3. Introduction
Afforestation is a process of planting trees or sowing seeds in a
barren land to create a forest.
Restoration of plants and animals for the next generation.
Some plants having medicinal properties whichare very effective
for curing the diseases.
Afforestation in India gives out many advantages such as It
brings proper rain, It reduces Global warming, It prevents soil
erosion fromheavy rains. & It brings in beauty to the nature.
4.
5.
6. Facts about forest
India is among the top 10 forestedcountries in the
world.(Nov 2011)
16 types of forests are foundin India
11 percent of plant biodiversity in the worldis foundin
India.
There are 15,000 species of flowering plants in India.
7. Benefits of Trees
Trees combat the greenhouse effect
Trees conserve energy
Trees help prevent water pollution
Trees shieldchildren fromultra-violet rays
Tress prevent landslides
Agroforestry
8. what we should do to save trees?
Avoid printing more paper.
Stop using wooden decorative
Plant trees/ shrubs
Gift plants on your friend's birthday.
Stop making disposable chop sticks(china)
Use brown paper bags for lunches
Don't keep paper towels in your house
Adopt a Tree
9. What Are the Measures Taken by the Indian Government to Save the
Environment?
Wildlife Protection Act of 1972
Workshop on Growing and Planting Fruit Trees Organically
Indian Forest Act 1927
Poster Drawing Competition
Planting heldat the hands of the Children
Together We Grow: Plant a Tree
'Goa to move towards green tourism'
10. Traditional ways to protect trees
Revolutions held:
Chipkomovement
Green Belt movement
Navdanya Movement
Kenyan land takeover
Belief Behind trees:
Tree is Worshipped by Hindus.
Some shrubs holdspecial significance in various rituals.
Manusmrti gives distinct of plants.
12. What people say about Planting
a Tree?
Government is taking initiative but only for one day
Trees acquire too many space so there is no space to
build houses
As the standard of living developed fromsmall
houses to flats planting trees got less and people
forget.
Not only planting but also we must save trees from
being cut
13. How Students should take initiative to save our environment?
Adopt a tree/ Shrubs
Plant a tree where you can plant
Stop people from killing tree
Organise Rallies to protect trees
Recycle waste papers
14. Advantages
1. It Increases greenery.
2. It reduces desertification.
3. It brings Rain in proper time.
4. It reduces the pollution level.
5. It minimizes the effect of drought and Global
Warming.
6. It helps the factories to have a proper use of
plant items without leaving a bad effect in the
society and environment.
7. It minimizes the effect of soil erosion.
8. It helps to control Acid rain.......
9.floods can be controlled to some extent
10.wildlife is preserved
11. the rains are more obvious
15. Disadvantages
There is no disadvantage....because planting trees in a proper
way is always beneficial...
16. Promoting Afforestation.
The Promotion of Afforestation can
be broadly Categorized into three
Parts as under:
1) Personal Promotion: Integrated to
Religion, Co-Operation of Saints and
Prophets required.
2) Advertisement and Publicity Based
on Creativity:
Creating Mass Awareness through
Radio/TV, Drama, Folk Dances/Songs
etc.
3) Service Promotion:
Incentives to Individuals,
Institutions, Subsidies, Lucrative
Incentives to Individuals and
Institutional Motivators.
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18.
19. What is Deforestation?
According to UN conference in 1992 deforestation is
defined as
“ Land degradation in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid
areas resulting from various factors including climatic
variation and human activities.”
20.
21. Causes of Deforestation
It involves cutting trees for sale as timber or pulp.
It employs heavy machinery to remove cut trees and
build roads.
Logging roads enable people to access the interiors of
the forest, which in results in deforestation .
In Africa, 75% of land being cleared by poor farmers is
land that has been previously logged.
23. Causes of Deforestation
Most of the clearing of forest is done for agricultural
purposes.
Poor farmers cut down trees or burn it and start
agriculture.
Intensive or modern agriculture destroy the forest on a
large scale.
It is principal cause of deforestation in some countries
like America(35%), Asia(50%),Africa(70%).
25. Causes of Deforestation
Mining, industrial development and hydroelectric power
plant projects are also causes of deforestation.
Dams open the previously inaccessible forest and
damage ecosystems.
In Brazil, the grand carajas project occupies 90,000
km2.
It also affect 23 tribal groups and also cause the high
soil, water and air pollution.
27. Effects of Deforestation
1) Soil Erosion:- The soil gets washed away with rain
water on sloppy area in the absence of trees leading to
soil erosion.
2) Expansion of Deserts:- Due to action of strong wind
mass of land gradually gets covered to sand deserts.
3) Decrease in Rainfall:- In the absence of forest, rainfall
decreases considerably because forests bring rains
and maintains high humidity in atmosphere.
