A project report on indexing of similar group of industries based on various environmental parameters

Mukul Kumar (11CH10026)
1
A Project Report on
Indexing of similar group of industries based on
various environmental parameters
Submitted By:
Mukul Kumar
11CH10026
Under the guidance of
Prof. B. C. Meikap
Department of Chemical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur (721302)

2
CertificateCertificateCertificateCertificate
This is to certify that the project titled “Indexing of similar group of
industries based on various environmental parameters”, which is
being submitted by Mukul Kumar (11CH10026) in fulfillment of the
requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Technology(Hons.) in Chemical
Engineering , is a bona fide record of the work carried out by him under
my guidance and supervision.
Signature- ------------------------------
Prof. B.C. Meikap
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My heart pulsates with the thrill for tendering gratitude to those persons who have
helped me in workings of the project.
First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude and indebtedness to Prof. B.C.
Meikap, for his inspiring guidance, constructive criticism and valuable suggestion
throughout this project work. I am sincerely thankful to him for his able guidance and
pain taking effort in improving my understanding of this project.
Last but not least, my sincere thanks to all my friends who have patiently extended
all sorts of help for accomplishing this undertaking.
Mukul Kumar
11CH10026
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

4
ABSTRACT
Through the course of this project, an attempt has been made to
formulate, test, and improve an environmental tool (CEPI) to assess the
pollution potential of industrial clusters/ areas in India. Several existing
methods and approaches were thoroughly studied and analyzed before
commencing the work on this project.
It involved a detailed assessment of various environmental indicators and
investigation of the status of environmental resources such as land,
vegetation, air, and water. Spatial and temporal variations in various
environmental indicators have also been analyzed and inferred for this
purpose.

5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.) Aim Of The Project 6
1.1) Specific Objectives 6
2.) Scoring methodology for Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index for
Industrial Clusters
6
2.1) Determining critical pollutants 7
2.1.1) Pollutant (up to three most critical pollutants to be taken) 7
2.1.2) Pathway 8
2.1.3) Receptor 10
2.1.4) Additional High-Risk Element 11
2.1.5) Calculation of the Sub-Index 12
2.1.6) Calculation of the Aggregated CEPI 12
3.) Choosing an industry for the project 13
3.1) choosing 5 different thermal power plant for the project 13
3.2) basic introduction to thermal power industry 14
3.3.) from coal to power generation process 15
3.4) environmental impacts of thermal power plants (TPPs) 17
4.) Description of the Environmental Around Chosen Thermal Power Plan 18
4.1) Meteorological attributes of chosen thermal power plants 18
4.2) Land and Soil Characteristics 19
4.3) Coal sources and their characteristics 19
4.4) Water sources and their characteristics 20
4.5) Air Quality Monitoring 20
4.6) Effluents and Noise Levels during Operation Phase 21
5.) Calculation of comprehensive environmental pollution index 22
5.1) critically polluted area- Singrauli 22
5.2) critically polluted area- Korba 25
5.3) critically polluted area- Vindhyachal 27
5.4) critically polluted area- Sipat and Kahalgaon 29
6.) References

6
1. AIM OF THE PROJECT
The goal of the present investigation is to prioritize critically polluted industrial
clusters based on scientific criteria.
1.1) Specific Objectives:
• To identify critically polluted industrial clusters and monitoring them at the
national level to improve the current status of environmental components, for
example, air and water quality data, ecological damage, and visual environmental
conditions.
• To facilitate the definition of critically polluted industrial clusters/areas based on
the environmental parameter index and prioritization of an economically feasible
solution through the formulation of an adequate action plan for environmental
sustainability.
Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI) is a rational number to
characterize the quality of the environment at a given location following the
algorithm of source, pathway, and receptor. As CEPI increases, an increasingly large
percentage of the population is likely to experience increasingly severe adverse
health effects. .
2. SCORING METHODOLOGY FOR THE PROPOSED CEPI
The scoring system involves an algorithm that takes into account the basic selection
criteria. This approach is based on the basic hazard assessment logic that can be
summarized as below.
Hazard = pollutant source, pathways, and receptor
Each of these essential links in the causal chain is represented by criteria that are
included in the scoring methodology. CEPI is calculated separately for air, water, and
land in selected industrial cluster/area.

