A microbial geneticist isolates a new mutation in E. coli and wishes.pdf
•
0 likes•4 views
A microbial geneticist isolates a new mutation in E. coli and wishes to map its chromosomal location. She uses interrupted-mating experiments with Hfr strains and generalized-transduction experiments with phage P1. Explain why each technique, by itself, is insufficient for accurate mapping. Solution Hfr cells undergoing conjugation transfer host genes in a linear fashion. The genes transferred depend on both the Hfr strain and the length of time during which the transfer occurred. F factors arise from improper excision of an Hfr from bacterial chromosome. They can have only specific bacterial genes on them because the integration site is fixed for each strain. P1 does not recognize pseudo-pac sites on the chromosome. P1 seems to begin packaging from random double-stranded breaks on the chromosome that are generated during phage infection. Generalized transduction is the process by which any bacterial gene may be transferred to another bacterium via a bacteriophage, and very rarely a small number of phages carry the donor. A restricted set of genes will not be able to transfer by this method. She wanted to transfer a specific gene to a specific located which is not doen by generalized transduction, so accurate gene mapping will be difficult by these methods..
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Gene and genetic mapping by recombination
Gene mapping in bacteria by recombination process
by arif PHD scholar Animal Biotechnology
1a- What are three ways that bacteria can exchange genetic informati.pdf
1a- What are three ways that bacteria can exchange genetic information? How are these similar
and how are they different? How can they be used to map bacterial genomes?
b) Explain how genes in phages are mapped. (This is different from the above question)
Solution
Ques-1: What are three ways that bacteria can exchange genetic information? How are these
similar and how are they different? How can they be used to map bacterial genomes?
Answer:
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer is the transfer of genes between two
organisms that are phylogenetically unrelated but can readily exchange genes by conjugation or
transduction or transformation. HGT commonly occurs in prokaryotes and it plays a key role in
their evolution. HGT accelerates evolution.
Horizontal gene transfer: 1. conjugation, 2. transformation; 3. transduction
Similarities & differences:
Horizontal gene transfer is the transfer of genomes by between bacteria by the routes that does
not involve parent-offspring transmission. Conjugation, transduction and transformation are the
three mechanism of horizontal gene transfer.
In the above case, it has clearly illustrated that the conditions, which can successfully prevents
transduction and abolish transfer of chromosomal DNA from one bacterial cell to another by
generalized transduction with P22 bacteriophage. Initially recipient cell- surface receptors are
important for the attachment of the bacteriophage (P22) and finally spikes of phage enable
bacterial membrane to lyse finally incorporate phage genome into the bacterial cell for
integration. Therefore, for efficient transduction, presence of recipient cell- surface receptors is
essential in the culture otherwise, bacteria exert resistant effects to the phages.
Transformation type of gene transfer occurs between bacteria. The genes released by dead
bacteria can be transferred to the live bacteria, and get integrated into its genome, which results
in genetic recombination of the host.
Transduction is also involving the genetic material transfer, but this needs bacteriophage as
media. The bacteriophage infects the bacteria in lytic cycle and releases the new virions, the
capsids of some of these virions carry the bacterial DNA fragments into the new host bacteria,
followed by genetic recombination of the host bacteria.
Conjugation: It is the transfer of genetic material from cell to cell by means of direct contact or a
bridge like structure. Bacterial conjugation needs the conjugation tube for genome transfer, both
transduction and transformation does not need this.
Mapping the genome -mechanisms
F factor is mainly pertaining to a class of conjugate plasmids, which meticulously originated to
control sexual functions in prokaryotes via fertility inhibition. The origin of F-factor is mainly
with most common functional segments such as gene traJ, Ori, OriC. The structure of this F
factor contains OriT for origin of transfer and acts as a starting point for gene transmission.
F plasmid organisation
organization and integration of F plamid into bacterial strain through conjugation
Bacterial conjugation
bacterial conjugation genetic transfer transfer of genetic material in bacteria F+ and F- factors bacterial biology genetics factors in bacterial genes genetics DNA synthesis mobilization cell to cell contact bridge formation
Gene transfer
It is defined simply as a technique to efficiently and stably introduce foreign genes into the genome of target cells.
The insertion of unrelated, therapeutic genetic information in the form of DNA into target cells
HFR cells are formed from homologous recombination due to integratio.pdf
HFR cells are formed from homologous recombination due to integration of the conjugate
plasmid into bacterial chromosome. Hfr cells may donate genes from its chromosomes to another
cell. Hfr cells do not possess a complete \"circular chromosome\" i.e. plasmid as F+ cell.
Therefore, the major events of Hfr (high frequency recombinant) cells contain F factor in its
chromosomal DNA often referred as \"episome\". F+ cell possess F factor known as plasmid & it
can donate to another cell through conjugation. Both Hfr & F+ cells are competent for
conjugation through sex pili or mating bridge & finally transfer F factor into the recipient cell.
Interrupted mating:
F factor of HFR cells is mainly pertaining to a class of conjugate plasmids which meticulously
originated to control sexual functions in prokaryotes via fertility inhibition. The origin of F-
factor is mainly with most common functional segments such as gene traJ, Ori, OriC. This
structure is going to promote high frequency recombination through interrupted mating into the
recipient cell. The structure of this F factor contains OriT for origin of transfer and acts as a
starting point for gene transmission to the bacterium of F- (in which no F factor). A streptomycin
antibiotic containing medium is used to kill the remaining Hfr donor cells after interrupting
conjugation. This is completely based on the streptomycin-sensitivity allele (str-s) in the Hfr
strains.
On the otherhand, streptomycin-resistance allele (str-r) presence in the recipient is employed
considerably to specifically destroy the Hfr donor cells after conjugation.
Solution
HFR cells are formed from homologous recombination due to integration of the conjugate
plasmid into bacterial chromosome. Hfr cells may donate genes from its chromosomes to another
cell. Hfr cells do not possess a complete \"circular chromosome\" i.e. plasmid as F+ cell.
Therefore, the major events of Hfr (high frequency recombinant) cells contain F factor in its
chromosomal DNA often referred as \"episome\". F+ cell possess F factor known as plasmid & it
can donate to another cell through conjugation. Both Hfr & F+ cells are competent for
conjugation through sex pili or mating bridge & finally transfer F factor into the recipient cell.
Interrupted mating:
F factor of HFR cells is mainly pertaining to a class of conjugate plasmids which meticulously
originated to control sexual functions in prokaryotes via fertility inhibition. The origin of F-
factor is mainly with most common functional segments such as gene traJ, Ori, OriC. This
structure is going to promote high frequency recombination through interrupted mating into the
recipient cell. The structure of this F factor contains OriT for origin of transfer and acts as a
starting point for gene transmission to the bacterium of F- (in which no F factor). A streptomycin
antibiotic containing medium is used to kill the remaining Hfr donor cells after interrupting
conjugation. This is completely based on the st.
Conjuagtion types and application
this presentation basically focusses on the types of conjugation namely Hfr and F' conjugation.
Recommended
Gene and genetic mapping by recombination
Gene mapping in bacteria by recombination process
by arif PHD scholar Animal Biotechnology
1a- What are three ways that bacteria can exchange genetic informati.pdf
1a- What are three ways that bacteria can exchange genetic information? How are these similar
and how are they different? How can they be used to map bacterial genomes?
b) Explain how genes in phages are mapped. (This is different from the above question)
Solution
Ques-1: What are three ways that bacteria can exchange genetic information? How are these
similar and how are they different? How can they be used to map bacterial genomes?
Answer:
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer is the transfer of genes between two
organisms that are phylogenetically unrelated but can readily exchange genes by conjugation or
transduction or transformation. HGT commonly occurs in prokaryotes and it plays a key role in
their evolution. HGT accelerates evolution.
Horizontal gene transfer: 1. conjugation, 2. transformation; 3. transduction
Similarities & differences:
Horizontal gene transfer is the transfer of genomes by between bacteria by the routes that does
not involve parent-offspring transmission. Conjugation, transduction and transformation are the
three mechanism of horizontal gene transfer.
In the above case, it has clearly illustrated that the conditions, which can successfully prevents
transduction and abolish transfer of chromosomal DNA from one bacterial cell to another by
generalized transduction with P22 bacteriophage. Initially recipient cell- surface receptors are
important for the attachment of the bacteriophage (P22) and finally spikes of phage enable
bacterial membrane to lyse finally incorporate phage genome into the bacterial cell for
integration. Therefore, for efficient transduction, presence of recipient cell- surface receptors is
essential in the culture otherwise, bacteria exert resistant effects to the phages.
