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Beaux arts architecture developed between 1885-1920 based on ideas taught at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. It emphasized symmetrical, formal designs with elaborate ornamentation including sculptures, mosaics, and other artworks. Beaux arts lent itself to monumental public buildings like train stations, banks, and state capitals, featuring symmetrical designs, columns, and decorative elements that conveyed a sense of venerability. The style was popularized in the US by architects who studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris.
Le Corbusier designed the Villa Shodhan in Ahmedabad, India in the 1950s. The design featured his 5 points of architecture including pilotis, a roof garden, free plan, ribbon windows, and an open facade. It was built on an irregular site and used ramps and layered floors connected by voids to create interesting interior spaces while maintaining privacy for the owner. The design responded to the local climate and allowed for cross ventilation with its open plan and use of terraces.
Modern architecture emerged in the early 20th century as architects experimented with new materials and techniques. Key figures included Le Corbusier who developed principles like pilotis and long ribbons of windows. Frank Lloyd Wright developed the Prairie Style seen in buildings like Fallingwater. Louis Sullivan pioneered skyscrapers like the Wainwright Building, expressing the steel structure on the exterior. The Bauhaus school and figures like Mies van der Rohe promoted functionalism using steel and glass. By mid-century, Modernism was criticized for sterility and new movements like Brutalism emerged.
The document discusses the Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) or International Congress of Modern Architecture, an organization of modern architects founded in 1928 that held international conferences until 1959. It highlights two important conferences - "The Functional City" in 1933 that broadened CIAM's scope from architecture to urban planning, and proposed resolving social problems through strict functional zoning and tall apartment blocks spaced far apart. Another was the controversial "Athens Charter" from 1942 that committed CIAM to rigid functional cities with citizens housed in high, spaced apartment blocks separated by green belts.
Complexity and contradiction in architecture by Robert venturi Siva Raman
This presentation is about the critical review of the book Complexity and contradiction in architecture by Robert venturi focusing on the issues related to critical regionalism
Falling Water was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1934. It is located near a waterfall in rural Pennsylvania. The house is built directly over the waterfall, with cantilevered terraces extending over the river. It seamlessly integrates the natural setting by anchoring to the bedrock and using local stone, with modern concrete terraces hovering above. The house avoids an enclosed feeling by providing open plans and visual connections to the surrounding environment.
Louis Isadore Kahn was a 20th century American architect, educator, and philosopher. Some key aspects of his work include redefining architecture through structure, form, space and light. He is known for his use of geometric shapes, solid materials like brick and concrete, and intentional use of natural light. Two important projects he designed were the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad, characterized by its diagonal layout and use of local brick, and the Salk Institute characterized by its two symmetrical buildings separated by a courtyard and stream.
Beaux arts architecture developed between 1885-1920 based on ideas taught at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. It emphasized symmetrical, formal designs with elaborate ornamentation including sculptures, mosaics, and other artworks. Beaux arts lent itself to monumental public buildings like train stations, banks, and state capitals, featuring symmetrical designs, columns, and decorative elements that conveyed a sense of venerability. The style was popularized in the US by architects who studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris.
Le Corbusier designed the Villa Shodhan in Ahmedabad, India in the 1950s. The design featured his 5 points of architecture including pilotis, a roof garden, free plan, ribbon windows, and an open facade. It was built on an irregular site and used ramps and layered floors connected by voids to create interesting interior spaces while maintaining privacy for the owner. The design responded to the local climate and allowed for cross ventilation with its open plan and use of terraces.
Modern architecture emerged in the early 20th century as architects experimented with new materials and techniques. Key figures included Le Corbusier who developed principles like pilotis and long ribbons of windows. Frank Lloyd Wright developed the Prairie Style seen in buildings like Fallingwater. Louis Sullivan pioneered skyscrapers like the Wainwright Building, expressing the steel structure on the exterior. The Bauhaus school and figures like Mies van der Rohe promoted functionalism using steel and glass. By mid-century, Modernism was criticized for sterility and new movements like Brutalism emerged.
The document discusses the Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) or International Congress of Modern Architecture, an organization of modern architects founded in 1928 that held international conferences until 1959. It highlights two important conferences - "The Functional City" in 1933 that broadened CIAM's scope from architecture to urban planning, and proposed resolving social problems through strict functional zoning and tall apartment blocks spaced far apart. Another was the controversial "Athens Charter" from 1942 that committed CIAM to rigid functional cities with citizens housed in high, spaced apartment blocks separated by green belts.
Complexity and contradiction in architecture by Robert venturi Siva Raman
This presentation is about the critical review of the book Complexity and contradiction in architecture by Robert venturi focusing on the issues related to critical regionalism
Falling Water was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1934. It is located near a waterfall in rural Pennsylvania. The house is built directly over the waterfall, with cantilevered terraces extending over the river. It seamlessly integrates the natural setting by anchoring to the bedrock and using local stone, with modern concrete terraces hovering above. The house avoids an enclosed feeling by providing open plans and visual connections to the surrounding environment.
Louis Isadore Kahn was a 20th century American architect, educator, and philosopher. Some key aspects of his work include redefining architecture through structure, form, space and light. He is known for his use of geometric shapes, solid materials like brick and concrete, and intentional use of natural light. Two important projects he designed were the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad, characterized by its diagonal layout and use of local brick, and the Salk Institute characterized by its two symmetrical buildings separated by a courtyard and stream.
Frank Lloyd Wright was a modern American architect who developed an organic style. He designed over 1,000 structures in his 70-year career, including Fallingwater, the Guggenheim Museum, Robie House, and Unity Temple. These iconic buildings incorporated principles like simple geometric shapes, integration with nature, and horizontal lines. Wright had a global influence and is considered one of the greatest architects of all time.
The document discusses urban design and its key principles and elements. It defines urban design as the process of designing and shaping cities, towns and villages, dealing with groups of buildings, streets, and public spaces at a larger scale than architecture. It outlines the differences between architecture, urban design, and urban planning in terms of scale, orientation, and time frames. The core elements of urban design discussed include buildings, public spaces, streets, transport, and landscape. Principles like character, continuity and enclosure, public realm, ease of movement, and diversity are also summarized.
This document provides a summary of the life, works, and philosophies of Swiss architect Le Corbusier. It outlines his key buildings such as the Villa Savoye and Unite d'Habitation which demonstrated his "Five Points of Architecture". It also discusses his works in India including the Capitol complex in Chandigarh, particularly the Legislative Assembly building. The document was compiled by FD Architects Forum in Jaipur, India and contains images and descriptions of Le Corbusier's major works to illustrate his contributions to modern architecture through his innovative designs and principles.
The document provides biographical information about American architect Louis Henry Sullivan. It discusses that he is considered the "father of skyscrapers" and the "father of modernism". Sullivan helped pioneer steel-frame construction and designed notable buildings like the Wainwright Building in St. Louis, considered one of the first skyscrapers. The document also summarizes Sullivan's career and influence on architecture, as well as providing details about some of his landmark designs.
This document provides information on architectural design for housing, including housing types in India, basic building forms, housing based on income, factors to consider for low-income housing, building materials, construction suggestions, National Building Code guidelines, and financing for housing projects. It discusses detached houses, semi-detached houses, group housing, apartments, and pre-fabricated houses as common housing types. Basic building forms are described as blocks, towers, and courtyard designs. Design and construction principles are outlined to reduce costs for low-income and affordable housing.
Walter Gropius was a pioneering German architect and founder of the Bauhaus school. He helped develop modern architectural styles and principles such as simplified geometric forms, use of modern materials like steel and glass, and an emphasis on functionality. Some of his most notable designs included the Fagus Factory, the Bauhaus school complex, and the Gropius House. Gropius' designs featured open floor plans, flat or shed roofs, large windows, and an emphasis on form following function.
