This is a journal club presentation featuring a recent article in which the authors have attempted a new classification of all ceramic materials.
The presentation and all the related material is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
There have been several changes since inception in the field of dental ceramics. Need for newer materials with improved aesthetics, flexural strength and optical properties made it necessary for introduction of advanced technology in fabrication of dental ceramics.
Composite Resin Luting cements (2nd edition) presentation powerpoint
A type of dental cement
Used for cementation of indirect restorations & brackets
A summary of five textbooks
Laminate veneers by student at faculty of oral and dental medcine Ahram canad...Menna-Allah Ashraf
this document will supply you with all you need to know about laminate veneers :
1) Advantages and disadvantages of laminate veneers.
2) Indications and contraindications of laminate veneers
3) Types of laminate veneer and their advantages and disadvantages.
4) Porcelain laminate veneers : features and preparations.
5) lumineers
There have been several changes since inception in the field of dental ceramics. Need for newer materials with improved aesthetics, flexural strength and optical properties made it necessary for introduction of advanced technology in fabrication of dental ceramics.
Composite Resin Luting cements (2nd edition) presentation powerpoint
A type of dental cement
Used for cementation of indirect restorations & brackets
A summary of five textbooks
Laminate veneers by student at faculty of oral and dental medcine Ahram canad...Menna-Allah Ashraf
this document will supply you with all you need to know about laminate veneers :
1) Advantages and disadvantages of laminate veneers.
2) Indications and contraindications of laminate veneers
3) Types of laminate veneer and their advantages and disadvantages.
4) Porcelain laminate veneers : features and preparations.
5) lumineers
Failures in Fixed Partial Denture
(Prosthodontics FPD- Dental science)
Various types of failures in the fabrication of fixed partial denture
Dr.Sachin Sunny Otta
St.Gregorios Dental College,Kothamangalam,Ernakulam
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Recent advances in prosthodontics / crown & bridge courses by indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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This presentation is all about restoration of endodontically treated teeth, prefabricated post and core, cast post and core, direct and indirect technique.
Failures in Fixed Partial Denture
(Prosthodontics FPD- Dental science)
Various types of failures in the fabrication of fixed partial denture
Dr.Sachin Sunny Otta
St.Gregorios Dental College,Kothamangalam,Ernakulam
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Recent advances in prosthodontics / crown & bridge courses by indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This presentation is all about restoration of endodontically treated teeth, prefabricated post and core, cast post and core, direct and indirect technique.
Recent advances in Dental ceramics / dental implant courses in indiaIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Resin bonded bridges/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Resin bonded prosthesis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Recent advances in orthodontic materials 8th ios-pgsc /certified fixed orth...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Recent advances in orthodontic materials /certified fixed orthodontic cours...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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Treatment planning in posterior mandible Apurva Thampi
this presentation aims at explaining the treatment planning procedures in placement of posterior implants
The full presentation is available on request. mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
This journal club presentation includes an recent article published regarding use of tantalum implants in dentistry. although it has various uses in orthopedics, it has failed to catch on in dentistry. This new innovative technique is fascinating to learn about.
the full presentation and its related articles are available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
Screw vs cement retained implant prosthesisApurva Thampi
This is a journal club presentation featuring a recent article regarding a screw and cement retained implant prosthesis.
the presentation and all its related material is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
Digital workflow in full mouth rehabilitation using CBCTApurva Thampi
This is a journal club presentation on the digital workflow of a full mouth rehabilitation using implants and as CBCT as a guide.
The presentation and all the materials collected is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in fixed partial denturesApurva Thampi
This gives an overview on the diagnostic and treatment planning procedures required in fixed partial dentures and also about the biomechanics involved in the selection of an appropriate fixed prosthesis.
The presentation can be available upon request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
this gives a detailed description for the bone density consideration during implant placement.
The presentation is available upon request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
a detailed account of the principles of tooth preparation with main reference from Shillingburg
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
this presentation has all the techniques in impression making in the fabrication of an RPD.
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
This contains an extensive overview of the intra oral examination that should be done for complete denture patients.
any corrections are more than welcome.
please do leave a comment and let me know if the presentation is helpful!!
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
This Presentation includes systematic compilation of the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and pathology related to saliva and salivary glands. it also mentions about the role of saliva in dentistry. Any additions or mistakes are welcome!
Please do leave your comments and let me know if the presentations has helped you!
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
This presentation covers in detail all the information necessary for a dentist to understand the importance of colour in dentistry, and how its use adds to one's knowledge in dental esthetics.
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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2. About the Key article….