Transformation type of gene transfer occurs between bacteria. The genes released by dead
bacteria can be transferred to the live bacteria, and get integrated into its genome, which results
in genetic recombination of the host.
Transduction is also involving the genetic material transfer, but this needs bacteriophage as
media. The bacteriophage infects the bacteria in lytic cycle and releases the new virions, the
capsids of some of these virions carry the bacterial DNA fragments into the new host bacteria,
followed by genetic recombination of the host bacteria.
Conjugation: It is the transfer of genetic material from cell to cell by means of direct contact or a
bridge like structure. Bacterial conjugation needs the conjugation tube for genome transfer, both
transduction and transformation does not need this.
Mapping the genome -mechanisms
F factor is mainly pertaining to a class of conjugate plasmids, which meticulously originated to
control sexual functions in prokaryotes via fertility inhibition. The origin of F-factor is mainly
with most common functional segments such as gene traJ, Ori, OriC. The structure of this F
factor contains OriT for origin of transfer and acts as a starting point for gene transmission.
F plasmid organisation
organization and integration of F plamid into bacterial strain through conjugation
Bacterial conjugation
bacterial conjugation genetic transfer transfer of genetic material in bacteria F+ and F- factors bacterial biology genetics factors in bacterial genes genetics DNA synthesis mobilization cell to cell contact bridge formation
Gene transfer
It is defined simply as a technique to efficiently and stably introduce foreign genes into the genome of target cells.
The insertion of unrelated, therapeutic genetic information in the form of DNA into target cells
HFR cells are formed from homologous recombination due to integratio.pdf
HFR cells are formed from homologous recombination due to integration of the conjugate
plasmid into bacterial chromosome. Hfr cells may donate genes from its chromosomes to another
cell. Hfr cells do not possess a complete \"circular chromosome\" i.e. plasmid as F+ cell.
Therefore, the major events of Hfr (high frequency recombinant) cells contain F factor in its
chromosomal DNA often referred as \"episome\". F+ cell possess F factor known as plasmid & it
can donate to another cell through conjugation. Both Hfr & F+ cells are competent for
conjugation through sex pili or mating bridge & finally transfer F factor into the recipient cell.
Interrupted mating:
F factor of HFR cells is mainly pertaining to a class of conjugate plasmids which meticulously
originated to control sexual functions in prokaryotes via fertility inhibition. The origin of F-
factor is mainly with most common functional segments such as gene traJ, Ori, OriC. This
structure is going to promote high frequency recombination through interrupted mating into the
recipient cell. The structure of this F factor contains OriT for origin of transfer and acts as a
starting point for gene transmission to the bacterium of F- (in which no F factor). A streptomycin
antibiotic containing medium is used to kill the remaining Hfr donor cells after interrupting
conjugation. This is completely based on the streptomycin-sensitivity allele (str-s) in the Hfr
strains.
On the otherhand, streptomycin-resistance allele (str-r) presence in the recipient is employed
considerably to specifically destroy the Hfr donor cells after conjugation.
Solution
HFR cells are formed from homologous recombination due to integration of the conjugate
plasmid into bacterial chromosome. Hfr cells may donate genes from its chromosomes to another
cell. Hfr cells do not possess a complete \"circular chromosome\" i.e. plasmid as F+ cell.
Therefore, the major events of Hfr (high frequency recombinant) cells contain F factor in its
chromosomal DNA often referred as \"episome\". F+ cell possess F factor known as plasmid & it
can donate to another cell through conjugation. Both Hfr & F+ cells are competent for
conjugation through sex pili or mating bridge & finally transfer F factor into the recipient cell.
Interrupted mating:
F factor of HFR cells is mainly pertaining to a class of conjugate plasmids which meticulously
originated to control sexual functions in prokaryotes via fertility inhibition. The origin of F-
factor is mainly with most common functional segments such as gene traJ, Ori, OriC. This
structure is going to promote high frequency recombination through interrupted mating into the
recipient cell. The structure of this F factor contains OriT for origin of transfer and acts as a
starting point for gene transmission to the bacterium of F- (in which no F factor). A streptomycin
antibiotic containing medium is used to kill the remaining Hfr donor cells after interrupting
conjugation. This is completely based on the st.
Conjuagtion types and application
this presentation basically focusses on the types of conjugation namely Hfr and F' conjugation.
Both influenza virus and (IFV), and Measles Virus (MV) are enveloped.pdf
Both influenza virus and (IFV), and Measles Virus (MV) are enveloped viruses with class I
fusion glycoproteins. Experimental exposure to low pH (5.5) buffer will inactivate IFV, but not
MV. Based on this information, What can you infer about the entry pathways and mechanism of
two viruses?
Solution
Entry of virus in the host membrane includes a number of steps.
The entry pathway of Influenza virus is influenced by a fusion protein termed as hemagglutinin.
It is a trimeric glycoprotien present in multiple copies in the membrane envelope of influenza
virus. The structure of hemagglutinin contains a receptor binding sites, fusion peptide, a
metastable structure motif, and the transmembrane domain.
For the entry of IFV the first step involves the recognition of the host cell receptor molecules ,
terminal sialic acid by hemagglutinin. The attachment is multivalent in nature as the multiple
copies of trimetric hemagglutinin gets attached with the receptors on the membrane and triggers
endocytosis of the IFV. The virus is trapped in endosome and moves via a unidirectional
pathway towards nucleus of the host cell. At this position the pH of the endosome become acidic
and induces a dramatic conformational change in hemagglutinin to insert the fusion protein into
the host membrane (nucleus). It induces a juxtaposition of the two membrane and forms a fusion
pore that allows the release of the genome segment in the of the IFV. The genome then
undergoes translation in host cells and thus develop protein and in turns shows symptoms of
disease.
At low pH the hemagglutinin of IFV undergoes a conformational change which results in
exposure of a hydrophobic segment of the molecule which is crucial to expression of viral fusion
activity and thus inactivate the entry of the virus. For optimal expression of fusion activity the
virus must bound to the target membrane before exposure to low pH.
In case of measles virus (MV), like other paramyxoviruses (those which have single stand RNA
which are used as template for mRNA synthesis), for the fusion both the fusion protein (F) and
hemagglutinin (H) are required. These proteins are found on the viral surface in a regular array
of tightly packed spikes H tetramers and F timers. H proteins recognizes the receptors on the
target membrane as well as help the F protein in the fusion process which involves the insertion
of hydrophobic fusion peptide in the cell membrane. Unlike IFV, MV uses single protein , the
regulator of complement activation CD46 as its main receptors. CD46 is a type 1 transmembrane
protein which is expressed in four isoform. MV enters a cell by pH independent membrane
fusion at the cell surface. Binding of the H protein is believed to induce conformational change
of the H protein as well as that of the F proteins. The hydrophobic fusion peptide inside the F
protein is then exposed and inserted into the plasma membrane of the target cell. The structural
changes of the F protein then induce fusion of vir.
Horizontal gene transfer with gene mapping
HGT Conjugation transformation and transduction with mapping
Construction and Characterization of Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA Encapsidation...
Presented at the IPFW 2010 Student Research Symposium and Sigma XI Competition
In order to determine the overall chromosome map for E. coli, four Hf.pdf
In order to determine the overall chromosome map for E. coli, four Hfr strains (#1, 2, 3, & 4)
were obtained from F+ ancestors. The start times of transfer during conjugation matings with F-
strains carrying auxotrophic and fermentation markers were determined for each Hfr strain, as
listed. Using the times for transfer of each maker, draw a unified chromosome map of E. coli,
showing the order and relative distances between these markers. Place the origin of transfer (site
of F insertion) on the map for each Hfr strain. What is the total length of the E. coli
chromosome, in transfer minutes?
Solution
The process of assigning genes to particular locations on a chromosome is known as
chromosome mapping and the map is called gene map. There are many methods used by
scientists to find out the correct location by mapping genes. By using these methods different
chromosome maps can be prepared like cytogenetic maps, linkage maps, DNA sequence maps or
physical maps. Hfr strain indicates a high frequency of recombinants. The polarity of the Hfr
chromosome is determined by the orientation in which F+ is inserted in it. The relative position
of chromosomes on a gene can be found out by linkage maps which are measured in time taken
by second gene in following the first one during conjugation. Here it is assumed that genes
separated by 10 minutes near the entry end are physically same distance apart as the genes
separated by 10 minutes at the F attachment site..
You have constructed a new reporter gene to help you find novel zebr.pdf
You have constructed a new reporter gene to help you find novel zebrafish mutations. The
reporter gene consists of several LEG/TCF binding domains in the enhancer fused to the coding
region for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Wild-type embryos that contain this transgene
normally express it in the brain and eye primordia and have no developmental defects. You then
mutagenize this reporter strain to look for new mutants that affect GFP expression.
