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Inflation is a rise in the general level of prices for goods and services over time, resulting in a loss of purchasing power of a currency. There are two main types of inflation: demand-pull inflation, which occurs when demand exceeds supply, and cost-push inflation, which happens when input costs rise, such as from increasing wages, taxes, or imported inflation. Deflation is the opposite of inflation and refers to a decline in general price levels, while stagflation describes slow economic growth accompanied by rising prices.
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Inflationprepwalk
Inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services over time, resulting in a reduction of the purchasing power of money. There are two main types of inflation: demand-pull inflation, which occurs when aggregate demand grows faster than aggregate supply, and cost-push inflation, which occurs when production costs rise. Demand-pull inflation typically happens during periods of strong economic growth, while cost-push inflation can be caused by increasing commodity prices. Hyperinflation, defined as inflation over 50%, causes money to cease functioning as a store of value.
Inflation for Layman
This document discusses different types of inflation including demand-pull, cost-push, administered price, and sectoral inflation. It provides explanations of cost-push inflation theory, sectoral inflation theory, and structural inflation theory. Cost-push inflation is caused by increases in production costs like wages, profits, or materials that result in lower aggregate supply and higher prices. Sectoral inflation refers to price increases in different industry sectors, while structural inflation arises from unstable export growth inadequate to support the required economic growth rate.
Inflation
1. Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the general price level for goods and services caused by too much money chasing too few goods.
2. There are different types of inflation including moderate, creeping, stagflation, demand-pull, and cost-push inflation.
3. The effects of inflation include a loss of confidence in the value of money, a wider gap in income distribution, inefficiency in output and quality, and potentially increased investment and output. Anti-inflation measures involve monetary, fiscal and direct control policies.
Theories of inflation
This document discusses different theories of inflation including:
1) Monetarist theory which links inflation to increases in the money supply.
2) Keynesian theory which attributes inflation to increases in aggregate demand beyond what aggregate supply can meet at full employment.
3) Structural theory which sees inflation as caused by inelasticities in an economy's production capacity, capital formation, institutions, agriculture sector, and labor markets.
Slide inflation
Inflation can be defined as a persistent rise in the general price level in an economy over a period of time. It can be caused by factors that increase demand, like rise in money supply, and factors that decrease supply, like scarcity of resources. There are different types of inflation categorized based on speed, cause, time period, scope and level of employment. Inflation has economic effects like redistribution of income and wealth, and non-economic effects like encouraging black marketing and corruption. To control inflation, governments employ monetary policy tools like increasing interest rates, fiscal policy like raising taxes, and other measures like expanding output, controlling population growth, and implementing price controls.
Inflation
This document defines inflation as a sustained increase in the general price level in an economy that results in a decrease in purchasing power over time. It discusses the main causes of inflation as an increase in the money supply outpacing economic growth, the national debt, demand-pull effect, and cost-push effect. The stages of inflation are described as pre-full employment, full employment, and post-full employment. In conclusion, high inflation is disadvantageous to the economy but advantageous to the government in paying back debt.
Inflation
In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.
Consequently, inflation reflects a reduction in the purchasing power per unit of money – a loss of real value in the medium of exchange and unit of account within the economy.
Inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index, usually the consumer price index, over time.
Theories of Inflation
This document provides an overview of different theories of inflation including cost-push inflation, sectorial inflation, and structural inflation. Cost-push inflation occurs when increases in production costs lead to a fall in aggregate supply. Sectorial inflation refers to price rises occurring across different commercial sectors due to increases in raw material prices. Structural inflation arises due to an unstable and slower growth rate of exports, which is inadequate to support the required growth rate of the economy.
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Inflationprepwalk
Inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services over time, resulting in a reduction of the purchasing power of money. There are two main types of inflation: demand-pull inflation, which occurs when aggregate demand grows faster than aggregate supply, and cost-push inflation, which occurs when production costs rise. Demand-pull inflation typically happens during periods of strong economic growth, while cost-push inflation can be caused by increasing commodity prices. Hyperinflation, defined as inflation over 50%, causes money to cease functioning as a store of value.