7
2.1) Determining critical pollutants
Three most critical pollutants are to be considered for calculation and are divided
into three groups, that is, A, B, and C. In cases with more than three pollutants in the
same category exist, the ones with higher concentrations in the surroundings would
be considered critical.
Calculating pollutant factor A
Factor # A1 based on the groups of the three critical pollutants, following values are
used for calculating A1.
• Group A – A1 = 1
• Group B – A1 = 2
• Group C – A1 = 4
The final value of A1 is calculated by the addition of penalty for the given
combination of critical pollutants to the maximum value of A1 for them.
2.1.1) POLLUTANT (up to three most critical pollutants to be taken)
Factor #A1 – Presence of toxin
Group A – Toxins that are not assessed as acute or systemic = 1
Group B – Organics that are probable carcinogens or VOCs, PAHs, PCBs, PM10 and
PM2.5
Group C – Known carcinogens or vinyl chloride, benzene, lead, radionuclide etc.

8
For example, critical pollutants: Benzene – 35.8 μg/m3 (C), RSPM – 172μg/m3 (B), SO2
– 130μg/m3 (A); so, maximum value of A1 is for benzene = 4 and from the table: this
lies in ‘any other combination’ and, hence, the penalty = 0.0. Hence, A1 = 4 + 0 = 4.0
Factor #A2 – Scale of industrial activities
• Large = 5 (if there are
> 10 R17* per 10 km2 area or fraction OR
> 2 R17 + 10 R54** per 10 km2 area or fraction OR
> 100 R54 per 10 km2 area or fraction
*R17 is 17 category of highly polluting industries other than red category
industries categorized by CPCB (list of industries in Appendix 3)
** R54 is red category industries categorized by Central Pollution Control Board
(list of industries in Appendix IV)
• Moderate = 2.5 (if there are 2 to 10 R17 per 10 km2 area or fraction OR 10-100
R54 10 km2 area or fraction.
• Limited = 1 (else there is any industry within 10 km2 area or fraction)
Table 1 Penalty values for combination of most critical pollutants Factor A1
S No. Pollutant 1 Pollutant 2 Pollutant 3 Penalty
1. C C C 2.0
2. C C B/A 1.75
3. C B B/A 1.5
4. B B B/A 1.0
These two factors are taken as multiplicative and so the overall score for this
element is as follows.
SCORE A = A1 × A2 (max score = 6 × 5 = 30)
2.1.2) PATHWAY
Factor #B1 – Ambient Pollutant Concentration
• Critical = 6 (when exceedance factor* is more than 1.5)
• High = 3 (when exceedance factor is between 1 and 1.5)
• Moderate = 2 (when exceedance factor is between 0.5 and 1.0)
• Low = 1 (when exceedance factor is < 0.5)

9
*Exceedance factor (F) of any pollutant is given by the ratio of Observed mean
concentration of criteria pollutant to the prescribed standard for the respective
pollutant and area class.
The final value of B1 is calculated by the addition of penalty for the given
combination of critical pollutants to the maximum value of B1 for them.
For example, critical pollutants: Benzene – 35.8μg/m3 (15), RSPM – 172μg/m3 (150),
SO2 – 130μg/m3 (120). So, F (Benzene) = 2.4 and, hence, it is critical (6).
F (RSPM) = 1.14 and, hence, it is high (3)
F (SO2) = 1.08 and, hence, it is high (3)
So, this is corresponding to serial number 2 in the table for Factor # B1 and, hence,
penalty = 1.75 so,
B1 = 6 + 1.75 = 7.75
Table 2 Penalty values for combination of most critical pollutants Factor B1
1. Critical Critical Critical/high/moderate 2.0
2. Critical High High/Moderate 1.75
3. High High High 1.5
4. High High Moderate 1.0
Factor #B2 – Evidence* of adverse impact on people
• No = 0 (when no reliable evidence is available)
• Yes (when evidence of symptoms of exposure) = 3
• Yes (when evidence of fatality or disease(s) leading to fatality (such as cancer)
due to exposure) = 6
Factor #B3 – Reliable evidence of adverse impact on eco-geological features
• No = 0 (when no reliable evidence is available)
• Yes (when evidence of symptoms of exposure) = 3
• Yes (when evidence of loss of flora/fauna/significant damage to eco-geological
features,
(Irreparable loss/damage)) = 6
(* Reliable evidence is in form of media reports, hospital records, public interest
litigations (PIL) and NGOs reporting, academic research reports, published literature).