28. Effects of Deforestation
4) Loss of Fertile Land:- Less rainfall results into the loss
of fertile land owing to less natural vegetation growth.
5) Effect on Climate:- Deforestation includes regional and
global climate change. Climate has become warmer
due to the lack of humidity in deforestation regions and
also patterns of rainfall has changed. Droughts have
become common.
29. Effects of Deforestation
8) Loss of medical Plants:- There are many species of
plants, which have been used in India for centuries as
insecticide, fungicide, in medicine and in bio-fertilizers.
Deforestation may lead to the extinction of these
valuable plants.
9) Environmental Changes:- It will lead to increase in
carbon dioxide concentration and other air pollutants.
This would result in Global Warming.
30. Effects of Deforestation6) Economic Losses:- Deforestation will cause loss of
industrial timber and non-timber products and loss of
long term productivity on the site.
7) Loss of Bio-diversity:- Deforestation cause the bio-
diversity leading to disturbances in ecological balance
world wild.
31. Effects of Deforestation
10) Change in living Habits:- This may force indigenous
people to live a new life which they are not prepared.
Disturbance in forest eco-system may result in other
eco-systems that may be separated by great distances.
32. Forest Degradation In India
Depletion of forestry cover less than 90% is considered
as forest degradation and more than 90% is
considered as deforestation, according to Food and
Agriculture Organisation(FAO) of the UN.
Logging is considered as a forest degradation and not
as a deforestation.
In India timber is used for preparing plywood, veneer,
boards, doors, windows and other furniture.
33. Forest Degradation In India
Wood is also used for cooking and heating.
Population, rapid development and men’s dependency
on forest are mainly responsible for Forest
Degradation.
India has lost 3.4 million hectares of forest cover from
the period of 1951-1970.
Nearly 1% of land is turning barren per year due to
deforestation.
34. Control of Deforestation
Reforestation:-
Many countries in the world have started reforestation
and forestry, and East Asian nations are leading in this
regard. Many East Asian countries, including China,
have successfully managed to reverse deforestation.
Legislation :-
By making suitable changes in the law, so that cutting
trees in a forest will not only lead to deforestation being
controlled in a major way, but its flow may also be
reversed.
35. Control of Deforestation
Wildlife Sanctuaries :-
Sanctuaries are very important, not only to save
wildlife, but to save trees as well. Sanctuaries go a long
way in protecting all wildlife.
Commercial Forest Plantations :-
There can be special forest plantations for all the wood
that is needed for the industry. This way the wood can
be cut in a controlled and regulated environment.
36. Control of Deforestation
Cities :-
All cities, let alone new cities, have to be managed
properly. Their expansion has to be curtailed or at least
done in a systematic manner, so that there is enough
green cover, and new trees are planted where ever
possible.
Incentive to Corporate :-
Tax cuts should be granted to corporations, to get them
actively interested in reforestation.
37. Control of Deforestation
Water Management :-
Improper water management affects deforestation in a
big way. If the wildlife doesn't have water, then the
entire ecosystem will falter. The construction of new
dams should be planned properly, so that any one area
isn't deprived of water, while another area has
abundance of it.
38.
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42.
43.
44. Conclusion : -
If we do not put an end to deforestation, all of earth’s
forests will disappear within the next 100 years.
“Plant a tree,
breathe
oxygen for free.”
Editor's Notes
The actual forest cover is about 69.2 million hectares or 21.1 percent of the geographical area total forest and tree cover in the country is over 78 million hectares, or 23.8 percent of the country’s geographical area (nov 2011)
tropical rain forest,Tropical moist semi-evergreen, Tropical moist evergreen, Sub-tropical broad-leaved hill, TEMPERATE etc
habitats for more than 50, 000 species of plants
GREEN house effect- More carbon dioxide is released and pollution is increased so trees control that
Conserve energy- Three trees placed strategically around a single-family home can cut summer air conditioning needs by up to 50 percent. By reducing the energy demand for cooling our houses,
Pollution- trees act like a sponge that filters this polluted water naturally and uses it to recharge groundwater supplies.
UV rays- Trees reduce UV-B exposure by about 50 percent, thus providing protection to skin. Skin cancer can be occured through UV rays.
Landscapes- trees help to hold the soil which is flowing from top.
Agroforestry- Agriculture+ Forest this means that trees help to earn money by growing trees which produce somethings which makes money come in.
5) 11561 chopsticks are made per month
9) The ‘Adopt a Fruit Tree’ programme is but the latest activity of the 40-member strong Vivekananda Environment Awareness Brigade that was founded over a decade ago by environmentalist Rajendra P Kerkar from Keri. “We began by organising street plays, debates, workshops and nature orientation camps with the focus on getting the youth involved in preserving the environment,” says Kerkar. The group’s members back in 2002 were students from Classes VIII-XII who are now teachers, eco-resort owners and rescuers of wildlife in distress; but still as actively involved in the NGO as they were ten years ago.
