Ferrocement is a thin reinforced concrete made of cement mortar reinforced with closely spaced wire mesh. It has a higher ratio of steel to cement than conventional concrete. Ferrocement has properties of both steel and concrete - it is flexible like steel but does not rust. It can be manufactured using various techniques like hand plastering, semi-mechanized process, centrifuging, and guniting. Ferrocement has advantages of high strength, ductility, impact resistance, and permeability. Its applications include domestic water tanks, gas holders, boat building, manhole covers, roofing, and pressure pipes.
Ferrocement is a special form of concrete where there is no coarse aggregate but cement mortar is reinforced with wire mesh to obtain higher strength and low weight.
FERROCRETE - MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION METHODSjagrutib22
Ferrocrete - introduction, ferrocement, history, difference between rcc and ferrocrete, applications, advantages and disadvantages, construction methods, use of ferrocrete technology and other information.
Ferrocement is a special form of concrete where there is no coarse aggregate but cement mortar is reinforced with wire mesh to obtain higher strength and low weight.
FERROCRETE - MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION METHODSjagrutib22
Ferrocrete - introduction, ferrocement, history, difference between rcc and ferrocrete, applications, advantages and disadvantages, construction methods, use of ferrocrete technology and other information.
STEEL - As a Building material:
A 20-minute brief presentation on STEEL for a seminar session.
This presentation covers the areas of :
Origin of Steel, Discovery of STEEL, History of steel making, Classification of STEEL , Properties of steel, Mild Steel , Characteristic tension test curve, Medium Carbon Steel, High Carbon Steel, TOR Steel, Manufacturing processes.
Why STEEL is preferred to concrete?
Disadvantages of STEEL
Some Important Steel Structures
Low cost housing refers to houses that are inexpensive to build. IT doesn't mean that the houses will be inexpensive to live in.
The goal of low-cost housing is to save money while also maintaining buildings quality.
Following Properties Reduces Cost of Construction:
Locally available materials .
Improved skills and technology.
Without sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the structure.
STEEL - As a Building material:
A 20-minute brief presentation on STEEL for a seminar session.
This presentation covers the areas of :
Origin of Steel, Discovery of STEEL, History of steel making, Classification of STEEL , Properties of steel, Mild Steel , Characteristic tension test curve, Medium Carbon Steel, High Carbon Steel, TOR Steel, Manufacturing processes.
Why STEEL is preferred to concrete?
Disadvantages of STEEL
Some Important Steel Structures
Low cost housing refers to houses that are inexpensive to build. IT doesn't mean that the houses will be inexpensive to live in.
The goal of low-cost housing is to save money while also maintaining buildings quality.
Following Properties Reduces Cost of Construction:
Locally available materials .
Improved skills and technology.
Without sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the structure.
Fiber reinforced concrete - Fibers types and properties, Behavior of FRC in compression, tension including pre-cracking stage and post-cracking stages, behavior in flexure and shear.
Unidirectional carbon fiber fabric for concrete repairsong Han
Unidirectional carbon fiber fabric for concrete repair. www.horseen.com. Carbon fiber wrap used for shear strengthening, confinement strengthening, flexural strengthening.
Application Range
• Load increases
• Seismic reinforcement
• Improve structural state
• Damage of structural parts
• Change the structural function
• Remit mistakes in design and construction
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Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
1. Government Engg. College,
Ajmer
Submitted to : -
MR. Anurag Kumar Singh
Assistant Professor(NPIU)
CE DEPARTMENT
Submitted by : -
Vedprakash Jangid
(15CE57), 4th year
Civil Engineering
A
SEMINAR
On
FERRO-CEMENT
2. DEFINITION
• Ferrocement is a type of thin wall reinforced
concrete commonly constructed of hydraulic
cement mortar reinforced with closely spaced
layers of continuous and relatively small size wire
mesh. The mesh may be made of metallic or other
suitable materials.”
- ACI Committee
3. FERRO-CEMENT
In 1943 Pier Luigi Nervi tested and
presented in his paper, a new structural
elements, an extremely thin plate of
concrete made layers of small diameter
wire mess and cement mortar with sand
used as binder.