Inflation for Layman
This document discusses different types of inflation including demand-pull, cost-push, administered price, and sectoral inflation. It provides explanations of cost-push inflation theory, sectoral inflation theory, and structural inflation theory. Cost-push inflation is caused by increases in production costs like wages, profits, or materials that result in lower aggregate supply and higher prices. Sectoral inflation refers to price increases in different industry sectors, while structural inflation arises from unstable export growth inadequate to support the required economic growth rate.
Inflation
1. Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the general price level for goods and services caused by too much money chasing too few goods.
2. There are different types of inflation including moderate, creeping, stagflation, demand-pull, and cost-push inflation.
3. The effects of inflation include a loss of confidence in the value of money, a wider gap in income distribution, inefficiency in output and quality, and potentially increased investment and output. Anti-inflation measures involve monetary, fiscal and direct control policies.
Theories of inflation
This document discusses different theories of inflation including:
1) Monetarist theory which links inflation to increases in the money supply.
2) Keynesian theory which attributes inflation to increases in aggregate demand beyond what aggregate supply can meet at full employment.
3) Structural theory which sees inflation as caused by inelasticities in an economy's production capacity, capital formation, institutions, agriculture sector, and labor markets.
Slide inflation
Inflation can be defined as a persistent rise in the general price level in an economy over a period of time. It can be caused by factors that increase demand, like rise in money supply, and factors that decrease supply, like scarcity of resources. There are different types of inflation categorized based on speed, cause, time period, scope and level of employment. Inflation has economic effects like redistribution of income and wealth, and non-economic effects like encouraging black marketing and corruption. To control inflation, governments employ monetary policy tools like increasing interest rates, fiscal policy like raising taxes, and other measures like expanding output, controlling population growth, and implementing price controls.
Inflation
This document defines inflation as a sustained increase in the general price level in an economy that results in a decrease in purchasing power over time. It discusses the main causes of inflation as an increase in the money supply outpacing economic growth, the national debt, demand-pull effect, and cost-push effect. The stages of inflation are described as pre-full employment, full employment, and post-full employment. In conclusion, high inflation is disadvantageous to the economy but advantageous to the government in paying back debt.
Inflation
In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.
Consequently, inflation reflects a reduction in the purchasing power per unit of money – a loss of real value in the medium of exchange and unit of account within the economy.
Inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index, usually the consumer price index, over time.
Theories of Inflation
This document provides an overview of different theories of inflation including cost-push inflation, sectorial inflation, and structural inflation. Cost-push inflation occurs when increases in production costs lead to a fall in aggregate supply. Sectorial inflation refers to price rises occurring across different commercial sectors due to increases in raw material prices. Structural inflation arises due to an unstable and slower growth rate of exports, which is inadequate to support the required growth rate of the economy.
Inflation & deflation by M.Hamza
This document defines and discusses inflation and deflation. It begins by defining inflation as a general rise in prices over time and a decline in purchasing power. It then discusses several causes of inflation, including increasing national debt, demand-pull effects, and cost-push effects. The document also defines inflation rate and discusses both positive and negative aspects of inflation. It describes different types of inflation like low, galloping, and hyperinflation. The document then defines deflation as a decline in general price levels and discusses potential causes. It examines whether deflation is good or bad depending on the underlying cause. Finally, it outlines different types of deflation such as cash building, growth, bank credit, and confiscatory def
Inflation
This document defines different types of inflation including demand-pull inflation which occurs when demand exceeds supply, and cost-push inflation which is caused by rising input costs like wages, taxes, or import prices. It also discusses deflation as the opposite of inflation where prices decline. Stagflation is defined as slow economic growth combined with rising prices. Hyperinflation occurs when a large money supply increase is not supported by economic growth, causing sharp price rises. The main measures to control inflation discussed are monetary policy, fiscal policy, direct controls of prices and rationing, increasing output, controlling smuggling, maintaining industrial peace, and controlling the money supply through tight monetary policy without deficit financing.
Inflation
Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the general price level in an economy. It occurs when there is too much money chasing too few goods, as explained by Coulborn. There are different types of inflation classified by speed, from creeping inflation of around 2% annual price increases up to hyperinflation with no limit to price growth. The main causes are an increase in the money supply or credit in an economy. Inflation can be addressed through monetary policy measures like raising interest rates, or fiscal policy steps like increasing taxes and reducing government spending.