The document summarizes the Gherkin building in London, designed by Norman Foster. It is a 180m tall skyscraper constructed from 2001-2004 that uses a distinctive twisting shape and high-tech architecture design. Key features include a diagrid structural system, double-skinned facade for natural ventilation, and sustainability measures like computer-controlled windows and daylight wells. The building won awards for its innovative design and engineering.
Louis Henry Sullivan was an influential American architect born in 1856. He is considered the "Father of Skyscrapers" and helped pioneer steel-frame construction, allowing for taller buildings. Some of Sullivan's most notable designs include the Auditorium Building in Chicago, the Wainwright Building in St. Louis, and the Guaranty Building in Buffalo. Sullivan coined the phrase "form follows function" and emphasized simple, clean designs that highlighted the steel frame. His buildings often featured ornate terra cotta details and nature-inspired ornamentation. Sullivan had a significant influence on the Chicago School of Architecture and mentored Frank Lloyd Wright.
The document discusses water as an important design element in landscape architecture. It describes how water has been used historically by landscape architects to add visual interest and break up monotonous solid materials. Water can be perceived and have different meanings depending on the observer. The document then discusses water's multidimensional nature and how it relates to the environment, society, culture, finances, and aesthetics. Specific landscape values of water like sound, movement, and reflection are also mentioned. Different techniques for incorporating water features like fountains, ponds, and streams are outlined.
- Vitruvius was the earliest known author on architectural theory whose work survived from antiquity. His writings have been influential for over 1800 years and established the classical orders of architecture.
- Leon Battista Alberti was an important Renaissance theorist who sought to provide a more coherent basis for theory and emphasized beauty, proportions, and the imitation of nature.
- Andrea Palladio established a successful way of recreating ancient classicism through his architectural works and theoretical book. He was influenced by Alberti, Bramante, and classical antiquity and focused on relating architecture to art, nature, and principles of symmetry.
Walter Gropius was a pioneering German architect and founder of the Bauhaus school. He is known for developing the International Style of architecture. Some of his most notable works include the Fagus Factory (1911), considered an early example of modern architecture due to its simplicity and use of glass, steel, and concrete. He also designed the Bauhaus Archive in Berlin (1964) to house artifacts from the Bauhaus school. In the US, he designed his family home in Lincoln, MA called the Gropius House (1938), which showcased Bauhaus design philosophies through its efficient use of materials and integration with the landscape. Gropius advocated for standardized, prefabricated, and industrialized construction methods
The document discusses zoning and subdivision regulations, explaining that zoning is used by local governments to regulate land use through separating incompatible uses and preserving community character, while subdivision regulations aim to ensure the efficient and orderly development of land in accordance with the overall city plan. It covers different types of zoning approaches and outlines the subdivision process involving surveying land, consulting officials, preparing preliminary plans, and obtaining necessary approvals.
CONTEMPORARY PROCESS ON ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Kethees Waran
This document discusses various types of digital architectures, including topological architectures, isomorphic architectures, animate architectures, metamorphic architectures, parametric architectures, and evolutionary architectures. Topological architectures use non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) to describe continuous curved surfaces. Isomorphic architectures are constructed from interacting "blobs" or fields of influence. Animate architectures use animation software and techniques like kinematics and dynamics to generate architectural forms defined by motion and force. Metamorphic architectures employ techniques like key shape animation and deformations to transform architectural geometries. Parametric architectures define relationships between objects using parameters and equations. Evolutionary architectures use genetic algorithms and computer models to simulate the evolution of architectural forms.
Sir Patrick Geddes was a pioneering Scottish town planner in the late 19th/early 20th century. Some of his key contributions included:
- Introducing the concepts of "region" and "conurbation" to urban planning.
- Arguing that rural development, urban planning, and city design require different approaches and shouldn't follow a single process.
- Developing the concept of the "valley section" to illustrate how a region influences and is influenced by its cities.
- Coining the term "conurbation" to describe the merging of cities, towns, and urban areas through population growth and expansion.
- Advocating a sequential approach to planning of regional survey, rural development
The Farnsworth House, designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe between 1945-1950, is an iconic single-story glass pavilion supported by 8 steel columns situated on a flood plain along the Fox River in Illinois. The minimalist structure consists of a floor and ceiling slab sandwiching an open living space with few interior walls, using glass, steel, and stone to maximize views of the natural surroundings. Though pioneering in its open plan and use of modern materials, the house's lack of insulation and amenities made it difficult to live in comfortably.
Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect known for designing over 1,000 structures in a unique organic style. Some of his most famous works include the Prairie style homes he designed in the early 1900s like the Robie House, which featured horizontal lines, bands of windows, and integration with the landscape. In the 1930s he designed Fallingwater, partially built over a waterfall, and in the late career he pioneered the Usonian home design for affordable houses using new materials like concrete. Wright had a philosophy of organic architecture that embraced nature and simplicity.
Peter Eisenman is an American architect known for his theoretical works and deconstructivist buildings. Some key works include House VI (1972-1975), a private residence built in Cornwall, New York that experimented with manipulating a structural grid to create unconventional and conceptual interior spaces. Eisenman also designed the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin (1998-2005), consisting of 2711 concrete stelae in varying heights with narrow paths between to disorient visitors and represent the absence of meaning in the Holocaust. Another notable building is the Wexner Center for the Arts at Ohio State University (1982-1989), where Eisenman used rotated grids and figures to link the past and present through fragmented representations of the site
The document provides information on three influential art and architectural movements: the Werkbund, De Stijl, and the Bauhaus. It describes the origins and goals of each movement. The Werkbund sought to modernize German industry and design. De Stijl was a Dutch movement that embraced simplicity and used only basic geometric shapes and primary colors. The Bauhaus art school aimed to unify art, craft, and technology through functional yet artistic design. Examples of key buildings from each movement are also summarized.
The document provides information about Cubism in art and architecture. It describes how Cubism was developed by Picasso and Braque in the early 1900s as a revolutionary painting style that depicted objects from multiple viewpoints simultaneously on a two-dimensional surface. This influenced the development of Cubist architecture, which is characterized by geometric shapes, flat surfaces, and a rejection of traditional perspective. Examples of Cubist buildings discussed include the Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut designed by Le Corbusier, Czech Cubist buildings in Prague, and the Centre Le Corbusier art museum in Zurich.
Organic architecture aims to create harmony between buildings and their natural surroundings. It incorporates principles seen in nature, like form following function. Frank Lloyd Wright was influential in developing organic architecture in the early 20th century. He emphasized integrating buildings with their sites through geometric shapes, horizontal lines, and other signature design elements. Wright lived and worked at Taliesin, his home and school in Wisconsin, where he taught apprentices and oversaw construction of projects, before wintering with his apprentices at Taliesin West in Arizona.
Importance of Technology in Schools Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Scholarship essay: Essay on technology. Excellent Technology In Education Essay ~ Thatsnotus. 001 P1 Essay On Technology ~ Thatsnotus. Science And Technology In Education Essay. Technology in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... Persuasive Essay About Technology In Schools – Why Students Should Be .... Technology in Education Argumentative Essay (400 Words) - PHDessay.com. Essay on Technological effects on education | Internet | Lecture. Modern Education Essay Writinghtml – Technology in Education. Technology Essay Writing This Is An Ielts Writing Task 2 Sample Answer .... 012 Essay Example Modern Technology And Education Academic Writing .... ≫ Contribution of Technology in Education Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. Essay On Contribution Of Technology In Education In 250 Words. Technology In Education An Essay About Pros Cons And Challenges Free .... Sample essay on role of ng os in promoting education. Classroom essay in technology. Essay on Contribution of Technology in Education for all Class in 100 .... essay on modern technology imprisons the human spirit. Essay on Technology & Society | Society | Technology | Free 30-day ....