Which developmental pathway are these mutants likely to be in and why?
You find a mutant (which you call GLO-1) that ubiquitously expresses your reporter gene
throughout the entire embryo. Which molecule in the above pathway is most likely to be mutated
and why?
Solution
Ans.) Nacre, a zebrafish homolog of MITF is required for pigment cell differentiation. We
isolated a promoter region of shell that contains Tcf/Lef binding sites which will mediate Wnt
responsiveness. This promoter binds to zebrafish Lef1 protein in vitro, and a nacre
communicator construct is powerfully inhibited by dominant-negative Tcf in malignant
melanoma cells. Mutation of Tcf/Lef sites abolishes Lef1 binding and reporter operates in vivo.
Wnt signaling so directly activates shell, which in flip ends up in pigment cell differentiation.
It was determined that the human melanocyte-specific MITF promoter contains many purported
Tcf/Lef binding sites, hallmarks of Wnt/-catenin-mediated transcriptional control. To test the
hypothesis that nacre could be a target of the Wnt/-catenin pathway in zebrafish, a
promoter/enhancer region is isolated for this sequence from a genomic bacteriophage library.
This genomic fragment contains the translation initiation site for nacre which is associated with a
836-bp upstream region with a possible transcription begin site, a cAMP response element
(CRE) and several agreement Tcf/Lef binding sites. These CRE and Tcf/Lef locations are not
fully preserved between the human and zebrafish promoters in either their sequences or their
positions from the transcription begin site. To examine whether the purported putative nacre
promoter/enhancer will direct correct abstraction management of organic phenomenon, injected
one -cell zebrafish embryos with the 836-bp deoxyribonucleic acid fragment driving a green
fluorescent macromolecule (GFP) communicator sequence. Mosaic gene expression is typical for
transient transgenics in zebrafish and because the neural crest springs from only a few precursor
cells, reporter potency is minimized. Despite these, it was ready to analyze the fate of the few
reporter-expressing cells in injected animals..
Bacterial gene mapping
plzz leave your comments.... Publisher Aamer al zaman..Contact no:+923438853008
How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complemen.pdf
How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complement each other ? What
would happen if one branch of the system were Brocken?
How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complement each other ? What
would happen if one branch of the system were Brocken?
Solution
There are three branches of justice system
Let us talk about these.
Law Enforcement- It includes the first investigation done by police. The police investigate first
and arrest to the suspects. Then after they approach court for further procedures. Here police
force cannot punish the suspect as per their understandings. They have to maintain the peace and
harmony in the country.
Courts- Now when the matter has moved to court now court will ask for clues and proofs and
witness for the matter. After analyzing the witness, proofs and other things the court defines the
guilty and punish as per the crime.
3. Corrections:- Now when the court has given it’s judgment, next step is followed by the
correctness. It means the guilty will be enforced. This may includes jail, probation, fine, etc,
Earlier there was capital punishment for brutal cases but now a days it is closed in some
countries because of human rights organizations.
The benefit of this is this removes the criminal from the society and society is safe from those
criminals. Other people have fear about the punishment so they stop the wrong doings.
So I have described you how the procedures are connected with each other. If one branch is
broken whole the system will be failed. If law enforcement is failed the suspects will not under
arrest and further procedures will not take place. If there is no court then there will be no
punishment. All the punishment will be given by police so there may be injustice in the society.
And if correction is failed then the guilty will remain in society and society will have probability
of occurrence of crime again..
Check all that apply to different sets of genes that are homologous..pdf
Check all that apply to different sets of genes that are homologous.
A.have similar biochemical activities (ex. bind to DNA, synthesize polypeptides)
B.exist in the same species
C. exist in the same individual
D.have different cellular functions (ex. cell division, transport to membranes)
E.have different biochemical activities (ex. bind to DNA, synthesize polypeptides)
F. have similar cellular functions (ex. cell division, transport to membranes)
G. exist in different species
******I have already tried: similar biochemical activities, have similar cell function, and exist in
different species I got half credit for this so i must be missing something.
Solution
Answer
Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs, one from each parent that is similar in length,
gene position and centromere location. The position of genes on each homologous chromosome
is the same, however the genes may contain different alleles.
A. have similar biochemical activities.
B. exist in same species.
F. have similar cellular functions like cell division and transport to membranes.
G. Homologous chromosomes may exist in different species. For example, drosophila genes are
homologous with genes of human beings.
So the answer would be A, B, F, and G..
For the following matrices, determine a cot of basis vectors for the.pdf
For the following matrices, determine a cot of basis vectors for the null spaces the column
spaces. A = [3 2 -1 5] A = [2 1 -3 4 0 2 0 -2 8] Let P_n denote the set of all polynomial
functions of degree at most n Let a_o be a feed constant. Explain why H = [p(t) = a_0 + b_x| b
R} is not necessarily a vector subspace of P_x, Are there any values of a_o for which H will be a
subspace? If instead H = {p(t) = a + bt| a, b R}, (i.e., the constant term is allowed to vary over
all real numbers), show that H is a vector subspace of P_n.
Solution
Ans-
A matrix, in general sense, represents a
collection of information stored or arranged
in an orderly fashion. The mathematical
concept of a matrix refers to a set of numbers,
variables or functions ordered in rows and
columns. Such a set then can be defined as a
distinct entity, the matrix, and it can be
manipulated as a whole according to some
basic mathematical rules.
A matrix with 9 elements is shown below.
[
[[
[ ]
]]
]
=
==
=
aaa
=
==
=
253
A
131211
aaa
aaa
232221
333231
819
647
Matrix [A] has 3 rows and 3 columns. Each
element of matrix [A] can be referred to by its
row and column number. For example,
=
==
=a
23
6
A computer monitor with 800 horizontal
pixels and 600 vertical pixels can be viewed as
a matrix of 600 rows and 800 columns.
In order to create an image, each pixel is
filled with an appropriate colour.
ORDER OF A MATRIX
The order of a matrix is defined in terms of
its number of rows and columns.
Order of a matrix = No. of rows
×
××
×
No. of
columns
Matrix [A], therefore, is a matrix of order 3
×
××
×
3.
COLUMN MATRIX
A matrix with only one column is called a
column matrix or column vector.
ROW MATRIX
3
6
4
A matrix with only one row is called a row
matrix or row vector.
[
[[
[ ]
]]
]
653
SQUARE MATRIX
A matrix having the same number of rows
and columns is called a square matrix.
742
942
435
RECTANGULAR MATRIX
A matrix having unequal number of rows and
columns is called a rectangular matrix.
1735
13145
8292
REAL MATRIX
A matrix with all real elements is called a real
matrix
PRINCIPAL DIAGONAL and TRACE
OF A MATRIX
In a square matrix, the diagonal containing
the elements a
11
, a
22
, a
33
, a
44
, ……, a
is called
the principal or main diagonal.
The sum of all elements in the principal
diagonal is called the trace of the matrix.
The principal diagonal of the matrix
742
942
435
nn
is indicated by the dashed box. The trace of
the matrix is 2 + 3 + 9 = 14.
UNIT MATRIX
A square matrix in which all elements of the
principal diagonal are equal to 1 while all
other elements are zero is called the unit
matrix.
001
100
010
ZERO or NULL MATRIX
A matrix whose elements are all equal to zero
is called the null or zero matrix.
000
000
000
DIAGONAL MATRIX
If all elements except the elements of the
principal diagonal of a square matrix are
zero, the matrix is called a diagonal matrix.
002
900
030
RANK OF A MATRIX
The maximum number of linearly
independent rows of a matrix [A] is called
the rank of [A] and i.
Exploring Organizational Culture Research the ITT Tech Virtual Lib.pdf
Exploring Organizational Culture
Research the ITT Tech Virtual Library to find an article each on the following types of
organizational culture:
Constructive
Passive/Defensive
Aggressive/Defensive
Now, answer the following questions:
What were the norms of each culture, and how were they determined?
What were the behaviors in each culture, and how did those behaviors impact the organization
and why?