Inflation
Inflation is defined as a rise in the general price level of goods and services over time which causes money to lose value. It can be caused by an increase in the money supply, aggregate demand exceeding output (demand-pull), or increases in production costs (cost-push). Effects of inflation include higher interest rates, exchange rate changes, and reduced purchasing power. Inflation can be measured and is classified by degree of government control, political conditions, or scope. India's inflation rate was last reported at 6.07% in July 2016, averaging 7.64% from 2012-2016. Central banks use monetary policy like interest rates to control inflation, while governments use fiscal tools like taxation and spending.
Inflation
This document provides an overview of inflation including:
- Definitions of inflation and its causes such as an excessive growth of the money supply.
- Types of inflation categorized by coverage, time of occurrence, government reaction, rising price levels, causes, and expectations.
- Positive effects of inflation include increased tax revenues for governments.
- Negative effects include uncertainty that discourages investment and international trade imbalances.
- Methods for controlling inflation focus on reducing aggregate demand through monetary and fiscal policy measures.
Inflation
This document discusses inflation, defining it as a general increase in prices and a decline in the purchasing power of money. It outlines different types of inflation from creeping to hyperinflation. The main causes of inflation are described as too much demand and too little supply, which can be demand-pull or cost-push inflation. Effects include rising import prices, lower savings, and impacts on investment. Control measures discussed are monetary policy like interest rates and fiscal steps like tax increases. Present inflation rates in India are provided, ranging from -11% to 34% between 1969-2013, with an average of 7.7% over that period.
Presentation on Inflation
This document presents information about inflation from an economics perspective. It defines inflation as a rise in general price levels over time that reduces purchasing power. Causes include demand-pull and cost-push factors. Effects are on investment, interest rates, exchange rates, unemployment, and purchasing power. Types are based on degree of government control, political conditions, and scope. Controlling inflation involves monetary measures like interest rates and fiscal measures like taxation. The conclusion is that low inflation enables slow economic growth while excess money leads to higher costs.
Inflation And Types of Inflation
This power point will give you the basic idea about inflation and how it occurs and remedies to control it........
Economic crisis due to inflation
This document discusses inflation in Pakistan's economy. It defines inflation and outlines Pakistan's inflation rate from 2014-2015, which was recorded at 2.11%. The document then lists and explains the various causes of inflation in Pakistan, including increases in money supply, population growth, and slow industrial growth. It also outlines the effects of inflation, such as reducing purchasing power. Finally, the document proposes measures to control inflation, like increasing output growth, controlling money supply through monetary policy, and improving agricultural and industrial development.
INFLATION : NATURE,EFFECT AND CONTROL
Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over time. It can be caused by factors on both the demand side, such as an increase in money supply, and the supply side, such as a rise in production costs. Inflation is measured by indexes that track changes in consumer prices (CPI) or wholesale prices (WPI) over time. There are different views on the causes and solutions for inflation, with Keynesians focusing on demand management and monetarists emphasizing the role of money supply.
Inflation
Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the overall price level in an economy. There are several views on the causes of inflation. Monetarists believe inflation is always a monetary phenomenon caused by an increase in the money supply. Keynes argued inflation occurs when aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply after full employment is reached. Common causes of inflation include demand-pull (excess demand) and cost-push (rising production costs). Inflation can take different forms such as creeping inflation (slow price increases) or hyperinflation (rapid price increases). While moderate inflation may stimulate investment and growth, high inflation negatively impacts those on fixed incomes and makes planning difficult.
INFLATION OF BUSINESS CYCLE
in first part of this power point presentation, you'll know about business cycle and some basic terminology of business cycle graph.
In second part, you'll understand the basic concept of inflation, i.e.. definations, types, causes, measures, etc...
Hope, it'll be benificial to you
THANKYOU :)
INFLATION
This document provides an overview of inflation presented by Praveen Suresh. It defines inflation as a rise in the general price level and discusses its causes such as increases in demand or decreases in supply. The effects of inflation like rising costs of living are explained. Different types of inflation like demand-pull and cost-push are covered. Examples of major historical inflations and the high rates seen in countries like Zimbabwe and Germany are given. Methods to control inflation including monetary and fiscal measures are outlined. The document also discusses how inflation is calculated in India using the Wholesale Price Index and current inflation rates and food price rises in the country. It raises issues with solely relying on WPI for measuring consumer inflation.