10
Overall score for this element is as follows.
SCORE B = B1 + B2 +B3 = (8 + 6 + 6) = 20
2.1.3) RECEPTOR
Factor #C1 – Number of people potentially affected within 2 km radius from the
industrial pollution source.
• <1000 = 1
• 1000 to 10 000 = 1.5
• 10 000 to 100 000 = 3
• >100 000 = 5
Factor #C2 – Level of exposure
A surrogate number, which will represent the level of exposure (SNLF), is calculated
using percentage violation of ambient pollutant concentration, which is calculated as
follows.
SNLF = (Number of samples exceeded/total number of samples) × (Exceedance factor)
– Low = 1 (SNLF = 0)
– Moderate = 1.5 (SNLF < 0.25)
– High = 2 (SNLF 0.25 - 0.5)
– Critical = 3 (SNLF > 0.5)
Factors C1 and C2 are taken as multiplicative. The final value of C2 is calculated by
the addition of penalty for the given combination of critical pollutants to the
maximum value of C2 for them.
For example, critical pollutants: Benzene – exceeded for 8 out of 12 days of monitoring,
RSPM –11 out of 12, SO2 – 4 out of 12
Using the exceedance factor (F) calculated in B1;
SNLF (Benzene) = 2.4*8/12 = 1.6 => Critical (3)
SNLF (RSPM) = 1.14*11/12 = 1.045 => Critical (3)
SNLF (SO2) = 1.08*4/12 = 0.36 => Moderate (1.5)
So, this corresponds to the S No. in the table for Factor # C2 and, hence, the penalty =
2.0. So, C2 = 3 + 2 = 5.
Factor #C3 – Additional risk to sensitive receptors
• No = 0
• Yes (if > 500 sensitive people/ a sensitive historical/ archaeological/ religious/
national parks/ sanctuary/ecological habitat are within 2 km distance from
source, additional risk) = 5

11
Table 3 Penalty values for combination of most critical pollutants Factor
C1
1. Critical Critical Critical/high/moderate 2.0
2. Critical High High/Moderate 1.75
3. High High High 1.5
4. High High Moderate 1.0
SCORE C = (C1 × C2) + C3 (max score = (5 × 5) + 5 = 30)
2.1.4) ADDITIONAL HIGH-RISK ELEMENT
Factor #D –inadequacy of pollution control measures for large-scale, medium- and
small-scale industries and also due to the unorganized sector). It is cumulative of
effluent treatment plants (ETPs), common effluent treatment plants (CETPs), air
pollution control devises (APCDs), and unorganized waste disposal. Maximum score
= 20.
• If all the industries in the area have adequately designed/operated and
maintained pollution control facilities and also common facilities, such as
CETP/EETP/CHWDF, this means that they have adequate capacity and are
having state-of-the-art technology = 0.
• If all the large industries in the area have adequately designed/operated and
maintained pollution control facilities but small and medium industries are
defaulting = 5.
• If all the industries in the area have adequately designed/operated and
maintained pollution control facilities but the common facilities are having
inadequate in capacity or operation/maintenance = 10.
• If all the large industries in the area have adequately designed/operated and
maintained pollution control facilities but small- and medium-industries are
defaulting = 15.
• Inadequate facilities of individual as well as common facilities, full penalty =
20.
Inadequate facilities - 10% units deficient in terms of design/operation and
maintenance of pollution control in case of small- and medium-scale industries
OR > 2% units deficiency in terms of design/operation and maintenance of
pollution control in case of large-scale industries or common facilities.

12
Table 4 Score for additional high-risk element: Factor D
S
No.
Large- scale
industries
Small/medium–
scale industries
Common facilities for
pollution control
Score
1. Adequate Adequate Adequate 0
2. Adequate Inadequate Adequate 5
3. Adequate Adequate Inadequate 10
4. Adequate Inadequate Inadequate 15
5. Inadequate Inadequate Inadequate 20
The status report (last two years) shall be used deciding the score for adequacy.
2.1.5) CALCULATION OF THE SUB-INDEX
After calculating A, B, C and D; calculate the sub index score as:
Sub-Index SCORE = (A + B + C + D) = (30 + 20 +30 +20) = 100
Sub index scores are to be calculated for each of the individual environmental
components that is, Air Environment, Surface Water Environment, and Soil & Ground
Water Environment separately.
2.1.6) Calculation of the Aggregated CEPI
The aggregated CEPI Score can be calculated as.
CEPI = im + {(100 – im) × (i2/100) × (i3/100)}
Where, im – maximum sub index; and i2, and i3 are sub-indices for other media.
For example, a sample table is given below.
Table 3 Penalty values for combination of most critical pollutants Factor C1
Industrial
area/cluster
Air index Water index Land index CEPI (rounded
off)
A 60 60 60 75
B 60 60 50 72
C 60 50 50 70
D 50 50 50 63

