An interest rate is the quantity of interest due per period as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited or borrowed. The first aim of this study is to know about the interest rates prevailing with countries and to analyze the impact of interest rate towards international currency pairs. For this purpose, the currencies of four countries have been taken and they were compared with the interest rate to know their impact. The conclusion clearly reveals that the interest rate changes has an impact towards the market in mid and long term basis with all the currencies taken for the study. Monetary policy is the mechanism by which the monetary authority of a country regulates the supply of money to ensure the price stability and general trust in the currency. The second aim of the study is to analyze the impact of monetary policy and its impact on international markets. The study is all about analyzing the volatility of Forex market in different GMT’S. The need of the study is to know about the price variations in different timings of the market when there is day shift process accordingly. This type of research design has been undertaken for analytical design since the pricing movements of bullion markets are analyzed.
Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Share Price Index in Vietnam’s Stock Markettheijes
This paper investigates the macroeconomic determinants of share price in the stock market of Vietnam. The investigation was conducted by using a VECM econometric methodology and revealed thatVietnam’s stock market prices are chiefly determined by economic activities: market price index, inflation, money supply and exchange rate. An increase in market price index and money supply makes share price, while the increase of inflation (CPI) and exchange rate reduces share price. The study’s result showed that Vietnam’s stock market can be replaced by investors of foreign currency (USD), while the exchange rate tends to rise.
This paper analysed the forecasting ability of yield-curve as a predictor of the short-run fluctuations in economic activities in Namibia. The study employed the techniques of unit root, cointegration, impulse response functions and forecast error variance decomposition on the quarterly data covering the period 1996 to 2015. The results revealed a negative relationship between the term structure of interest rates and economic activities, though statistically insignificant. This suggests that the yield-curve has no forecasting ability as a predictor of economic activity in Namibia.
Effect of Investor Sentiment on Future Returns in the Nigerian Stock Marketijtsrd
Study investigated the effect of investor sentiment on future returns in the Nigerian stock market for a period covering first quarter of 2008 to fourth quarter of 2015.The OLS regression and granger causality techniques were employed for data analyses. The results showed that (1) investor sentiment has a significant positive effect on stock market returns even after control for fundamentals such as Industrial production index, consumer price index and Treasury bill rate; (2) there is a uni-directional causality that runs from change in investor sentiment (?CCI) to stock market returns (Rm). Derived finding showed that the inclusion of fundamentals increased the explanatory power of investor sentiment from 3.96% to 33.05%, though at both level, investor sentiment (?CCI) has low explanatory power on stock market returns. The study posits existence of a dynamic relationship between investor sentiment and the behaviour of stock future returns in Nigeria such that higher sentiment concurrently leads to higher stock prices. Udoka Bernard Alajekwu* | Cyprian Okey Okoro | Dr. Michael Chukwumee Obialor | Prof. N. S. Ibenta"Effect of Investor Sentiment on Future Returns in the Nigerian Stock Market" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2256.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing-management/2256/effect-of-investor-sentiment-on-future-returns--in-the-nigerian-stock-market/udoka-bernard-alajekwu
Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Share Price Index in Vietnam’s Stock Markettheijes
This paper investigates the macroeconomic determinants of share price in the stock market of Vietnam. The investigation was conducted by using a VECM econometric methodology and revealed thatVietnam’s stock market prices are chiefly determined by economic activities: market price index, inflation, money supply and exchange rate. An increase in market price index and money supply makes share price, while the increase of inflation (CPI) and exchange rate reduces share price. The study’s result showed that Vietnam’s stock market can be replaced by investors of foreign currency (USD), while the exchange rate tends to rise.
This paper analysed the forecasting ability of yield-curve as a predictor of the short-run fluctuations in economic activities in Namibia. The study employed the techniques of unit root, cointegration, impulse response functions and forecast error variance decomposition on the quarterly data covering the period 1996 to 2015. The results revealed a negative relationship between the term structure of interest rates and economic activities, though statistically insignificant. This suggests that the yield-curve has no forecasting ability as a predictor of economic activity in Namibia.
Effect of Investor Sentiment on Future Returns in the Nigerian Stock Marketijtsrd
Study investigated the effect of investor sentiment on future returns in the Nigerian stock market for a period covering first quarter of 2008 to fourth quarter of 2015.The OLS regression and granger causality techniques were employed for data analyses. The results showed that (1) investor sentiment has a significant positive effect on stock market returns even after control for fundamentals such as Industrial production index, consumer price index and Treasury bill rate; (2) there is a uni-directional causality that runs from change in investor sentiment (?CCI) to stock market returns (Rm). Derived finding showed that the inclusion of fundamentals increased the explanatory power of investor sentiment from 3.96% to 33.05%, though at both level, investor sentiment (?CCI) has low explanatory power on stock market returns. The study posits existence of a dynamic relationship between investor sentiment and the behaviour of stock future returns in Nigeria such that higher sentiment concurrently leads to higher stock prices. Udoka Bernard Alajekwu* | Cyprian Okey Okoro | Dr. Michael Chukwumee Obialor | Prof. N. S. Ibenta"Effect of Investor Sentiment on Future Returns in the Nigerian Stock Market" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2256.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing-management/2256/effect-of-investor-sentiment-on-future-returns--in-the-nigerian-stock-market/udoka-bernard-alajekwu
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A comparative study of various models in forecasting INR-USD exchange rateAMAR SHAKTI KUMAR
This research paper’s aim to comparative study of various models in forecasting INR-USD
exchange rate, forecasting exchange rate for 2017 and find the best one.
The following forecasting techniques were evaluated for Comparative study: simple moving
average, weighted moving average, Exponential Smoothing average, purchasing power parity
and international fisher effect. Using recent INR-US dollar data, the research examined the
forecasting data accuracy.
First we have tested all selected models from past data and then i found that Exponential
smoothing average method produces less error comparatively, in time line analysis. And in
fundamental approach purchasing power parity produce less error.
So I found that Exponential smoothing average method is batter from all selected models
Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Market Interactions: The Indian ExperienceIOSR Journals
To examine the effect of macroeconomic variables on the stock price movement in Indian Stock Market. Six variables of macro-economy (inflation, exchange rate, Industrial production, MoneySupply, Goldprice, interest rate) are used as independent variables. Sensex, Nifty and BSE 100are indicated as dependent variable. The monthly time series data are gathered from RBI handbook over the period of April 2008 to June 2012. Multiple regression analysis is applied in this paper to construct a quantitative model showing the relationship between macroeconomics and stock price. The result of this paper indicates that significant relationship is occurred between macroeconomics variable’s and stock price in India.
Foreign Exchange Intervention and Currency Crisis (The Case of Korea During P...K Developedia
Title: Foreign exchange intervention and currency crisis
Sub Title: The case of Korea during pre-crisis period
Material Type: Report
Author: Kang, Sung-Kyung
Publisher: KDI School of Public Policy and Management
Date: 2000
Pages: 69
Subject Country: South Korea (Asia and Pacific)
Language: English
File Type: Documents
Original Format: pdf
Subject: Economy; Macroeconomics
Holding: KDI School of Public Policy and Management
Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to investigate whether stock prices and exchange rates are related to each
other or not. Both the short term and the long term association between these variables are discovered. The study applies
monthly and quarterly data on two gulf countries, including Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA) and United Arab Emirate (UAE)
for the period January 2008 to December 2009. The results of this study in the short term found that the exchange rate
influence positively on the stock market price index for United Arab Emirate and there is no association between them for
Kingdom Saudi Arabia. Moreover the study in the long term found that the exchange rate influence negatively on stock
market price index for the United Arab Emirate. While no association between these variables in Kingdom Saudi Arabia.