Inflation
This document discusses inflation, including its definition, types, theories, causes, and impact in India. Inflation is defined as a rise in general price levels over time. The main causes of inflation are an increase in demand for goods/services and a decrease in supply. There are two theories of inflation - demand-pull (excess demand) and cost-push (rising costs). Factors that can cause inflation include increased money supply, disposable income, deficit financing, and foreign exchange reserves on the demand side, and rising administered prices, erratic agriculture, price policies, and inadequate industry on the supply side. Measures to control inflation focus on underlying causes and include investment, interest rate adjustments, demonetization, fiscal
Inflation,deflation & stagfltion
Inflation is defined as a general rise in the price level of goods and services in an economy over time. It can be caused by demand-pull factors like increases in the money supply, or cost-push factors like increases in input prices. Low or moderate inflation is acceptable, while high inflation or hyperinflation causes economic distortions. Deflation is a general decline in price levels, often due to a reduction in the money supply or spending. While some types of deflation can be good, sustained deflation like that during the Great Depression is harmful to economies.
Inflation and stagflation
Inflation refers to a sustained increase in the general price level in an economy. It occurs when aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply, resulting in excess demand that pulls prices up. Key causes of inflation include increases in money supply, costs of production like wages and materials, and excess demand for goods and services. The inflationary gap model shows inflation occurring when anticipated expenditures exceed available output. Measures to control inflation target monetary and fiscal policies as well as output expansion, wage and price controls.
Inflation by Yasir Gondal
This document summarizes inflation by defining it as a rise in the general price level where demand exceeds supply. It then outlines the main types and ways to measure inflation using indices like the Consumer Price Index. The major causes of inflation discussed are demand-pull, when aggregate demand is excessive, and cost-push, when costs of production rise. Some effects of inflation are a rise in import prices, lower savings, and income redistribution. The document concludes by explaining some control measures governments can implement including monetary policies like credit control, fiscal policies like tax increases, and boosting production.
Inflation
Pakistan has faced high inflation rates in recent years, averaging 11.6% annually. Inflation is caused by increases in demand, such as rising money supply, and decreases in supply, like slow agricultural growth. While low inflation can stimulate production, high inflation harms Pakistan's economy by reducing purchasing power and living standards. To control inflation, the government needs to reduce corruption and unproductive spending while improving growth, monetary policy, the tax system, and the balance of payments.
Inflation
This document discusses inflation, including:
- Definitions of inflation as a persistent rise in price levels or decline in purchasing power
- Methods of measuring inflation like the Consumer Price Index and Wholesale Price Index
- Types of inflation such as creeping, walking, running, and hyperinflation
- Causes of inflation including increases in money supply, deficit financing, and wage increases
- Effects of inflation like redistribution of income and wealth, and impact on different groups
- Ways to control inflation including monetary measures like credit control, fiscal measures like reducing spending, and other measures like price and wage controls.
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Inflation & deflation by M.Hamza
This document defines and discusses inflation and deflation. It begins by defining inflation as a general rise in prices over time and a decline in purchasing power. It then discusses several causes of inflation, including increasing national debt, demand-pull effects, and cost-push effects. The document also defines inflation rate and discusses both positive and negative aspects of inflation. It describes different types of inflation like low, galloping, and hyperinflation. The document then defines deflation as a decline in general price levels and discusses potential causes. It examines whether deflation is good or bad depending on the underlying cause. Finally, it outlines different types of deflation such as cash building, growth, bank credit, and confiscatory def
Inflation
This document defines different types of inflation including demand-pull inflation which occurs when demand exceeds supply, and cost-push inflation which is caused by rising input costs like wages, taxes, or import prices. It also discusses deflation as the opposite of inflation where prices decline. Stagflation is defined as slow economic growth combined with rising prices. Hyperinflation occurs when a large money supply increase is not supported by economic growth, causing sharp price rises. The main measures to control inflation discussed are monetary policy, fiscal policy, direct controls of prices and rationing, increasing output, controlling smuggling, maintaining industrial peace, and controlling the money supply through tight monetary policy without deficit financing.