Civil Handbook during internship at "Vizag Profiles Pvt. Ltd." (May,2015-July...Mukul Yambal
Identified practical problems in different construction sites like residential buildings (The Green City, VPL residential buildings), tall buildings (Vijaynirman, Vizag -tallest building in Vizag), TMT bar factory (Steel Exchange India Limited - SEIL),sea-port (Visakha Container Terminal Pvt. Ltd. - VCTPL), pharmaceutical company (EASAI), Tyre company and summarized them with general guidelines for constructions in form of Civil Handbook with the team of 11 BITS interns.
Frank Lloyd Wright was a modern American architect who developed an organic style. He designed over 1,000 structures in his 70-year career, including Fallingwater, the Guggenheim Museum, Robie House, and Unity Temple. These iconic buildings incorporated principles like simple geometric shapes, integration with nature, and horizontal lines. Wright had a global influence and is considered one of the greatest architects of all time.
The document discusses urban design and its key principles and elements. It defines urban design as the process of designing and shaping cities, towns and villages, dealing with groups of buildings, streets, and public spaces at a larger scale than architecture. It outlines the differences between architecture, urban design, and urban planning in terms of scale, orientation, and time frames. The core elements of urban design discussed include buildings, public spaces, streets, transport, and landscape. Principles like character, continuity and enclosure, public realm, ease of movement, and diversity are also summarized.
This document provides a summary of the life, works, and philosophies of Swiss architect Le Corbusier. It outlines his key buildings such as the Villa Savoye and Unite d'Habitation which demonstrated his "Five Points of Architecture". It also discusses his works in India including the Capitol complex in Chandigarh, particularly the Legislative Assembly building. The document was compiled by FD Architects Forum in Jaipur, India and contains images and descriptions of Le Corbusier's major works to illustrate his contributions to modern architecture through his innovative designs and principles.
The document provides biographical information about American architect Louis Henry Sullivan. It discusses that he is considered the "father of skyscrapers" and the "father of modernism". Sullivan helped pioneer steel-frame construction and designed notable buildings like the Wainwright Building in St. Louis, considered one of the first skyscrapers. The document also summarizes Sullivan's career and influence on architecture, as well as providing details about some of his landmark designs.
This document provides information on architectural design for housing, including housing types in India, basic building forms, housing based on income, factors to consider for low-income housing, building materials, construction suggestions, National Building Code guidelines, and financing for housing projects. It discusses detached houses, semi-detached houses, group housing, apartments, and pre-fabricated houses as common housing types. Basic building forms are described as blocks, towers, and courtyard designs. Design and construction principles are outlined to reduce costs for low-income and affordable housing.
Walter Gropius was a pioneering German architect and founder of the Bauhaus school. He helped develop modern architectural styles and principles such as simplified geometric forms, use of modern materials like steel and glass, and an emphasis on functionality. Some of his most notable designs included the Fagus Factory, the Bauhaus school complex, and the Gropius House. Gropius' designs featured open floor plans, flat or shed roofs, large windows, and an emphasis on form following function.
The document summarizes the Gherkin building in London, designed by Norman Foster. It is a 180m tall skyscraper constructed from 2001-2004 that uses a distinctive twisting shape and high-tech architecture design. Key features include a diagrid structural system, double-skinned facade for natural ventilation, and sustainability measures like computer-controlled windows and daylight wells. The building won awards for its innovative design and engineering.
Louis Henry Sullivan was an influential American architect born in 1856. He is considered the "Father of Skyscrapers" and helped pioneer steel-frame construction, allowing for taller buildings. Some of Sullivan's most notable designs include the Auditorium Building in Chicago, the Wainwright Building in St. Louis, and the Guaranty Building in Buffalo. Sullivan coined the phrase "form follows function" and emphasized simple, clean designs that highlighted the steel frame. His buildings often featured ornate terra cotta details and nature-inspired ornamentation. Sullivan had a significant influence on the Chicago School of Architecture and mentored Frank Lloyd Wright.
The document discusses water as an important design element in landscape architecture. It describes how water has been used historically by landscape architects to add visual interest and break up monotonous solid materials. Water can be perceived and have different meanings depending on the observer. The document then discusses water's multidimensional nature and how it relates to the environment, society, culture, finances, and aesthetics. Specific landscape values of water like sound, movement, and reflection are also mentioned. Different techniques for incorporating water features like fountains, ponds, and streams are outlined.
- Vitruvius was the earliest known author on architectural theory whose work survived from antiquity. His writings have been influential for over 1800 years and established the classical orders of architecture.
- Leon Battista Alberti was an important Renaissance theorist who sought to provide a more coherent basis for theory and emphasized beauty, proportions, and the imitation of nature.
- Andrea Palladio established a successful way of recreating ancient classicism through his architectural works and theoretical book. He was influenced by Alberti, Bramante, and classical antiquity and focused on relating architecture to art, nature, and principles of symmetry.
Walter Gropius was a pioneering German architect and founder of the Bauhaus school. He is known for developing the International Style of architecture. Some of his most notable works include the Fagus Factory (1911), considered an early example of modern architecture due to its simplicity and use of glass, steel, and concrete. He also designed the Bauhaus Archive in Berlin (1964) to house artifacts from the Bauhaus school. In the US, he designed his family home in Lincoln, MA called the Gropius House (1938), which showcased Bauhaus design philosophies through its efficient use of materials and integration with the landscape. Gropius advocated for standardized, prefabricated, and industrialized construction methods
The document discusses zoning and subdivision regulations, explaining that zoning is used by local governments to regulate land use through separating incompatible uses and preserving community character, while subdivision regulations aim to ensure the efficient and orderly development of land in accordance with the overall city plan. It covers different types of zoning approaches and outlines the subdivision process involving surveying land, consulting officials, preparing preliminary plans, and obtaining necessary approvals.
CONTEMPORARY PROCESS ON ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Kethees Waran
This document discusses various types of digital architectures, including topological architectures, isomorphic architectures, animate architectures, metamorphic architectures, parametric architectures, and evolutionary architectures. Topological architectures use non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) to describe continuous curved surfaces. Isomorphic architectures are constructed from interacting "blobs" or fields of influence. Animate architectures use animation software and techniques like kinematics and dynamics to generate architectural forms defined by motion and force. Metamorphic architectures employ techniques like key shape animation and deformations to transform architectural geometries. Parametric architectures define relationships between objects using parameters and equations. Evolutionary architectures use genetic algorithms and computer models to simulate the evolution of architectural forms.
Sir Patrick Geddes was a pioneering Scottish town planner in the late 19th/early 20th century. Some of his key contributions included:
- Introducing the concepts of "region" and "conurbation" to urban planning.
- Arguing that rural development, urban planning, and city design require different approaches and shouldn't follow a single process.
- Developing the concept of the "valley section" to illustrate how a region influences and is influenced by its cities.
- Coining the term "conurbation" to describe the merging of cities, towns, and urban areas through population growth and expansion.
- Advocating a sequential approach to planning of regional survey, rural development
The Farnsworth House, designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe between 1945-1950, is an iconic single-story glass pavilion supported by 8 steel columns situated on a flood plain along the Fox River in Illinois. The minimalist structure consists of a floor and ceiling slab sandwiching an open living space with few interior walls, using glass, steel, and stone to maximize views of the natural surroundings. Though pioneering in its open plan and use of modern materials, the house's lack of insulation and amenities made it difficult to live in comfortably.
Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect known for designing over 1,000 structures in a unique organic style. Some of his most famous works include the Prairie style homes he designed in the early 1900s like the Robie House, which featured horizontal lines, bands of windows, and integration with the landscape. In the 1930s he designed Fallingwater, partially built over a waterfall, and in the late career he pioneered the Usonian home design for affordable houses using new materials like concrete. Wright had a philosophy of organic architecture that embraced nature and simplicity.
Peter Eisenman is an American architect known for his theoretical works and deconstructivist buildings. Some key works include House VI (1972-1975), a private residence built in Cornwall, New York that experimented with manipulating a structural grid to create unconventional and conceptual interior spaces. Eisenman also designed the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin (1998-2005), consisting of 2711 concrete stelae in varying heights with narrow paths between to disorient visitors and represent the absence of meaning in the Holocaust. Another notable building is the Wexner Center for the Arts at Ohio State University (1982-1989), where Eisenman used rotated grids and figures to link the past and present through fragmented representations of the site
The document provides information on three influential art and architectural movements: the Werkbund, De Stijl, and the Bauhaus. It describes the origins and goals of each movement. The Werkbund sought to modernize German industry and design. De Stijl was a Dutch movement that embraced simplicity and used only basic geometric shapes and primary colors. The Bauhaus art school aimed to unify art, craft, and technology through functional yet artistic design. Examples of key buildings from each movement are also summarized.
The document provides information about Cubism in art and architecture. It describes how Cubism was developed by Picasso and Braque in the early 1900s as a revolutionary painting style that depicted objects from multiple viewpoints simultaneously on a two-dimensional surface. This influenced the development of Cubist architecture, which is characterized by geometric shapes, flat surfaces, and a rejection of traditional perspective. Examples of Cubist buildings discussed include the Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut designed by Le Corbusier, Czech Cubist buildings in Prague, and the Centre Le Corbusier art museum in Zurich.
Organic architecture aims to create harmony between buildings and their natural surroundings. It incorporates principles seen in nature, like form following function. Frank Lloyd Wright was influential in developing organic architecture in the early 20th century. He emphasized integrating buildings with their sites through geometric shapes, horizontal lines, and other signature design elements. Wright lived and worked at Taliesin, his home and school in Wisconsin, where he taught apprentices and oversaw construction of projects, before wintering with his apprentices at Taliesin West in Arizona.
Importance of Technology in Schools Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Scholarship essay: Essay on technology. Excellent Technology In Education Essay ~ Thatsnotus. 001 P1 Essay On Technology ~ Thatsnotus. Science And Technology In Education Essay. Technology in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... Persuasive Essay About Technology In Schools – Why Students Should Be .... Technology in Education Argumentative Essay (400 Words) - PHDessay.com. Essay on Technological effects on education | Internet | Lecture. Modern Education Essay Writinghtml – Technology in Education. Technology Essay Writing This Is An Ielts Writing Task 2 Sample Answer .... 012 Essay Example Modern Technology And Education Academic Writing .... ≫ Contribution of Technology in Education Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. Essay On Contribution Of Technology In Education In 250 Words. Technology In Education An Essay About Pros Cons And Challenges Free .... Sample essay on role of ng os in promoting education. Classroom essay in technology. Essay on Contribution of Technology in Education for all Class in 100 .... essay on modern technology imprisons the human spirit. Essay on Technology & Society | Society | Technology | Free 30-day ....
Civil Handbook during internship at "Vizag Profiles Pvt. Ltd." (May,2015-July...Mukul Yambal
Identified practical problems in different construction sites like residential buildings (The Green City, VPL residential buildings), tall buildings (Vijaynirman, Vizag -tallest building in Vizag), TMT bar factory (Steel Exchange India Limited - SEIL),sea-port (Visakha Container Terminal Pvt. Ltd. - VCTPL), pharmaceutical company (EASAI), Tyre company and summarized them with general guidelines for constructions in form of Civil Handbook with the team of 11 BITS interns.
Here are some key points in offering transport service:
1. Greet the passenger politely.
2. Ask if they need a taxi using phrases like "Would you like a taxi?" or "Do you need a taxi?".
3. If yes, ask for their destination using "Where are you going?" or "Where is your destination?".
4. Confirm the address and get clear directions.
5. Inform them about the fare if asked.
6. Be friendly, helpful and ensure safe travel to their destination.
Parsi Festival Pateti Essay In Hindi. Online assignment writing service.Sonya Pope
The French Revolution and Mexican Revolution both sought to overthrow oppressive governments and establish better forms of rule. In France, heavy taxes imposed by King Louis XVI led peasants to revolt, removing him from power. In Mexico, dictator Porfirio Diaz limited freedoms and exacerbated social inequality, prompting calls for his removal. Both revolutions aimed to achieve greater human rights and address harsh living conditions faced by many citizens under the previous regimes. However, the power vacuum after Porfirio Diaz led to infighting over new leadership in Mexico. Overall, the revolutions shared similarities in their origins from abusive power and goals of establishing improved systems of governance.
The document provides an overview of mining in EVE Online, including:
1. There are 9 minerals that can be mined from 18 types of ores found in asteroid belts throughout the galaxy. Higher value "high-end" minerals require mining in lower security space.
2. Ore variations yield 5-10% more minerals, and the quality of ore increases in lower security systems.
3. Each ore type refines into a set amount of the 9 minerals. Common ores like Veldspar yield Tritanium, while rarer ores provide a mix of minerals.
Mahesh Dattani is a renowned Indian playwright known for tackling social issues and defying societal norms in his plays. Some of his notable plays that address social challenges and reflect India's diversity include 'Tara', 'Dance Like a Man', 'Bravely Fought the Queen', and 'Final Solutions'. His works have achieved international recognition and are translated and performed globally, helping to promote Indian theater worldwide.
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A Guidebook for Government Jobs in Architecture and Planning
1.
2. ii
Acknowledgement
First and foremost, thanks to Almighty God, without whose blessings this book wouldn’t be possible.
The idea behind this book came surely during the immense amount of time that we got from our
unemployment. Thanks to everyone for not hiring us during this period.
A fair share of greetings to our students too, who let us believe during our teaching days that we can
do much better in life than to teach them.
We would also like to thank Ar. Faisal Husaini, because of his absence only we could complete this
book in time, thanks for not being here and supporting us virtually.
We would also like to extend our thanks to Mr. Aman Zarar and Ar. Moh’d Shoeb for dancing day and
night in formatting of the book, so that words don’t dance here and there on the pages.
Ar. Shadab Razvi’s efforts in promoting our page ARCUS, with the same intensity as he posts his
display pictures on Facebook is worth appreciating too.
Also, we would like to extend our sincere gratitude to Ar. Anand Khatri Sir for his endless support
and guidance throughout the process.
Thanking you
Arcus
2018
3. iii
About Arcus
Arcus, an initiative of the few Architects from Jamia Millia Islamia, has been formed with an intent
of providing academic assistance to Architecture and Planning Students all over the country. Arcus
helps students in clearing doubts regarding Gate examination, Government jobs examination and
any other doubt in the academics. Arcus has been doing this job effectively since 2017.
Arcus launched its first book named ‘Jamia M. Arch. 2018’ for the preparation of Master of
architecture entrance of Jamia Millia, this year and got huge appreciation from the students around
the country preparing for it. Inspired by this success, Arcus is presenting another much needed book
‘A guidebook for Government jobs in Architecture and Planning’.
We hope you shall like and appreciate the effort even more.
Thanking you
Arcus
2018
4. iv
Preface
This book in your hand is an honest attempt to minimize the confusion that many students have
regarding various government jobs examination within the country. A decent amount of effort has
been done in collecting various Central level and State level examination’s questions, and in solving
them with explanation. This guidebook would certainly let us all aware of the various examinations,
its pattern of asking questions and a brief idea of the syllabi to be covered.