Asymmetric Analysis of Exchange Rates Volatility: Evidence from Emerging EconomyIOSRJBM
The primary objective of this study is to empirically establish the level of volatility persistence and ascertain the presence of asymmetric effect on the three segment of the Nigerian foreign exchange market (Inter-bank Foreign Exchange Market (IFEM), bureau de change (BDC) and Wholesale Dutch Auction System (WDAS)). Asymmetric Threshold Generalized Authoregressive Conditional Heteroscadasticity (TGARCH) approach was adopted in the research methodology for the empirical analysis to capture the simultaneous estimation of the mean and the conditional variance in 1,262 sample observations. Generally, this study produced some interesting findings: first, it reveals that naira to US dollar nominal exchange rate volatilities were found to be persistent in all the market segments. Second, the exchange rate volatility in the interbank is persistent and explosive; while the volatilities in the BDC and WDAS market are high and moderate, respectively. This means that the BDC segment of the Nigerian foreign exchange market is less volatile than the interbank market segment even when the interbank segment of the market is more funded with foreign exchange from autonomous and official sources. Additionally, it is evident that interbank segment reacts more to past shocks of the foreign exchange market. Finally, the study also confirms the existence of asymmetric effect in the Nigerian foreign exchange market. The practical implication of these findings is that it raises a policy concerns for the regulators of interbank foreign exchange transaction because the finding of this study signals liquidity squeeze in the market and it is a disincentive to international investors and market players. This is not unconnected to trend seeking and round tripping behavior.
Adopting Inflation Targeting for Monetary Policy: Practical Issues for Nigeriaiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is used extensively in business and industry, government, and non-profit organizations worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals. It was originated by Drs. Robert Kaplan and David Norton as a performance measurement framework that added strategic non-financial performance measures to traditional financial metrics to give managers and executives a more 'balanced' view of organizational performance. While the phrase balanced scorecard was coined in the early 1990s, the roots of the this type of approach are deep, and include the pioneering work of General Electric on performance measurement reporting in the 1950’s and the work of French process engineers in the early part of the 20th century.
It is the motivation of this paper to converse the first step toward realizing this goal. A system will be offered using existing antenna and RFID technology to charge a mobile phone battery without using wires. In this first step, it will use a standard phones, and combine the charging technology into a commercially available base station. The base station will contain an antenna tuned to 915MHz and a charge pump. In this paper to discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of such a system, and hopefully pave the way for a system incorporated into the phone for charging without the use of a base station.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A comparative study of various models in forecasting INR-USD exchange rateAMAR SHAKTI KUMAR
This research paper’s aim to comparative study of various models in forecasting INR-USD
exchange rate, forecasting exchange rate for 2017 and find the best one.
The following forecasting techniques were evaluated for Comparative study: simple moving
average, weighted moving average, Exponential Smoothing average, purchasing power parity
and international fisher effect. Using recent INR-US dollar data, the research examined the
forecasting data accuracy.
First we have tested all selected models from past data and then i found that Exponential
smoothing average method produces less error comparatively, in time line analysis. And in
fundamental approach purchasing power parity produce less error.
So I found that Exponential smoothing average method is batter from all selected models
Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Market Interactions: The Indian ExperienceIOSR Journals
To examine the effect of macroeconomic variables on the stock price movement in Indian Stock Market. Six variables of macro-economy (inflation, exchange rate, Industrial production, MoneySupply, Goldprice, interest rate) are used as independent variables. Sensex, Nifty and BSE 100are indicated as dependent variable. The monthly time series data are gathered from RBI handbook over the period of April 2008 to June 2012. Multiple regression analysis is applied in this paper to construct a quantitative model showing the relationship between macroeconomics and stock price. The result of this paper indicates that significant relationship is occurred between macroeconomics variable’s and stock price in India.
Foreign Exchange Intervention and Currency Crisis (The Case of Korea During P...K Developedia
Title: Foreign exchange intervention and currency crisis
Sub Title: The case of Korea during pre-crisis period
Material Type: Report
Author: Kang, Sung-Kyung
Publisher: KDI School of Public Policy and Management
Date: 2000
Pages: 69
Subject Country: South Korea (Asia and Pacific)
Language: English
File Type: Documents
Original Format: pdf
Subject: Economy; Macroeconomics
Holding: KDI School of Public Policy and Management
Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to investigate whether stock prices and exchange rates are related to each
other or not. Both the short term and the long term association between these variables are discovered. The study applies
monthly and quarterly data on two gulf countries, including Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA) and United Arab Emirate (UAE)
for the period January 2008 to December 2009. The results of this study in the short term found that the exchange rate
influence positively on the stock market price index for United Arab Emirate and there is no association between them for
Kingdom Saudi Arabia. Moreover the study in the long term found that the exchange rate influence negatively on stock
market price index for the United Arab Emirate. While no association between these variables in Kingdom Saudi Arabia.
Asymmetric Analysis of Exchange Rates Volatility: Evidence from Emerging EconomyIOSRJBM
The primary objective of this study is to empirically establish the level of volatility persistence and ascertain the presence of asymmetric effect on the three segment of the Nigerian foreign exchange market (Inter-bank Foreign Exchange Market (IFEM), bureau de change (BDC) and Wholesale Dutch Auction System (WDAS)). Asymmetric Threshold Generalized Authoregressive Conditional Heteroscadasticity (TGARCH) approach was adopted in the research methodology for the empirical analysis to capture the simultaneous estimation of the mean and the conditional variance in 1,262 sample observations. Generally, this study produced some interesting findings: first, it reveals that naira to US dollar nominal exchange rate volatilities were found to be persistent in all the market segments. Second, the exchange rate volatility in the interbank is persistent and explosive; while the volatilities in the BDC and WDAS market are high and moderate, respectively. This means that the BDC segment of the Nigerian foreign exchange market is less volatile than the interbank market segment even when the interbank segment of the market is more funded with foreign exchange from autonomous and official sources. Additionally, it is evident that interbank segment reacts more to past shocks of the foreign exchange market. Finally, the study also confirms the existence of asymmetric effect in the Nigerian foreign exchange market. The practical implication of these findings is that it raises a policy concerns for the regulators of interbank foreign exchange transaction because the finding of this study signals liquidity squeeze in the market and it is a disincentive to international investors and market players. This is not unconnected to trend seeking and round tripping behavior.
Adopting Inflation Targeting for Monetary Policy: Practical Issues for Nigeriaiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is used extensively in business and industry, government, and non-profit organizations worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals. It was originated by Drs. Robert Kaplan and David Norton as a performance measurement framework that added strategic non-financial performance measures to traditional financial metrics to give managers and executives a more 'balanced' view of organizational performance. While the phrase balanced scorecard was coined in the early 1990s, the roots of the this type of approach are deep, and include the pioneering work of General Electric on performance measurement reporting in the 1950’s and the work of French process engineers in the early part of the 20th century.
It is the motivation of this paper to converse the first step toward realizing this goal. A system will be offered using existing antenna and RFID technology to charge a mobile phone battery without using wires. In this first step, it will use a standard phones, and combine the charging technology into a commercially available base station. The base station will contain an antenna tuned to 915MHz and a charge pump. In this paper to discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of such a system, and hopefully pave the way for a system incorporated into the phone for charging without the use of a base station.
Reading opens the gate way to an ever increasing find for of information about oneself and his surroundings. Reading is essential for national integration and international understanding too. This article finds about the students engineering college habits on reading skills. Then the article shows that the students of engineering are having reading habit which is differentiated according to their area of interest, students reading style and mode of education in school. It helps them to understand and appreciate the common achievements. The unique contribution is made by the people nation towards the advancement of human culture and civilization and the joys and sufferings shared by the whole human societies. Through reading, it is possible to build sound values and arrive at means and methods for creative living in this machine age. Therefore they would develop their reading skills through reading style, rectifying their problem while reading, method of reading area of interest and taking notes.