Of the three organizational cultures, which one would you prefer to be a part of and why
2 pages
Solution
in constructive approach people are encouraged to interact with others, with the co-employees,
understand each other, make a strong group and work to achieve organizational goals. this
culture are focus in which members are encouraged to interact withpeople and approach tasks in
ways that will help them meet their higher order satisfaction needs. in positions where people do
a complex job, rather than something simple like a mechanic one, this culture is efficient.
here employees are become more friendly in nature and builds strong relationships among them.
aggressive/defensive organizational culture:tThis style is characterized with more emphasis on
task than people. because of the very nature of this style, people tend to focus on their own
individual needs at the expense of the success of the group. the aggressive/defensive style is very
stressful, and people using this style tend to make decisions based on status as opposed to
expertise.
the people who are workholics they will be benefited in this kind of cultures. people will be
selfish and only task oriented here. they wont consider the feelings and emotions of employees.
passive and defensive culture: in organizations with Passive/Defensive cultures, members feel
pressured to think and behave in ways that are inconsistent with the way they believe they should
in order to be effective. People are expected to please others (particularly superiors) and avoid
interpersonal conflict. Rules, procedures, and orders are more important than personal beliefs,
ideas, and judgment. Passive/Defensive cultures experience a lot of unresolved conflict and
turnover, and organizational members report lower levels of motivation and satisfaction.
based on the nature of work and importance, one can choose an organizational culture. for me the
constructive approach is more better and gives positive results..
Can you help me write these functions in C I do not need the main f.pdf
Can you help me write these functions in C? I do not need the main function. Thank you. The
language is C, NOT C++ in vertBits Description: Accepts a pointer of size uint32 tand inverts
eachbit of the input data passed Preconditions: Input argument is passed as a pointer Post-
conditions: The number of 1s returned Calls: N/A Called by: main int countNumberofones
(uint32 t intData) Write a function that counts numberof ls in an integerpassed setBit
Description: The functionsets the bit in the specified bit position in an to the specifid value. ue
can be a or 0. bitPosition will be between U an Postconditions: The bit of inData at position
biPosition will be set to walue Calls: N/A Called by main void setBit(uint32 t inData, uint32
tbitPosition.uint32 t alue hammingDistance Description: Function hammingDistance calculates
total number of bits that need to be inverted in order to change inData1 into inData2 orvice versa.
Preconditions: The function accepts two unsigned integers as input Postconditions: Thefunction
returns the hamming distance Calls N/A Called by: main int hammi tinDatal, unint32 tinData2)
Solution
int countNumberofOnes(uint32_t *intData)
{
*intData = ~(*intData); // inverts each bit in input
uint32_t num = *intData;
int count =0;
while(number)
{
number &= (number-1);
count ++;
}
return count;
// return number of 1s in the number
}
void setBit(uint32_t *intData, uint32_t bitPosition,uint32_t value)
{
(*intData) ^= (-value ^ ((*intData)) & (1 << bitPosition);
return (*intData);
}
int hammingDistance(uint32_t inData1,uint32_t inData2)
{
char * d1 =(char *)intData1;
char * d2 =(char *)intData2;
int count =0;
// considering both of same length
for (int i=0;i.
Drag the term or statement to the correct column SolutionC.pdf
Drag the term or statement to the correct column
Solution
Covalent addition to DNA - Methylation on C - trans
Chromatin remodeling - Nucleosomes moved to new location - cis
Covalent addition to histone - Acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation - trans
Localization of histone variant - Histone variants localized to specific locations - cis
Feedback loop - Transcription factor stimulates own product - cis.
Define the labor relations processSolutionThe labor relations.pdf
Define the labor relations process?
Solution
The labor relations process involves managers (representing the ownership interests) and a labor
organizations (union), selected by employees as their exclusive bargaining agent to represent
their interests and engaging in the joint determination and administration of work rules.
Three basic phases of the labor relations process are as follows:
1) Recognition of the legitimate rights and responsibilities of union and management
representatives.
2) Negotiation of the labor agreement, including appropriate strategies, tactics, and impasse
resolution techniques.
3) Administration of the negotiated labor agreement — the interpretation and application of labor
contract terms on a daily basis..
Accounting 5205Solution Depreciation aims to recognize in the.pdf
Accounting 5205
Solution
? Depreciation aims to recognize in the income statement the wear suffered by an asset on
account of its use for the generation of income.
The objective of depreciation is not to recover the investment that the company has made for its
construction or acquisition. The investment is recovered through the profitability generated by
the use of said asset.
? Long-term assets, also known as non-current assets, although they are durable, are not always
eternal. Therefore, accounting forces depreciate assets as their normal lives pass, with the
accepted general accounting principle of time period, equity, valuation at cost, accrued,
objectivity, because they do so naturally by the passing of time, due to its use, due to the wear
and tear of the time this asset is used, in order to reflect its best possible value, or to amortize
long-term expenses (deferred assets). For this there are tables and methods for accounting
treatment..
Aiom for the ADT List. C++ Explain what this pseudocode is doing.a.pdf
Aiom for the ADT List. C++ Explain what this pseudocode is doing.
aList.getEntry(i) = (aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1)
Solution
You have a list
and we know list has index starting from
0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,.....
So
(aList.insert(i, item)): Inserts item at index i
(aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1) : Inserts item at index i and fetches and returns the element
at index i+1
aList.getEntry(i) = (aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1)
So, it means (aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1) Inserts item at index i and fetches and returns
the element at index i+1 and assigns it to element at index i..
an encryption scheme distributes randomly over the Ascii characters .pdf
an encryption scheme distributes randomly over the Ascii characters 32-127
What is the 8-bit entropy??
Solution
An encryption scheme we use must convert plain text to human readable cipher.
We here convert 32 ASCI to 127 character.
The transmitter send the message through the channel.The channel modifies the message in some
way.Then the receiver then finds which message is send.The probability expected value of the
information contained in each message is called entropy .The 8 -bit entropy is mostly used for
finding the value..
A class has 40 students aged 17 to 34. What is the probabilty that a.pdf
A class has 40 students aged 17 to 34. What is the probabilty that at least two students are the
same age? Why?
Solution
Here we have that P(atleast two same ages )= 1- P(no same age)
Now total favorable cases for no same age are 34-17= 18 ( as all will be of different ages)
Thus Probability ( different ages ) = Total favorable case/total case =18/40
And accordingly Probability (atleast two same ages ) =1-18/40 = 22/40 = 11/20
So last required answer is 11/20..
More Related Content
Similar to A microbial geneticist isolates a new mutation in E. coli and wishes.pdf
Both influenza virus and (IFV), and Measles Virus (MV) are enveloped.pdf
Both influenza virus and (IFV), and Measles Virus (MV) are enveloped viruses with class I
fusion glycoproteins. Experimental exposure to low pH (5.5) buffer will inactivate IFV, but not
MV. Based on this information, What can you infer about the entry pathways and mechanism of
two viruses?
Solution
Entry of virus in the host membrane includes a number of steps.
The entry pathway of Influenza virus is influenced by a fusion protein termed as hemagglutinin.
It is a trimeric glycoprotien present in multiple copies in the membrane envelope of influenza
virus. The structure of hemagglutinin contains a receptor binding sites, fusion peptide, a
metastable structure motif, and the transmembrane domain.
For the entry of IFV the first step involves the recognition of the host cell receptor molecules ,
terminal sialic acid by hemagglutinin. The attachment is multivalent in nature as the multiple
copies of trimetric hemagglutinin gets attached with the receptors on the membrane and triggers
endocytosis of the IFV. The virus is trapped in endosome and moves via a unidirectional
pathway towards nucleus of the host cell. At this position the pH of the endosome become acidic
and induces a dramatic conformational change in hemagglutinin to insert the fusion protein into
the host membrane (nucleus). It induces a juxtaposition of the two membrane and forms a fusion
pore that allows the release of the genome segment in the of the IFV. The genome then
undergoes translation in host cells and thus develop protein and in turns shows symptoms of
disease.
At low pH the hemagglutinin of IFV undergoes a conformational change which results in
exposure of a hydrophobic segment of the molecule which is crucial to expression of viral fusion
activity and thus inactivate the entry of the virus. For optimal expression of fusion activity the
virus must bound to the target membrane before exposure to low pH.
In case of measles virus (MV), like other paramyxoviruses (those which have single stand RNA
which are used as template for mRNA synthesis), for the fusion both the fusion protein (F) and
hemagglutinin (H) are required. These proteins are found on the viral surface in a regular array
of tightly packed spikes H tetramers and F timers. H proteins recognizes the receptors on the
target membrane as well as help the F protein in the fusion process which involves the insertion
of hydrophobic fusion peptide in the cell membrane. Unlike IFV, MV uses single protein , the
regulator of complement activation CD46 as its main receptors. CD46 is a type 1 transmembrane
protein which is expressed in four isoform. MV enters a cell by pH independent membrane
fusion at the cell surface. Binding of the H protein is believed to induce conformational change
of the H protein as well as that of the F proteins. The hydrophobic fusion peptide inside the F
protein is then exposed and inserted into the plasma membrane of the target cell. The structural
changes of the F protein then induce fusion of vir.