• New classification system for ceramic and ceramic-like restorationsTitle
• Stefano Gracis, Van P Thompson, Jonathan L Ferencz, Nelson, Silva, Estevam A
Bonfante
Authors
• Narrative reviewType of study
• 2015Year
• International Journal of ProsthodonticsJournal
2
3. Purpose of the study
To propose a new classification system for ceramic and ceramic like
restorations in a an attempt to systematize and include a new class
of materials
3
4. Need for the study
High number
of products
available –
newer
products being
developed
Communicat
ion and
education
Clinically
relevant
information
Where to use?
What type?
How to lute it?
Warrant for continuous
revisions and updates
4
5. Basis of the study
Glass
matrix
Polycry
stalline
Resin
matrix
Criteria : Based on the phase
present in the composition
5
6. Introduction
Ceramics mainstay
of esthetic dentistry
John Mclean
introduced aluminous
porcelain – mid 1960’s
continuous
improvements in
strength, esthetics and
methods of fabrication
Selection of material
strength, translucency,
manufacturing
techniques,
preferences, advertising
6
8. All ceramics
Composition
Predominantly
composed of glass
Particle filled glass
Polycrstalline
Processing methods
Powder/liquid
building
Slip casting
Hot pressed
ceramic
CAD/CAM
Fusing temperature
High fusing
Medium fusing
Low fusing
Ultra low fusing
Microstructure
Leucite reinforced
Lithium disilicate
Alumina
Zirconia
Translucency Fracture resistance Abrasiveness
8
Drawbacks : it is not
specific and does not
include the most
recent developments
9. All ceramics
Reinforced glass cermic
– leucite reinforced
Lithium disilicate glass
ceramics
Glass infiltrated
ceramics
High strength oxide
ceramics
9
Drawbacks : it is
not specific and
does not include
the most recent
developments
10. All ceramics
Composition category I
Glass based systems
mainly silica
Composition category
II
Glass based systems
with fillers - crystalline
leucite
Lithium disilicate
Composition category
III
Crystalline based
systems with glass
fillers
Alumina
Composition category
IV
Polycrystalline solids
Alumina
Zirconia
10
Drawbacks : Too
general and
impractical
13. All previous classifications are
general and imprecise
Failure to
recognize
developments in
ceramic technology
13
Previous classifications
do not include resin
matrix materials
Recently coded as
“ceramics” by the ADA –
ceramic like properties
20. Polycrystalline ceramics
Fine grain
crystalline
structure
Provides
strength and
fracture
toughness
Limited
translucency
Absence of glass
phase – difficult
to etch with
hydrofluoric acid
20
• Formed by powders –
packed to 70% of
theoretical density
• Shrink by 30% by vol fully
dense
- Kelly et al 2011 Aus Dent J
21. Polycrystalline ceramics
Alumina
First introduced by Nobel Biocare in 1990 – core material for fabrication with
High hardness (17-20 GPa) and high strength
High elastic modulus (300 GPa) – vulnerable to bulk fractures
Decreased use
21
Eg: Procera AllCeram, Nobel Biocare,
InCeram Al
23. Fully stabilized
zirconia
• Cubic form
• Contains more
than 8mol%
yttrium oxide
Partially stabilized
zirconia
• Nanosized
tetragonal or
monoclinic
particles in cubic
matrix
Tetragonal zirconia
polycrystals
• Tetrgonal phase
stabilized with
yttria or ceria
23Polycrystalline ceramics
Stabilized zirconia
24. Polycrystalline ceramics
Zr-toughened Al and Al toughened Zr
1976 – Claussen – interaction between crack front and the second phase
+ interatom between crack front an pre existing micro cracks increased
fracture toughness of alumina
ZTA - >50% by wt of Al
ATZ - >50% by wt of Zr
Latest – nanoparticles – resistance to low temperature degradation,
higher strength and higher fracture toughness
24
ZrO2 - 67.9mass% ,
Al2O3 -21.5 mass%;
CeO2 -10.6 mass%,
MgO -0.06 mass%
TiO2- 0.03 mass%
25. Graded Al and graded Zr – variations of polycrystalline materials
Glass infiltrated onto the surface – more damage resistant and esthetic
system
Low stiffness glass to high stiffness core
ZR + silicate glass – 100% to 0% across a 120 μm interphase – varying
elastic modulus
25Polycrystalline ceramics
Zr-toughened Al and Al toughened Zr
26. Resin –matrix cearmics
Organic matrix highly filled with ceramic particles
ADA - pressed fired polished or milled materials containing
predominantly inorganic refractory compounds – including porcelain
glasses, ceramics and glass ceramics - 2015
>50% by wt
26
EM more