Every cluster comprise of a leader which is known as cluster head. The cluster head will be chosen by the sensor nodes in the individual cluster or be pre-assigned by the user. The main advantages of clustering are the transmission of aggregated data to the base station, offers scalability for huge number of nodes and trims down energy consumption. Fundamentally, clustering could be classified into centralized clustering, distributed clustering and hybrid clustering. In centralized clustering, the cluster head is fixed. The rest of the nodes in the cluster act as member nodes. In distributed clustering, the cluster head is not fixed. The cluster head keeps on shifting form node to node within the cluster on the basis of some parameters. Hybrid clustering is the combination of both centralized clustering and distributed clustering mechanisms. This paper gives a brief overview on clustering process in wireless sensor networks. A research on the well evaluated distributed clustering algorithm Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and its followers are portrayed artistically. To overcome the drawbacks of these existing algorithms a hybrid distributed clustering model has been proposed for attaining energy efficiency to a larger scale.
5G–“connect anytime, anywhere, anyhow” promising everywhere network access at high speed to the end users, has been a topic of great interest mainly for the wireless telecom industry. 5G seems to be the solution for the growing user necessities of wireless broadband access and the boundaries of the existing wireless communication system. The wireless industry is busy with the standardization of the 4th generation (4G) cellular networks. 4G wireless system cannot exist in today’s market without standardization. The 4G concept shave already moved to the standardization phase, we must begin to work on the structure blocks of the 5G wireless networks. The major difference, from a user point of view, between current generations and expected 5G techniques must be something else than increased maximum throughput; other requirements include low battery consumption, more secure. We refer to this goal as enabling the 4A’s paradigm i.e. Any rate, Anytime, Anywhere and Affordable. In particular, this paper focuses on the features such as broadband internet in mobile phones with a possibility to provide internet facility in the computer by just connecting the mobile and with a speed of 10Gbps and more. In 5G researches are being made on development of World Wide Wireless Web (WWWW), Dynamic Adhoc Wireless Networks (DAWN) and Real Wireless World.
Wireless sensor networks carry out cooperative activities due to limited resources and nowadays, the applications of these networks are copious, varied and the applications in agriculture are still budding. One interesting purpose is in environmental monitoring and greenhouse control, where the crop conditions such as weather and soil do not depend on natural agents. To control and observe the environmental factors, sensors and actuators are necessary. Under these conditions, these devices must be used to make a distributed measure, scattering sensors all over the greenhouse using distributed clustering mechanism. This paper reveals an initiative of environmental monitoring and greenhouse control using a sensor network.
Capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) is a transducer where the energy transduction is due to modify in capacitance. This paper
anticipated an oscillator based ultrasonic sensors can be mainly used to intravascular applications and other medical field applications such as liver,
stomach, liver, heart, tendons, muscles, and joints. The readout circuits are validated with a capacitive micro machined ultrasonic transducer and a
current-to-frequency chip. The CMOS CMUTs are integrated with a current amplifier circuit on the same chip and current-to-frequency chip that
provides the current-to frequency readout interface. Ultrasound waves does not use any ionizing radiation, has no known harmful effects, and
presents an clear images of soft tissues that don’t show up well on x-ray images, thus there is no radiation exposure to the patient. The ultrasound is
usually between 2 and 18MHz and also higher frequencies present better and clear quality images. The ultrasound images are captured in real-time;
they can show the structure and movement of the body's internal organs, as well as blood flowing through blood vessels. These devices work on a
principle related to that of transducers used in radar and sonar systems. Also, the instance-based output signal can be further digitized with a time-to
digital converter. Both chips are fabricated in an 180nm CMOS MEMS process technology. The CMUTs are designed with 1MHz to 4MHz cells for
intravascular diagnosis applications.
Improving energy efficiency has always been the prime objective of the custom and automated digital circuit design techniques. However, as the field of design automation has matured over the last few decades, there have been no new automated design techniques, that can provide considerable improvements in circuit power, delay. Although emerging nano-devices are expected to replace the existing MOSFET devices, they are far from being as mature as semiconductor devices and their full potential and promises are many years away from being practical. The research described in this dissertation consists of four main parts. First is a new circuit architecture of a differential threshold logic flip-flop called PNAND. The PNAND gate is an edge-triggered multi-input sequential cell whose next state function is a threshold function of its inputs. Second a new approach, called hybridization, that replaces flip-flops and parts of their logic cones with PNAND cells is described. The resulting hybrid circuit, which consists of conventional logic cells and PNANDs, is shown to have significantly less power consumption, smaller area, less standby power and less power variation. Third, a new architecture of a field programmable array, called field programmable threshold logic array (FPTLA), in which the standard lookup table (LUT) is replaced by a PNAND is described. The FPTLA is shown to have as much as 50% lower energy delay product compared to conventional FPGA using well known FPGA modeling tool called VPR. Fourth, a novel clock skewing technique that makes use of the completion detection feature of the differential mode flip-flops is described.
The Allegro Sports is a completely new sensory motor training system taking strength training in sports and sports diagnostic to the next level.
Unprecedented dynamics, super-human resistance and eccentric overload facilities, combined with sophisticated diagnostics and automatic reporting possibilities give a leading edge to trainers and athletes alike for a full scope of training of the legs.
The low latency, interactive system and on board neuromuscular tuning facilities combine neural control, physiological muscle buildup and sports specific metabolic augmentation into one single workout, allowing legal increase in performance on all levels.
The Allegro System Sports' split leg press design using pedals allows uni- and bilateral training, its non-linear guides reduce pressure on the patella.
Top word-class athletes in many disciplines are using the Allegro Sports for training and diagnostics: soccer, ice hockey, skiing, motor sports, cycling, and many more.
The Allegro Sports replaces its predecessor, the Dynamic Leg Press.
The application can be widely used by people in the border to find the appropriate path to reach the destination. The notification will be sent to the border security forces which act as the server to all other devices that are operated by people in ships. The application will notify the information of where the devices are being located and intimate them about the issues that occur due to opponent forces in ships to server. This can act as an incident management application to avoid conflicts at varying situations. This is processed mainly for Tamil fishermen’s who are employed in the borders. The automatic alarming system is going to be provided along with this device which alerts in case any sort of issues. This is devised in such a way that the application can be easily been utilized by all the people in the surroundings. The application operates based on device tracking. This provides ease to operate even for illiterate people.
Macbeth’s mental deterioration is evident from the beginning of the play. He is a victim of his own ambition because he aspires to be king but lacks the strength of character to manage the ambition. In other words, he can do anything to be king but cannot handle the consequences of his actions. His mental deterioration begins at the first act when he emerges from the battlefield triumphantly. The reader gathers that he is a courageous and brave man. He has a combination of conflicting attributes that cause him intense internal turmoil. To begin with, he is a brave young man who has just emerged victorious after a tough battle. He has ambition to become king and this augurs well with his courage. However, he has self-doubt. He lacks the belief in his ability. The three attributes play out in the play to cause an emotional turmoil that contributes to his mental deterioration (Curran 4).
A group of adolescents of standard IX was selected. The average age of the students was 14 to 15 years including 50% each of male and female sex. Then pre-test was conducted to test the knowledge regarding adolescence changes before pretest the selected adolescence group was taken in to confidence and they were given introduction of the subject to be tested. Then the test was conducted and evaluated. it was found that the adolescence students have very less knowledge about puberty, secondary sexual characters, behavioral changes menarche , menstrual cycle and wet dreams in their body of both male and female adolescence. It was observed that adolescence stage needed right scientific knowledge of about inadequate. As per the results obtained in the pretest it was found that, average score of the selected group was 8.6 and for pretest and post-test it was 18.2 respectively. Whereas, the selected group was given right scientific knowledge of puberty, secondary sexual characters, behavioral changes menarche, menstrual cycle and wet dreams in details using charts, clips, lecture and power point presentation. the students were also allowed to ask doubts and questions they had in their mind. There after a post test of same questionnaire was conducted and students answer paper was evaluated and analyzed to formulate the data score it was found that the results of post test score were 18.2 and it was obviously improved 2.5 times as compare to the pretest hence it was concluded that the standard IX students of age group 14 to 15 from rural semi urban and urban India perform very well as compare to the pretest., and the evaluation data is 49.5 %. Hence the impact of adolescence education was very necessary and important for the teenagers.