Horizontal gene transfer with gene mapping
HGT Conjugation transformation and transduction with mapping
Construction and Characterization of Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA Encapsidation...
Presented at the IPFW 2010 Student Research Symposium and Sigma XI Competition
In order to determine the overall chromosome map for E. coli, four Hf.pdf
In order to determine the overall chromosome map for E. coli, four Hfr strains (#1, 2, 3, & 4)
were obtained from F+ ancestors. The start times of transfer during conjugation matings with F-
strains carrying auxotrophic and fermentation markers were determined for each Hfr strain, as
listed. Using the times for transfer of each maker, draw a unified chromosome map of E. coli,
showing the order and relative distances between these markers. Place the origin of transfer (site
of F insertion) on the map for each Hfr strain. What is the total length of the E. coli
chromosome, in transfer minutes?
Solution
The process of assigning genes to particular locations on a chromosome is known as
chromosome mapping and the map is called gene map. There are many methods used by
scientists to find out the correct location by mapping genes. By using these methods different
chromosome maps can be prepared like cytogenetic maps, linkage maps, DNA sequence maps or
physical maps. Hfr strain indicates a high frequency of recombinants. The polarity of the Hfr
chromosome is determined by the orientation in which F+ is inserted in it. The relative position
of chromosomes on a gene can be found out by linkage maps which are measured in time taken
by second gene in following the first one during conjugation. Here it is assumed that genes
separated by 10 minutes near the entry end are physically same distance apart as the genes
separated by 10 minutes at the F attachment site..
You have constructed a new reporter gene to help you find novel zebr.pdf
You have constructed a new reporter gene to help you find novel zebrafish mutations. The
reporter gene consists of several LEG/TCF binding domains in the enhancer fused to the coding
region for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Wild-type embryos that contain this transgene
normally express it in the brain and eye primordia and have no developmental defects. You then
mutagenize this reporter strain to look for new mutants that affect GFP expression.
Which developmental pathway are these mutants likely to be in and why?
You find a mutant (which you call GLO-1) that ubiquitously expresses your reporter gene
throughout the entire embryo. Which molecule in the above pathway is most likely to be mutated
and why?
Solution
Ans.) Nacre, a zebrafish homolog of MITF is required for pigment cell differentiation. We
isolated a promoter region of shell that contains Tcf/Lef binding sites which will mediate Wnt
responsiveness. This promoter binds to zebrafish Lef1 protein in vitro, and a nacre
communicator construct is powerfully inhibited by dominant-negative Tcf in malignant
melanoma cells. Mutation of Tcf/Lef sites abolishes Lef1 binding and reporter operates in vivo.
Wnt signaling so directly activates shell, which in flip ends up in pigment cell differentiation.
It was determined that the human melanocyte-specific MITF promoter contains many purported
Tcf/Lef binding sites, hallmarks of Wnt/-catenin-mediated transcriptional control. To test the
hypothesis that nacre could be a target of the Wnt/-catenin pathway in zebrafish, a
promoter/enhancer region is isolated for this sequence from a genomic bacteriophage library.
This genomic fragment contains the translation initiation site for nacre which is associated with a
836-bp upstream region with a possible transcription begin site, a cAMP response element
(CRE) and several agreement Tcf/Lef binding sites. These CRE and Tcf/Lef locations are not
fully preserved between the human and zebrafish promoters in either their sequences or their
positions from the transcription begin site. To examine whether the purported putative nacre
promoter/enhancer will direct correct abstraction management of organic phenomenon, injected
one -cell zebrafish embryos with the 836-bp deoxyribonucleic acid fragment driving a green
fluorescent macromolecule (GFP) communicator sequence. Mosaic gene expression is typical for
transient transgenics in zebrafish and because the neural crest springs from only a few precursor
cells, reporter potency is minimized. Despite these, it was ready to analyze the fate of the few
reporter-expressing cells in injected animals..
Bacterial gene mapping
plzz leave your comments.... Publisher Aamer al zaman..Contact no:+923438853008
Similar to A microbial geneticist isolates a new mutation in E. coli and wishes.pdf (11)
Both influenza virus and (IFV), and Measles Virus (MV) are enveloped.pdf
Both influenza virus and (IFV), and Measles Virus (MV) are enveloped.pdf
Construction and Characterization of Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA Encapsidation...
Construction and Characterization of Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA Encapsidation...
In order to determine the overall chromosome map for E. coli, four Hf.pdf
In order to determine the overall chromosome map for E. coli, four Hf.pdf
You have constructed a new reporter gene to help you find novel zebr.pdf
You have constructed a new reporter gene to help you find novel zebr.pdf
DPT - Conjugation, transduction and transformation
DPT - Conjugation, transduction and transformation
More from eyebolloptics
How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complemen.pdf
How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complement each other ? What
would happen if one branch of the system were Brocken?
How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complement each other ? What
would happen if one branch of the system were Brocken?
Solution
There are three branches of justice system
Let us talk about these.
Law Enforcement- It includes the first investigation done by police. The police investigate first
and arrest to the suspects. Then after they approach court for further procedures. Here police
force cannot punish the suspect as per their understandings. They have to maintain the peace and
harmony in the country.
Courts- Now when the matter has moved to court now court will ask for clues and proofs and
witness for the matter. After analyzing the witness, proofs and other things the court defines the
guilty and punish as per the crime.
3. Corrections:- Now when the court has given it’s judgment, next step is followed by the
correctness. It means the guilty will be enforced. This may includes jail, probation, fine, etc,
Earlier there was capital punishment for brutal cases but now a days it is closed in some
countries because of human rights organizations.
The benefit of this is this removes the criminal from the society and society is safe from those
criminals. Other people have fear about the punishment so they stop the wrong doings.
So I have described you how the procedures are connected with each other. If one branch is
broken whole the system will be failed. If law enforcement is failed the suspects will not under
arrest and further procedures will not take place. If there is no court then there will be no
punishment. All the punishment will be given by police so there may be injustice in the society.
And if correction is failed then the guilty will remain in society and society will have probability
of occurrence of crime again..
Check all that apply to different sets of genes that are homologous..pdf
Check all that apply to different sets of genes that are homologous.
A.have similar biochemical activities (ex. bind to DNA, synthesize polypeptides)
B.exist in the same species
C. exist in the same individual
D.have different cellular functions (ex. cell division, transport to membranes)
E.have different biochemical activities (ex. bind to DNA, synthesize polypeptides)
F. have similar cellular functions (ex. cell division, transport to membranes)
G. exist in different species
******I have already tried: similar biochemical activities, have similar cell function, and exist in
different species I got half credit for this so i must be missing something.
Solution
Answer
Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs, one from each parent that is similar in length,
gene position and centromere location. The position of genes on each homologous chromosome
is the same, however the genes may contain different alleles.
A. have similar biochemical activities.
B. exist in same species.
F. have similar cellular functions like cell division and transport to membranes.
G. Homologous chromosomes may exist in different species. For example, drosophila genes are
homologous with genes of human beings.
So the answer would be A, B, F, and G..
For the following matrices, determine a cot of basis vectors for the.pdf
For the following matrices, determine a cot of basis vectors for the null spaces the column
spaces. A = [3 2 -1 5] A = [2 1 -3 4 0 2 0 -2 8] Let P_n denote the set of all polynomial
functions of degree at most n Let a_o be a feed constant. Explain why H = [p(t) = a_0 + b_x| b
R} is not necessarily a vector subspace of P_x, Are there any values of a_o for which H will be a
subspace? If instead H = {p(t) = a + bt| a, b R}, (i.e., the constant term is allowed to vary over
all real numbers), show that H is a vector subspace of P_n.
Solution
Ans-
A matrix, in general sense, represents a
collection of information stored or arranged
in an orderly fashion. The mathematical
concept of a matrix refers to a set of numbers,
variables or functions ordered in rows and
columns. Such a set then can be defined as a
distinct entity, the matrix, and it can be
manipulated as a whole according to some
basic mathematical rules.
A matrix with 9 elements is shown below.
[
[[
[ ]
]]
]
=
==
=
aaa
=
==
=
253
A
131211
aaa
aaa
232221
333231
819
647
Matrix [A] has 3 rows and 3 columns. Each
element of matrix [A] can be referred to by its
row and column number. For example,
=
==
=a
23
6
A computer monitor with 800 horizontal
pixels and 600 vertical pixels can be viewed as
a matrix of 600 rows and 800 columns.
In order to create an image, each pixel is
filled with an appropriate colour.
ORDER OF A MATRIX
The order of a matrix is defined in terms of
its number of rows and columns.
Order of a matrix = No. of rows
×
××
×
No. of
columns
Matrix [A], therefore, is a matrix of order 3
×
××
×
3.
