-based approaches for web service selection. It begins with an introduction to service oriented computing and the need to evaluate trustworthiness of web services. The state of the art section then classifies current trust provisioning approaches. The discussion section analyzes the pluses and minuses of direct experience, third party trust, socio-cognitive, and hybrid approaches. Main issues addressed are how to evaluate new web services, dependency on community quality, and centralized limitations. The conclusion suggests combining soft trust metrics with hard trust factors to address these open problems.
COLLABORA: A COLLABORATIVE ARCHITECTURE FOR EVALUATING INDIVIDUALS PARTICIPAT...ijseajournal
The execution of collaborative activities enables interaction among its participants, however, the real
problem is to evaluate how much each subject contributed in the development of the activity. The
evaluation process allows to inform important aspects about the individual or the group, such as:
reliability, interdependence, flexibility, commitment, interpersonal relationship, productivity and
management strategies. This work proposes is based in domain based architecture and computer-supported
collaborative learning (CSCL) in order to measure individual and group contributions to the
accomplishment of its activities. The evaluation of the collaboration is made in a semi-automated way
using as criteria measures of collaboration present in the literature like counting the amount of meaningful
and valid words in conversations, which allows to evaluate its commitment. After the activity finalizes, a
collaboration score is given to the participant of the group. The proposed architecture was implemented in
the education domain. In addition to generate a set of exercises to the studied subject, the architecture
helped to provide statistic data related to the collaboration assessment among the peers during the
development of collaborative activities.
The document summarizes Tamara Lopez's PhD research proposal on reasoning about flaws in software design. The research aims to analyze software failures by taking a situational approach between the broad scope of systemic analyses and narrow focus of means analyses. It will apply qualitative methods to examine how failures manifest and are addressed in software development. The goal is to better understand why some software fails and other succeeds.
Does Distributed Development Affect Software Quality? An Empirical Case Study...Daniel Agaba
This document summarizes a study that examines the impact of distributed development on software quality using data from the development of Windows Vista. The study compares failures of components developed by distributed teams to those developed by collocated teams.
The study finds only a small difference in failures between distributed and collocated components, and the difference becomes negligible when controlling for team size. It also examines complexity and maintenance characteristics and finds little difference between distributed and collocated components. Further, the Windows Vista development process utilized practices that may mitigate challenges of distributed development.
Increasing Productivity And Reducing Errors Through Usability Analysisbrighteyes
This document summarizes a study analyzing the usability of a family history tracking program and providing recommendations for improvement. Usability testing identified problems that increased errors and reduced productivity. A task analysis revealed mismatches between how designers and users conceptualized tasks. Redesigning the interface according to usability guidelines was predicted to reduce task completion times based on a keystroke level model. The redesign aimed to create a system where the user mental model matched the designer conceptual model.
The document discusses various agile development methodologies. It defines agile development as delegating tasks, acknowledging change, and promoting feedback. Several specific agile methodologies are described, including extreme programming, Scrum, lean software development, feature driven development, agile unified process, Crystal, dynamic systems development method, and cowboy coding. The document provides information on principles, practices, and comparisons of these different agile methodologies.
Build a Better Mousetrap? Social Media Cultivating Emergency Management Com...Connie White
This document discusses how communities of practice (CoPs) in emergency management can leverage social media to share information and best practices. It notes that while some groups are functioning as CoPs without realizing it, creating effective online CoPs is challenging. Popular social media sites like Facebook and Twitter allow information to be easily shared with relevant groups. The document argues that instead of creating separate internal sites, emergency management groups should look to utilize existing social media platforms to cultivate online CoPs, as these large platforms are easy to use and have large existing user bases.
This document is unintelligible as it contains random characters and does not convey any coherent ideas or information. No meaningful summary can be generated from this input.
Disaster Management Systems: Building Capacity for Developing Countries and ...Connie White
Some societies are more disaster prone than others due to their geographic location and the benefits provided by it. Man has co-existed in this sort of high risk/high return relationship with mother nature throughout history. Poorer societies tend to pay a higher price both in lives taken and damage – left with many secondary and equally devastating disasters that are sure to come. We know that for every $1 USD put into preventative measures, we save ~$7 that would have gone into post-disaster recovery and rebuilding efforts. There are many international agencies working to support a variety of needs in these grief stricken areas to help them build capacity and to help these societies better prepare for and respond to the disasters they will face. These efforts are guided by the Millennium Project Goals outlined in 2000. A lot has changed since then with respect to technology, mobile devices and humanitarianism. The objective of this paper is exploit how current efforts are creating capacity on the individual, organizational and 'enabling environment' levels. This paper explores the notion that a more concerted effort can be made at building Information and Communication Disaster Management Capacity in developing countries who are most susceptible due to proximity and to a lack of funds. A 'proof of concept' is provided
Building a social media function ellefritz - social techBrian Ellefritz
Building a social media function at your company can be divided into stages, each with it's own characteristics, challenges and opportunities. Presented at the MediaPost SocialTech 2010 conference in San Jose by Brian Ellefritz of SAP.