The paper presents a low Power consumption plays a vital role in the present day VLSI technology. Power consumption of an electronic device can be reduced by adopt changed design styles. Multipliers play a most important role in high concert systems. This project focus on a novel energy efficient technique called adiabatic logic which is based on energy renewal principle and power is compared by designing a multiplier. CMOS technology plays a main role in designing low power consuming devices, compared to different logic family CMOS has less power dissipation. Adiabatic logic method is assumed to be an attractive solution for low power electronic applications. By using Adiabatic techniques energy dissipation in PMOS network can be minimized and selection of energy stored at load capacitance can be recycled instead of dissipated as heat. Tanner EDA tools are used for simulation.
Purpose: Quantitative analysis of steroidal saponin „Diosgenin‟ from methanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam (Drumstick) by HPTLC technique.
Approach: The approach of the study was to find out the presence of Diosgenin from Moringa and then its quantity.
Method: HPTLC analysis was performed with methonolic extract of seeds. Standard Diosgenin curve was used to detect the availability of the steroidal saponin Diosgenin.
Results: 20 μL of sample was applied which showed 159.4084 ng of Diosgenin. About 0.797 % w/v of Diosgenin was estimated form seeds of Moringa in methonolic extract. It was compared with the standard Diosgenin curve.
Conclusions: Moringa oleifera Lam seeds are the source of steroidal saponin- Diosgenin which can be used as female contraceptive to control human population.
Stock return and volatility evidence from indian stock marketROHITH U J
The risk appetite of investors governs their investment in financial instruments. Persons who are minimum risk takers with return generally park their money in secure instruments but people with a higher risk appetite generally invest in a stock market financial instrument to achieve their financial goal. Investors with a higher risk appetite have to measure the market performance in the basis of risk and return so that they can alter their portfolio to keep pace with current market movement. In this research intended to study risk in terms of standard deviation and beta of all sectoral indices of NSE with respect to nifty and their performance in different time horizon and ranked them accordingly in terms of mean return and found out the best performing sector in a given time frame
Abstract: The theoretical relationship of the long-run equilibrium between real exchange rates and interest rate differentials is essentially derived from the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and the uncovered interest parity. However, empirical evidence on this long-run relationship has rather been inconclusive. While several authors are able to establish the long-run relationship between real exchange rates and interest rate differentials other could not found this relationship. The reason for lack of relationship in some of the studies is as a result of omitted variables (Meese and Rogoff, 1988). Therefore, attempt is made in this study to evaluate this relationship between real exchange rate and interest rate differential for the case of Nigeria by controlling for foreign exchange reserves. The paper uses monthly data for the period 1993:1-2012:12 and applies Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model. The estimates suggest the existence of long-run relationship between real exchange rate, interest rate differential and foreign exchange reserves. In the long run, the exchange rate coefficient has a positive effect on the foreign reserves. However, the effect of interest rate differential is negative and statistically significant. On the short run dynamics, the finding indicates a non-monotonic relationship between real exchange rate, interest rate differential and foreign exchange reserves. The out-of-sample forecast indicates a better forecast using ARMA model as all Theil coefficients are close zero for all the horizons used in the model.
The theoretical relationship of the long-run equilibrium between real exchange rates and interest rate differentials is essentially derived from the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and the uncovered interest parity. However, empirical evidence on this long-run relationship has rather been inconclusive. While several authors are able to establish the long-run relationship between real exchange rates and interest rate differentials other could not found this relationship. The reason for lack of relationship in some of the studies is as a result of omitted variables (Meese and Rogoff, 1988). Therefore, attempt is made in this study to evaluate this relationship between real exchange rate and interest rate differential for the case of Nigeria by controlling for foreign exchange reserves. The paper uses monthly data for the period 1993:1-2012:12 and applies Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model. The estimates suggest the existence of long-run relationship between real exchange rate, interest rate differential and foreign exchange reserves. In the long run, the exchange rate coefficient has a positive effect on the foreign reserves. However, the effect of interest rate differential is negative and statistically significant. On the short run dynamics, the finding indicates a non-monotonic relationship between real exchange rate, interest rate differential and foreign exchange reserves. The out-of-sample forecast indicates a better forecast using ARMA model as all Theil coefficients are close zero for all the horizons used in the model.
The bond market plays an important role as an alternative source of financing in the current economic growth. Indonesian government funding through the domestic bond market continues to grow, indicated by the issuance of bonds which tends to increase over time.
Long Run Impact of Exchange Rate on Nigeria’s Industrial Outputiosrjce
While many scholars have carried out a lot of research on the impact of exchange rate volatility and
price shocks on economic growth, this study departs from previous studies and seeks to provide suggestions for
Nigerian policy makers on the attainment of an ideal exchange rate necessary to boost industrialization and
industrial output. The economies of all the countries of the world are linked directly or indirectly through asset
and goods markets. This linkage is made possible through trade and foreign exchange. The price of foreign
currencies in terms of a local currency (i.e. foreign exchange) is therefore important to the understanding of the
growth trajectory of all countries of the world. The consequences of substantial misalignments of exchange rates
can lead to output contraction and extensive economic hardship. These therefore, bring up the issue of an ideal
exchange rate necessary for the achievement of a set of diverse objectives - economic growth, containment of
inflation and maintenance of external competiveness. This study employed the use of the ordinary least square
technique to examine the impact of exchange rate stability on industry output in Nigeria using annual time
series data from 1980 to 2013. The result of the study showed that domestic capital, foreign direct investment,
population growth rate, and real exchange rate were significant determinants of industrial output. The changes
in external balance and inflation were of little or no consequences to industrial output. Based on the findings,
the researcher recommended that conscious efforts should be made by government to fine-tune the various
macroeconomic variables in order to provide an enabling environment that stimulates industrial output and
eventual economic growth.
QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR ECONOMY CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DATA MINING TECHNIQUESIJDKP
Researchers in the quality assurance field used traditional techniques for increasing the organization income and take the most suitable decisions. Today they focus and search for a new intelligent techniques in order to enhance the quality of their decisions. This paper based on applying the most robust trend in computer science field which is data mining in the quality assurance field. The cases study which is discussed in this paper based on detecting and predicting the developed and developing countries based on the indicators. This paper uses three different artificial intelligent techniques namely; Artificial Neural Network (ANN), k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Fuzzy k-Nearest Neighbor (FKNN). The main target of this paper is to merge between the last intelligent techniques applied in the computer science with the quality assurance approaches. The experimental result shows that proposed approaches in this paper achieved the highest accuracy score than the other comparative studies as indicates in the experimental result section.
Inferences from Interest Rate Behavior for Monetary Policy SignalingIOSR Journals
Weak mean reversion of interest rates towards the long term mean suggests high probability of agents in financial markets failing to interpret monetary policy signalling efficiently and financial market related interest rate unable to achieve equilibrium. Increased randomness penetrating interest rate markets is due to the weak monetary policy signalling effect which dilutes information flow from central banks’ to agents in the financial market. In such cases the effectiveness monetary policy erodes as it departs from the objectives of central banks and financial regulators
Vietnam financial service industries are growing and contributing much to the economic development and has been affected by inflation. High and increasing inflation might reduce values of insurance and banking contracts. This paper measures the volatility of market risk in Viet Nam banking, insurance and stock investment industry after this period (2015-2017). The main reason is the necessary role of the financial system in Vietnam in the economic development and growth in recent years always go with risk potential and risk control policies. This research paper aims to figure out how much increase or decrease in the market risk of Vietnam banking, insurance and stock investment firms during the post-low inflation environment 2015-2017, compared to what happened in the financial crisis 2007-2009.First, by using quantitative combined with comparative data analysis method, we find out the risk level measured by equity beta mean in the banking industry has increased whereas the risk fluctuation also increased. Second, stock investment industry has the level of market risk as well as the risk fluctuation decreasing. Third, different from the 2 above industries, insurance industry experienced the level of market risk increasing while the risk volatility decreasing. Then, one of its major findings is the comparison between risk level of stock investment industry during the financial crisis 2007-2009 compared to those in the post-low inflation time 2015-2017. During the financial crisis 2007-09, stock industry has the highest beta value whereas during the post-low inflation time, banking industry maintained the highest value. Finally, this paper provides some ideas that could provide companies and government more evidence in establishing their policies in governance. This is the complex task but the research results shows us warning that the market risk need to be controlled better during the post-low inflation period 2015-2017. And our conclusion part will recommends some policies and plans to deal with it.