COLUMN MATRIX
A matrix with only one column is called a
column matrix or column vector.
ROW MATRIX
3
6
4
A matrix with only one row is called a row
matrix or row vector.
[
[[
[ ]
]]
]
653
SQUARE MATRIX
A matrix having the same number of rows
and columns is called a square matrix.
742
942
435
RECTANGULAR MATRIX
A matrix having unequal number of rows and
columns is called a rectangular matrix.
1735
13145
8292
REAL MATRIX
A matrix with all real elements is called a real
matrix
PRINCIPAL DIAGONAL and TRACE
OF A MATRIX
In a square matrix, the diagonal containing
the elements a
11
, a
22
, a
33
, a
44
, ……, a
is called
the principal or main diagonal.
The sum of all elements in the principal
diagonal is called the trace of the matrix.
The principal diagonal of the matrix
742
942
435
nn
is indicated by the dashed box. The trace of
the matrix is 2 + 3 + 9 = 14.
UNIT MATRIX
A square matrix in which all elements of the
principal diagonal are equal to 1 while all
other elements are zero is called the unit
matrix.
001
100
010
ZERO or NULL MATRIX
A matrix whose elements are all equal to zero
is called the null or zero matrix.
000
000
000
DIAGONAL MATRIX
If all elements except the elements of the
principal diagonal of a square matrix are
zero, the matrix is called a diagonal matrix.
002
900
030
RANK OF A MATRIX
The maximum number of linearly
independent rows of a matrix [A] is called
the rank of [A] and i.
Exploring Organizational Culture Research the ITT Tech Virtual Lib.pdf
Exploring Organizational Culture
Research the ITT Tech Virtual Library to find an article each on the following types of
organizational culture:
Constructive
Passive/Defensive
Aggressive/Defensive
Now, answer the following questions:
What were the norms of each culture, and how were they determined?
What were the behaviors in each culture, and how did those behaviors impact the organization
and why?
Of the three organizational cultures, which one would you prefer to be a part of and why
2 pages
Solution
in constructive approach people are encouraged to interact with others, with the co-employees,
understand each other, make a strong group and work to achieve organizational goals. this
culture are focus in which members are encouraged to interact withpeople and approach tasks in
ways that will help them meet their higher order satisfaction needs. in positions where people do
a complex job, rather than something simple like a mechanic one, this culture is efficient.
here employees are become more friendly in nature and builds strong relationships among them.
aggressive/defensive organizational culture:tThis style is characterized with more emphasis on
task than people. because of the very nature of this style, people tend to focus on their own
individual needs at the expense of the success of the group. the aggressive/defensive style is very
stressful, and people using this style tend to make decisions based on status as opposed to
expertise.
the people who are workholics they will be benefited in this kind of cultures. people will be
selfish and only task oriented here. they wont consider the feelings and emotions of employees.
passive and defensive culture: in organizations with Passive/Defensive cultures, members feel
pressured to think and behave in ways that are inconsistent with the way they believe they should
in order to be effective. People are expected to please others (particularly superiors) and avoid
interpersonal conflict. Rules, procedures, and orders are more important than personal beliefs,
ideas, and judgment. Passive/Defensive cultures experience a lot of unresolved conflict and
turnover, and organizational members report lower levels of motivation and satisfaction.
based on the nature of work and importance, one can choose an organizational culture. for me the
constructive approach is more better and gives positive results..
Can you help me write these functions in C I do not need the main f.pdf
Can you help me write these functions in C? I do not need the main function. Thank you. The
language is C, NOT C++ in vertBits Description: Accepts a pointer of size uint32 tand inverts
eachbit of the input data passed Preconditions: Input argument is passed as a pointer Post-
conditions: The number of 1s returned Calls: N/A Called by: main int countNumberofones
(uint32 t intData) Write a function that counts numberof ls in an integerpassed setBit
Description: The functionsets the bit in the specified bit position in an to the specifid value. ue
can be a or 0. bitPosition will be between U an Postconditions: The bit of inData at position
biPosition will be set to walue Calls: N/A Called by main void setBit(uint32 t inData, uint32
tbitPosition.uint32 t alue hammingDistance Description: Function hammingDistance calculates
total number of bits that need to be inverted in order to change inData1 into inData2 orvice versa.
Preconditions: The function accepts two unsigned integers as input Postconditions: Thefunction
returns the hamming distance Calls N/A Called by: main int hammi tinDatal, unint32 tinData2)
Solution
int countNumberofOnes(uint32_t *intData)
{
*intData = ~(*intData); // inverts each bit in input
uint32_t num = *intData;
int count =0;
while(number)
{
number &= (number-1);
count ++;
}
return count;
// return number of 1s in the number
}
void setBit(uint32_t *intData, uint32_t bitPosition,uint32_t value)
{
(*intData) ^= (-value ^ ((*intData)) & (1 << bitPosition);
return (*intData);
}
int hammingDistance(uint32_t inData1,uint32_t inData2)
{
char * d1 =(char *)intData1;
char * d2 =(char *)intData2;
int count =0;
// considering both of same length
for (int i=0;i.
Drag the term or statement to the correct column SolutionC.pdf
Drag the term or statement to the correct column
Solution
Covalent addition to DNA - Methylation on C - trans
Chromatin remodeling - Nucleosomes moved to new location - cis
Covalent addition to histone - Acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation - trans
Localization of histone variant - Histone variants localized to specific locations - cis
Feedback loop - Transcription factor stimulates own product - cis.
Define the labor relations processSolutionThe labor relations.pdf
Define the labor relations process?
Solution
The labor relations process involves managers (representing the ownership interests) and a labor
organizations (union), selected by employees as their exclusive bargaining agent to represent
their interests and engaging in the joint determination and administration of work rules.
Three basic phases of the labor relations process are as follows:
1) Recognition of the legitimate rights and responsibilities of union and management
representatives.
2) Negotiation of the labor agreement, including appropriate strategies, tactics, and impasse
resolution techniques.
3) Administration of the negotiated labor agreement — the interpretation and application of labor
contract terms on a daily basis..
Accounting 5205Solution Depreciation aims to recognize in the.pdf
Accounting 5205
Solution
? Depreciation aims to recognize in the income statement the wear suffered by an asset on
account of its use for the generation of income.
The objective of depreciation is not to recover the investment that the company has made for its
construction or acquisition. The investment is recovered through the profitability generated by
the use of said asset.
? Long-term assets, also known as non-current assets, although they are durable, are not always
eternal. Therefore, accounting forces depreciate assets as their normal lives pass, with the
accepted general accounting principle of time period, equity, valuation at cost, accrued,
objectivity, because they do so naturally by the passing of time, due to its use, due to the wear
and tear of the time this asset is used, in order to reflect its best possible value, or to amortize
long-term expenses (deferred assets). For this there are tables and methods for accounting
treatment..
Aiom for the ADT List. C++ Explain what this pseudocode is doing.a.pdf
Aiom for the ADT List. C++ Explain what this pseudocode is doing.
aList.getEntry(i) = (aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1)
Solution
You have a list
and we know list has index starting from
0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,.....
So
(aList.insert(i, item)): Inserts item at index i
(aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1) : Inserts item at index i and fetches and returns the element
at index i+1
aList.getEntry(i) = (aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1)
So, it means (aList.insert(i, item)).getEntry(i+1) Inserts item at index i and fetches and returns
the element at index i+1 and assigns it to element at index i..
an encryption scheme distributes randomly over the Ascii characters .pdf
an encryption scheme distributes randomly over the Ascii characters 32-127
What is the 8-bit entropy??
Solution
An encryption scheme we use must convert plain text to human readable cipher.
We here convert 32 ASCI to 127 character.
The transmitter send the message through the channel.The channel modifies the message in some
way.Then the receiver then finds which message is send.The probability expected value of the
information contained in each message is called entropy .The 8 -bit entropy is mostly used for
finding the value..
A class has 40 students aged 17 to 34. What is the probabilty that a.pdf
A class has 40 students aged 17 to 34. What is the probabilty that at least two students are the
same age? Why?
Solution
Here we have that P(atleast two same ages )= 1- P(no same age)
Now total favorable cases for no same age are 34-17= 18 ( as all will be of different ages)
Thus Probability ( different ages ) = Total favorable case/total case =18/40
And accordingly Probability (atleast two same ages ) =1-18/40 = 22/40 = 11/20
So last required answer is 11/20..
30. The vouching of recorded payables to supporting documentation wil.pdf
30. The vouching of recorded payables to supporting documentation will do little or nothing to
verity for accounts payable, the a. existence assertion. b. completeness assertion. c. valuation
assertion. d. rights and obligations assertion.