Design as Agent of Change, Natacha Poggio @ IIT Delhi, IndiaDesign Global Change
Assistant Professor Natacha Poggio (University of Hartford) presents her socially responsible multidisciplinary projects on "Design as Agent of Social Change," at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India on January 16, 2009.
Game theory is the study of strategic decision making when outcomes depend on the choices of multiple parties. It was founded in the 1940s by John von Neumann, Oskar Morgenstern, and John Nash to analyze situations involving conflict or cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers. Game theory is used for analyzing economic problems, auctions, war strategies, politics, and other multi-agent scenarios like the famous Prisoner's Dilemma.
The story is a young handsome young male have a great time in the party, and ever more he have a little chat with a beautiful lady, he fell in love with this lady, and they decided to go to a private to have their romantic time. They went into a room in which equipped a smoke detector. When they went inside the room, the young man still held his cigarette. The cigarette activated the smoke detector and sprinkle. At the end, they both got wet by the sprinkle. The lady was very angry and she rushed out the door.
The Fujita Scale measures tornado strength, ranging from F0 for light damage to F5 for incredible damage. F0 causes light damage, F1 moderate damage, F2 incrouteable damage, F3 severe damage, F4 devastating damage, and F5 incredible damage.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones sobre diferentes técnicas auxiliares de estudio como la toma de apuntes, el subrayado y la elaboración de resúmenes. Explica las reglas y ventajas de la toma de apuntes, los tipos y beneficios del subrayado, y los pasos para crear un resumen efectivo. El objetivo es enseñar a los estudiantes habilidades para organizar la información de manera efectiva y retener lo más importante.
A Dynamic Delphi Process Utilizing a Modified Thurstone Scaling Method: Colla...Connie White
In an extreme event or major disaster, very often there are both alternative actions that might be considered and far more requests for actions than can be executed immediately. The relative desirability of each option for action could be a collaborative expression of a significant number of emergency managers and experts trying to manage the most desirable alternatives at any given time, in real time. Delphi characteristics can satisfy these needs given that anyone can vote or change their vote on any two options, and voting and scaling are used to promote a group understanding. Further utilized with Thurstone’s Law of Comparative Judgment, a group decision or the range of acceptability a group is willing to consent to, can be calculated and utilized as a means of producing the best decision. A ubiquitous system for expeditious real-time decision making by large virtual teams in emergency
response environments is described.
The document instructs the reader to watch 5 embedded presentations to observe how they use color, fonts, size, and placement in their slideshow designs. It then asks the reader to create their own presentation over the weekend using the given content about God creating the world in six days.
Analysis of Trust-Based Approaches for Web Service SelectionNicola Miotto
The document discusses trust-based approaches for web service selection. It begins with an introduction to service oriented computing and the need to evaluate trustworthiness of web services. The state of the art section then classifies current trust provisioning approaches. The discussion section analyzes the pluses and minuses of direct experience, third party trust, socio-cognitive, and hybrid approaches. Main issues addressed are how to evaluate new web services, dependency on community quality, and centralized limitations. The conclusion suggests combining soft trust metrics with hard trust factors to address these open problems.
COLLABORA: A COLLABORATIVE ARCHITECTURE FOR EVALUATING INDIVIDUALS PARTICIPAT...ijseajournal
The execution of collaborative activities enables interaction among its participants, however, the real
problem is to evaluate how much each subject contributed in the development of the activity. The
evaluation process allows to inform important aspects about the individual or the group, such as:
reliability, interdependence, flexibility, commitment, interpersonal relationship, productivity and
management strategies. This work proposes is based in domain based architecture and computer-supported
collaborative learning (CSCL) in order to measure individual and group contributions to the
accomplishment of its activities. The evaluation of the collaboration is made in a semi-automated way
using as criteria measures of collaboration present in the literature like counting the amount of meaningful
and valid words in conversations, which allows to evaluate its commitment. After the activity finalizes, a
collaboration score is given to the participant of the group. The proposed architecture was implemented in
the education domain. In addition to generate a set of exercises to the studied subject, the architecture
helped to provide statistic data related to the collaboration assessment among the peers during the
development of collaborative activities.
The document summarizes Tamara Lopez's PhD research proposal on reasoning about flaws in software design. The research aims to analyze software failures by taking a situational approach between the broad scope of systemic analyses and narrow focus of means analyses. It will apply qualitative methods to examine how failures manifest and are addressed in software development. The goal is to better understand why some software fails and other succeeds.
Does Distributed Development Affect Software Quality? An Empirical Case Study...Daniel Agaba
This document summarizes a study that examines the impact of distributed development on software quality using data from the development of Windows Vista. The study compares failures of components developed by distributed teams to those developed by collocated teams.