In the early twentieth century, major representatives of the Jadid movement became active participants in the socio-political processes in the Turkestan region. Usmonkhoja Polatkhoja, a progressive from Bukhara, was one of the beams not only in the Emirate of Bukhara, but also in Turkestan. He first participated in the reforms and progressives, and later in the national liberation movements, and fought for the prosperity and independence of the country.This article provides information about Usmonkhoja's life and work in Jadidism, revolts, national liberation struggles, and emmigiration.
Flood is one of the natural disaster known to be part of the earth biophysical processes, which its occurrence can be devastating; due to mostly anthropogenic activities and climatological factors. The aim of the research is to identify and map the extent at which the impact of flood due to intense rainfall and rise in water in the study area using geospatial techniques and the specific objectives are to carry out terrain analysis of the study area and to generate flood indicator maps of the study area. The study analyzed rain fall data;, the drainage system and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM 30m) of the area. ArcGIS 10.8 was to modelled and to generate the contributing factors map of the study area. The drainage system was generated through on-screen digitization of topographic map of scale 1:50,000 of Ondo South-West. The mean annual rainfall of Lagos State was generated in the ArcGIS environment from the rainfall data through spatial analysis tool. The SRTM was used in terrain analysis of the study area. The results generated showed the lowest mean annual rain fall of the area 1,700mm and the highest mean annual rain fall was 2,440mm. Digital elevation model (DEM), slope, flow direction were generated from the SRTM. Drainage density of the area was generated using the drainage system. The slope map of the entire area which are classified into five slope classes of very high (14%-48.5%) to high (7.6%-13.9%) to moderately high (4.2%-7.6%) to low (1.5%-4.2%) and very low (0. % - 1.2%).
Work study is a catch-all phrase encompassing a variety of methodologies, including method research and work measurement, that are applied in a variety of contexts and lead to a systematic assessment of all elements that affect the efficiency and economy of the situation under evaluation that is meant to be improved. The main aim of this study is to examine and enhance the process token in manufacturing a Perfume of the famous, well-known, aromatic, and beautiful Taif Roses. Some changes in the process has been suggested using method study and time study method which lead to reduction in process time, labor cost and production cost.
Workers are the maximum precious method of an association. Their importance to institutions requires not most effective the want to draw the trendy bents but additionally the need to preserve them for a long term. This paper specializes in reviewing the findings of former research carried out with the aid of colourful experimenters with the quit to identify determinants factors of hand retention. This exploration almost looked at the subsequent broad factors improvement openings, reimbursement, work- lifestyles balance, operation/ management, work terrain, social aid, autonomy, training and improvement.
Watering plants during the correct time is very important due to scientific reasons. Both underwatering, as well as overwatering, can lead to the growth of unhealthy plants or in extreme cases, the death of the plant/tree. These issues which are the case with most self-gardeners and plant lovers can be solved using the smart irrigation technique. The main purpose of this innovation is to assist plant lovers to continue their passion to grow plants at home with ease. Smart irrigation system helps in monitoring the moisture level which majorly affects plant growth besides other factors such as sunlight, fertility of the soil, etc. The digital planting pot has been designed in a way that it effectively incorporates the idea of smart irrigation. Arduino Uno R3 has been used as the main chip in this project along with a few other components like a soil moisture sensor, relay, and water pump. This project requires coding to synchronize all the components, and function properly. A required test has been carried out to review the functioning of the mechanism. The project was tested by once using the soil with enough moisture in the pot and then the soil with the least moisture. Both times, it worked exactly how it was supposed to function. When the soil with the least moisture was tested, there was a clear indication of a low level of moisture and accordingly, the water pump got triggered to water the plant, and when the soil with enough moisture was tested, there was again the clear indication of the correct level of moisture and the water pump was inactive. All the readings which were displayed on the LCD were checked back and forth during the project. The outcomes were the same as expected. Hence, it shows that every component in this project is actively functioning and the whole project is effectively designed.
Because of its accessibility and flexibility, cloud technology is among the most notable innovations in today's world. Having many service platforms, such as GoogleApps by Google, Amazon, Apple, and so on, is well accepted by large enterprises. Distributed cloud computing is a concept for enabling every-time, convenient, on-demand network access to processing resources including servers, storage devices, networks, and services that may be mutually configured. The major security risks for cloud computing as identified by the Cloud security alliance (CSA) have been examined in this study. Also, methods for resolving issues with cloud computing technology's data security and privacy protection were systematically examined.
This study's goal is to present Solutions for Determining the importance level of criteria in creating cultural resources’ attractiveness from tourists’ evaluation. Data were collected from 558 international tourists who chose Vietnam as the destination for tourism.
The study points out that we need to resolve challenges such as: building a safe, friendly destination, etc., destinations need to review and re-evaluate the services of their products and tourist attractions to prepare for the largest number of visitors and stimulate the domestic tourism market is a good solution: To boost the domestic tourism market, it is necessary to increase domestic flights and train connections to major tourist destinations.
A new convenient and efficient route for the synthesis of two very important hydroxo-bridged stepped-cubane copper complexes viz: [Cu4(bpy)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (1) and [Cu4(phen)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (2) have been obtained. This synthetic route from the mononuclear CubpyCl2 complex is easier, more reproducible and afforded the complex in a much higher yield than the other two previously reported procedures which were equally serendipitously discovered. The purity and formation of the complexes were confirmed with elemental (C,H,N) analysis and the details of the UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared, electrospray ionization mass spectra of both complexes and the single crystal X-ray crystallography of 1 are presented and discussed. X-ray crystallography confirms the absolute structure of the complexes. The complexes were formed via the connection of four copper atoms to four hydroxide bridging ligands and four bipyridyl ligands with two chloride ligands. There are two coordinate environments around two pairs of copper atoms (CuN2ClO2 and CuN2O3) and each copper atom is pentacoordinate with square pyramidal geometry.
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., which is commonly known as jackfruit is a tropical fruit, belonging to Moraceae family, native to Western Ghats of India and common in Asia, Africa, and some regions in South America. It is known to be the largest edible fruit in the world. The Jackfruit is an extremely versatile and sweet tasting fruit that possess high nutritional value. Jackfruit is rich in nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. The jackfruit has diverse medicinal uses especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties, anticancer and antifungal activity, anthelminthic activity. Traditionally, this plant is used in the treatment of various diseases especially for treatment against inflammation, malarial fever, diarrhoea, diabetes and tapeworm infection. Jackfruit is a good natural source of phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids and tannins, saponins. The health benefits of jackfruit have been attributed to its wide range of physicochemical applications. The use of jackfruit bulbs and its parts has also been reported since ancient times for their therapeutic qualities. The beneficial physiological effects may also have preventive application in a variety of pathologies.
Myogenic differentiation requires to be exactly explored for the effective treatment of fracture. The speed of healing is affected by skeletal muscle, linked to activation of specific myogenic transcription factors during the repair process. In previous study, we discovered that psoralen enhanced differentiation of osteoblast in primary mouse. In the current study, we show that psoralen stimulates myogenic differentiation through the secretion of factors to hone the quality of repair in fractured mice. 3-month old mice were treated with corn oil or psoralen followed by a tibial fracture surgery. Fractures were tested 7, 14, and 21 days respectively later by histology and images observation. Skeletal muscles including soleus muscle and posterior tibial muscle around the damaged bone were collected for quantitative real-time PCR, HE staining, as well as western blot. Daily treatment with psoralen at seven, fourteen days or twenty-one days improves protein or mRNA levels responsible for the whole myogenic differentiation process, makes the muscle fibers more tightly aligned, and promotes callus formation and development. This data shows that high levels of myogenic transcription factors in the process of fracture healing in mice foster the repair of damaged muscles, and indicates a pharmacological approach that targets myogenic differentiation to improve fracture repair. This also reflects the academic thought of "paying equal attention to both muscles and bones" in the prevention and treatment of fracture healing.