The book covers 10 different chapters, each chapter denoting different examination conducted in
recent years. Solution of each and every question is provided. Detailed explanation and suitable
examples for all questions have also been incorporated. Extreme care has been taken so as to
eliminate any sort of discrepancy, anywhere in the book. In case, if you find some, do let us know.
We are always open for suggestions at:
www.facebook.com/arcus.education
www.youtube.com/arcus.education
5. Table of Contents
FOR THE POST OF ARCHITECT
Chapter 01: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)................................................................ 1
ISRO-2018........................................................................................................................................................2
ISRO-2017......................................................................................................................................................17
ISRO-2015......................................................................................................................................................32
Chapter 02: Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) ................................................................ 49
UPSC-2015.....................................................................................................................................................50
UPSC-2016.....................................................................................................................................................70
Chapter 03: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) ..................................................................... 93
DMRC-2015....................................................................................................................................................94
DMRC-2014..................................................................................................................................................105
Chapter 04: Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation (LMRC) ...............................................................133
LMRC-2018 ..................................................................................................................................................134
Chapter 05: National Buildings Construction Corporation Ltd. (NBCC)........................................151
NBCC-2018...................................................................................................................................................152
FOR THE POST OF TOWN PLANNER
Chapter 06: Gujarat Public Service Commission (GPSC).............................................................171
GPSC-2017 ...................................................................................................................................................172
Chapter 07: Maharashtra Public Service Commission (MPSC)....................................................205
MPSC-2013 ..................................................................................................................................................206
Chapter 08: Rajasthan Public Service Commission (RPSC)..........................................................219
RPSC-2011 ...................................................................................................................................................220
RPSC-2015 ...................................................................................................................................................238
Chapter 09: Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC) ..............................................................259
PPSC-2016....................................................................................................................................................260
PPSC-2013....................................................................................................................................................277
Chapter 10: Punjab Urban Planning and Development Authority (PUDA)..................................291
PUDA-2013 ..................................................................................................................................................292
7. IISRO-2018
A Guidebook for Government Jobs in Architecture & Planning
2
ISRO-2018
1. In how many different ways can the letters of
the word OPTICAL be arranged, so that the
vowels always come together?
(a) 2160
(b) 720
(c) 120
(d) 100
Answer: (b)
The word 'OPTICAL' contains 7 different
letters.
When the vowels OIA are always together,
they can be supposed to form one letter.
Then, we have to arrange the letters PTCL
(OIA).
Now, 5 letters can be arranged in 5! = 120
ways.
The vowels (OIA) can be arranged among
themselves in 3! = 6 ways.
Therefore, required number of ways = (120 x
6) = 720.
2. A can contains a mixture of two liquids A&B in
the ratio 7:5. When 9 litres of the mixture are
drawn off and the can is filled with B, the ratio
of A&B becomes 7:9. How many litres of liquid
A was contained by the can initially?
(a) 20
(b) 21
(c) 25
(d) 10
Answer: (b)
3. When the art work is experienced through
reflected light, we are looking at
(a) Reflective colour
(b) Natural colour
(c) Additive colour
(d) Subtractive colour
Answer: (d)
4. The colour wheel, conceived by bending the
colours of the spectrum and adding purple,
was first conceived by
(a) Copernicus
(b) Michelangelo
(c) Isaac Newton
(d) Plato
Answer: (c)
5. The illumination level in houses is in the range
(a) 100-140 lumen/m2
(b) 40-75 lumen/m2
(c) 200-250 lumen/m2
(d) 300-400 lumen/m2
Answer: (a)
8. IISRO-2017
A Guidebook for Government Jobs in Architecture & Planning
17
ISRO-2017
1. As per NBC 2005, under requirements of parts of
buildings, what is the minimum area and width
of a habitable room, when there is only one
room?
(a) Area 7.5 sqm, width 2.5 m
(b) Area 9.5 sqm, width 2.4 m
(c) Area 10 sqm, width 3 m
(d) Area 12 sqm, width 2.5
Answer: (b)
2. As per NBC 2005, what is the minimum and
maximum height of the ceiling of any basement
above the average surrounding ground level?
(a) Minimum 0.9 m and maximum 1.2 m
(b) Minimum 1.0 m and maximum 1.2 m
(c) Minimum 0.9 m and maximum 1.5 m
(d) Minimum 1.0 m and maximum 1.5 m
Answer: (a)
The minimum height of the ceiling of any
basement shall be 0.9 m. and maximum of 1.2
mt. above the average road level on the front
side of the building.
3. What is the minimum width and height of the
passage way required as per NBC 2005 for the
fire fighting vehicles to enter the premises at the
main entrance?
(a) Width 6.0 m and height 6.5 m
(b) Width 4.5 m and height 6.0 m
(c) Width 6.0 m and height 5.0 m
(d) Width 4.5 m and height 5.0 m
Answer: (d)
Every High rise building should have at least 2
means of access, one remote to the other, of
minimum width 4.5m. with height clearance of
5m.
4. As per NBC 2005, what is the minimum fire
resistance rating for glass façade in high rise
buildings?
(a) 2 hours
(b) 1.5 hours
(c) 1 hour
(d) 0.5 hour
Answer: (c)
Glass of facade for high rise buildings etc. shall
be of minimum one hr. fire resistance rating
5. As per NBC 2005, automatic sprinklers shall be
installed in basements used as car parks or
storage occupancy, if the area exceeds
(a) 200 sqm
(b) 300 sqm
(c) 400 sqm
(d) 500 sqm
Answer: (a)
6. The climatic factors that influence the optimum
orientation of the building from the point of view
of lighting and ventilation are
(a) Prevailing winds
(b) Relative humidity
(c) Solar radiation and temperature
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d)
9. IISRO-2015
A Guidebook for Government Jobs in Architecture & Planning
32
ISRO-2015
1. Match the temples in Group I with their
distinguishing features in Group II.
Group I
P. Sun Temple
Q. Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple
R. Chennakesava Temple, Somnathpura
S. Lingaraj Temple, Bhubhanesvar
Group II
1. Kalinga Architecture style
2. Hoysala Architecture
3. Thousand Pillared hall
4. Ornamented Chariot
5. Badami Chalukya Architecture
(a) P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1
(b) P-5, Q-3, R-4, S-2
(c) P-4, Q-2, R-5, S-1
(d) P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3
Answer: (a)
2. Mark wrong statement
(a) CPM uses activity oriented network
(b) In PERT deterministic concept is used
(c) CPM is extensively used in construction
projects
(d) In PERT, estimate of time for activities
are not so accurate and definite
Answer: (b)
PERT concept is probabilistic in nature. The
difference between CPM and PERT are
3. Dummy activity in PERT/ CPM network is
necessary when
(a) Two activities have same ending node
(b) Two activities have same starting node
(c) When two activities share the same
starting and ending node
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c)
Dummy Activity is used in two situations:
when two or more activities start and end at
the same nodes & when two or more
activities share the same precedence activity
but not all the precedence are shared.
4. While estimating, centre line method is
specially adopted for
(a) Hexagonal buildings
(b) Circular buildings
(c) Rectangular buildings
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d)
CENTER LINE METHOD: In this method of
estimation, the total center line length of
walls in a building is first calculated, then the
center line length is multiplied with the
breadth and depth of respective item to get
the total quantity of any item.
11. UUPSC-2015
A Guidebook for Government Jobs in Architecture & Planning
50
UPSC-2015
1. A screen, usually of louvers, placed on the
outside of a building to shield the windows from
direct sunlight is
(a) Drum wall
(b) Solarium
(c) Brise-soleil
(d) Trombe-wall
Answer: (c)
Brise Soliel: A screen, usually louvered, placed on
the outside of a building to shield the windows
from direct sunlight.