13
3.) CHOOSING AN INDUSTRY FOR THE PROJECT
For sake of CEPI development for industry, any industry can be chosen. But as per
Prof. B.C. Meikap instruction, thermal power plant (TPP) industry was chosen.
3.1) CHOOSING 5 DIFFERENT THERMAL POWER PLANT FOR THE PROJECT
In Indian thermal power industry, National Thermal Power Corporation Limited
(NTPC) is a key player.it is a Central Public Sector Undertaking (CPSU) under the
Ministry of Power, Government of India, engaged in the business of generation of
electricity and allied activities. In May 2010, it was conferred Maharatna status by
the Union Government of India. It was also listed in Forbes Global 2000 for 2014 at
424th rank in the world. With 17 coal based power stations, NTPC is the largest
thermal power generating company in the country. The company has a coal based
installed capacity of 33,015 MW. So, I have preferred to its 5 power plants.
Now as Indian power grid is suitably divided into 4 regional grids, I have chosen the
5 power grids from Eastern Region Power Grid, namely- Korba, Kahalgaon, Singrauli,
Sipat and Vindhyachal thermal power plants.
NTPC Plant
Name
Installed
capacity
Location Geographical
Location
latitude longitude
Korba STTP 2600
MW
Jamanipali, Korba district,
Chhattisgarh
22.38 N 82.68 E
Kahalgaon
STTP
2340
MW
Kahalgaon, Bhagalpur
district, Bihar
25.14 N 87.15 E
Singrauli
STTP
2000
MW
Shaktinagar, Sonebhadra
district, Uttar Pradesh
24.10 N 82.7 E
Sipat STTP 2980
MW
Sipat, Bilaspur district,
Chhattisgarh
22.13 N 82.29 E
Vindhyachal
STTP
4260
MW
Singrauli, Madhya
Pradesh
24.50 N 82.40 E

14
3.2) BASIC INTRODUCTION TO THERMAL POWER INDUSTRY
Thermal Power Plants (TPPs) convert the energy content of an energy carrier (fuel)
into either electricity or heat. The type of power plant employed depends on the
source of energy and type of energy being produced. Possible fuel sources include:
• Fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum products and natural gas
• Residual and waste materials such as domestic and industrial refuse and fuel
made from recovered oil
• Fissionable material

15
3.3.) FROM COAL TO POWER GENERATION PROCESS
In a coal based power plant coal is transported from coal mines to the power plant
by railway in wagons or in a merry-go-round system. Coal is unloaded from the
wagons to a moving underground conveyor belt. This coal from the mines is of no
uniform size. So it is taken to the Crusher house and crushed to a size of 20mm. From
the crusher house the coal is either stored in dead storage (generally 40 days coal
supply) which serves as coal supply in case of coal supply bottleneck or to the live
storage(8 hours coal supply) in the raw coal bunker in the boiler house. Raw coal
from the raw coal bunker is supplied to the Coal Mills by a Raw Coal Feeder. The Coal
Mills or pulverizer pulverizes the coal to 200 mesh size. The powdered coal from the
coal mills is carried to the boiler in coal pipes by high pressure hot air. The
pulverized coal air mixture is burnt in the boiler in the combustion zone.
Generally in modern boilers tangential firing system is used i.e. the coal nozzles/
guns form tangent to a circle. The temperature in fire ball is of the order of 1300oC.
The boiler is a water tube boiler hanging from the top. Water is converted to steam in
the boiler and steam is separated from water in the boiler Drum. The saturated

16
steam from the boiler drum is taken to the Low Temperature Super heater, Platen
super heater and Final super heater respectively for superheating. The superheated
steam from the final super heater is taken to the High Pressure Steam Turbine (HPT).
In the HPT the steam pressure is utilized to rotate the turbine and the resultant is
rotational energy. From the HPT the out coming steam is taken to the Reheater in the
boiler to increase its temperature as the steam becomes wet at the HPT outlet. After
reheating, this steam is taken to the Intermediate Pressure Turbine (IPT) and then to
the Low Pressure Turbine (LPT). The outlet of the LPT is sent to the condenser for
condensing back to water by a cooling water system. This condensed water is
collected in the Hotwell and is again sent to the boiler in a closed cycle. The
rotational energy imparted to the turbine by high pressure steam is converter to
electrical energy in the Generator.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE PROCESS