The current pandemic has generated the search for new reliable and economic alternatives for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which produces the COVID-19 disease, one of the recommendations by the World Health Organization, is the detection of the virus by RT-qPCR methods from upper respiratory tract samples. The discomfort of the pharyngeal nasopharyngeal swab described by patients, the requirement of trained personnel, and the generation of aerosols, are factors that increase the risk of infections in this type of intake. It is known that the main means of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through aerosols or small droplets, which is why saliva is important as a relevant means of detecting COVID-19. In this study, a modified method based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA release from saliva is described, avoiding the isolation and purification of the genetic material and its quantification of viral copies; the results are compared with paired pharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab samples (EF/EN). Results showed good agreement in saliva samples compared to EF/EN samples. On average, a sensitivity for virus detection of 80% was demonstrated in saliva samples competing with EF/EN samples. The use of saliva is a reliable alternative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by means of RT-PCR in the first days of infection, having important advantages over the conventional method. Saliva still needs to be studied completely to evaluate the detection capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, however, the described process is viable, due to the decrease in materials and supplies, process times, the increment in the sampling and improvement of laboratory performance.
A recent study establishes that since 1970, there has been an ecological gap between human needs and the planet's resources, with annual resource demand exceeding the bio-productivity of the planet. Specifically, humanity utilises equivalent of 1.75 earths to produce the ecological resources used, with half of this attributable to food consumption. The present work therefore seeks to provide an empirically-based insight into the environmental sustainability of the EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used, and primary data were collected from 400 systemically sampled households via structured questionnaires and analysed descriptively using Microsoft Excel and inferentially using mathematical models for calculating ecological footprints. Findings revealed that the household EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode is 0.05gha per capita, with the footprint of cereal consumption (0.17gha; 37%) taking the major share, followed by meat with a footprint of 0.11gha (23.9%). As a result, it was concluded that Ijebu Ode has sustainable food consumption, which is necessary for its environmental sustainability. However, the sustenance of the former requires creating awareness of the need for sustainable consumption and prioritisation of integrated and population-wide policies and food intervention initiatives to encourage attitudinal change in favour of sustainable food consumption while fostering sustainable food production strategies amidst current environmental realities.
The symmetry occurs in most of the phenomena explained by physics, for example, a particle has positive or negative charges, and the electric dipoles that have the charge (+q) and (-q) which are at a certain distance (d), north or south magnetic poles and for a magnetic bar or magnetic compass with two poles: North (N) and South (S) poles, spins up or down of the electron at the atom and for the nucleons in the nucleus In this form, the particle should also have mass symmetry. For convenience and due to later explanations, I call this mass symmetry or mass duality as follows: mass and mass cloud. The mass cloud is located in the respective orbitals given by the Schrödinger equation. The orbitals represent the possible locations or places of the particle which are determined probabilistically by the respective Schröndiger equation.
Metal-organic molybdenum complexes were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using ammonium heptamolybdate as the metallic source, and as the organic ligand terephthalic acid (BDC) or bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), obtained via glycolysis of poly(ethylene)terephthalate (PET). The BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo complexes were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TGA, ATR-FTIR, SEM, XPS and their in vitro biocompatibility was tested by porcine fibroblasts viability. The results show that molybdates (MoO4-2) are coordinated to the carbonyl functional groups of BDC and BHET by urea bonding (-NH-CO-NH-) which is related to their high biocompatibility and high thermal stability. These organic molybdate complexes possess rectangular prism particles made up of rods arrays characteristics of molybdenum oxides (MoO3). The organic complexes BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo do not show to be cytotoxic for porcine dermal fibroblasts growing on their surface for up to 48 h of culture.
Exercise training with varying intensity increases maximal oxygen intake (VO2max), a strong predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Purpose: The aim of this study was to find out the influence of low intensity aerobic training on the vo2 max in 11 to 14 years school girls in Hyderabad district. Methodology: The research scholar has randomly selected thirty (N=30) high school girls were selected as subjects and their age ranged between 11 to 14 years. The subjects were divided into two equal groups, each group consist of 15 total 30. Group one acted as experimental group (EG) and group two acted as control group (CG). The dependent variable vo2 max was selected and it is measured by manual test. Statistical Tool: The statistical tool paired sample ‘t’ test was used for analysing of the data and the obtained ‘t’ ratio was tested for significance at 0.05 level of confidence. Results: The analysis of the data revealed that there was a significant improvement on vo2 max by the application of low intensity aerobic.
Hybrid rice has the potential to outperform existing inbred rice and was said to have the potential to produce 14-20 % more yield. In response, Malaysia Government has introduced its very own first Hybrid Rice Variety knew as Kadaria 1 developed by MARDI. This is in line with one of the strategies outlined in Dasar Agromakanan Negara (DAN) 2011-2020 as an approach to increasing rice productivity within Malaysia. The next step would be developing our hybrid seed rice production system. Therefore, an experiment to determine the planting ratio and planting distance between 0025A (A)-a hybrid with MR283 (R)-inbreed variety was carried out. Planting ratios studied in this study were 2:4, 2:6, 2:8, and 2:10 while planting distance was 14 x 30 cm, 16 x 30 cm, and 18 x 30 cm. Statistical analyses suggested that yield R, yield A, and panicle number A were significantly affected by planting ratios while yield A was significantly affected by an interaction between planting distance and planting ratios. Panicle number A performed significantly higher at planting ratios of 2:4 compared to 2:10. Yield R shows higher significant performance under ratio 2:6 compared to 2:4 and 2:8. Relatively, yield A performed the best under planting distance of 18 x 30 cm. Furthermore, under this particular planting distance, the planting ratio of 2:10 shows the highest significant figure while 2:8 exhibits statistical parity. Both yield R and yield A were significantly affected by planting ratios and have a significant positive association with each other. Therefore, the planting ratio of 2:10 should be the best since it contributed to significantly highest value for yield A while yield R under 2:10 shows statistical parity with 2:6 which was the highest significant value. In conclusion, the combination of 2:10 with a planting distance of 18 x 30 cm was the best since it shows best potential for both yields A and yield R
Cassava plays an important role in improving food security and reducing poverty in rural areas. Despite its importance, its production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries. Nowadays, it is confronted with numerous constraints. It is in this context that a study was conducted on the cassava production system in the Thiès "cassava granary" region, with the objective of examining farmers' cultivation practices. It was conducted in eight communes located in the department of Tivaouane, some of which are located in the Niayes agro-ecological zone and others in the central-northern groundnut basin. Surveys were conducted among the largest cassava producers in these communes. Analysis of the results showed that cassava is only grown in the rainy season with the same cultivation practices that have been used for years. Of the five varieties listed by the President of the Senegalese Cassava Interprofession, only four are grown in the areas surveyed. The Terrasse (43%) and Kombo (36%) varieties are grown more by our respondents in the Niayes area. Soya (75%) and Wallet "Parydiey" (20% of our sample) dominate in the central-northern groundnut basin.
Cassava plays an important role in improving food security and reducing poverty in rural areas. Despite its importance, its production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries. Nowadays, it is confronted with numerous constraints. It is in this context that a study was conducted on the cassava production system in the Thiès "cassava granary" region, with the objective of examining farmers' cultivation practices. It was conducted in eight communes located in the department of Tivaouane, some of which are located in the Niayes agro-ecological zone and others in the central-northern groundnut basin. Surveys were conducted among the largest cassava producers in these communes. Analysis of the results showed that cassava is only grown in the rainy season with the same cultivation practices that have been used for years. Of the five varieties listed by the President of the Senegalese Cassava Interprofession, only four are grown in the areas surveyed. The Terrasse (43%) and Kombo (36%) varieties are grown more by our respondents in the Niayes area. Soya (75%) and Wallet "Parydiey" (20% of our sample) dominate in the central-northern groundnut basin.