2. A vertical diaphragm acting as a thin, deep
cantilever beam in transferring lateral loads to
the foundation is
(a) Pneumatic structure
(b) Shell
(c) Membrane
(d) Shear wall
Answer: (d)
3. A glass unit consisting of two or more sheets of
glass separated by a hermetically sealed air
space, to provide thermal insulation and restrict
condensation is
(a) Reflective glass
(b) Heat-absorbing glass
(c) Low emissivity (Low-E) glass
(d) Insulating glass
Answer: (d)
4. ‘Sky Component’ is an element of
(a) Earthquake resistant design
(b) Daylight factor
(c) Rainwater harvesting
(d) Thermal performance analysis
Answer: (b)
The sum of the three components gives the
daylight factor:
DF = SC + ERC + IRC
SC – Sky Component
ERC – Externally Reflected Component
IRC – Internally Reflected Component
5. Architectural design today need not address
(a) Climatic considerations
(b) Energy efficiency
(c) Stylistic affiliations
(d) User response
Answer: (c)
6. Designing responsive architectural spaces
requires consideration given to
(a) Passive cooling systems
(b) Innovation in structural systems
(c) Smart building systems
(d) User satisfaction
Answer: (d)
Responsive architectures distinguish themselves
from other forms of interactive design by
incorporating intelligent and responsive
technologies into the core elements of a
building's fabric
7. Creating architectural design proposals may not
include
(a) Formulating an area programme
(b) Evolving design alternatives
(c) Incorporating structure and services into
finalized proposal
(d) Design detail of interior furniture
Answer: (d)
12. UUPSC-2016
A Guidebook for Government Jobs in Architecture & Planning
70
UPSC-2016
1. Anti-static tiles are usually specified in areas
having
(a) Chemical spillage
(b) High dampness
(c) Several electrical equipment
(d) Movement of heavy machineries
Answer: (d)
Anti-static floors help by taking the static
electricity that builds up due to movement of
vehicles or heavy equipment through the
floor to ground. Anti-static flooring,
however, is capable of capturing all those
charges and grounding them before they
cause reactions.
2. The project ‘HABITAT’ Montreal Canada,
designed by renowned architect ‘Moshe
Safdie’, is an example of
(a) Prefabricated housing
(b) Low-rise detached dwellings
(c) High-rise apartments
(d) Organic architecture
Answer: (a)
Habitat 67, designed by the Israeli-Canadian
architect Moshe Safdie as the Canadian
Pavilion for the World Exposition of 1967,
was originally intended as an experimental
solution for high-quality housing in dense
urban environments.
Habitat ‘67 is really two ideas in one. One is
about prefabrication, and the other is about
rethinking apartment-building design in the
new paradigm.
3. ‘Logical Process’ and ‘Magical Abstraction’
are two aspects of
(a) Architectural design methodology
(b) Structural analysis of a building
(c) Physical planning process
(d) Urban design methodology
Answer: (a)
Design methodology has two parts. One is
logical process and the other is magical
abstraction; first is functional and second is
intuitive; first is easy to reason and explain
and the second is easy to philosophise and
pronounce.
4. Design of Jain Temple Complex at Ranakpur
is an example of
(a) Unilateral symmetry
(b) Asymmetry
(c) Bilateral symmetry
(d) 3-dimensional symmetry
Answer: (c)
14. DDMRC -2015
A Guidebook for Government Jobs in Architecture & Planning
98
27. Bricks before laying in a masonry course are
sprinkled with water. This is called:
(a) Washing
(b) Curing
(c) Soaking
(d) Moistening
Answer: (b)
28. Two way slab has to have length (l) to
breadth (b) ratio of room:
(a) L/b = 2
(b) L/b > 2
(c) L/b < 2
(d) None of these
Answer: (c)
If a slab is supported on all the four sides but
the ratio of longer span (l) to shorten span (b)
is greater than 2, then the slab will be
considered as one way slab.
29. Neoprene gasket is used to fix:
(a) Double glazing
(b) Make frameless glass shutters
shutter proof
(c) Make pivoted aluminium doors air
tight
(d) Make Z section window frame noise
proof
Answer: (b)
Neoprene gaskets offer resistance against
greases, waxes and oils, ozone and
oxidation, water immersion, and
weathering.
30. As per revised codal provisions the
dimension of an RD column has to be:
(a) Less than 300
(b) Not less than 450
(c) Less than 230
(d) Greater than 300
Answer: (d)
The minimum dimension of column shall not
be less than (a) 15 times the largest beam
bar diameter of the longitudinal
reinforcement in the beam passing through
or anchoring into the column joint, and (b)
300 mm
31. Air funnel is:
(a) An imaginary air space of the form of
a funnel were no structure can come
up on the ground.
(b) An imaginary air space of the form of
a funnel were only gardens can be
maintained on the ground.
(c) An actual air space where no fly zone
is announced.
(d) An imaginary air space of the form of
a funnel were no structure/tree or
part thereof should reach.
Answer: (d)
Air Funnel Zone is the controlled airspace
around an airport where high rise buildings/
trees or part of thereof are banned for the
safety of the aircrafts.
32. Cellular raft is normally done in:
(a) R.C.C.
(b) Steel
(c) Timber
(d) RBW
Answer: (a)
15. DDMRC -2014
A Guidebook for Government Jobs in Architecture & Planning
112
51. The dancing halls of the Orissan Temple is named
as :
(a) Bhog mandir
(b) Natya mandir
(c) Rekha Deul
(d) Jag Mohana
Answer: (b)
52. The main entrance to the Hindu temple is always
from :
(a) East
(b) West
(c) North
(d) South
Answer: (a)
The temples face sunrise, and the entrance for
the devotee is typically this east side
53. An Indo Aryan temple part
(a) Pida
(b) Citra gopuram
(c) Palagai
(d) Monolithic Nandhi
Answer: (a)
54. Le Corbusier work can be identified by is :
(a) Organic form
(b) Exposed concrete work
(c) Usage of natural materials
(d) Staircase
Answer: (b)
55. In Indian Mosque, shahn is the:
(a) Courtyard
(b) Screened wall
(c) Pulpit
(d) Minaret
Answer: (a)
A sahn, is a courtyard in Islamic architecture.
56. The architect of Guggenheim museum at New
York is :
(a) F.L. Wright
(b) B.V. Doshi
(c) Nari Gandhi
(d) Charles Correa
Answer: (a)
57. Diwane-e-khas and Diwan-e-am are _______
blocks in Akbar palace,
(a) Security
(b) Administrative
(c) Servant quarters
(d) Service quarters
Answer: (b)
58. The architect who used mud as a predominant
building material in all his works is :
(a) Hafeez contractor
(b) Alvar Alto
(c) Louis Khan
(d) Laurie Baker
Answer: (d)
59. Rock-cut architecture is associated with :
(a) China
(b) Burma
(c) Sri Lanka
(d) India
Answer: (d)
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23. In which year did India enact Biological
diversity act?
(a) 1995
(b) 2002
(c) 2010
(d) 2015
Answer: (b)
The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 is an Act of
the Parliament of India for preservation of
biological diversity in India, and provides
mechanism for equitable sharing of benefits
arising out of the use of traditional biological
resources and knowledge
24. The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Housing
for all will be implemented starting from
2015 and targets housing for all by:
(a) 2020
(b) 2022
(c) 2025
(d) 2027
Answer: (b)
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is an
initiative by Government of India in which
affordable housing will be provided to the
urban poor with a target of building 20
million affordable houses by 31 March 2022.
25. Which of the following is an unacceptable
attribute of portable water?