17
3.4) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS (TPPs)
Direct impacts resulting from construction and ongoing operations include:
Ambient Air Pollution – particulates, sulphur oxides, nitrous oxides, and
other hazardous chemicals and toxic metals like Hg, As etc. Main six criteria
pollutants are sulphur di-oxide (SO2), Carbon Mono-oxide (CO), Nitrogen oxide
(NO2), Ozone (O3), suspended particulates and non-methane hydrocarbons
(NMHC) now referred to as volatile organic compounds (VOC)..
Water Pollution – occurs in local water streams, rivers and ground water
from effluent discharges and percolation of hazardous materials from the
stored fly ash.
Land Degradation – occurs due to alterations of land used for storing fly ash
Noise Pollution – during operation and cause occupational as well as public
health hazards
.

18
4.) Description Of The Environmental Around Chosen
Thermal Power Plants-
The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring
naturally on Earth or some region.
For our purpose, we are considering 6 environmental attributes of TPPs-
1. Meteorological attributes
2. Land and soil characteristics
3. Coal characteristics
4. Water characteristics
5. Air characteristics
6. Effluents And Noise Level
4.1) Meteorological attributes of chosen thermal power plants
NTPC Plant
Name
Mean
Temperature(oC)
Average
Annual
Rainfall
Height
From Sea
Level
Average
Wind
speedMax Min Annual
Average
Korba STTP 35.2 19.8 26.6 1420.7 mm 298 m 1.91
km/hr.
Kahalgaon
STTP
31.3 16.9 25.8 1111 mm 52 m 2.65
km/hr.
Singrauli
STTP
33.4 16.3 24.7 1014 mm 381 m 4.98
km/hr.
Sipat STTP 35.5 20 26.8 1,259 mm 267 m 3.25
km/hr.
Vindhyachal
STTP
33.4 16.3 24.7 1014 mm 381 m 4.98
km/hr.
SOURCE- http://en.climate-data.org/ and Wikipedia

19
4.2) Land And Soil Characteristics
The information on soil has been collected from various secondary sources.
Source: EIA reports
4.3) Coal sources and their characteristics
As we have chosen coal-fired TPPs, coal characteristics will have a greater impact
on the environmental outcomes of the TPPs.
NTPC Plant
Name
Coal source Coal characteristics
Ash
content
Average Calorific
value
Sulfur
content
Korba STTP Kusmundha and Gevra
Mines
30-47 3300 0.36-0.4%
Kahalgaon
STTP
Rajmahal expansion
coalfields
36-45% 3300 0.36-0.4 %
Singrauli
STTP
Jayant and Bina mines 35-38 3700 0.4-0.5
Sipat STTP Dipika Mines of South
Eastern Coalfields
Limited
32-40 3600 0.4-0.5
Vindhyachal
STTP
Northern Coalfields
Ltd
30-40% 3200 0.34-.41
Source- MoEF-IIFM-thermal-power-plants, NTPC website and Wikipedia
NTPC Plant
Name
Land(acres) Soil Characteristics
Korba STTP 3200 7.3-7.8 pH alkaline. The phosphorous varies from
10.22 to 16.22 kg/ha in the moderate amount,
Potassium ranges from 32.11 to 48.98 kg/ha and.
Kahalgaon
STTP
1020 Surface soils in the ash pond area and at the plant site
are silty clays with low Permeability.
Singrauli STTP 4991 Soil in plant area silty clay, but in ash pond area it is
moderate clayey
Sipat STTP 4753 Surface soils in the plant area are typically sandy
loams, characterized as soft, friable, sticky and plastic.
Vindhyachal
STTP
6128 Slightly alkaline at most of the locations with the pH
ranging between 6.6- 7.6.