The study finds only a small difference in failures between distributed and collocated components, and the difference becomes negligible when controlling for team size. It also examines complexity and maintenance characteristics and finds little difference between distributed and collocated components. Further, the Windows Vista development process utilized practices that may mitigate challenges of distributed development.
Increasing Productivity And Reducing Errors Through Usability Analysisbrighteyes
This document summarizes a study analyzing the usability of a family history tracking program and providing recommendations for improvement. Usability testing identified problems that increased errors and reduced productivity. A task analysis revealed mismatches between how designers and users conceptualized tasks. Redesigning the interface according to usability guidelines was predicted to reduce task completion times based on a keystroke level model. The redesign aimed to create a system where the user mental model matched the designer conceptual model.
The document discusses various agile development methodologies. It defines agile development as delegating tasks, acknowledging change, and promoting feedback. Several specific agile methodologies are described, including extreme programming, Scrum, lean software development, feature driven development, agile unified process, Crystal, dynamic systems development method, and cowboy coding. The document provides information on principles, practices, and comparisons of these different agile methodologies.
Build a Better Mousetrap? Social Media Cultivating Emergency Management Com...Connie White
This document discusses how communities of practice (CoPs) in emergency management can leverage social media to share information and best practices. It notes that while some groups are functioning as CoPs without realizing it, creating effective online CoPs is challenging. Popular social media sites like Facebook and Twitter allow information to be easily shared with relevant groups. The document argues that instead of creating separate internal sites, emergency management groups should look to utilize existing social media platforms to cultivate online CoPs, as these large platforms are easy to use and have large existing user bases.
This document is unintelligible as it contains random characters and does not convey any coherent ideas or information. No meaningful summary can be generated from this input.
Disaster Management Systems: Building Capacity for Developing Countries and ...Connie White
Some societies are more disaster prone than others due to their geographic location and the benefits provided by it. Man has co-existed in this sort of high risk/high return relationship with mother nature throughout history. Poorer societies tend to pay a higher price both in lives taken and damage – left with many secondary and equally devastating disasters that are sure to come. We know that for every $1 USD put into preventative measures, we save ~$7 that would have gone into post-disaster recovery and rebuilding efforts. There are many international agencies working to support a variety of needs in these grief stricken areas to help them build capacity and to help these societies better prepare for and respond to the disasters they will face. These efforts are guided by the Millennium Project Goals outlined in 2000. A lot has changed since then with respect to technology, mobile devices and humanitarianism. The objective of this paper is exploit how current efforts are creating capacity on the individual, organizational and 'enabling environment' levels. This paper explores the notion that a more concerted effort can be made at building Information and Communication Disaster Management Capacity in developing countries who are most susceptible due to proximity and to a lack of funds. A 'proof of concept' is provided
Building a social media function ellefritz - social techBrian Ellefritz
Building a social media function at your company can be divided into stages, each with it's own characteristics, challenges and opportunities. Presented at the MediaPost SocialTech 2010 conference in San Jose by Brian Ellefritz of SAP.
Design as Agent of Change, Natacha Poggio @ IIT Delhi, IndiaDesign Global Change
Assistant Professor Natacha Poggio (University of Hartford) presents her socially responsible multidisciplinary projects on "Design as Agent of Social Change," at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India on January 16, 2009.
Game theory is the study of strategic decision making when outcomes depend on the choices of multiple parties. It was founded in the 1940s by John von Neumann, Oskar Morgenstern, and John Nash to analyze situations involving conflict or cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers. Game theory is used for analyzing economic problems, auctions, war strategies, politics, and other multi-agent scenarios like the famous Prisoner's Dilemma.
The story is a young handsome young male have a great time in the party, and ever more he have a little chat with a beautiful lady, he fell in love with this lady, and they decided to go to a private to have their romantic time. They went into a room in which equipped a smoke detector. When they went inside the room, the young man still held his cigarette. The cigarette activated the smoke detector and sprinkle. At the end, they both got wet by the sprinkle. The lady was very angry and she rushed out the door.
The Fujita Scale measures tornado strength, ranging from F0 for light damage to F5 for incredible damage. F0 causes light damage, F1 moderate damage, F2 incrouteable damage, F3 severe damage, F4 devastating damage, and F5 incredible damage.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones sobre diferentes técnicas auxiliares de estudio como la toma de apuntes, el subrayado y la elaboración de resúmenes. Explica las reglas y ventajas de la toma de apuntes, los tipos y beneficios del subrayado, y los pasos para crear un resumen efectivo. El objetivo es enseñar a los estudiantes habilidades para organizar la información de manera efectiva y retener lo más importante.