Inflation
Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the general price level in an economy. It occurs when there is too much money chasing too few goods, as explained by Coulborn. There are different types of inflation classified by speed, from creeping inflation of around 2% annual price increases up to hyperinflation with no limit to price growth. The main causes are an increase in the money supply or credit in an economy. Inflation can be addressed through monetary policy measures like raising interest rates, or fiscal policy steps like increasing taxes and reducing government spending.
Inflation
Inflation is defined as a rise in the general price level of goods and services over time which causes money to lose value. It can be caused by an increase in the money supply, aggregate demand exceeding output (demand-pull), or increases in production costs (cost-push). Effects of inflation include higher interest rates, exchange rate changes, and reduced purchasing power. Inflation can be measured and is classified by degree of government control, political conditions, or scope. India's inflation rate was last reported at 6.07% in July 2016, averaging 7.64% from 2012-2016. Central banks use monetary policy like interest rates to control inflation, while governments use fiscal tools like taxation and spending.
Inflation
This document provides an overview of inflation including:
- Definitions of inflation and its causes such as an excessive growth of the money supply.
- Types of inflation categorized by coverage, time of occurrence, government reaction, rising price levels, causes, and expectations.
- Positive effects of inflation include increased tax revenues for governments.
- Negative effects include uncertainty that discourages investment and international trade imbalances.
- Methods for controlling inflation focus on reducing aggregate demand through monetary and fiscal policy measures.
Inflation
This document discusses inflation, defining it as a general increase in prices and a decline in the purchasing power of money. It outlines different types of inflation from creeping to hyperinflation. The main causes of inflation are described as too much demand and too little supply, which can be demand-pull or cost-push inflation. Effects include rising import prices, lower savings, and impacts on investment. Control measures discussed are monetary policy like interest rates and fiscal steps like tax increases. Present inflation rates in India are provided, ranging from -11% to 34% between 1969-2013, with an average of 7.7% over that period.
Presentation on Inflation
This document presents information about inflation from an economics perspective. It defines inflation as a rise in general price levels over time that reduces purchasing power. Causes include demand-pull and cost-push factors. Effects are on investment, interest rates, exchange rates, unemployment, and purchasing power. Types are based on degree of government control, political conditions, and scope. Controlling inflation involves monetary measures like interest rates and fiscal measures like taxation. The conclusion is that low inflation enables slow economic growth while excess money leads to higher costs.
Inflation And Types of Inflation
This power point will give you the basic idea about inflation and how it occurs and remedies to control it........
Economic crisis due to inflation
This document discusses inflation in Pakistan's economy. It defines inflation and outlines Pakistan's inflation rate from 2014-2015, which was recorded at 2.11%. The document then lists and explains the various causes of inflation in Pakistan, including increases in money supply, population growth, and slow industrial growth. It also outlines the effects of inflation, such as reducing purchasing power. Finally, the document proposes measures to control inflation, like increasing output growth, controlling money supply through monetary policy, and improving agricultural and industrial development.
INFLATION : NATURE,EFFECT AND CONTROL
Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over time. It can be caused by factors on both the demand side, such as an increase in money supply, and the supply side, such as a rise in production costs. Inflation is measured by indexes that track changes in consumer prices (CPI) or wholesale prices (WPI) over time. There are different views on the causes and solutions for inflation, with Keynesians focusing on demand management and monetarists emphasizing the role of money supply.
Inflation
Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the overall price level in an economy. There are several views on the causes of inflation. Monetarists believe inflation is always a monetary phenomenon caused by an increase in the money supply. Keynes argued inflation occurs when aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply after full employment is reached. Common causes of inflation include demand-pull (excess demand) and cost-push (rising production costs). Inflation can take different forms such as creeping inflation (slow price increases) or hyperinflation (rapid price increases). While moderate inflation may stimulate investment and growth, high inflation negatively impacts those on fixed incomes and makes planning difficult.
INFLATION OF BUSINESS CYCLE
in first part of this power point presentation, you'll know about business cycle and some basic terminology of business cycle graph.
In second part, you'll understand the basic concept of inflation, i.e.. definations, types, causes, measures, etc...
