In modern economic world income plays a very vital role in every one’s daily life.
Investment has been one of the major concerns for the Non-institutional investors as
their today’s small savings would be meeting with the expenses of tomorrow. The risk
and returns proportion from each of these investment options varies from one to
another. Investor’s behavior plays an important role in investment decision making,
which is influenced by many a factors during the process of investment decision
making. Today, investors have many avenues of investment with different features to
cater their present and future needs. The focus of this paper (non-institutional
investors), unlike institutional investor, suffers from various sort of perception while
deploying their funds due to their low investible funds, risk taking capacity, low
investment education and their exposure to evaluate the available information. This
situation of the non-institutional investors motivates to study as these investors are the
finest source of small savings in investment set-up of the country. This paper presents
a conceptual framework for research on investment determinants among noninstitutional investors to be carried out further by the researchers.
Investor behavior in the stock market – Rational and Irrational perspectivesRohit Bedi
This research involves the study of buying and selling behavior of the Indian investor from both rational and irrational perspectives. The research involves collection of primary data through a questionnaire. The questionnaire has general questions related to investors’ preferences regarding their investment decisions and questions related to the influence groups which affect their investment behavior.
Impact of Financial Knowledge of Investors Investment Making Decisionsijtsrd
The objective of the study is to find the impact of financial knowledge of investors on their investment making decisions. Investors are said to rational but due to the human nature, biasness comes into picture while making investment decisions. Financial literacy and financial knowledge are taken as an imperative terms for regulating human nature of investors while making essential investment decisions The study was conducted on 150 investors in the city of PUNE. The data was collected through structured questionnaire and data so obtained was analyzed with the help of SPSS software. Sunil Deshpande | Dr. Sanjay Patankar "Impact of Financial Knowledge of Investors Investment Making Decisions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42536.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/42536/impact-of-financial-knowledge-of-investors-investment-making-decisions/sunil-deshpande
A Study on Investment Pattern of Investors on Different ProductsProjects Kart
A study on investment pattern of investors on different products in India using the questionnaires to understand how salaried employees investment pattern and preferences towards different products. Read more on www.projectskart.com for information. An investment refers to the commitment of funds at present, in anticipation of some positive rate of return in future. Today the spectrum of investment is indeed wide. An investment is confronted with array of investment avenues. Among all investment, investment in equity is in best high proportion. This is because the history of stock market is booming and bursts overnight millionaires, an instant pauper.
Investor behavior in the stock market – Rational and Irrational perspectivesRohit Bedi
This research involves the study of buying and selling behavior of the Indian investor from both rational and irrational perspectives. The research involves collection of primary data through a questionnaire. The questionnaire has general questions related to investors’ preferences regarding their investment decisions and questions related to the influence groups which affect their investment behavior.
Impact of Financial Knowledge of Investors Investment Making Decisionsijtsrd
The objective of the study is to find the impact of financial knowledge of investors on their investment making decisions. Investors are said to rational but due to the human nature, biasness comes into picture while making investment decisions. Financial literacy and financial knowledge are taken as an imperative terms for regulating human nature of investors while making essential investment decisions The study was conducted on 150 investors in the city of PUNE. The data was collected through structured questionnaire and data so obtained was analyzed with the help of SPSS software. Sunil Deshpande | Dr. Sanjay Patankar "Impact of Financial Knowledge of Investors Investment Making Decisions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42536.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/42536/impact-of-financial-knowledge-of-investors-investment-making-decisions/sunil-deshpande
A Study on Investment Pattern of Investors on Different ProductsProjects Kart
A study on investment pattern of investors on different products in India using the questionnaires to understand how salaried employees investment pattern and preferences towards different products. Read more on www.projectskart.com for information. An investment refers to the commitment of funds at present, in anticipation of some positive rate of return in future. Today the spectrum of investment is indeed wide. An investment is confronted with array of investment avenues. Among all investment, investment in equity is in best high proportion. This is because the history of stock market is booming and bursts overnight millionaires, an instant pauper.