A Dynamic Delphi Process Utilizing a Modified Thurstone Scaling Method: Colla...Connie White
In an extreme event or major disaster, very often there are both alternative actions that might be considered and far more requests for actions than can be executed immediately. The relative desirability of each option for action could be a collaborative expression of a significant number of emergency managers and experts trying to manage the most desirable alternatives at any given time, in real time. Delphi characteristics can satisfy these needs given that anyone can vote or change their vote on any two options, and voting and scaling are used to promote a group understanding. Further utilized with Thurstone’s Law of Comparative Judgment, a group decision or the range of acceptability a group is willing to consent to, can be calculated and utilized as a means of producing the best decision. A ubiquitous system for expeditious real-time decision making by large virtual teams in emergency
response environments is described.
The document instructs the reader to watch 5 embedded presentations to observe how they use color, fonts, size, and placement in their slideshow designs. It then asks the reader to create their own presentation over the weekend using the given content about God creating the world in six days.
Think Smaller: Growing Small Ideas Is A Great IdeaDave Racine
The document advocates thinking smaller rather than bigger with ideas. It argues that big ideas require large budgets and efforts but often fail, while small ideas are easier to deploy. Small, unique ideas can create distinction and fuel movements. In today's competitive environment with limited resources, smaller budgets that focus tightly will be most effective for achieving maximum impact. True creativity involves developing simple solutions to complex problems. If ideas are broken down into smaller parts by removing unnecessary elements, projects can be executed better. Simplicity is the most valuable asset, so start with small ideas that can then grow bigger.
This is a short electronic dance music track produced by Kweezzz. The song has an upbeat tempo with heavy bass synths and percussion. Layered synth melodies carry the song which builds energy throughout and ends with a climactic drop.
The document provides information about the DoceboLMS learning management system and its authoring tools and support for SCORM 1.2. It discusses how DoceboLMS was originally developed as an open source e-learning platform called Spaghettilearning and how it has grown with contributions from various developers and organizations. It also summarizes some of the key business services provided by Docebo, such as installation, consulting, and support for DoceboLMS.
The document outlines the methodology for a project, including using an iterative and incremental development model. It will collect data through questionnaires, interviews, and literature review, then analyze the data. The system will be designed using data flow diagrams and entity relationship diagrams, and implemented with C# and MySQL. A feasibility study found the project economically and technologically feasible within the scheduled time.
RUNNING HEADER: Analytics Ecosystem 1
Analytics Ecosystem 4
Analytics Ecosystem
Lisa Garay
Rasmussen College
Authors Note
This paper is being submitted for Anastasia Rashtchian’s B288 Business Analytics Course.
This paper looks at the nine clusters of the ecosystem. Clustering refers to a system of grouping functions that are similar so as to set them out from others. It begins by highlighting them before proceeding to defining them. It then identifies clusters that represent technology developers and technology users. Peer reviewed materials are used in this endeavor.
They include executive sponsor cluster which contains information that concerns administrators for directing the system. Another one is end-user tools and dashboards cluster that is made of functions that facilitate ability of persons to ultimately engage the system. Data owners cluster is made up of programs that are related to persons who have data in the system. Business users’ cluster is made up of functions that are related to clients of the system. Business applications and systems cluster is made up programs related to features of a given system. Developers cluster is made of programs that are related to the development of programs in the system. Analyst cluster is made up of materials that are related to analysis of data in the system. SME cluster that is made up switches that run SME applications in the system. Lastly, operational data stores that are made up of programs that are concerned with storage of data in a system (Pitelis, 2012).
While developers cluster is made up of technology developers in the system, business users’ cluster is made up of technology users in the system. In conclusion, clustering serves to bring roles together as well as separating roles that are not related in a system (Cameron, Gelbach & Miller, 2012).
They can be represented as follows:-
References
Cameron, A. C., Gelbach, J. B., & Miller, D. L. (2012). Robust inference with multiway clustering. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics.
Pitelis, C. (2012). Clusters, entrepreneurial ecosystem co-creation, and appropriability: a conceptual framework. Industrial and Corporate Change, dts008.
Infrastructure
Executive Sponsor Cluster
End-user tools and dashboards cluster
operational data stores
Data Owners Cluster
Business users' cluster
Business systems and applications cluster
Developers Cluster
Analysts Cluster
SME cluster
4
Running head: Sentiment analysis
Sentiment Analysis
Lisa Garay
Rasmussen College
Authors Note
This paper is being submitted for Anastashia Rashtcian’s B288 Business Analytics course.
Sentiment analysis has played a significant role in the concurrent marketing field, specifically in product marketing. According to Somasundaran, Swapna, (2010), the process’ operational module is structured on a data mining sequence, whereby the end users of given particulars the feedback pertaining a used.