Hope, it'll be benificial to you
THANKYOU :)
INFLATION
This document provides an overview of inflation presented by Praveen Suresh. It defines inflation as a rise in the general price level and discusses its causes such as increases in demand or decreases in supply. The effects of inflation like rising costs of living are explained. Different types of inflation like demand-pull and cost-push are covered. Examples of major historical inflations and the high rates seen in countries like Zimbabwe and Germany are given. Methods to control inflation including monetary and fiscal measures are outlined. The document also discusses how inflation is calculated in India using the Wholesale Price Index and current inflation rates and food price rises in the country. It raises issues with solely relying on WPI for measuring consumer inflation.
Inflation
This document discusses inflation, including its definition, types, theories, causes, and impact in India. Inflation is defined as a rise in general price levels over time. The main causes of inflation are an increase in demand for goods/services and a decrease in supply. There are two theories of inflation - demand-pull (excess demand) and cost-push (rising costs). Factors that can cause inflation include increased money supply, disposable income, deficit financing, and foreign exchange reserves on the demand side, and rising administered prices, erratic agriculture, price policies, and inadequate industry on the supply side. Measures to control inflation focus on underlying causes and include investment, interest rate adjustments, demonetization, fiscal
Inflation,deflation & stagfltion
Inflation is defined as a general rise in the price level of goods and services in an economy over time. It can be caused by demand-pull factors like increases in the money supply, or cost-push factors like increases in input prices. Low or moderate inflation is acceptable, while high inflation or hyperinflation causes economic distortions. Deflation is a general decline in price levels, often due to a reduction in the money supply or spending. While some types of deflation can be good, sustained deflation like that during the Great Depression is harmful to economies.
Inflation and stagflation
Inflation refers to a sustained increase in the general price level in an economy. It occurs when aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply, resulting in excess demand that pulls prices up. Key causes of inflation include increases in money supply, costs of production like wages and materials, and excess demand for goods and services. The inflationary gap model shows inflation occurring when anticipated expenditures exceed available output. Measures to control inflation target monetary and fiscal policies as well as output expansion, wage and price controls.
Inflation by Yasir Gondal
This document summarizes inflation by defining it as a rise in the general price level where demand exceeds supply. It then outlines the main types and ways to measure inflation using indices like the Consumer Price Index. The major causes of inflation discussed are demand-pull, when aggregate demand is excessive, and cost-push, when costs of production rise. Some effects of inflation are a rise in import prices, lower savings, and income redistribution. The document concludes by explaining some control measures governments can implement including monetary policies like credit control, fiscal policies like tax increases, and boosting production.
Inflation
Pakistan has faced high inflation rates in recent years, averaging 11.6% annually. Inflation is caused by increases in demand, such as rising money supply, and decreases in supply, like slow agricultural growth. While low inflation can stimulate production, high inflation harms Pakistan's economy by reducing purchasing power and living standards. To control inflation, the government needs to reduce corruption and unproductive spending while improving growth, monetary policy, the tax system, and the balance of payments.
Inflation
This document discusses inflation, including:
- Definitions of inflation as a persistent rise in price levels or decline in purchasing power
- Methods of measuring inflation like the Consumer Price Index and Wholesale Price Index
- Types of inflation such as creeping, walking, running, and hyperinflation
- Causes of inflation including increases in money supply, deficit financing, and wage increases
- Effects of inflation like redistribution of income and wealth, and impact on different groups
- Ways to control inflation including monetary measures like credit control, fiscal measures like reducing spending, and other measures like price and wage controls.
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Inflation
This document discusses various concepts related to inflation including:
- Inflation is defined as a persistent rise in the general price level of goods and services. It is measured using price indexes like the CPI and WPI.
- There are different types of inflation based on rates like moderate, galloping, and hyperinflation. Additionally, inflation can be open or repressed based on government reaction.
- Inflation has causes like excess money supply, deficit financing, population growth, and high import prices. It can be demand-pull or cost-push.
Related concepts discussed include deflation, disinflation, reflation, stagflation, and recession.
Inflation
Inflation is defined as a persistent rise in prices over time rather than a single increase in the price level. It is measured by calculating the percentage change in a price index from one period to the next. India measures inflation using several indices, with the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) historically being the main measure and the Consumer Price Index (CPI) now being the primary target of the Reserve Bank of India's inflation targeting. The CPI is further broken down by location (rural, urban, combined), consumer category (industrial workers, agricultural laborers), and type (headline inflation includes volatile food and fuel prices, while core inflation excludes them).