A Study of Behavioural Factors Affecting Individual Investment Decisionsijtsrd
Although finance has been studied for thousands of years, behavioral finance which considers the human behaviour in finance is a pretty new area. Behavioral finance theories, which might be based totally at the psychology, try to apprehend how feelings and cognitive mistakes impact man or woman traders' behaviour buyers referred to on this look at are referred to person traders .The primary goal of this have a look at is exploring the behavioral factors influencing person buyers' selections on the NSE and BSE Stock Exchange. Furthermore, the members of the family among these elements and funding overall performance also are tested. The have a look at begins with the present theories in behavioral finance, based totally on which, hypotheses are proposed. Then, those hypotheses are examined via the questionnaires dispensed to individual buyers on the Broking Firms, college students and professionals. The data collected from the Stock Broking firms, Students, Professionals through structured questionnaire were examined and data collected were analyzed using Cronbachs Alpha Reliability Test, based totally on which, hypotheses are proposed. The result indicates that there are 5 behavioral elements affecting the funding selections of person investors at the NSE and BSE Stock Exchange Herding, Market, Prospect, Overconfidence gamble's fallacy, and Anchoring ability bias. Most of these elements have mild impacts whereas Market element has high affect. This test also tries to discover the correlation among these behavioral factors and investment overall performance. Among the behavioral factors referred to above, best 3 elements are located to influence the Investment Performance Herding inclusive of shopping for and promoting choice of trading shares extent of buying and selling stocks velocity of herding , Prospect such as loss aversion, remorse aversion, and mental accounting , and Heuristic inclusive of overconfidence and gamble's fallacy . The heuristic behaviors are determined to have the highest advantageous impact at the investment overall performance while the herding behaviors are stated to persuade undoubtedly the investment overall performance on the lower degree. In assessment, the possibility behaviors provide the negative impact on the funding overall performance. Pawankumar S Hallale | Manjiri Gadekar "A Study of Behavioural Factors Affecting Individual Investment Decisions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/28100/a-study-of-behavioural-factors-affecting-individual-investment-decisions/pawankumar-s-hallale
A Study on Investors Perception towards Mutual Fund Investments (With Special...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This examination on Investors acknowledgment
towards and late improvement and headway of Mutual Fund
premiums in Alwar city goes under the board an area of
organization publicizing. In the wide thought of organization
publicizing it exclusively centers around the exhibiting of cash
related organization specifically basic resources. Well ordered
Indian budgetary market is getting the chance to be engaged
and the supply of various fiscal instruments ought to be in
parity to the premium perspectives of the monetary
authorities. The prime drive of any hypothesis is to get most
extraordinary returned with a base danger and normal
resources allow to the budgetary masters. The examination
gives an information into the sorts of risks which exist in a
mutual save plan. The data was assembled from shared save
budgetary authorities similarly as non basic store examiners of
this industry. The investigation bases on the association
between theory decision and factors like liquidity, cash related
care, and demography. It was found commonly safe resources
and liquidity of store plot are having influence on the
budgetary authority's acumen for placing assets into the
mutual save. With the more broad thought of the distinctive
components of organization publicizing, thing care, mark
tendencies, and money related authority's satisfaction are the
specific regions of the examination. The other displaying limits
like thing progression publicize division, channels of
exhibiting, thing life cycle, scale headway procedures and their
impact of Marketing are completely disposed of from the audit
of this examination. So likewise the availability of substitute
aftereffect of normal hold units and their impact on this
organization thing it also rejected in the examination. In
reality, even in the normal store monetary authorities lead also
the researcher concentrate only the urban theorists and their
anxiety for this examination work. The rustic speculator's
perspectives are totally barred from the investigation.
Equity Research primarily means analyzing company's financials, perform ratio analysis, forecast the financial in excel (financial modeling) and explore scenarios with an objective of making BUY/SELL stock investment recommendation.
0601012 fundamental aanalysis on icici bankSupa Buoy
Hi Friends
This is supa bouy
I am a mentor, Friend for all Management Aspirants, Any query related to anything in Management, Do write me @ supabuoy@gmail.com.
I will try to assist the best way I can.
Cheers to lyf…!!!
Supa Bouy
The Risk and return analysis is important to equity shares investors in the share
market. The need of equity shares at the time of preliminary stage of company or
bank to raising fund for establish company and starting a business. The equity share
holder is an actual owner of company or bank.
Factors Influencing Investment Decisions of Retail Investors- A Descriptive S...inventionjournals
Investment decisions have gained importance due to the general increase in employment opportunities and economic development of a nation. Awareness of investment avenues has led to the ability and willingness of working people to save and invest their funds for returns, in that perspective this study was conducted. The volatile behaviour of markets has challenged the hypothesis of efficient markets which motivates ones to understand the driving forces behind it. It is the major concern for academicians, investors and portfolio managers to understand the reasons causing irrationality in the markets. This paper uses the theory of behavioural finance to examine the factors influencing investment decisions of individual investors. From the extensive literature review, it was found that there is no single factor which influences the investment decisions of an individual. Moreover factors influencing investment decision varies from time to time, place to place, person to person, securities to securities etc. It was suggested that the policy makers of investment avenues must consider all the variables and its impact on the investors investment decisions while introducing any investment avenues to the market.
