This document summarizes a guidebook published by the National Academies Press titled "On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research." The guidebook provides an overview of professional standards and ethics in scientific research. It is intended to help early career researchers learn proper conduct, as many no longer learn solely through experience. The changing nature of science also presents new challenges to upholding standards. Experienced researchers must continue serving as role models and mentors for upholding integrity.