(a) It should be clear, transparent,
odourless and colourless
(b) It should be warm
(c) It should not cause corrosion of
pipes and other fittings
(d) It should be free from disease
causing organisms
Answer: (b)
Best drinking water will have at least the first
three of the following qualities—and
optimally, all six:
Contaminant free.
Mineral rich.
Alkaline pH..
Micro-clustered.
Anti-oxidant.
Good taste
26. Which of the following is not a general
attribute of conservancy system for
collection and disposal of waste?
(a) Does not permit compact design of
structures
(b) There are no chances of
putrefaction
(c) There is presence of segregation
(d) It is laid above ground and is non-
hygienic
Answer: (b)
27. Which of the following is not a primary rating
systems for green buildings in India?
(a) NZEB
(b) BEE
(c) IGBC
(d) GRIHA
Answer: (a)
A zero-energy building, also known as a zero
net energy (ZNE) building, net-zero energy
building (NZEB), or net zero building, is a
building with zero net energy consumption,
meaning the total amount of energy used by
the building on an annual basis is roughly
equal to the amount of renewable energy
created on the site
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11. The most appropriate hierarchy of road in an
urban areas is:
(a) Freeway ≥ Arterial ≥ Local ≥
Collector
(b) Freeway ≥ Arterial ≥ Collector ≥
Local
(c) Local ≥ Arterial ≥ Freeway ≥
Collector
(d) Collector ≥ Local ≥ Freeway ≥
Arterial
Answer: (b)
12. Expansion joint in a building is generally
provided at a distance of:
(a) 50 m
(b) 40 m
(c) 30 m
(d) 20 m
Answer: (c)
In brick or stone masonry expansion joints
normally need not be necessary, except in
the case of long walls exceeding 30 m in
length; in such long walls the expansion
joints shall be not less than 15 mm wide and
shall be spaced not more than 30 m apart.
13. The reinforcement is provided in a cantilever
area on the:
(a) Upper side of the slab
(b) Lower side of the slab
(c) Middle of the slab
(d) None of these
Answer: (a)
From practical considerations, as a
cantilever beam would be subjected to
gravity loads, it will be subjected to hogging
bending moment due to which tension is
developed in the top portion of the beam
above the neutral axis. Hence, rebar need to
be provided at top of the beam.
14. Thermal resistance is measured by:
(a) U factor
(b) Solar heat gain co-efficient
(c) R factor
(d) None of these
Answer: (c)
Thermal resistance is a heat property and a
measurement of a temperature difference by
which an object or material resists a heat
flow. Thermal resistance is the reciprocal of
thermal conductance.
(Absolute) thermal resistance R in K/W is a
property of a particular component.
15. Identify the material with lowest embodied
energy:
(a) Aluminium
(b) Concrete blocks
(c) Clay bricks
(d) Timber
Answer: (b)
Embodied energy is the energy consumed by
all of the processes associated with the
production of a building, from the mining
and processing of natural resources to
manufacturing, transport and product
delivery.
Aluminium : 170
Concrete blocks: 1.5
Clay bricks: 2.5
Glue-laminated timber: 11.0
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GPSC-2017
1. A road having Right of Way 50-60 m
designated for intra-urban through traffic with
no frontage access is called:
(a) Collector road
(b) Arterial road
(c) Sub-arterial road
(d) Freeway
Answer: (b)
These roads have the maximum right of way
amongst the four categories and cater to a
speed limit of 50-60 km/h and a ROW of 50-80
m. They carry the largest volumes of traffic and
longest trips in a city. These roads are
characterized by mobility and cater to through
traffic with restricted access from carriageway
to the side.
2. A map showing all key features and
characteristics of an area and serving as
foundation for spatial planning is known as:
(a) Topo Sheet
(b) Mouza Map
(c) Base Map
(d) Cartographic Map
Answer: (c)
A basemap provides a user with context for a
map. You can add information to a basemap by
overlaying other information on top of it.
3. Which of the following is not included in Basic
Services in a developing country?
(a) Broadband
(b) Water supply
(c) Paved roads
(d) Drainage
Answer: (a)
The state plays a very important role in
providing basic services in developing
countries. Services like education, health, road,
water etc. are provided by state for sustaining
a comfortable life by people.
4. Which of the following is a charge imposed on
beneficiaries on the increment in property
value accruing as a result of given public
investment?
(a) Development charge
(b) Development tax
(c) Property tax
(d) Betterment levy
Answer: (d)
Betterment levies are a form of tax or a fee
levied on land that has gained in value because
of public infrastructure investments.
5. Consider the following statements about
cadastral maps:
1. It indicates property boundaries
2. It is prepared in a scale of 1:1000 or below
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c)
A cadastral map is a map that shows the
boundaries and ownership of land parcels.
Cadastral maps commonly range from scales
of 1:500 to 1:10,000
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MPSC-2013
1. Regional Plan of Mumbai Metropolitan Region
(1991- 2011) was guided by the development
growth strategy of:
(a) Mono centric structure
(b) Poly-nucleated structure
(c) Axial structure
(d) Sector structure
Answer: (b)
Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR)
envisioned the metropolis as a poly-centric
development with successful growth centers at
significant junctions.
2. Population of a city grew from 50,505 to
65,080 in ten years. Annual rate of growth of
population is:
(a) 2.6 %
(b) 3.4 %
(c) 26 %
(d) 34 %
Answer: (a)
3. Functional region is also called:
(a) Formal region
(b) Natural region
(c) Nodal region
(d) Planning region
Answer: (c)
A functional region, also called a nodal region,
is an area organized around a nod or focal
point
4. Income inequality across population is
expressed through:
(a) Inverted U-curve
(b) Lorenz curve
(c) Fuzzy curve
(d) Indifference curve
Answer: (b)
In economics, the Lorenz curve is a graphical
representation of the distribution of income or
of wealth. It was developed by Max O. Lorenz
in 1905 for representing inequality of the
wealth distribution.
5. Which of the following is NOT a mandatory
requirement in publication of regional plan?
(a) Land Use Survey
(b) Preparation of Draft Plan
(c) Inviting objections to draft plan
(d) Approval by the State Legislature
Answer: (d)
6. In urban planning ‘cohort’ refers to:
(a) Contours level in slope analysis
(b) Land use classification of public and
semi-public place
(c) Age-sex classification of population
(d) Soil layer classification
Answer: (c)
A cohort study is a particular form of
longitudinal study that sample a cohort (a
group of people who share a defining
characteristic, typically those who experienced
25. RRPSC-2011
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16. ITPI stands for
(a) Indian Town Planners Institute
(b) International Town Planners Institute
(c) Institute of Town Planners, India
(d) Institute of Town Planning, India
Answer: (c)
The Institute of Town Planners, India, owes
its origin to a small group of Town Planners
of Delhi, who in 1947 decided to set up a
professional Town Planning Institute on the
lines similar to the Royal Town Planning
Institute, London.
17. ‘Alexander the Great’ Invaded India in
(a) Second Cent. B.C.
(b) Fourth Cent. B.C.
(c) Fourth Cent. A.D.
(d) Second Cent. A.D.
Answer: (b)
The Indian campaign of Alexander began in
326 BC
18. Ancient town planning text of India is
(a) Prastara
(b) Mansara
(c) Vastushastra
(d) Padmaka
Answer: (b)
Manasara Silpa Sastram is a definitive Indian
treatise on Vastu Sasthram, an ancient
building code which was used for designing
houses, planning cities and communities.