A Study of Behavioural Factors Affecting Individual Investment Decisionsijtsrd
Although finance has been studied for thousands of years, behavioral finance which considers the human behaviour in finance is a pretty new area. Behavioral finance theories, which might be based totally at the psychology, try to apprehend how feelings and cognitive mistakes impact man or woman traders' behaviour buyers referred to on this look at are referred to person traders .The primary goal of this have a look at is exploring the behavioral factors influencing person buyers' selections on the NSE and BSE Stock Exchange. Furthermore, the members of the family among these elements and funding overall performance also are tested. The have a look at begins with the present theories in behavioral finance, based totally on which, hypotheses are proposed. Then, those hypotheses are examined via the questionnaires dispensed to individual buyers on the Broking Firms, college students and professionals. The data collected from the Stock Broking firms, Students, Professionals through structured questionnaire were examined and data collected were analyzed using Cronbachs Alpha Reliability Test, based totally on which, hypotheses are proposed. The result indicates that there are 5 behavioral elements affecting the funding selections of person investors at the NSE and BSE Stock Exchange Herding, Market, Prospect, Overconfidence gamble's fallacy, and Anchoring ability bias. Most of these elements have mild impacts whereas Market element has high affect. This test also tries to discover the correlation among these behavioral factors and investment overall performance. Among the behavioral factors referred to above, best 3 elements are located to influence the Investment Performance Herding inclusive of shopping for and promoting choice of trading shares extent of buying and selling stocks velocity of herding , Prospect such as loss aversion, remorse aversion, and mental accounting , and Heuristic inclusive of overconfidence and gamble's fallacy . The heuristic behaviors are determined to have the highest advantageous impact at the investment overall performance while the herding behaviors are stated to persuade undoubtedly the investment overall performance on the lower degree. In assessment, the possibility behaviors provide the negative impact on the funding overall performance. Pawankumar S Hallale | Manjiri Gadekar "A Study of Behavioural Factors Affecting Individual Investment Decisions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/28100/a-study-of-behavioural-factors-affecting-individual-investment-decisions/pawankumar-s-hallale
A Study on Investors Perception towards Mutual Fund Investments (With Special...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This examination on Investors acknowledgment
towards and late improvement and headway of Mutual Fund
premiums in Alwar city goes under the board an area of
organization publicizing. In the wide thought of organization
publicizing it exclusively centers around the exhibiting of cash
related organization specifically basic resources. Well ordered
Indian budgetary market is getting the chance to be engaged
and the supply of various fiscal instruments ought to be in
parity to the premium perspectives of the monetary
authorities. The prime drive of any hypothesis is to get most
extraordinary returned with a base danger and normal
resources allow to the budgetary masters. The examination
gives an information into the sorts of risks which exist in a
mutual save plan. The data was assembled from shared save
budgetary authorities similarly as non basic store examiners of
this industry. The investigation bases on the association
between theory decision and factors like liquidity, cash related
care, and demography. It was found commonly safe resources
and liquidity of store plot are having influence on the
budgetary authority's acumen for placing assets into the
mutual save. With the more broad thought of the distinctive
components of organization publicizing, thing care, mark
tendencies, and money related authority's satisfaction are the
specific regions of the examination. The other displaying limits
like thing progression publicize division, channels of
exhibiting, thing life cycle, scale headway procedures and their
impact of Marketing are completely disposed of from the audit
of this examination. So likewise the availability of substitute
aftereffect of normal hold units and their impact on this
organization thing it also rejected in the examination. In
reality, even in the normal store monetary authorities lead also
the researcher concentrate only the urban theorists and their
anxiety for this examination work. The rustic speculator's
perspectives are totally barred from the investigation.
Equity Research primarily means analyzing company's financials, perform ratio analysis, forecast the financial in excel (financial modeling) and explore scenarios with an objective of making BUY/SELL stock investment recommendation.
0601012 fundamental aanalysis on icici bankSupa Buoy
Hi Friends
This is supa bouy
I am a mentor, Friend for all Management Aspirants, Any query related to anything in Management, Do write me @ supabuoy@gmail.com.
I will try to assist the best way I can.
Cheers to lyf…!!!
Supa Bouy
The Risk and return analysis is important to equity shares investors in the share
market. The need of equity shares at the time of preliminary stage of company or
bank to raising fund for establish company and starting a business. The equity share
holder is an actual owner of company or bank.