The process of selecting and acquiring an information system begins with an assessment and planning phase. A systems development life cycle is used to determine goals, problems, costs, and timelines to assess feasibility. The second step is design, where it is decided whether the system will be designed in-house or purchased from a vendor. Implementation involves an implementation team to organize the process. A project steering committee made up of various stakeholders can help make decisions about system needs and costs. Thoroughly screening vendors and having them demonstrate their proposals can aid in selecting the best fitting system. A cost-benefit analysis and contract negotiation are also part of the selection process.
Dynamic interaction in decision supportsharmichandru
This document discusses how allowing dynamic interaction (the ability to revisit inputs and reconsider solutions) with decision support tools can impact users' perceptions and decision making. It first reviews literature on decision support mashups and dynamic interaction. It then proposes hypotheses about how increasing dynamic interaction could increase the perceived diagnosticity (usefulness) of the tool and user confidence. An experiment is designed to test these hypotheses. The results suggest dynamic interaction increased perceived diagnosticity and confidence, and may also improve decision quality.
User-driven Technology Evaluation of eParticipation SystemsSotiris Koussouris
The document discusses the evaluation of an eParticipation system called WEB.DEP, which was implemented in three Balkan countries. The evaluation assessed how user characteristics affected their perceptions and intentions regarding the system. A technology acceptance model was used to evaluate how factors like education level, job relevance, and prior experience influenced users' perceived usefulness, ease of use, and intention to use the system. The evaluation found that education level had a positive impact, while prior experience surprisingly had a negative impact. The results will be used to refine the system and technology acceptance model.
This document discusses a nursing homework assignment that involves analyzing a healthcare information technology (HIT) project. It describes a hypothetical example of a nurse leader proposing a new alarm and monitoring system for a children's hospital wing that was initially rejected due to budget constraints. After a child was abducted, the new system was approved. The key takeaway is the importance of getting stakeholder and decision maker support for HIT projects. Students are asked to discuss a real HIT project from their organization and how stakeholders helped move it forward.
Recommender System (RS) has emerged as a significant research interest that aims to assist users to seek out items online by providing suggestions that closely match their interests. Recommender system, an information filtering technology employed in many items is presented in internet sites as per the interest of users, and is implemented in applications like movies, music, venue, books, research articles, tourism and social media normally. Recommender systems research is usually supported comparisons of predictive accuracy: the higher the evaluation scores, the higher the recommender. One amongst the leading approaches was the utilization of advice systems to proactively recommend scholarly papers to individual researchers. In today's world, time has more value and therefore the researchers haven't any much time to spend on trying to find the proper articles in line with their research domain. Recommender Systems are designed to suggest users the things that best fit the user needs and preferences. Recommender systems typically produce an inventory of recommendations in one among two ways -through collaborative or content-based filtering. Additionally, both the general public and also the non-public used descriptive metadata are used. The scope of the advice is therefore limited to variety of documents which are either publicly available or which are granted copyright permits. Recommendation systems (RS) support users and developers of varied computer and software systems to beat information overload, perform information discovery tasks and approximate computation, among others.
An Efficient And Scalable Meeting Minutes Generation And Presentation TechniqueDaniel Wachtel
This document summarizes research on developing an efficient and scalable system for generating and presenting meeting minutes. Key points:
1) The researchers created a web-based software that allows participants to take notes dynamically on an interactive whiteboard during meetings. Snapshots of the whiteboard are saved over time to create visual minutes.
2) A study found this approach reduced the time spent approving and distributing minutes compared to traditional note-taking. It also greatly reduced the time needed for new participants to understand past discussions.
3) Future work could involve testing the approach with distributed meetings using software that supports visual/audio communication between remote locations.
This document provides an overview of recommender systems. It discusses how recommender systems aim to help users find items online that match their interests. It describes two main approaches for recommender systems - collaborative filtering and content-based filtering. Collaborative filtering looks at users' past behaviors and items to find similarities between users and make recommendations. Content-based filtering uses item attributes and properties to recommend similar items to users. The document also discusses challenges with existing recommender systems and how different techniques can be combined in hybrid systems.
The document discusses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and its viability for determining acceptance of e-learning technologies in higher education institutions. TAM identifies perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as key factors influencing attitudes toward and use of new technologies. The document reviews literature on TAM and its constructs. It also presents two case studies that applied TAM to evaluate student acceptance of online technologies for communication and public relations courses. Both case studies found TAM to be an effective model for predicting technology use.
Icete content-based filtering with applications on tv viewing dataElaine Cecília Gatto
This document discusses content-based filtering techniques for recommending television programs in digital TV systems. It analyzed viewing data from 6 Brazilian households over 15 days. Content-based filtering algorithms like Apriori association rule mining and cosine similarity were tested on the viewing history data and electronic program guide (EPG) metadata. The results found some television programs were strongly correlated with user preferences based on viewing time. Content-based filtering shows promise for recommending programs in digital TV and helping users find content they want to watch.