20
4.4) Water sources and their characteristics
Water is another important input material. We have investigated to get some
important characteristics of input, so that we can have some idea of the changes
occurring in the final waste water coming out of the TPPs.
NTPC Plant
Name
Water source Water qualities
pH BOD(mg/l) DO(mg/l)
Korba STTP Hasdeo River, a tributary
of Mahanadi River
7.1-7.2 0.9-2.3 5.5-6.9
Kahalgaon
STTP
the Ganges River 7.7-8.7 2.7-2.9 6.4-8.9
Singrauli STTP Rihand Reservoir, Son
river
7.3-8.1 1.0-2.4 6.8-8.9
Sipat STTP Right Bank Canal (RBC)
originating from the
Hasdeo Barrage
7.5-8.5 1.4-1.8 6.3-7.5
Vindhyachal
STTP
Madhya Pradesh's share of
water in Rihand basin.
7.3-8.1 1.2-2.4 6.8-8.9
Source-BasinWiseCompiledData-2011
4.5) Air Quality Monitoring –
The prime objective of baseline air quality monitoring is to assess existing air quality
of the area.
Different pollutants present in air:
Some of the main pollutants for our consideration as per CPCB guidelines that are
abundant in TPPs are SO2, NOX and Suspended particulate matter (SPM).
Suspended particulate matter (SPM)
SPM is a complex mixture of organic substances, present in the atmosphere both as
solid particles and liquid droplets. They include fumes, smoke, dust and aerosols. PM
is measured and classified by what is called the respiratory fraction of particles, for
example, PM10 and PM2.5.

21
NTPC Plant Name Ambient Air Qualities (in μg/m3)
SO2 NOx SPM
Korba STTP 62.9 53.9 285
Kahalgaon STTP 54.2 67.3 270.9
Singrauli STTP 68.2 71.1 311.4
Sipat STTP 65.5 43.2 307.4
Vindhyachal STTP 71.46 77.84 320.5
4.6) Effluents And Noise Levels During Operation Phase
The main solid waste from the thermal Power Plants is ash (Fly ash and Bottom ash).
Liquid effluents are produced from water treatment plant wastes (clarifier sludge,
filter backwash, demineralizing plant regeneration waste and tube settler sludge),
cooling tower blowdown, ash water blowdown, boiler blowdown and domestic
waste. And, Noise is generated by turbines, boiler feed pumps, air compressors,
cooling towers, transformers, the coal-handling plant, and coal mills during plant
operation.
NTPC Plant
Name
EFFLUENTS Noise(dB)
Ash (ton/day) Waste water (m3/hr.)
Korba STTP 2000 1450 65-85
Kahalgaon STTP 1000 1020 70-85
Singrauli STTP 800 965 75-90
Sipat STTP 1750 1265 68-88
Vindhyachal
STTP
2500 2000 75-90

22
5.) CALCULATION OF COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION INDEX
5.1) CRITICALLY POLLUTED AREA- SINGRAULI
5.1.1)Calculation of Air CEPI- Basic Air monitoring data
Critical pollutants PM10 SO2 NOx
category B A A
Avg. conc. (mg/l) 121.33 19.4 25.2
Exceeding factor
EF
1.74 1.20 0.23
Sample
exceeded/ total
sample *EF
1/3*1.74 1/3*1.2 0*0.23
SNLF 0.58 0.40 0
score penalty 2 0
So, A1 = 2(total)
No of Industry in area/10 km2 area: R-17 type– 01 and R-54 category -26
So, Factor A2 =2.5
A =A1*A2 =2*2.5= 5
B- Factor:
B1 = 6 + 1.75(penalty) =7.75 (exceeding factor >1.5 and pollutants are critical, high
and high/moderate range)
B2 =3 (Symptoms of exposure on people)
B3 =3 (evidence of Symptoms of exposure on Eco-geological feature)
B = B1+B2+B3 = 7.75+3+3 =13.75
C-Factor
Population exposed up to 2.0 km from source Industry= 95,000
C1 =3

23
C2 =SNLF max score + penalty =3+1.75 =4.75
C3= Risk to sensitive receptor historical/ park etc. are within 2 km =No =0
C =C1*C2+C3 =3*4.75 +0 =14.75
D-Factor-based on pollution control measure for L/M/SSI (large-scale, medium- and
Small-scale industries)
D =5
5.1.2) Calculation of Water CEPI
Basic Water monitoring data
Critical pollutants F COD TSS
category C B B
Avg. conc. (mg/l) 0.37 18.6 16
Exceeding factor EF 5.55 4.23 3.58
Sample exceeded/ total sample
*EF
1/2*5.55 1/3*4.23 0*3.58
SNLF 2.755 1.41 1.34
score 4 penalty 0
So, A1 = 4+1.5(penalty) =5.5(total) & Factor A2 =2.5
A =A1*A2 =5.5*2.5= 13.75
B- Factor:
B1 = 6 + 2(penalty) =8, B2 =3 and B3 =3
B = B1+B2+B3 = 8+3+3 =14
C-Factor
C1 =3, C2 = 2+3 =5 and C3= 0
C =C1*C2+C3 =3*5+0=15
Air CEPI =A+B+C+D=5+13.75+14.75+5 =38.5