It helped to establish national parks and limit the harvesting and hunting of plants and animals.
It teaches people on growing trees and their maintenance and how fruit tree is grown and what is required to grow
reserve the areas having forest cover, or significant wildlife, to regulate movement and transit of forest produce, and duty leviable on timber and other forest produce
Poster competition is conducted among students this is the way of awareness among students but are the students really aware with it?
During vanmaohotsava govt. targets school children to plant a tree but after that day do they really care about those trees?
Together, we can change the world and reduce the global damage and environmental impact with our combined growth initiative.
7) Ralph de Sousa, spokesperson of the Travel and tourism association of Goa (TTAG) address media that tree plantation will be held on the beach areas.
1) One of the first environmentalist movement which was inspired by women was the Chipko movement (Women tree-huggers in India). "Its name comes from a Hindi word meaning "to stick" (as in glue). The movement was an act of defiance against the state government's permission given to a corporation for commercial logging. Women of the villages resisted, embracing trees to prevent their felling to safeguard their lifestyles which were dependent on the forests. Deforestation could qualitatively alter the lives of all village residents but it was the women who agitated for saving the forests. Organized by a non-governmental organization that Chandi Prasad Bhatt led, the Chipko movement adopted the slogan "ecology is permanent economy." The women embracing the trees did not tag their action as feminist activism; however, as a movement that demonstrated resistance against oppression, it had all the markings of such."
It began when Maharajah of Jodhpur wanted to build a new palace in Rajasthan which is India's Himalayan foot hills. While the axemen were cutting the trees, martyr Amrita Devi hugged one of the trees. This is because in Jodhpur each child had a tree that could talk to it. The axmen ignored Devi and after taking her off the tree cut it down. Her daughters environmentalists like Chandi Prasad Bhatt and Sunderlal Bahuguna
2) Another movement, which is one of the biggest in women and environmental history, is the Green Belt movement. Nobel Prize winner Wangari Maathai founded this movement on the World Environment Day in June 1977. The starting ceremony was very simple: a few women planted seven trees in Maathai's backyard. By 2005, 30 million trees had been planted by participants in the Green Belt movement on public and private lands. The Green Belt movement aims to bring environmental restoration along with society's economic growth. This movement led by Maathai focused on restoration of Kenya's rapidly diminishing forests as well as empowering the rural women through environmental preservation, with a special emphasis on planting indigenous trees.
3) Navdanya also known as the 'Nine Seeds Movement' seeks to empower local Indian farmers to move away from growing any genetically modified organism (GMOs) on their land and return to organic, chemical-free practices. This movement has reached over 5,000,000 Indian farmers and created over 65 seed banks around India.[42] Navdanya fights to eliminate the commercialization of indigenous knowledge also known as 'Biopiracy'.[43] Navdanya addresses multiple other international issues including climate change, food security, misapplication of technology, food sovereignty, fair trade, and many others.[42] This movement also created a learning center entitled Bija Vidyapeeth. Bija Vidyapeeth, in collaboration with Schumacher College in the United Kingdom, seeks to educate participants in sustainability and ecological principles.
4) In Kenya, starting in the mid-1980s, women protested against the elites and big foreign corporations who were coercing and controlling the production of the land. Rather than allowing food to be grown for survival, women were pressured by both their husbands and the government to cultivate coffee for foreign profit. Protests continued and gained strength over the next couple of decades. The protests eventually ended in a Kenyan power shift enforcing democratic national elections which resulted in redistribution of land possible.
Belief:
1) Padma
(lotus) and trees like vaṭavṛkṣa (banyan), or flame of the forest (pālāśa in Hindi, Butea
frondosa) were given special attention. The worship of the pipal tree (also known as
Boddhi tree, aśvattha in Sanskrit, Ficus religiosa) became a folk ritual, and the pipal was
called the king of trees in Brahma Purāṇa.
2) trees such as bael (Aegle marmelos), aśoka (Saraca asoca) sandalwood and
coconut hold special significance in various religious rituals; so do dūrvā grass (Cynodon
dactylon), tulsi or tulasī (Ocimum)
3) Manusmṛti, an early Sanskrit text, gives a distinct classification of plants and states
that some of them can experience pleasure and pain and have awareness.
1) Used in Ceilings, wind shields, wall copings and floors
2) Used in interior walls and ceilings
4) used for railings, fences, landscaping timbers, cladding and siding, park benches, molding and trim, window and door frames, and indoor furniture
5) Lightweight yet high strength
Dimensioned to pass through loft openings
Simple to fix