The document discusses the usability and design challenges that can occur when implementing new health information technology (HIT) systems. It provides an example case study of an electronic medical record (EMR) implementation at a medical center that faced several usability issues. These included a lack of customized order sets and documents, insufficient computer terminals, unconsidered workflow changes, and generic training not tailored to the new system. As a result, clinicians struggled to use the new EMR and it took months to work out the usability problems after go-live. The document advocates evaluating implementation processes, usability testing systems, and involving end users to help ensure HIT success.
An information system combines hardware, software, data, processes, and people to support business requirements. It represents user information by collecting, processing, transmitting, and disseminating data. A system is defined as a set of related components that work together to achieve specific functions. For an information system to be effective, it must be user-centered by being well-suited to the needs and requirements of its users.
The document discusses evaluation methods for human-computer interaction (HCI) systems. It defines evaluation as the determination of value through careful appraisal and study. Evaluation is important for providing feedback to improve system design through iterative development. Formative evaluation is conducted during development, while summative evaluation occurs after completion to ensure quality standards are met. Heuristic evaluation involves experts evaluating an interface according to usability principles. Other methods discussed include cognitive walkthroughs, pluralistic walkthroughs, surveys, interviews, and experiments.
This document proposes a framework called the Context-Influence Framework for managing contexts in interactive system development. The framework defines contexts as collections of influences that affect system behaviors and users. Contexts are analyzed at the level of "Use Subsystems" which are specific combinations of users, tasks, and interfaces. Contexts can be divided into domains to capture information from different perspectives. Contexts are also organized hierarchically to allow representation at different levels of detail. The framework is intended to help communication between teams and allow contexts to be added without increasing complexity.
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Recently there is wide use of social media includes various opinion sites, complaints sites, government
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Recently there is wide use of social media includes various opinion sites, complaints sites, government
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steps. Firstly preprocessing is done in that stop words are removed and stemming is performed. In second
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A Real Time Online Delphi Decision System, V 2.0: Crisis Management Support during Extreme Events
1. White, et al. Real Time Online Delphi Decision System
A Real Time Online Delphi Decision System, V 2.0:
Crisis Management Support during Extreme Events
Connie White Murray Turoff
Jacksonville State University New Jersey Institute of Technology
connie.m.white@gmail.com turoff@njit.edu
Starr Roxanne Hiltz
New Jersey Institute of Technology
roxanne.hiltz@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The Delphi Decision Maker system has been designed to support the decision making needs of crisis managers,
considering factors such as stress, time pressure, information overload, and uncertainty. It has been built as a
module for the Sahana Disaster Management system, a free and open source system. The Design Science
research paradigm was used in an iterative development process. Triangulation was employed in the evaluation,
analyzing the system against the research questions using both qualitative and quantitative statistics as well as
proof of concept. Modifications need to be made for real world use. A second version of the system is under
development. Research findings and future research are outlined in this work in progress.
Keywords
Delphi, decision making, real time, Sahana, disaster, extreme events, crisis management, wicked problems
INTRODUCTION
A software system was designed and developed to support large groups of crisis experts making decisions in
time- critical extreme events. It is a first step in instantiating visions of what a dynamic emergency response
system can be ( Hiltz and Turoff, 1978; Turoff et al, 2004). The overarching question that drove this research
effort was: Is it possible to create a web-based system that will enable dispersed groups of experts or
knowledgeable individuals to share and evaluate information and opinions, expose disagreements, and reach
decisions more quickly than they could have without such a system?
The Delphi Decision Maker was created as a module to add to the existing larger Disaster Management
System, Sahana (White, 2010; White, Turoff and Van de Walle, 2007). Sahana was originally built by a global
team of technical volunteers as a humanitarian response to the Asian tsunami to help manage the response and
recovery effort as an international community. The system is a Free and Open Source Disaster Management
system. “ It is a web based collaboration tool that addresses the common coordination problems during a
disaster from finding missing people, managing aid, managing volunteers, tracking camps effectively between
Government groups, the civil society (NGOs) and the victims themselves” (www.sahana.lk).
A prototype of the system was built and implemented, thus satisfying Proof of Concept. A series of
tests were run on the Delphi Decision Maker including: individuals as system testers, a small group used as a
pilot study, and a larger set of participants in a field study. Analysis was conducted by triangulation where
proof of concept, quantitative (simple statistics from survey analysis) and qualitative (descriptive) statistics of
content coding were used from the discussions in the forums
Fifty students from a university in the United States participated in the field study. Results from the
participants taking Pre/ Post Study questionnaires also provided positive support for the overarching question.
Further, comments from the participants provided more positive feedback that it was possible to create such a
system. Hence, there is support for the main research question.