24
D-Factor- D =5
Water CEPI =A+B+C+D=13.75+14+15+5 =47.5
5.1.3) Calculation of Land CEPI: Basic Land monitoring data
Critical pollutants Mercury F TDS
category C B B
Avg. conc. (μg/m3) 0.0035 1.01 632
Sample exceeded/ total sample *EF 0/7*0.35 1/7*0.33 6/7*1.27
SNLF 0 0.05 1.09
score 1 1.5 3
So, A1 = 4+1.5=5.5(total) & Factor A2 =2.5
A =A1*A2 =5.5*2.5= 13.75
B- Factor:
B1 = 3+1(penalty) =4, B2 =3 and B3 =3
B = B1+B2+B3 = 4+3+3 =10
C-Factor
C1 =3, C2 = 3+1.75(penalty) =4.75 and C3= 0
C =C1*C2+C3 =3*4.75 +0 =14.25
D-Factor- D =5
Land CEPI =A+B+C+D= 13.75+10+14.25+5 =43
Final CEPI =Im+ (100-Im)*i2/100 *i3/100
=47.75+ (100 -47.75)*38.5/100 *43/100
So, Overall CEPI for SINGRAULI=56.4

25
5.2) CRITICALLY POLLUTED AREA- KORBA
5.2.1) Calculation of Air CEPI: Basic Air monitoring data
Critical pollutants SPM SO2 NO2
category B A A
Avg. conc. (μg/m3) 285 62.9 53.9
Sample exceeded/ total sample *EF 1/3*1.85 1/3*0.44 0*0.79
SNLF 0.62 0.1 0
score 2 0 Penalty
So, A1 = 2(total) & Factor A2 =5
A =A1*A2 =2*5= 10
B- Factor:
B1 = 6 + 0(penalty) =6, B2 =3 and B3 =3
B = B1+B2+B3 = 6+3+3 =12
C-Factor
C1 =5, C2 =3+0(penalty) =3 and C3=yes =5
C =C1*C2+C3 =5*3 +5 =20
D-Factor- D =15
5.2.2) Calculation of Water CEPI
Basic Water monitoring data
Critical pollutants Arsenic pH DO
category C A A
Avg. conc. 0.6 7.1 6.4
SNLF 0 0.352 0
score 4 penalty 0
Air CEPI =A+B+C+D=57

26
So, A1 = 4+0(penalty) =4(total) & Factor A2 =5
A =A1*A2 =4*5= 20
B- Factor:
B1 = 3 + 0(penalty) =3, B2 =3and B3 =3
B = B1+B2+B3 = 3+3+3 =9
C-Factor
C1 =5, C2 = 2+0(penalty) =2 and C3= 5
C =C1*C2+C3 =5*2+5=15
D =15
Water CEPI =A+B+C+D=59
Critical pollutants Arsenic Fe Ca/Mg
category C A A
Avg. conc. (μg/m3) 0.0035 1.01 632
SNLF 0 0.282 0
score 4 Penalty 0
So, A1 = 4+0=4(total) & Factor A2 =5
A =A1*A2 =4*5= 20
B- Factor:
B1 = 2+0(penalty) =2, B2 =3 and B3 =6
B = B1+B2+B3 = 2+3+6 =11
C-Factor
C1 =2, C2 = 2 and C3=5
C =C1*C2+C3 =5*2+5 =15

27
D =15
Land CEPI =A+B+C+D= 6
=61+ (100 -61)*59/100 *57/100
So, Overall CEPI for KORBA =74.1
5.3) CRITICALLY POLLUTED AREA- VINDHYACHAL
5.3.1) Calculation of Air CEPI: Basic Air monitoring data
Critical pollutants PM10 SO2 NOx
category B A A
Avg. conc. (mg/l) 91 14.6 36.2
Sample exceeded/ total sample *EF 1/3*1.74 1/3*1.2 0*0.23
SNLF 0.58 0.40 0
score penalty 2 0
So, A1 = 2(total) & Factor A2 =5
A =A1*A2 =2*5= 10
B- Factor:
B1 = 6 + 1.75(penalty) =7.75, B2 =3 and B3 =6
B = B1+B2+B3 = 7.75+3+6 =16.75
C-Factor:
C1 =5, C2 =3+1.75 (penalty) =4.75 and C3=5
C =C1*C2+C3 =5*4.75 +5 =28.75
D-Factor: D =15
Air CEPI =A+B+C+D=70.5