Inflation, deflation,stagflation, reinflation,disinflation
This document defines and explains various economic concepts related to inflation and deflation:
1) Inflation is a continuous rise in the general price level over time which causes money to lose value, while deflation is a decrease in the general price level.
2) Causes of inflation include demand-pull inflation from increased aggregate demand and cost-push inflation from higher production costs.
3) Stagflation is a period of high inflation combined with high unemployment and low economic growth.
types of inflation and inflationary and deflationary gap
This document discusses different types of inflation including definitions of inflation, deflation, disinflation, and their causes. It defines inflation as a sustained increase in prices over time. Deflation is a decrease in prices, while disinflation is a slowdown in the rate of inflation. The types of inflation include hyperinflation (over 100% per year), galloping inflation (10-100%), and creeping inflation (<10%). Causes of inflation are discussed as either demand-pull inflation from too much spending, or cost-push inflation from increased costs of production. Inflationary gaps occur when current GDP is higher than potential GDP at full employment, while deflationary gaps are when demand is below full employment supply
Inflation | Types and causes of inflation
In this Presentation "Inflation in Economics" offers a comprehensive overview of inflation. It begins with an introduction to the concept, defining inflation and explaining its basics. The presentation then delves into different types of inflation, such as demand-pull and cost-push inflation, providing real-life examples for better understanding. It also explores the various causes of inflation, including built-in inflation (wage-price spiral), monetary inflation, supply shock, and imported inflation. Finally, it covers the effects of inflation on different aspects of the economy and society, such as decreased purchasing power, uncertainty and planning challenges, interest rate adjustments, international competitiveness, and the impact on savers and borrowers. The presentation is designed to provide a clear and thorough understanding of the complex topic of inflation.
5. concept of inflation & stagflation
This document discusses the concepts of inflation and stagflation. It defines inflation as a general rise in prices or a fall in the value of money. There are various types of inflation classified based on rate, government intervention, coverage, time period, and causes such as credit, scarcity, deficit, currency, profit, tax, wage, foreign trade, and stagflation. Stagflation refers to high inflation combined with high unemployment, which India experienced from 1991-1994 due to various economic factors. The document also outlines the causes, effects, and measures to control inflation through monetary, fiscal, and other policies. Deflation is defined as a sustained fall in the general price level that occurs when inflation becomes negative
Inflation
This document defines inflation and discusses its causes and types. Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in prices and fall in the value of money. The main causes of inflation discussed are an increase in the money supply, rising national debt, demand-pull effect, and cost-push effect. Types of inflation include creeping (under 10% annually), walking (over creeping but under 5%), running (over 10% annually) and galloping (over 25%). Inflation can also be defined based on its inducements, such as deficit, wages, profits, scarcity, currency fluctuations, specific economic sectors, foreign trade, and wartime conditions.
Inflation & deflation
This document discusses various topics related to inflation including:
- The meaning and causes of inflation including a rise in prices over time due to growth in money supply outpacing economic growth.
- The types of inflation including wage, cost-push, demand-pull, pricing power, and sectoral inflation.
- Measures to control inflation including increasing supply through greater production, controlling money supply through monetary policy, and reducing demand through fiscal policy and population control.
- Deflation is defined as a continuous fall in prices typically during a recession, which can harm economic growth if sustained, requiring government policies to boost incomes, jobs, and production.
Inflation
The document discusses various aspects of inflation including its definition, causes, effects, and methods to control it. It defines inflation as a general rise in price levels and discusses how it is measured using indices like the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Wholesale Price Index (WPI). The types and causes of inflation are also outlined, along with its negative effects on the economy like uncertainty and reduced purchasing power. Finally, the document lists several monetary, fiscal and other measures that can be used to control inflation, such as credit control, increasing taxes, and boosting production.
money and banking.pptx
1) Inflation refers to a general rise in prices for goods and services over time which decreases the purchasing power of currency. The two main causes of inflation are demand-pull, when demand exceeds supply, and cost-push, when input costs rise.