We are witnessing very demanding and stressful times in which we live, and an occupation that is particularly exposed to stress and different working conditions is the job of a nurse. Exposing themselves to everyday challenges and stressful situations, nurses reach a stage of great emotional and physical exhaustion, lethargy, dissatisfaction, and poorer work achievements, which we know as burnout. The aim of this paper was to determine whether there is and to what extent professional burnout is present in nurses and technicians working in nursing homes across Slovenia and Croatia. The paper is answering the questions of the extent of the burnout influenced by individual characteristics (age, education, years of service and work experience at the current workplace). The study involved a validated questionnaire “The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI)” to measure professional burnout. Surveying of the nurses was conducted online at their home institutions. The results show that all respondents have a medium or high level of professional burnout, while no one has a low level or shows no signs of burnout. In terms of age, the group from 55-65 years of age had the highest relative level of burnout in the age group category. With regard to education, the highest burnout was measured in registered nurses.
Hepatitis B and C are one of the most commonly transmitted viral infections through needlestick injury apart from HIV. It is highly prevalent in India and many other developing countries. It accounts for high mortality rate globally amongst low socio-economic groups of individuals. Healthcare workers, especially dental professionals are at higher risk of infection due to high exposure to saliva, blood and sharps. Accidental occupational exposure to non-sterile conditions and its development to more critical and fatal conditions can be reduced through vaccination, prophylactic medications and practicing high safety measures.
This review article focuses on transmission of hepatitis through sharps injuries in medicine, especially dentistry, its prevention, management, post-exposure prophylaxis and the corresponding content.
More from Associate Professor in VSB Coimbatore (20)
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
A Global Perspective of Varying Interest Rates in International Markets
1. Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST)
Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 50-55, February 2017
2017 AJAST All rights reserved. www.ajast.net
Page | 50
A Global Perspective of Varying Interest Rates in International Markets
Dr. Arijit Maity#
#
Associate Professor, Management Department, Budge Budge Institute of Technology, India. Email: dr.arijitmaity@gmail.com
Article Received: 07 February 2017 Article Accepted: 16 February 2017 Article Published: 21 February 2017
1. INTRODUCTION
The entire interest on an amount lent or borrowed typically
depends on the principal sum, the interest rate, the
compounding frequency and the overall length of time over
which it is lent, deposited or borrowed. It is arbitrarily
well-defined, as the proportion of an amount loaned which a
lender charges as interest to the borrower, is typically
articulated as an annual percentage. It is the rate, a bank or
additional lender charges to borrow its money, or the rate a
bank pays its savers for keeping money in an account. Annual
interest rate is the rate over a period of one year. Other interest
rates smear over different periods such as a month or a day,
but they are frequently annualized [4-6].
International interest plays a key role towards their economy,
which has been a regulating measure for the monetary policy
of the economy. The market fluctuations with international
cross currencies vary according to the impact with monetary
policies of their country, and interest rate is one of the fiscal
policy used to regulate the monetary measures of the
economy. The interests with the banks are fixed by the
corresponding central banks to regulate the money flow of the
country [7-9]. Forex, diminutive for the Global Foreign
Exchange Market is the leading single financial market in the
globe. Job Monkey comprises a segment on this theme
because Forex trading could be completed just about
anywhere with an Internet connectivity.
Numerous traders are able to make extra money over and
above what their real-job delivers - occupied from home.
Likewise, called the Currency Exchange, the FOREX is the
financial field where currencies from dissimilar nations are
exchanged for one another (with the corresponding of over 4
trillion dollars shifting hands daily according to the FX
Street). Forex is not a corporal market like the AMEX
(American Stock Exchange) or the NYMEX (New York
Mercantile Exchange) but more of a global network of unified
banks, investments firms, hedge funds, currency traders,
supplementary financial and banking entities. Due to the
absence of a physical exchange, the FOREX market functions
on a full 24-hour time period crossing from one time zone to
alternative zone in all the chief financial centers. There are
three key economic zones that incorporate the Forex market:
Australasia (Australia and Asia), Europe and North America.
This organization permits the participants in the Forex market
to trade at any time of day.
The paper has been organized as follows. An introduction to
interest rate and monetary policies towards international
markets has been entailed in Section I. A detailed literature
review carried out by various authors in the vicinity of this
research work has been discussed in Section II. Volatility on
the basis of fundamental analysis of interest rate has been
discussed in Section III. The volatility on the basis of
fundamental analysis unemployment claims has been
elaborated in Section IV. The inspections and suggestions
about the monetary policy and interest rate have been entailed
in Section V. Finally, Section VI concludes the paper
artistically.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The research works carried out in [1] analyzed the monetary
policy and its impact with interest rates of Nigeria from
2007-2012. The data has been collected form monthly time
series data that are received from central banks. The
conclusion is that, continuous use of monetary tools to
maintain the price stability with the market provides a desired
yield with medium term and long term monetary policy goals.
The research works in [2] evidenced that, reframing of policy
executed by interest-rate aiming might unintentionally
persuade martingale-like behavior in nominal rates and
inflation. The authors also explained the reason why the
central bankers prefer continuity of the short rate and indirect
rate targeting. The research works done in [3] analyzed the
ABSTRACT
An interest rate is the quantity of interest due per period as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited or borrowed. The first aim of this study is to
know about the interest rates prevailing with countries and to analyze the impact of interest rate towards international currency pairs. For this
purpose, the currencies of four countries have been taken and they were compared with the interest rate to know their impact. The conclusion clearly
reveals that the interest rate changes has an impact towards the market in mid and long term basis with all the currencies taken for the study. Monetary
policy is the mechanism by which the monetary authority of a country regulates the supply of money to ensure the price stability and general trust in
the currency. The second aim of the study is to analyze the impact of monetary policy and its impact on international markets. The study is all about
analyzing the volatility of Forex market in different GMT’S. The need of the study is to know about the price variations in different timings of the
market when there is day shift process accordingly. This type of research design has been undertaken for analytical design since the pricing
movements of bullion markets are analyzed.
Keywords: Interest rate, international market, volatility, monetary policy and investor.
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transmission for monetary policy by analyzing the interest
rate, and found out that there is a relationship between repo
rate and interest rate, and concluded that the interest rate have
normally adjusted line with repo rates.
The works carried out by Ramon P.De Gennaro assessed the
influence of market action and news on the volatility of
returns in the exchange market for Japanese Yen and US
dollars. They inspected the consequences of news on the
volatility before, during and after the news arrival by using
three categories of news. Market activity is proxied by the
quote arrival, and separated into a predictable seasonal
component and an unexpected component. The results
specified that both the components of market activity as well
as news releases affect the volatility levels. The finding is that,
unexpected quote arrival certainly impacts the foreign
exchange rate volatility and is reliable with the understanding
that the unexpected quote arrival serves as a measure of
informed trading. Validating this interpretation is the
regression analysis which designates that, the spreads
increase in the surprise component of the quote arrival rate
but not in the expected component. The assessed impact of a
unit increase in unexpected quote arrival and the range of
values determined for this variable imply an imperative
volatility conditioning role for the informed trading.
The works done by Ben Omrane described the impact of nine
classes of scheduled/unscheduled news announcements on the
euro/dollar return volatility. Their work analyzed the
pre-announcement, contemporaneous and the
post-announcement reactions. Using this high-frequency
intraday data and within the framework of ARCH-type
models, their work clearly showed that volatility rises in the
pre-announcement periods particularly before scheduled
events.