In order to be successful in the use by crisis experts other research questions were asked: What
features or functions would be most useful for this objective? And, what would be required to make the design
Proceedings of the 7th International ISCRAM Conference – Seattle, USA, May 2010 1
2. White, et al. Real Time Online Delphi Decision System
of the system understandable and useable? A basic set of four tools {Voting, List Creation, Feedback Scale,
Discussion Forum} was created to help guide a group through the decision making process. People surveyed
confirmed that the tools were useful. Also, research findings supported that the design was easy to use.
However, in both areas, there was room for improvement.
Thurstone’s Law of Comparative Judgment (Thurstone, 1927) influenced the design of the system. A
scale based on this method provides further information versus a ranked list where each item is proportioned
one against the next equally. Thurstone’s method shows how much closer an item A is to another item B,
versus that same item A to another item C. This provides more information to the user as it shows how much
more one item is desired over another. The research question was posed: Will using a visual scale based on
Thurstone’s Law of Comparative Judgment helps the expert make a more informed or confident judgment? The
results were that participants did believe that they were making more informed or confident decisions.
Thurstone’s Law of Comparative Judgment also influenced the design of how people would rank a list
of items, by paired comparisons. Participants were used to determine the next research question, Will experts
use voting to reflect their opinion over time? Voting by paired comparisons is not a natural or normal way
people create ranked lists, so it was important to determine if users would accept this form of ranking. Most
participants voted and further, they used voting to reflect suggested changes they may have had.
THE DELPHI DECISION MAKER 2.0
An evaluation model was developed to guide the next iteration of studies. The currently underway
modifications to the system follow.
Hypothesized Model of Relationships amongst Constructs
The constructs that underlie the evaluation effort are: Usefulness, Ease of Use, and Confidence in the results,
satisfaction, usage, and the major functions (discussion forum, linear Thurstone’s scale, and the voting process).
However, there is a direct relation between a basic set of group support tools and the context in which they are
used that influences the Usefulness of this system, including the task the group is working on, the group’s
proximity and size. These characteristics will be investigated further as testing continues for their positive or
negative influences on the usage of the system. Another influence on the construct Usefulness is the accuracy
the experts find in the information provided by the Scale and Voting tools provided. This was very important as
the experts need to be confident that those tools provide an accurate reflection of what they are thinking and
what the group is thinking. Participants found both that using the paired comparisons for voting was an accurate
way to reflect what they were thinking, and that the scale provided an accurate reflection of the result. In
addition, a system that is easy to use will more likely be used. This model (see Figure 1) will be tested in the
next round of studies after the next version (2.0) is developed and implemented. It describes one possible way
in which quantification (the scale) could be used to help focus groups on areas of disagreement. However, until
a transaction log is created, such patterns of use cannot be confirmed.
Task/Proximity/Size
Of Group Fit
Forum Use
Usefulness Satisfaction
Perceived
Reflection of
Accuracy
Ease of Use
Scale Use
Voting Use Confidence Usage
Figure 1 Model of constructs used to analyze Delphi Decision Maker.
Proceedings of the 7th International ISCRAM Conference – Seattle, USA, May 2010 2
3. White, et al. Real Time Online Delphi Decision System
Transaction Log
For further studies, it was determined that a log of a variety of transactions needed to be gathered and
maintained. This will help researchers determine which tools or actions trigger other tool usage or actions.
Each ‘Active Problem’ will need its own transaction log that only records the actions that are between the
members of that particular group.
Item Selection for Option List Creation
This tool has been modified so that larger lists of Options can be managed effectively and efficiently. If a user
selects a subset of a larger list, this will expedite the time it takes for the crisis manager to create a ranked list
using voting as a tool to reflect what the expert is thinking. Items in a list can be toggled on or off and only
those toggled on are used further in the decision making calculation.
The number of paired comparisons required of the user was excessive and needs modification if this system is to
be successfully used in the real world. Having so many voting pairs caused great problems given there was a
logic check in place checking for cyclic triads. The researcher has worked to modify the system to reduce the
number of paired comparisons. The system will internally use a binary search algorithm to insert new items into
the internal ranked ordered list for each user. This will start with the first paired comparison made and proceed
to choose items remaining to be compared with items already in the list, selecting only from those items the user
wishes to include in the current result. This will decrease the probability of the user making inconsistent
choices in the paired comparison process.
The user will always be able to see the resulting ranked order of the items he or she has compared and the
second list of items not yet compared for entry into the list, and those items the user did not expect to vote on at
any time. If the user makes a comment on any item it is added to those he is expected to vote on at some point
in the future.
Discussion Forum
In version 2.0, each item on the list will have its own Discussion Forum. The Discussion Forum will also be
improved by adding more flexibility for the users and more alternatives on what functionalities are available for
them. We would like to have hypertext ability where, given you are in Option A’s Discussion Forum and
mention Option X, Option X will automatically be a keyword which will link the Option X keyword to Option
X’s Discussion Forum. This would hold true for any Option’s Forum. If any Option on the list is referenced,
when the keyword is typed in, a link will automatically be created linking this option’s keyword to the option’s
discussion forum.