2) Remedies for inflation include contractionary monetary policy which raises interest rates, fiscal policy like increasing direct taxes and decreasing spending, and supply management measures. Inflation is measured using indices like WPI, CPI, and GDP deflator.
3) Deflation is a general decrease in prices over time which increases purchasing power. It can be caused by structural changes, increased productivity, or a decrease in currency supply. Deflation lowers
Inflation
This document provides an overview of macroeconomic concepts including inflation, deflation, and GDP deflator. It defines inflation as a sustained increase in prices and describes different types of inflation such as currency inflation, credit inflation, and demand-pull inflation. Deflation is defined as a decrease in general price levels. The GDP deflator measures the price level of all final goods and services in an economy. In conclusion, the document notes that inflation is a significant problem due to issues like black money and parallel money flows.
Inflation and deflation
This document discusses different aspects of inflation including definitions, types (demand-pull and cost-push), causes, effects, and measures to control inflation. It defines inflation as a rise in the general price level and notes that it occurs when money supply grows faster than the rate of production of goods and services. The two main types of inflation are demand-pull, which is due to excess demand, and cost-push, which is due to increases in production costs. Fiscal, monetary, and general policy measures can be used to control inflation.
presentation_inflation_._1509551295_244125.pptx
Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the price level or a fall in the value of money. It can be caused by an increase in the money supply exceeding real economic growth (monetarist view) or by increases in production costs pushing prices up (Keynesian view). Inflation is measured by changes in a price index like the consumer price index. It can have both favorable impacts like higher profits and investment, and unfavorable impacts like a reduction in purchasing power for those with fixed incomes. Governments use monetary, fiscal, and direct policies to control inflation by reducing excess demand or stabilizing production costs.
inflation
Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the price level or a fall in the value of money. It can be caused by an increase in the money supply exceeding real economic growth (monetarist view) or by increases in production costs pushing prices up (Keynesian view). Inflation is measured by changes in a price index like the consumer price index. It can have both favorable impacts like higher profits and investment, and unfavorable impacts like a reduction in purchasing power for those with fixed incomes. Governments use monetary, fiscal, and direct policies to control inflation by reducing excess demand or stabilizing production costs.
Inflation overview siescoms
This document discusses inflation including its definition, types, causes, effects, and methods of control. It begins by defining inflation as a persistent rise in the general price level. It then describes different types of inflation such as open, suppressed, galloping, creeping, and hyper inflation. Causes of inflation discussed include demand-pull, cost-push, and built-in inflation from a Keynesian perspective and the monetary theory perspective. Effects of inflation mentioned are hardships for the poor and fixed income groups as well as impacts on business profits, wages, taxes, and investment. Methods to control inflation discussed include monetary measures like controlling money supply and credit, fiscal measures like decreasing public spending and increasing taxes, and increasing production.
Similar to A monster called (20)
Inflation, deflation,stagflation, reinflation,disinflation
Inflation, deflation,stagflation, reinflation,disinflation
types of inflation and inflationary and deflationary gap
types of inflation and inflationary and deflationary gap
A monster called
- 3. WHAT IS THIS MONSTER INFLATION? inflation means, a rise in general level of prices of goods and services in a economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Thus, inflation results in loss of value of money. IT is an upward movement in the average level of prices.
- 4. inflation is divided into two categories : (a) DEMAND - PULL INFLATION: In this type of inflation prices increase results from an excess of demand over supply for the economy as a whole. Demand inflation occurs when supply cannot expand any more to meet demand; that is, when critical production factors are being fully utilized, also called Demand inflation. (b) COST - PUSH INFLATION: This type of inflation occurs when general price levels rise owing to rising input costs. In general, there are three factors that could contribute to Cost-Push inflation: rising wages, increases in corporate taxes, and imported inflation. [imported raw or partly- finished goods may become expensive due to rise in international costs or as a result of depreciation of local currency
- 5. OTHER INFLATIONS • WHAT IS DEFLATION Deflation is the opposite of inflation. Deflation refers to situation, where there is decline in general price levels. Thus, deflation occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0%. • What is Stagflation : Stagflation refers to economic condition where economic growth is very slow or stagnant and prices are rising. The side effects of stagflation are increase in unemployment- accompanied by a rise in prices, or inflation. Stagflation occurs when the economy isn't growing but prices are going up.