Solution
Existence Assertion cannot be verified with the supporting documentation for recoreded
payables as existence can be verified by confirmation with the creditor.
Completeness, Valuation and rights & Obligations assertion can be verified with the supporting
documents like agreement, invoice, bank statement etc...
So the answer is Option A..
3. Observe that every cation was initially part of a nitrate compound.pdf
3. Observe that every cation was initially part of a nitrate compound. Most anions were initially
part of a sodium compound. Would you guess nitrate compounds and sodium compounds to be
soluble or insoluble? Why? 4. A precipitation reaction for copper and carbonate ions would look
like this: Cu2+ (aq) + CO 2 (aq) CuC03 (s) A precipitation reaction for copper and hydroxide
ions would look like this: Cu2+ (aq) + 2 OH\' (aq) Cu(OH)2 (s) a. Write the precipitation
reaction for one of the phosphate compounds. 5. If nitrates (NOs) are soluble and most sulfates
(SO4) are soluble (except Pb2, Ca2*, Sr2\" Hg:2, and Ba2), will an ionic compound precipitate
from the following: Co(NO3)2 (aq) + Na:SO4(aq) ?
Solution.
1)Please explain the commands ifconfig, ping, traceroute, netstat, d.pdf
1)Please explain the commands ifconfig, ping, traceroute, netstat, dig, nslookup, route, host,
hostname.
2). Explain briefly about TCP/IP and its Protocol Architecture.
3) Explain the difference between TCP/IP Protocol stack and OSI model.
Solution
Answer:
1) Ipconfig
Ipconfig is an MS-DOS utility that can be used from MS-DOS and an MS-DOS shell to display
the network settings currently assigned and given by a network. This command can be utilized to
verify a network connection as well as to verify your network settings.
Ping
Ping is one of the most commonly used network commands that allows you to ping another
network IP address. Pinging another address helps determine if the network card can
communicate within the local network or outside network.
Netstat
The netstat command is used to display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.
Nslookup
The nslookup MS-DOS utility that enables a user to do a reverse lookup on an IP address of a
domain or host on a network.
Route
The route MS-DOS utility enables computers to view and modify the computer\'s route table.
traceroute
The tracert command in MS-DOS and Windows (known as traceroute in Unix-like operating
systems) is a useful tool for diagnosing network issues. It allows you to view a listing of how a
network packet travels through the network and where it may fail or slow down. Using this
information you can determine the computer, router, switch or other network device possibly
causing your network issues.
host
solves a host name into an Internet Protocol (IP) address or an IP address into a host name.
the hostname command is used to show or set a computer\'s host name and domain name. It is
one of the most basic of the network administrative utilities.
A host name is a name that is assigned to a host (i.e., a computer connected to the network) that
uniquely identifies it on a network and thus allows it to be addressed without using its full IP
address. Domain names are user-friendly substitutes for numeric IP addresses.
The basic syntax for the hostname command is
hostname [options] [new_host_name]
2)TCP/IP protocols map to a four-layer conceptual model known as the DARPA model , named
after the U.S. government agency that initially developed TCP/IP. The four layers of the DARPA
model are: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface. Each layer in the DARPA
model corresponds to one or more layers of the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
model.
Network Interface Layer
The Network Interface layer (also called the Network Access layer) is responsible for placing
TCP/IP packets on the network medium and receiving TCP/IP packets off the network medium.
TCP/IP was designed to be independent of the network access method, frame format, and
medium. In this way, TCP/IP can be used to connect differing network types. These include
LAN technologies such as Ethernet and Token Ring and WAN technologies such as X.25 and
Frame Relay. Independence from any specific ne.
At what point does commercialization start to create inequality Ple.pdf
At what point does commercialization start to create inequality? Please provide examples.
Solution
Markets and commerce change the character of the goods they touch.Such deliberations touch,
unavoidably, on competing conceptions of the good life.For fear of disagreement, we hesitate to
bring our moral and spiritual convictions into the public square.It simply means that markets will
decide them for us.At a time of rising inequality, the commercialization of everything means that
people of affluence and people of modest means lead increasingly separate lives. We live and
work and shop and play in different places. Children go to different schools. It’s not good for
democracy, nor is it a satisfying way to live.Democracy does not require perfect equality, but it
does require that citizens share a common life. What matters is that people of different
backgrounds and social positions encounter one another, and bump up against one another, in the
course of everyday life. For this is how we learn to negotiate and abide by our differences, and
how we come to care for the common good.
The public schools are an integral part of the institutions of democracy. By schools, Human
Capital forms which eventually helps a country to faster its growth and substantially move
forward.If we are to achieve the democratic ideal of equity, there must be a commons, and it
must be accessible for all to participate effectively. Public education is an important part of that
commons. But this common education is not fee, and only those can grab this oppurtunity who
are able to pay for it.Commercialization encloses the commons and puts up fences, with
admission only to those who can pay. It privatizes public space. It makes the dollar, not
citizenship, the entry point to educational experiences and social and political influence in a
democratic society..
A benefit of an activity received by people not participating in the.pdf
A benefit of an activity received by people not participating in the activity is called a(n)
Solution
Assuming the question is in terms of economics, the answer is
Positive Externality
Externality is a phenomena in which a proportion of cost (negative externality) or benefit
(positive externality) an activity is received by someone who did\'t participate in the activity. In
case a cost is incurred it is termed as negative externality, while in case of benefit is received, it
is termed as positive externality.
Consider education - a learning activity, in an underdeveloped country. In poor area, if there is
an initiative of education, and children are educated by any welfare institution or government,
that education would not only affect the child individually, but also would affect his family in a
positive manner. The household people might learn somethings which they didn\'t knew before,
that can save them in many ways, such as importance of hygene like washing hands before
having food, or caring for mortals, etc. This is the case of positive externality, as even though the
adult didn\'t attend the education, they did received the benefit. Education also reduces crime,
and hence society as a whole benefits. Another examples of positive externality are low income
people who do not pay taxes does recieve state welfare, military-defence protention, and enjoy
many other public goods, like street light, roads, etc.
The opposite of positive externality is negative externality. Suppose a polluting industry is
placed in a poor agricultural area, and it will pollute the land and or water and or by dumping
wastes and smokes of byproducts. People who don\'t work and have no relation to the industry
would also be affected in an adverse manner. Yet some proportion of the population now have
more stable income, but many others who didn\'t participate in the activity are affected. Farmers
doing pisciculture and agriculture would be affected by dead fishes or bad crop, or general public
breathing polluted air would incur several health cost. All kinds of pollution which are not
natural (like pollution by volcanic eruption), are examples of negative externality..
You are given a specification for some Java classes as follows. A.pdf
You are given a specification for some Java classes as follows.
A building has a number of floors, and a number of windows.
A house is a building.
A garage is a building.
A room has a length, width, a floor covering, and a number of closets.
You can never create an instance of a building, but every object that is a building must have a
method that calculates the floor space, i.e., the Building class is abstract, and has an abstract
method.
A house has a number of bathrooms, and an array of Rooms.
A house has a method that returns the average size of the Rooms.
A Garage can hold some number of cars, and it may have a cement floor or a gravel floor. A
garage has a length and a width. (Don’t use the Room class as a member of the Garage class.)
Object
/ \\
Building Room
/ \\
House Garage
2. Implement the specification.
You must use the following mechanisms correctly:
· Inheritance – is a
· Composition – has a
· Constructor methods
· Accessor / mutator methods = getters, setters
· Arrays of objects
· Passing arrays of objects to methods
· Abstract classes and methods
· Access modifiers – public private
o might not need protected, a you should never use
· toString() methods
· the super keyword
· method overriding
· interfaces
· generics are introduced
· polymorphism using inheritance, and interfaces
Include a test class that has a main method. This test program will make instances of your classes
and output the text representation of the objects using the toString() methods. There should be
enough comments in the output so that it is easy to see which classes are being tested.
In your test class, create an ArrayList. Add a couple of houses and garages to your list. Loop
through the list, using the enhanced for loop. Print out the objects using the toString methods.
(The toString methods should return a String object containing all of the instance variables’
values.)
Additional Requirements:
Only methods used for testing will call the System.out.println() method. The purpose of the
classes is to store and manipulate data. Input and output is not included in the data storage and
manipulation classes.
A house will calculate its floor space by looping through the array of rooms, and accumulating
the floor space. Don\'t worry about the space used by a closet, you can assume that it is included
in the size of the room.
Work incrementally. Start by making a Room class, and testing it. Then make the Building and
Garage classes, test them. The make the house class, and test it.