Ferrocement differs from conventional
concrete in that there is a higher ratio of
steel to cement mortar.
4. FERRO-CEMENT
• Ferrocement has many properties of steel and yet it will not rust.
Although it looks and feels like concrete it can flex without cracking.
• By altering the steel/cement ratio we actually produce a material,
which is superior to either steel or cement separately.
5. MATERIAL USED IN FERROCEMENT
1.CEMENT MORTAR
2.REINFORCEMENT
A. Skeleton Steel
B. Wire Mesh
6. CEMENT MORTAR
• Ordinary portland cement and fine aggregate matrix is used
• Particle size of sand should not more than 2.36mm and less than
1.18mm
• More than 2.36mm particle can make the mortar porous and particles
less than 1.18mm requires more water to impermeable structure.
• Sand occupies 60 to 75% of the volume of the mortar
7. SKELETON STEEL
• The skeleton steel frame is made conforming exactly to shape of
the structure and the geometry
• The steel rods is spaced at 70 to 100 mm apart and diameter may
vary from 3 to 8 mm
• This is used for holding the wire mesh in shape of the structure and
position
• In case where higher stresses may occur, the mild steel bars are
used.
8. WIRE MESH
• The wire mesh consists of galvanized wire spaced at 6 to 20 mm centre to
centre and 0.5 to 1.5 mm diameter
• The wire mesh may be of the shape as welded wire mesh or square
woven wire mesh, Hexagonal wire or mesh expanded metal etc
• The yield strength of plain wires used in fabric should no be more than
415 MPa and 500 MPa for deformed wires.
• The steel content may vary between 300 kg to 500 kg per cubic metre of
mortar.
11. HAND PLASTERING
• In this method the control thickness is difficult and the minimum
thickness of section that can be casted works out to be 2cms.
• The strength obtained by this system will be lower compared to
other methods
• Units can be cast by this process and used in situations where for
other improved methods do not exist.
• These units can be used for pipes , storage structures and
gasholder unit
12. SEMI MECHANISED PROCESS
• This system is termed as semi-mechanised because the mould can
be rotated to facilitate dashing of mortar
• The uniformity of this system is also better than the earlier system
• Better compaction can be obtained by means of a straight edge
pressed against the inner mould in this method
• Local, un-skilled people can handle this process
13. CENTRIFUGING METHOD
• Centrifuging process is adopted for the fabrication of concrete
cylindrical units
• Because of good compaction the ferrocement pipe cast by
centrifuging can be used as pressure pipes
14. GUNITING
• The process of geniting can be adopted for applying the mortar to
the wire mesh system.
• This appears to be suitable process or mass production of
ferrocement prefabricated units.
• If This process applies with experienced gunman, it can give
compacted and uniform surface
15. PROPERTIES OF FERRO-CEMENT
• High tensile strength and stiffness
• Better impact and punching shear resistance
• Undergo large deformation before cracking or high deflection
• Low weight
• Low w/c ratio produces impermeable structures
• It is very durable, cheap and versatile material
16. ADVANTAGES
• High ductility
• High resistance to cracking width
• Ability to undergo large deflection
• Improved impact resistance and toughness
17. ADVANTAGES
• Good fire resistance
• Good impermeability
• Low strength to weight ratio
• Low maintenance costs
18. DISADVANTAGES
• Hard to do welding
• Binding mesh and rod along can be time consuming.
• Number of labour will be higher
• There is excessive shrinkage due to higher cement content
• Constant curing isneeded for a period of 7 days to avoid any
shrinkage cracks.
19. APPLICATIONS OF FERRO-CEMENT
• Ferro cement can be used for casting domestic overhead tanks.
These tanks will be cheaper than any other type of material tanks
• Ferro cement tanks can be used in villages as gas holding
• This material has been used widely for boat building in U.S. U.K.,
and New Zealand
• Thus the use of ferro cement manhole covers is becoming very
popular
20. APPLICATIONS OF FERRO-CEMENT
• Pre-fabricated roof units
• For the production of pressure pipes
• For casting curved benches for gardens, parks, and open cinema
theatre