The document describes research on developing an expert system using forward chaining to diagnose diseases in tamarillo plants. Key points: - Researchers created an expert system to help farmers diagnose diseases in tamarillo plants based on visible symptoms, as information on tamarillo diseases is currently limited. - The expert system uses forward chaining reasoning techniques to develop rules based on symptom identification to determine pest or disease. - Common tamarillo plant diseases include viral infections, powdery mildew, bacterial attack, aphids, caterpillars, and mites. The expert system analyzes symptoms that appear on the plant to diagnose the issue. - The system aims to provide easily accessible information to

1. The 6th
International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM 2018)
Inna Parapat Hotel – Medan, August 7-9, 2018
A Forward Chaining Trace Analysis In Diagnosing
Tamarillo Disease
Mikha Dayan Sinaga, Bob Subhan Riza, Juli Iriani, Ivi Lazuly, Daifiria, Edy Victor Haryanto S
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
Universitas Potensi Utama
Jl. K.L. Yos Sudarso Km. 6,5 No. 3A – Medan, 20241, Indonesia
Abstract— In the development of science found some search
techniques, one of them is forward chaining. advanced chaining
tracing techniques can be used to analyze certain diseases, both
human, animal, and plant diseases. Reasoning is made of
symptoms that appear physically to the tamarillo plant. Based on
these symptoms made the rules that then become a knowledge
base that will be applied to the inference machine to find out
what the disease experienced by the tamarillo plant. The results
of this program indicate that expert systems can be used as a
medium that can provide information about tamarillo plants.
This expert system can be used to speed up the search and access
to knowledge by people who need information.
Keywords— Expert System, Forward Chaining, Tamarillo,
Knowledge Based.
I. INTRODUCTION
Expert system is one component of artificial intelligence
that works like an expert but can not replace human
intelligence. It supports the experts in making decisions.
Sometimes in turn is used as a knowledge-based system and is
a computer software that makes decisions like an expert. the
advantage of expert systems is the use of traditional
programming languages and not dependent on the code, and
also on data stored in different locations called knowledge
bases. For this reason, expert systems do not need to be
programmed because domain knowledge changes over time or
from experts to expert knowledge. In real situations,
intelligent systems are applied in different decision-making
processes from medical activities to intelligent decision-
making purposes [1].
Community or farmer knowledge of pests or viruses that
can attack tamarillo plant disease is still lacking, because
information concerning pests and viruses tamarillo plant is
still small. For that reason researchers feel the need to create
an expert system that can diagnose diseases caused by pests or
viruses from tamarillo plants, so it can help the tamarillo
farmers.
The designed expert system will be equipped with
advanced chaining tracing techniques. the search techniques
applied in this system will produce rules that will serve as a
benchmark in detecting pests or diseases from tamarillo plants.
the advanced chaining trace technique begins by identifying
the symptoms that appear on the physical plant of tamarillo.
From these symptoms can be drawn a conclusion of pests
or diseases suffered by tamarillo plants.
II. RELATED WORK
To give more prespective about expert system, this
section describes and examines previous work done in field of
expert system.
S Abu Naser, Abed ELhaleem Ahmad El-Najjar “An
expert system for nausea and vomiting problems in infants and
children” says a proposed expert system was presented for
aiding Physicians in diagnosing patients with possible Nausea
and Vomiting in Infants and Children [1].
A.A.L.C. Amarathunga, et al “Expert System For
Diagnosis Of Skin Diseases” says that an expert system can be
used to diagnosing Skin Disease. In this expert system while
administrator managing the information of skin disease,
symptoms, medical treatment suggestions and it prepared
statement to view the summery about Skin Disease [2].
Avneet Pannu, M. Tech Student “Survey on Expert System
and its Research Areas” says that Expert system will continue
to play an increasingly important role in the various fields. In
the survey done in this paper biomedical, automobile and
agriculture areas comes under the diagnosis and the other
areas such as education that uses the fuzzy logic comes under
the decision area of expert system [3].
Monish Kumar Choudhury, Neelanjana Baruah “A Fuzzy
Logic Based Expert System For Determination Of Health Risk
Level Of Patient” says that a fuzzy expert system for
determination of the risk level of patient, which can be used
in any situation when it is necessary to predict the health
status of patient. The designed system can be used by the
doctor or by the patient himself [4].
C. F. Tan, et al “The Application Of Expert System: A
Review Of Research And Applications” says that Modern
businesses, academicians, scientists, engineers, manufacturers
or individual were recommended to compile resources and
expertise data which significantly will benefit other people.
For companies, it could be the master storage the knowledge
and operation expertise in keeping survival the operation of
the company and eliminate a problem hiring or replacing
human
experts [5].