The constructor for the house class has an array of rooms as a parameter.
The building class is the only class that stores and manipulates the number of windows, and
number of floors.
All garage objects have exactly one floor. Perhaps the Building class should have an overloaded
constructor to accommodate this.
Interface
Add an interface to your package. Call the interface MLSListable. That means that a class that
implements this interface is a property that can be listed for sale. T.
8. Would the following cell have a spontaneous reaction Explain. .pdf
8. Would the following cell have a spontaneous reaction? Explain.
Solution
A redox reaction is spontaneous if the standard electrode potential for the redox reaction,
Eo(redox reaction), is positive.
Eo(redox reaction) = Eo(reduction reaction) + Eo(oxidation reaction)
and Eo(redox reaction) > 0
that is, Eo(redox reaction) is positive
If Eo(redox reaction) is positive, the reaction will proceed in the forward direction
(spontaneous).
Spontaneous redox reactions can be used to produce electricity
(see galvanic cells (voltaic cells)).If Eo(redox reaction) is negative (Eo(redox reaction) < 0), the
reaction will not proceed in the forward direction (non-spontaneous).This reaction will be non
spontaneous redox reactions cannot be used to produce electricity.
E standard potential value is positive so reaction is non spontaneously.
Write a command to find out how many users in etcpasswd have the l.pdf
Write a command to find out how many users in /etc/passwd have the last name “Harris” but not
“Harrison” or anything added to the end of “Harris”. (unix/linux)
Solution
By using erep command we can find out how many users in /etc/passwd. Here we are going to
check whether there exists any user having the last name “Harris” but not \"Harrison\"
egrep -i \"^Harris\" && ~\"^Harrison\" /etc/passwd.
Write a program that mimics the operations of several vending machin.pdf
Write a program that mimics the operations of several vending machines. More specifically, the
program simulates what happens when the user chooses one of the vending machines, inputs
money and picks an item from the vending machine. Assume there are two vending machines:
one for drinks and one for snacks. Each vending machine contains several items. The name,
price, and quantity of each item is given in two text files; one named “drinks.txt” for the drinks
vending machine and the other named “snacks.txt” for the snacks vending machine.
The format of the input values is comma-separated. The items listed should be organized in the
file with the following order: name, price, quantity. Here are some example items:
The actual reading and parsing of the input file is already handled in the class supplied to you
(see code on BlackBoard). You are given the variables as individual values. You will need to
create the .txt files for creating and testing your vending machines.
You will need to create/complete three classes for this homework assignment: Item,
VendingMachine, and VendingMachineDriver.
Problem Description
Milk,2.00,1
Within your VendingMachine class, include these methods:
VendingMachineThisconstructormethodwilltakeinthenameoftheinputfileand create a vending
machine object. A vending machine object will contain an array of Item objects called stock and
an amount of revenue earned. This constructor method has been completed for you and should
work appropriately once you have completed the rest of this class and the other class definitions.
vendThismethodwillsimulatethevendingtransactionafteravalidamountofmoney and an item
selection are entered. This method will decide if the transaction is successful (enough money or
item) and update the vending machine appropriately.
outputMessage This method will print an appropriate message depending on the success of the
transaction. If the user does not have enough money to buy the chosen item, the vending machine
should prompt the user to enter more money or exit the machine. If the vending machine is out of
the chosen item, the program will print an apology message and prompt the user to choose
another item or exit the machine. If there is enough money for the item selected, then the
vending machine will give the user the item and return the change.
printMenuThismethodprintsthemenuofitemsforthechosenvendingmachine. The Item class needs
to include the following data variables:
• description as a String
• price as a double
• quantity as an int
Within your VendingMachineDriver class, include a main method as the starting point for your
solution that creates the vending machine objects appropriately and then use a loop that
continues interacting with the vending machines until the user enters “X” to exit. See the sample
session for details.
As you implement your solution, you might find that some methods contain some repeated
coding logic. To avoid unnecessary redundancies in your code, have these method.
More from eyebolloptics (20)
How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complemen.pdf
How does law enforcement, courts and corrections work to complemen.pdf
Check all that apply to different sets of genes that are homologous..pdf
Check all that apply to different sets of genes that are homologous..pdf
For the following matrices, determine a cot of basis vectors for the.pdf
For the following matrices, determine a cot of basis vectors for the.pdf
Exploring Organizational Culture Research the ITT Tech Virtual Lib.pdf
Exploring Organizational Culture Research the ITT Tech Virtual Lib.pdf
Can you help me write these functions in C I do not need the main f.pdf
Can you help me write these functions in C I do not need the main f.pdf
Drag the term or statement to the correct column SolutionC.pdf
Drag the term or statement to the correct column SolutionC.pdf
Define the labor relations processSolutionThe labor relations.pdf
Define the labor relations processSolutionThe labor relations.pdf
Accounting 5205Solution Depreciation aims to recognize in the.pdf
Accounting 5205Solution Depreciation aims to recognize in the.pdf
Aiom for the ADT List. C++ Explain what this pseudocode is doing.a.pdf
Aiom for the ADT List. C++ Explain what this pseudocode is doing.a.pdf
an encryption scheme distributes randomly over the Ascii characters .pdf
an encryption scheme distributes randomly over the Ascii characters .pdf
A class has 40 students aged 17 to 34. What is the probabilty that a.pdf
A class has 40 students aged 17 to 34. What is the probabilty that a.pdf
30. The vouching of recorded payables to supporting documentation wil.pdf
30. The vouching of recorded payables to supporting documentation wil.pdf
3. Observe that every cation was initially part of a nitrate compound.pdf
3. Observe that every cation was initially part of a nitrate compound.pdf
1)Please explain the commands ifconfig, ping, traceroute, netstat, d.pdf
1)Please explain the commands ifconfig, ping, traceroute, netstat, d.pdf
At what point does commercialization start to create inequality Ple.pdf
At what point does commercialization start to create inequality Ple.pdf
A benefit of an activity received by people not participating in the.pdf
A benefit of an activity received by people not participating in the.pdf
You are given a specification for some Java classes as follows. A.pdf
You are given a specification for some Java classes as follows. A.pdf
8. Would the following cell have a spontaneous reaction Explain. .pdf
8. Would the following cell have a spontaneous reaction Explain. .pdf
Write a command to find out how many users in etcpasswd have the l.pdf
Write a command to find out how many users in etcpasswd have the l.pdf
Write a program that mimics the operations of several vending machin.pdf
Write a program that mimics the operations of several vending machin.pdf
Recently uploaded
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Presentation required for the master in Education.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Introduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Answers to Home assignment on UV-Visible spectroscopy: Calculation of wavelength of UV-Visible absorption
Template Jadual Bertugas Kelas (Boleh Edit)
Jadual Bertugas kelas dalam bentuk softcopy PowerPoint. Cikgu boleh download >> edit >> print >> laminate. Semoga bermanfaat.
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
Instagram:-
https://instagram.com/special_education_needs_01?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
WhatsApp:-
https://chat.whatsapp.com/JVakNIYlSV94x7bwunO3Dc
YouTube:-
https://youtube.com/@special_education_needs
Teligram :- https://t.me/special_education_needs
Slide Shere :-
https://www.slideshare.net/shabnambano20?utm_campaign=profiletracking&utm_medium=sssite&utm_source=ssslideview
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
Let us know about Maruti Suzuki, a successful Joint venture in India.
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is prepared for master's students (MIFB & MIBS) UUM. May it be useful to all.Recently uploaded (20)
Basic phrases for greeting and assisting costumers
Basic phrases for greeting and assisting costumers
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
A microbial geneticist isolates a new mutation in E. coli and wishes.pdf
- 1. A microbial geneticist isolates a new mutation in E. coli and wishes to map its chromosomal location. She uses interrupted-mating experiments with Hfr strains and generalized-transduction experiments with phage P1. Explain why each technique, by itself, is insufficient for accurate mapping. Solution Hfr cells undergoing conjugation transfer host genes in a linear fashion. The genes transferred depend on both the Hfr strain and the length of time during which the transfer occurred. F factors arise from improper excision of an Hfr from bacterial chromosome. They can have only specific bacterial genes on them because the integration site is fixed for each strain. P1 does not recognize pseudo-pac sites on the chromosome. P1 seems to begin packaging from random double-stranded breaks on the chromosome that are generated during phage infection. Generalized transduction is the process by which any bacterial gene may be transferred to another bacterium via a bacteriophage, and very rarely a small number of phages carry the donor. A restricted set of genes will not be able to transfer by this method. She wanted to transfer a specific gene to a specific located which is not doen by generalized transduction, so accurate gene mapping will be difficult by these methods.