28
5.3.2) Calculation of Water CEPI: Basic Water monitoring data
Critical pollutants F COD TSS
category C B B
Avg. conc. (μg/l) 0.46 11.3 12.6
score 0 penalty 2
So, A1 = 2+1(penalty) =3(total) & Factor A2 =5
A =A1*A2 =3*5= 15
B- Factor: B1 = 6 + 2(penalty) =8, B2 =3 and B3 =3
B = B1+B2+B3 = 8+3+3 =14
C-Factor: C1 =5, C2 =3 and C3= 5
C =C1*C2+C3 =3*5+5=20
D-Factor: D =15
Water CEPI =A+B+C+D=64
Critical pollutants Mercury F TDS
category C B B
Avg. conc. (μg/m3) 0.0035 1.01 632
score Penalty 1 1
So, A1 = 2 & Factor A2 =5
A =A1*A2 =2*5= 10
B- Factor:
B1 = 6+2(penalty) =8, B2 =3 and B3 =3
B = B1+B2+B3 = 8+3+3 =14
C-Factor
C1 =5, C2 =3 and C3= 5

29
C =C1*C2+C3 =3*5 +5 =20
D-Factor- D =15
Land CEPI =A+B+C+D= 59
=70.5+ (100 -70.5)*59/100 *64/100
So, Overall CEPI for VINDHYACHAL =81.64
5.4) CRITICALLY POLLUTED AREA- SIPAT & KAHALGAON
Factor
number
Sipat TPP Kahalgaon TPP
Land Water Air Land Water Air
A1 2 4 2 2 3 2
A2 5 5 5 5 5 5
A 10 20 10 10 15 10
B1 3 6+(1.5) 6+(1.75) 2 2 3+(1.5)
B2 3 3 3 3 3 3
B3 3 6 6 3 3 3
B 9 15 16.5 8 8 10.5
C1 5 5 5 5 5 5
C2 3 2 3 3 3 3
C3 5 5 5 5 5 3
C 20 15 20 20 20 20
D 10 10 10 10 10 10
CEPI 49.00 61.5 56.5 48 53 50.5
Overall
CEPI
72.31(SIPAT) 64.39(KAHALGAON)

30
REFERENCES:
1. Ash availability in NTPC power stations
2. Criteria for Comprehensive Environmental Assessment of Industrial Clusters”,
Central Pollution Control Board Ministry of Environment and Forests:
www.cpcb.nic.in
3. Development of Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Abatement Action Plan
for Critically Polluted Area – Korba”, Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board:
www.enviscecb.org
4. National Pollutant Inventory, Department of Environment, Australian
Government: http://www.npi.gov.au/resource/sulfur-dioxide
5. Environmental impact assessment for Vindhyachal super thermal power project
environmental impact assessment for Singrauli super thermal power project
6. Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment, India: Sipat Super Thermal Power
Project (Stage I and II) and Kahalgaon Super Thermal Power Project (Stage II) ,March
2006
7. MoEF-IIFM-thermal-power-plants
8. http://indianpowersector.com/home/power-station/thermal-power-plant/
9. Environmental Impact Assessment With Respect To Ambient Air Quality in the
Neighborhood of A Typical Thermal Power Plant, by 1Dr. S. Mohan and Dr. S.

31
Palanivelraja
10. Effects of Thermal Power Plant On Environment By W. K. Pokale
11. BasinWiseCompiledData-2011- CPCB
12. Impact of Coal Based Thermal Power Plant on Environment and its Mitigation
Measure by Ahmad Shamshad, Fulekar M.H., and Pathak Bhawana
13. http://www.cpcb.nic.in/ and http://www.ntpc.co.in/

A project report on indexing of similar group of industries based on various environmental parameters

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to A project report on indexing of similar group of industries based on various environmental parameters

Similar to A project report on indexing of similar group of industries based on various environmental parameters (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

A project report on indexing of similar group of industries based on various environmental parameters