2. The 6th
International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM 2018)
Inna Parapat Hotel – Medan, August 7-9, 2018
Dr. Nadeem Ahmed, et al “Role of Expert Systems in
Identification and Overcoming of Dengue Fever” says that In
computer science, systems that can solve a specific problem
and can reason rationally are known as Expert Systems. These
systems require knowledge of the relevant problem and
techniques to infer the result in order to make decision. In
recent years, different researchers have proposed different
expert systems for identification, prescribe medicine and
overcoming Dengue disease. These expert systems use
different technique for getting better result like Bayesian
Belief Network (BBN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN),
Fuzzy inference and Hybrid learning algorithm for ANIS [6].
Ayangbekun Oluwafemi J, Jimoh Ibrahim A. “Expert
System for Diagnosis Neurodegenerative Diseases” says that
an expert system in Healthcare management hospitals presents
as one of the best applications for deriving meaningful
diagnosis of human health challenges. From the study, this
application serves as a model tool that will enable hospitals to
effectively monitor patients‟ medical records without
ambiguity. This will provide a great reduction in the hours
wasted in most conventional hospitals without this tool [7].
III. RESEARCH METHODS
The inference engine in forward chainning uses the
information specified by the user to move the logic and and or
until the object is specified. If the inference engine can not
determine the object it will ask for other information.
Therefore, to achieve the object must meet all the rules. One
method that can be applied in an expert system is the forward
chaining method. Forward chaining is also called reasoning
from the bottom up. A chain that is sought or traversed from a
problem to obtain the solution is called forward chaining.
Another way of describing forward chaining is by reasoning
from fact to conclusion derived from fact [8].
Forward Chaining is a method of searching / retrieving
conclusions based on existing data or facts leading to
conclusions, tracing begins with existing facts and moving
forward through the bottom up reasoning premises [9].
Fig 1. Forward Chaining Reasoning
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Tamarillo Plant
From its Latin name, can be seen not one genus with
eggplant (Solanum sp.). Tamarillo comes from the Andes
Mountains in South America, particularly in Peru, then spread
to regions such as Chile, Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina and
Colombia. In Indonesia tamarillo is common in North Sumatra
[10].
Tamrillo is a fruit that contains nutrients and vitamins that
are very important for the health of the human body such as
anthocyanin, carotenoids, vitamins A, B6, C and E and rich in
iron, potassium and fiber. tamarillo has a low sodium content.
The average tamarillo has a calorie of less than 40 calories (±
160 kilojoules) [10].
These trees include pest-resistant attacks. The main pests
that often attack are aphids (aphids), leaf-eating caterpillars
(Spodoptera Litura), mites and root-knot nematodes
(Meloidigyne spp) are also harmful and together with the virus
will lead to stunted and unproductive plants. High
temperatures and humidity will make things worse. How to
control it with Folidol or the like, so no harm to those who
consume [10].
The main diseases that attack tamarillo plants according
to fruit plant research centers are: [10]
1. Viral infections, among others tamarillo mosaic
viruses, cucumber mosaics, Arab mosaics and one or
more unidentified viruses. These viruses spread
rapidly causing the decline of tamarillo gardens.
Healthy plants should be planted as far as possible
from older trees. Prevention of the virus can be done
by closely watching the cleanliness of the orchard
and its vector eradication is the main way to prevent
the virus.
2. The most disturbing fungal disease is powdery
mildew. If the attack is severe, it will cause old
leaves to fall out early. This disease can be overcome
by regular treatment of sulfur or a more specific
fungicide. Another alternative is to maintain a
sufficiently high growth rate to replace the lost
leaves.
3. Bacterial attack caused by Pfeudomonas syringae.
B. Needs Analysis
The expert system detects the disease of this Tamarillo
plant performing advanced searches of visible symptoms to
obtain diagnostic results. Therefore we need clear symptom
data to be able to give the right diagnosis result.
Tamarillo plants have about 7 diseases or pests such as
aphids, caterpillars, mites, bacterial wilt, fruit rot, dew fungus
and viruses. All diseases or pests are analyzed based on the
symptoms that appear on the plant. If there are no visible
symptoms in the plant it can be concluded that the Tamarillo
plant is healthy. To investigate the disease in Tamarillo plants
does not require lab tests, because the diseases of the
Tamarillo plant have symptoms that appear directly. The
following data from the symptoms of Tamarillo plant disease
based on research conducted as in table 1 below: [11]

3. The 6th
International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM 2018)
Inna Parapat Hotel – Medan, August 7-9, 2018
TABLE I
DATA DISEASES AND SYMPTOMS
No Diseases / Pests Criteria
1 Flea Leaf
- Make the leaves roll up
- Make the leaves become curly
- There are lice on the leaves.