19. The first ‘Garden City’ was
(a) Welwyn
(b) Letch worth
(c) Edinburgh
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b)
20. The disadvantages of ‘Ribbon Development’
is
(a) Increase of cost of various Utility
services
(b) The houses face heavy traffic and
noise
(c) The interior parts of the city are left
undeveloped
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d)
21. ‘Decumanus’ means
(a) Two cross roads
(b) Roads running east – west
(c) Roads running north-south
(d) City square
Answer: (b)
In Roman city planning, a Decumanus was
an east-west-oriented road in a Roman city
22. Density of population is expressed as
(a) Houses per unit area
(b) Number of persons per unit area
(c) Number of families per unit area
(d) All of the above
Answer: (b)
Density is usually expressed as the number
of individuals per unit area or volume
23. The concept of ‘The Garden City’ was given
by
(a) Ebenezer Howard
(b) Sir Christopher Wren
(c) Barry Parker
(d) Raymond Unwin
Answer: (a)
Garden Cities were underpinned by a strong
vision developed by Ebenezer Howard
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RPSC-2015
1. Major roads in Indus Valley Cities were laid in :
(a) Concentric Pattern
(b) Grid Iron Pattern
(c) Zig-Zag Pattern
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b)
Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, major cities of
the Indus Valley Civilization (in what is now
Pakistan), were built with blocks divided by a
grid of straight streets, running north-south
and east-west.
2. Three “Magnets” in Ebenezer Howard in
garden city were described as :
(a) Population, Environment and Traffic
(b) Economy, Ecology and Equity
(c) Town, country and town – country
(d) All of the above
Answer: (c)
3. Plan of the Jaipur city as built by king Sawai
Jai Singh was based on :
(a) Dandaka Pattern
(b) Padmaka Pattern
(c) Prastara Pattern
(d) Swastika Pattern
Answer: (c)
Jaipur is planned according to the Prastara
type of layout, which gives prominence to the
cardinal directions. Thus plan of Jaipur is a
grid of 3x3 with gridlines being the city’s
main streets
4. Radburn (New Jersey) designed in 1928 by
stein and wright was built on central idea of
(a) Segregation of automobile and
pedestrian traffic
(b) Linear greens
(c) Urban “Assembly line” housing
(d) None of the above
Answer: (a)
Radburn was explicitly designed to separate
traffic by mode, with a pedestrian path
system that does not cross any major roads
at grade.
5. Planning of New Delhi is based on which of
the following :
(a) Renaissance principles
(b) Mandala vastu-purusha
(c) Baroque principles
(d) Garden city principles
Answer: (d)
6. A Greek City had major hub of Urban
activities as
(a) Stoa
(b) Agora
(c) Forum
(d) Stadia
Answer: (b)
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PPSC-2016
1. A low value of ‘U’ in glass indicates:
(a) Bad Thermal performance of the
Building envelope
(b) Heat loss from any building
component
(c) Good insulation of the Building
envelope
(d) Heat absorption by the Building
envelope
Answer: (c)
2. The art of building rests on three
foundations of Utilitas, Firmatas and
venustas- was given by:
(a) Marcus Vitruvius
(b) Le-Corbusier
(c) Ebenezer Howard
(d) FL Wright
Answer: (a)
The Roman architect Vitruvius in his treatise
on architecture, De Architectura, asserted
that there were three principles of good
architecture:
Firmatis (Durability) – It should
stand up robustly and remain in
good condition.
Utilitas (Utility) – It should be useful
and function well for the people
using it.
Venustatis (Beauty) – It should
delight people and raise their spirits.
3. Normally, the angle of roof truss, with
asbestos sheet should not be less than:
(a) 26.50
(b) 300
(c) 350
(d) 450
Answer: (b)
Normally, the angle of roof truss with
asbestos sheets should not be less than 30
degrees.
4. The water content of soil which represents
the boundary between plastic state and
liquid state is:
(a) Liquid limit
(b) Plastic limit
(c) Shrinkage limit
(d) Plasticity index
Answer: (a)
5. An approach which draws upon multiple
theories, styles or ideas is:
(a) Classicism
(b) Realism
(c) Eclecticism
(d) Romanticism
Answer: (c)
Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that
does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or
set of assumptions, but instead draws upon
multiple theories, styles, or ideas
6. Art Nouveau style is characterized by:
(a) Geometrical motifs
(b) Artistic and undulating motifs
(c) Organization of the planes
(d) Dominance of Technology
Answer: (b)
Art Nouveau is an international style of art,
architecture and design that is characterised
by highly-stylised, flowing, curvilinear
designs often incorporating floral and other
plant-inspired motifs.
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PPSC-2013
1. Indian Institute of Management Bangalore is
designed by
(a) Louis Kahn
(b) B V Doshi
(c) A P Kanvinde
(d) Anant Raje
Answer: (b)
The IIMB campus was designed by
celebrated architect B V Doshi.
2. Huge monoliths square on plan and tapering
at the summit, erected in the Egyptian
Architecture are known as
(a) Pyramid
(b) Sarcophagus
(c) Obelisk
(d) Pyramidion
Answer: (c)
Obelisk: A monumental, four-sided stone
shaft, usually monolithic and tapering to a
pyramidal tip
3. This refers to the maximum water discharge
from plumbing fixtures in terms of fixture
units
(a) Peak load
(b) Maximum demand
(c) Pressure
(d) Pipe size
Answer: (a)
Maximum probable flow, also called peak
demand or peak flow, is the maximum flow
that will occur in the piping under peak
conditions.
4. The literal meaning of Feng Shui is
(a) House and Household
(b) Wind and water
(c) Efficiency of Design
(d) Sensitivity towards Design
Answer: (b)
5. It is a device designed to prevent backflow of
gases into the fixture
(a) Check Valve
(b) Soil Pipe
(c) Grease Pipe
(d) Trap
Answer: (d)
In plumbing, a trap is a device which has a
shape that uses a bending path to capture
water to prevent sewer gases from entering
buildings, while allowing waste to pass
through
6. A general term for any vertical line of soil,
waste and vent pipe
(a) Branch
(b) Stack
(c) House Drain
(d) Vent Pipe
Answer: (b)
A general term for any vertical line including
offsets of soil, waste, vent, or inside
conductor piping.
7. The open space, where maximum surface
material is hard surface or paved is
(a) Agora
(b) Garden
(c) Park
(d) Plaza
Answer: (d)
A plaza, or Place is an open urban public
space, such as a city square.
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30. Which of the following is not an urban utility?
(a) Electricity
(b) Education
(c) Water
(d) Sewerage
Answer: (b)
31. Acoustical energy is related to
(a) Thermal
(b) Sound
(c) Visible light
(d) Infra-red
Answer: (b)
32. Neighbourhood unit formula was originally
developed by C. A. Perry for the regional plan
of
(a) New York
(b) Boston
(c) Washington
(d) Florida
Answer: (a)
Clarence Perry’s conceptualisation of the
neighbourhood unit evolved out of an earlier
idea of his, to provide a planning formula for
the arrangement and distribution of
playgrounds in the New York region
33. The track built in open green spaces meant
only for the pedestrians is:
(a) V1
(b) V3
(c) V7
(d) V8
Answer: (c)
V1- Fast roads connecting Chandigarh
to other towns
V2- Arterial roads
V3- Fast vehicular roads around the
sectors
V4- Meandering shopping streets
V5- Sector circulation roads
V6- Access roads to houses
V7- Footpaths, cycle tracks Buses will
ply only on V1
34 Among various innovations related to road
sector, which one should be given the last
priority.
(a) Materials for pavement structure
(b) Construction technologies and
equipment
(c) Road safety
(d) Revenue generation
Answer: (d)
35 Geddes’ Cities in Evolution, an essay on the
growth of cities, emphasized on
(a) Preservation of historical traditions,
(b) Involvement of the people in their
own betterment,
(c) The reconstruction of future traditions
of city building
Which of the above is incorrect?
(a) (a)
(b) (a) and (b)
(c) (c)
(d) (b)
Answer: (c)