close to
of dentine
Easier to
mill
Facilitate
repair or
modify
28. Resin matrix ceramics
Glass ceramic in a resin penetrating matrix
Dual network
Feldspathic ceramic
network + polymer
network
28
SiO2 58 – 63%
Al2O3 20-23%
Na2O 9-11%
K2O 4-6%
B2O3 0.5-2%
Zr2O and CaO <1%
29. Resin matrix ceramics
Zr – Si ceramic in a resin interpenetrating
matrix
Different organic matrices
eg: UDMA. TEGDMA. Microfumed silica, pigments
85% ultrafine Zr-Si ceramic particles (0.6μm) embedded in a polymer
of bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate, TEGDMA and a patented ternery
29
30. Discussion
Materilas available have increased significantly
Classification help in material selection
Criteria used to differentiate ceramic systems – phase or phase in the chemical composition
Techniques of fabrication
• Freehand layering
• Hot pressing of an ingot nto a mold
• Slip casting technique
• CAD/CAM of a block or disc
30
33. Use of material –
core/veneer
Etchability is important
Indications for adhesive
cementation (Ghert et al
2013)
Abutment height
less than 4mm
Angle of
convergence
>10degrees
33
Hydrofluoric acid
topography modifies
topography of the
substrate – micro
retentions (9.5% at
25 ֯C for 1 hour)
Etching removes
surface damages
caused by sand
blasting
35. Conclusion
Compared to the previous classification, this system of classification
provides amore logical and precise method of classification.
Includes the latest advancements in the field of ceramics
35
36. References 36
Helvey et al. classifying dental ceramics: numerous materials and
formulaions available for indirect restoration. Compend Contin Educ Dent
2014 35:38-43
Guess et al. all ceramic systems laboratory and clinical erformance. Dent
clin nirth am 2011. 55:333-352
Shenoy et al. dental ceramics: an upstae. J Coserv Dent 2010. 13:195-203
Giordano et al. ceramics overview: classification by microstructure and
processind methods Compend Conting Educ Dent 2010 :31:6282-684,
686,688
37. Martin et al. material and clinical consideration for full coverage indirect
restoreation. Com[end contin educ dent 2012 ; 33:2-5
Kelly et al. ceraic material sin dentistry-historical evolution and current
practice Aus dent J 2011;56:84-96
Nakamura et al. current status of zirconia restration. J prosthodont Res
2013 57-236-261
Fischer et al. range of indication for ranslucnet zirconia modification;
clinical and technical aspect. Quintescence int 2013;44:557-566
Kim et al. effects of sintering conditions of dental zirconia ceramics on the
grain sizr and translucency. J Adv Prosthodnot 2013; 5:161-166
37
38. Quinn et al. Fractographic failure analysis of a procera all ceram crown
using stereo and scanning electron microscopy. Dent Mater 2008;24:1107-
113
Piconi et al. zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial. Biomaterial 1999;20:1-25
Chevalier et al. tetragonal-monoclinica transformation in zirconia: lessons
learnt and future trneds. J am ceram soc 2009;82:1901-1920
Abi et al. microstructure and mechanical properties of MgO stabilizied
Zro2-Al2O3 dental composite. J Mech behave biomed mater 2013; 18:123-
131
38
39. Gehrt et al. clinica results of lithium disilcate crowns after upto 9 years of
service. Clin oral investing 2013; 17:275-284
Giordano 2nd R. A comparison of all-ceramic restorative systems: Part 2.
General dentistry. 1999 Dec;48(1):38-40.
Kelly JR. Ceramics in restorative and prosthetic dentistry 1. Annual Review
of Materials Science. 1997 Aug;27(1):443-68.
39
Naturally occuring feldspathic porcelain – anterior teeth, high fusing – porcelain jacket crowns, denture teeth and partial coverage
Becoemd difficult for clinicians to choose from
Predominantly glassy – no regular pattern - amorphous
Kaolin hydrated aluminosilicate
Quartz silica
Feldspar mixture of sodium and potash aluminosilicate
When used as veneering materials they are modified to match their respective frameworks
When used as framework, 70% lithium disilcate
Slip casting slurry of densely packed Al2O3 is sintered onto a refractory die – porous alumina sle;eton – infiltrated with lanthanum glass
Decreased popularity due to lithium disilicate and zirconia particularly for CAD/CAM fabrication
Volume increase closes cracks, increases fracture toughness
Oxides used are yttrium, magnesium, calcium and cerium fully or partially stabilize
Fledspathic network – 86% by wt
Polymer – 14% by wt