2 Leaf Caterpillar - Hole leaves
3 Mite
- The leaves have brownish or
black spots
4 Bacterial Wilt
-The plants become withered
suddenly
5 Rotten Fruit - Fruit has brownish spots
6 Dew fungus
- There are white grains like flour
on a leaf
7 Virus
-Tree becomes dwarf (slow
growth)
- Small fruit
- The leaves are falling
C. Presentation of Facts and Rules
Presentation of facts and rules for the detection of
diseases in Dutch plants is made into the form of tables as
follows:
TABLE II
RULES
No Rules
1
IF Making the leaves rolled is True
AND Make curly leaves is True
AND Dislike pressure is True
THEN Fleas Leaves
2
IF Hollow Leaf is True
THEN Caterpillar Leaves
3
IF Leaves have brownish or black red spots is True
THEN Mites
4
IF Crops withered suddenly is True
THEN Layu Bakteri
5
IF There are brownish spots on the leaves is True
THEN Rotten Fruit
6
IF There are white grains like flour on leaves is True
THEN Dew Fungus
7
IF Tree becomes dwarf (slow growth) is True
AND Small fruit is True
AND Leaves falling is True
THEN Virus
D. Testing Result
One of the results of system testing can be seen in the
following table.
TABLE III
TESTING RESULT
From table above after being entered the answer on the
expert system program found the type of aphids disease. This
is because of the question items more directed to the existing
rule in accordance with the disease aphids.
V. CONCLUSION
Based on the research and discussion conducted, it can be
concluded as follows:
1. By using forward chaining method then the process
of disease analysis on tamarillo plant. can be done, so
it will produce a rule base that can be used to trace
diseases or pests that can attack tamarillo plants.
based on apparent symptoms.
2. the application of advanced chaining tracing
techniques will produce rules that can be used as a
reference in detecting or diagnosing pests and
diseases of tamarillo plants.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank Universitas Potensi
Utama for their advice and financial support. The authors also
thank to patients who are willing to provide data related to
diseases caused by salmonella bacteria.
REFERENCES
[1] Abu Naser, Samy S., and Abed ELhaleem A. El-Najjar.
"An expert system for nausea and vomiting problems in
infants and children." (2016).
Question Answer
What is Rolling Leaves? Yes
Are There Lice Looks On Leaves? Yes
What is Curly Leaves? Yes
Does Leaves Look Hollow? No
Does On Leaf Look Red or Brown Or Black
Spots?
No
Is the Plant Experiencing the Woods
Suddenly?
No
Are There Fruits Available in White Grains? No
Does the Tree Not Increase Big (dwarf)? No
Is the Fruit Small? No
Are the Leaves Falling? No
Is There Fruit There Are Brown Spot? No
Leaf lice disease. Solution: Set the planting time, Crop
rotation, Use of natural enemies such as Parasitoid
Aphelinus gossypi (Timberlake), Lysiphlebus testaceipes
(Cresson). Predators Coccinella transversalis and
Entomopatogen Fungus Neozygites fresenii

4. The 6th
International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM 2018)
Inna Parapat Hotel – Medan, August 7-9, 2018
[2] Amarathunga, A. A. L. C., et al. "Expert system for
diagnosis of skin diseases." International Journal of
Scientific & Technology Research 4.1 (2015): 174-178.
[3] Pannu, Avneet. "Survey on expert system and its
research areas." International Journal of Engineering
and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) 4.10 (2015): 104-
108.
[4] Choudhury, Monish Kumar, and Neelanjana Baruah. "A
Fuzzy Logic-Based Expert System for Determination of
Health Risk Level of Patient." International Journal of
research in Engineering and Technology 4.5 (2015):
261-267.
[5] Tan, C. F., et al. "The application of expert system: A
review of research and applications." ARPN
International Journal of Engineering and Applied
Sciences 11.4 (2006): 2448-2453.
[6] Ahmed, Nadeem, et al. "Role of Expert Systems in
Identification and Overcoming of Dengue
Fever." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 8.10
(2017): 82-89.
[7] Ayangbekun Oluwafemi, J., and A. Jimoh Ibrahim.
"Expert system for diagnosis neurodegenerative
disease." International journal of computer and
information technology4.4 (2015): 694-698.
[8] Muhammad Arhami, 2005. “Konsep Dasar Sistem
Pakar”. Yogyakarta : Andi.
[9] Gusti Ayu, K.T, Rosa Delima And Umi Proboyekti
(2009). “Penerapan forward chaining pada program
diagnosa anak penderita autisme”. Jurnal Informatika,
Volume 5 Nomor 2, hal 46 - 60.
[10] Enda Wahyuni, 2007. Analisis Kelayakan Investasi
Pengusahaan Terong Belanda. Skripsi. Institut Pertanian
Bogor. Bogor.
[11] Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah, 2014. Desa Tongkoh
Berastagi.