3.FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS OF INTEREST RATES
Fig.1. Minimum Bid Rate of Euro
Figure 2 shows the unemployment claims of five years and the
impact of price of last five years. The interest rate was high as
4.25% in the year 2013 and the price seems to be deprecated
due to lag of fiscal measures, and within one year the interest
rate was decreased to 0.75% and the impact was also found to
be positive trend, and there was an appreciation of price in the
market [10, 11].
Fig.2. Five Year Chart for Euro
Fig.3. US FED Funds Rate
Fig.4. Five Year Chart for US Dollar
The US bank interest rate, otherwise called as Fed fund rate is
being governed by the central bank of US for maintaining the
interest rate to control the inflation. The interest rate was high
as 5% in the year 2012. Figure 4 shows the individual Index
price of US dollar, where the increase in price of the money
shows that the economy is in developing stage, and if it
decreases the value for money will also be decreasing. Here
the value has decreased because of the increase in the interest
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rate of the country, but the market is range-bound where the
tool doesn’t make any impact in the economic slowdown [12].
Fig.5. Canadian Overnight Rate
Fig.6. Five Year Chart for Canadian Dollar
The Canadian interest rate is otherwise called as overnight
rate, which has been governed by the central bank of Canada.
The interest rate was high as 4.25 in between mid of 2007 to
2012. The value of the market also got depreciated at the same
time, and after 2012 the interest rate was reduced to 0.25 in
the year 2014 and the value for money got appreciated at the
same time, which evidently show that there is an obedience
level for the market using interest rate as a fundamental
analysis under consideration (figure 6) [13].
Fig.7. GBPUSD Interest Rate
Fig.8. Five Years Data for GBPUSD
The Pound interest rate is otherwise called as Official bank
rate which has been governed by the central bank of UK. The
interest rate was high as 5.75 in the year 2012 and was
reduced to 0.5 from 2013, and maintained the same
percentage of interest till date without any change. The value
of the market also got depreciated at the same time, and after
2012 the interest rate was reduced to 0.5 in the year 2014 and
the value for money got appreciated at the same time, which
evidently show that there is an obedience level for the market
using interest rate as a fundamental analysis (figure 8) [15].
4. FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS UNEMPLOYMENT
CLAIMS
Fig.9. Unemployment Claims of EURO
Fig.10. Five Year Chart for EURO
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Figure 9 shows the unemployment claims of five years and the
impact of price of the last five years. From the year 2014, the
unemployment claims were high which increased from 9% to
11%, and during that time the market came up to 1.4950 and it
came down in the year 2011 to a low level of 1.2550. It shows
that there was a slow impact in the market when the
unemployment claim increased in the year 2014.
Fig.11. Unemployment Claims of US Economy
Fig.12. Five Year Chart for US Dollar
Figure 11 shows the unemployment claims of five years of US
Dollar and the impact of price of the last five years. From the
year 2013, the unemployment claim was high as 600 thousand
peoples and the impact of that particular year was on 2014,
and after the recovery in the year 2011, the unemployment
claims slowly reduced to 400 thousand people.
Fig.13. Unemployment Claims of Canadian Dollar
Fig.14. Five Year Chart for Canadian Dollar
In the year 2013, the unemployment claims raised to a high
level of 8.4% from 6.4%, which shows that the economy is in
down trend. During that year, the volatility was very low and
the price movement was in a consolidation stage, and after the
recovery in employment the market came down and now there
is a chance of appraisal in the market (Figure 13).
Fig.15. Unemployment Claims of Australian Dollar
Fig.16. Five Year Chart for Australian Dollar
In the year 2012, the unemployment rate has been reduced
thereby the economic factors showed that the economy can go
in upper trend which might lead to increase in GDP of the
country, and in the year 2012 the value of Australian dollar
appreciated when compared to US dollar, but after 2012 the
employment claims have been increased thereby the value
depreciated simultaneously (Figure 15).
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5. EXAMINATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In US economy, from the year 2013 the unemployment claim
was high at 600 thousand peoples and the impact of that
particular year was on 2014, and after the recovery in the year
2011 the unemployment claims slowly reduced to 400
thousand people. The US interest rate was reduced from 5%
to .25% P.A from 2007 to 2013, thereby the market came
down after reducing the interest rate.
It reveals that there was a perfect correlation between the
market and interest rate. In Canadian economy, the volatility
was very low and the price movement was in a consolidation
stage after the recovery in employment the market came down
and now there is a chance of appraisal in the market. In
Australian economy, the market came down slightly to a low
level of 0.9300 and got raised to a new high level from there.
Though the unemployment claim was not reduced, still the
market is in high level. It shows that there is something
fundamentally effecting more than unemployment claims in
Australian market.
In Japanese Yen, in the year 2013 the unemployment claims
raised to a high level of 4.2 from 5.6%, which shows that the
economy is in down trend. During that year, the market rose
slightly and came down from a high level of 101.10 to a low
level of 74.40, because of increase in unemployment claims in
the country and the company has reduced the claims to an
extent and there is a chance of uptrend in the market. There is
a huge correlation between the unemployment claims and
market movements in Japanese Yen. With Euro, the interest
rate was high at 4.25% in the year 2013 and the price seems to
be deprecated due to lag of fiscal measures, and within one
year the interest rate was decreased to 0.75% and the impact
was also found to be in positive trend, where there was an
appreciation of price in the market.
With US dollar, the interest rate was high as 5% in the year
2012. The value decreased due to increase in the interest rate
of the country. In Canadian dollar, the interest rate was high as
4.25 in between mid of 2007 to 2012. The value of the market
also got depreciated at the same time, and after 2012 the
interest rate was reduced to 0.25 in the year 2014 and the
value for money got appreciated which shows that there is an
obedience level for the market using interest rate as a
fundamental analysis. With Australian dollar, the interest rate
was high as 4.25 in between mid of 2007 to 2012. The value
of the market also got depreciated at the same time, and after
2012 the interest rate was reduced to 0.25 in the year 2014 and
the value for money got appreciated at the same time which
shows that there is an obedience level for the market using
interest rate as a fundamental analysis.
With pound, the interest rate was high as 5.75 in the year 2012
and was reduced to 0.5 from 2013 and maintained the same
percentage of interest till now without any change. In US
economy, from the year 2013 the unemployment claim was
high as 600 thousand peoples and the impact of that particular
year was on 2014, and after the recovery in the year 2011 the
unemployment claims slowly reduced to 400 thousand
people. The US interest rate was reduced from 5% to .25%
P.A from 2007 to 2013. It shows that there was a perfect
correlation between the market and interest rate. In Canadian
economy, during that year the volatility was very low and the
price movement was in a consolidation stage after the
recovery in employment the market came down, and now
there is a chance of appraisal in the market. In Australian
economy, during that year the market came down slightly to a
low level of 0.9300 and it raised to a new high level.
Though the unemployment claim was not reduced, still the
market is in high level. It shows that, there is something
fundamentally effecting more than unemployment claims in
Australian market. In Japanese Yen, in the year 2013 the
unemployment claims raised to a high level of 4.2% from
5.6%, which shows that the economy is in down trend. During
that year, the market rose slightly and came down from a high
level of 101.10 to a low level of 74.40, because of increase in
unemployment claims in the country and the company has
reduced the claims to an extent and there is a chance of
uptrend in the market.
6. CONCLUSION
The market fluctuations with international cross currencies
vary according to the impact with monetary policies of their
country, and interest rate is one of the fiscal policies used to
regulate the monetary measures of the economy. The interests
of the banks are fixed by the corresponding central banks to
regulate the money flow of the country. The study analyzes
about the interest rates of various countries and their impact
on currency pairs. The main conclusion is that the interest rate
changes has an impact towards the market in mid and long
term basis with all the currencies taken for the study. The
study analyzed about the volatility of markets and how to
trade on the basis of volatility with different time factors and
also the fundamental analysis involved in the market. The
major conclusion is that they can buy and sell the pairs based
on the volatility rather than preferring fundamental analysis
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