User Permissions
User permissions need to be implemented such that groups can have more control over membership. The users
of such a system will be groups of experts working together to solve a variety of problems. Although the
system is built to support emergent and dynamic needs, it can be used for any problem where there is a problem
requiring a prioritized list of alternatives under consideration. This happens with all groups, all organizations
and under all phases of emergency management, military and civilian alike. The groups can be large or small
but the system is best when used by larger groups of hundreds, thousands, or even millions. This is important
for a variety of reasons but primarily so that one person can be in control of the implementation and has the
ability to shape the group to better fit the needs of the problem. Leadership, command and control, and other
roles need this support. There could be a need for a closed group of members who are representatives and have
a vote for or against some policy. This will also allow more structure in large groups, e.g., some people may
have the ability to vote, and others to contribute ideas but not vote.
FUTURE FEATURES FOR THE DELPHI DECISION MAKER
Some other features that should be developed (in version 3.0) to support further the efforts of the Delphi
Decision Maker are briefly described in this section.
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4. White, et al. Real Time Online Delphi Decision System
Expert Domain Group Identification
When a New Problem is entered into The Delphi Decision Maker, there needs to be a way for emergent groups
of experts to be formed. Groups could be formed using a number of alternative methods. Existing databases of
experts can be used or new ones created. Experts can also have RSS feeds and artificial intelligence methods
can be used to identify and aggregate experts on an ongoing basis.
These systems could use multiple methods of communications in order to quickly contact experts and confirm if
they are willing, ready, and available. Expert lists could be updated in real time so that the most efficient use of
experts could be deployed.
Dynamic Discussion Forum
Although there are standard forums that can be used to satisfy the discussion aspect of the system, a more
versatile format would be better for the complexities and information needs of experts for this system. If forums
could act more as wikis, this would be a beneficial technology to implement where terms could be linked and
interlinked and new information better managed. Other information from the Sahana system should be available
and integrated into the discussion area such that real time information exists and information exchange can be
seamless.
Future Research Questions
A set of research questions that were left unanswered from the Version 1.0 system will drive the study efforts
where the Version 2.0 system will be implemented and tested. They are:
Will emergency management experts use such a system?
What do they see as the advantages and disadvantages?
Will the discussion from disagreements lead to more new options being proposed?
How can voting be used to aid experts in ‘muddling through’ an initial set of items
to create a subset which the experts determine to be the most important items for
the group to work with?
What modifications need made such that the system can better fit the user group
and also fit their environment?
FUTURE STUDIES
Future studies are planned where groups of crisis experts will be used. A request was posted to the International
Association for Emergency Managers mailing list. From this post both groups and individuals volunteered,
sufficient to form four test groups for the future. It is from these studies of actual crisis managers that the true
effects of the system will be tested. To help the researchers better understand the needs of the users, additional
studies are in the works where the researcher would be part of a relief effort that will hold a series of Sahana
Testing exercises
It is very difficult to test the system using hypothetical problems or scenarios. Testing the system in its
environment will provide researchers with a more realistic picture of the situations in which the system can be
best used and where other modifications can be realized to better fit the needs of the users. Once the system is
deployed with the Sahana Disaster Management System, real cases can be evaluated. To be able to study the
system from a behavioral perspective may aid the research effort to further support the needs of the users. It is
important to study how people use the system. New information can be derived from these studies where the
users could use the system for situations not considered by the researchers previously.
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5. White, et al. Real Time Online Delphi Decision System
CONCLUSION
Overall, this research effort went well. The system proved useful at the core, but many improvements need to
be implemented so that The Delphi Decision Maker can be used by the emergency domain community to
support them in the most critical times. Future studies are planned where the new version of the system will be
tested again and further modified according to the needs identified through analysis. The goal is better managed
extreme events, where the death toll is minimized and a more efficient recovery is actualized.
REFERENCES
1. Hiltz, S.R. and Turoff, M., The Network Nation: Human Communication via Computer, MIT Press, revised
edition, 1993 (original 1978 Addison Wesley).
2. Thurstone, L.L., A Law of Comparative Judgment. Psychological Review, 34, 273-287, 1927.
3. Turoff, M. Chumer, M., Van de Walle, B. and Yao, X. "The design of a dynamic emergency response
management information system", Journal of Information Technology Theory and Applications, 2004.
4. White, C. A Dynamic Delphi System to Support Decision Making by Large Groups of Crisis Management
Experts. Electronic Thesis NJIT http://library.njit.edu/etd/index.php, 2010.
5. White, C., Turoff, M. and Van de Walle, B. A Dynamic Delphi Process Utilizing a Modified Thurstone
Scaling Method: Collaborative Judgment in Emergency Response, (ISCRAM), 2007.
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