Factors Influencing Investment Decisions of Retail Investors- A Descriptive S...inventionjournals
Investment decisions have gained importance due to the general increase in employment opportunities and economic development of a nation. Awareness of investment avenues has led to the ability and willingness of working people to save and invest their funds for returns, in that perspective this study was conducted. The volatile behaviour of markets has challenged the hypothesis of efficient markets which motivates ones to understand the driving forces behind it. It is the major concern for academicians, investors and portfolio managers to understand the reasons causing irrationality in the markets. This paper uses the theory of behavioural finance to examine the factors influencing investment decisions of individual investors. From the extensive literature review, it was found that there is no single factor which influences the investment decisions of an individual. Moreover factors influencing investment decision varies from time to time, place to place, person to person, securities to securities etc. It was suggested that the policy makers of investment avenues must consider all the variables and its impact on the investors investment decisions while introducing any investment avenues to the market.
A synopsis of Final research Report ON Investors' preference on various Investment Avenues in India.
A research report will be generated at the end of the final period evaluating the hypothesis of the reasearch
A Study on Factors Influencing Investment Decision Regarding Various Financia...ijtsrd
In the current era of financial inclusion, digitalization and economy driving towards a faster pace, the investors are very much concerned about their savings which can be transferred into investments. The main purpose of investment is to maximize the returns out of it with minimum expenses and risk. There are various factors which affect the investment decision like demographic factors and behavioural biases which decides the type, tenure, amount of the investment. This paper explores that return, advice, tax benefit, liquidity risk appetite of the investors altogether plays a significant part in influencing the investors. Is there any impact of demographic factors like age, gender and income on factors influencing investment decision tried to find out. The results show that factors influencing the investment decision are influenced by income level not by age and gender. Dr. Ankit Jain | Mr Raj Tandel "A Study on Factors Influencing Investment Decision Regarding Various Financial Products" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33678.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/33678/a-study-on-factors-influencing-investment-decision-regarding-various-financial-products/dr-ankit-jain
5_Saurabh-Agarwal-Sarita v.pdf a study on portfolio management & financial se...vaghasiyadixa1
This research report about portfolio management & financial sector including all the requirements of making research report as per University required.
A Study on Investors' Perception Towards Mutual Funds and its Scopes in Indiaijtsrd
This study on Investors perception towards and recent development and progress of Mutual Fund investments. The mutual fund investors behaviors also the researcher concentrates only the urban investors. The rural investor`s views are completely excluded from the study. The mutual fund investments in relation to investors behavior. Investors opinion and perception has been studied relating to various issues like type of mutual fund scheme, investors opinion relating to factors that attract them to invest in mutual funds. Different investment avenues are available to investors. Mutual funds also offer good investment opportunities to the investors. Like all other investments, they also carry certain risks. The investors should compare the risks and expected yields after adjustment of tax on various instruments while taking investment decisions. M. Rangeela | Dr. G. Balamurugan"A Study on Investors Perception Towards Mutual Funds and its Scopes in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10950.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/10950/a-study-on-investors-perception-towards-mutual-funds-and-its-scopes-in-india/m-rangeela
TRADING AND DEMAT BEHAVIOUR OF ACCOUNT HOLDERS IN THE TIRUCHIRAPPALLI CITYIAEME Publication
Investments are now a requirement if you want a secure future. There are several ways to invest, including bank schemes, gold, real estate, post services, mutual funds, etc. The core of the capital market in developing nations like India is comprised of investors. To do this, more savings must be directed onto business sectors. There is a lot of focus on investment as the main tool for a nation's economic development and progress. People invest their money with a variety of goals in mind, including profit, security, appreciation, and stable income. With the aid of stock brokerage companies, many consumers with demat accounts can trade shares electronically at a stock market. The majority of them just seldom and infrequently trade. They might not for a variety of reasons. Investors play a significant role in the stock market since they invest a significant portion of their savings there. Stock regulators should never disregard the logical trading behaviour of stock traders. The current study, whose goal is to ascertain the investing behaviour of those who possess demat and trading accounts in the city of Tiruchirappalli, gains significance in this direction. This study tries to identify additional reasons why investors stop or delay trading and to offer any solutions that could be available.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
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A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH ON INVESTMENT DETERMINANTS AMONG NON-INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS
1. http://www.iaeme.com/JOM/index.asp 74 editor@iaeme.com
Journal of Management (JOM)
Volume 6, Issue 2, March – April 2019, pp. 74–80, Article ID: JOM_06_02_009
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/JOM/issues.asp?JType=JOM&VType=6&IType=2
ISSN Print: 2347-3940 and ISSN Online: 2347-3959
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR
RESEARCH ON INVESTMENT
DETERMINANTS AMONG
NON-INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS
Mukesh Kumar Jakhar
Research Scholar, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota
Dr. R. K. Motwani
Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies,
Government Engineering College, Ajmer
ABSTRACT
In modern economic world income plays a very vital role in every one’s daily life.
Investment has been one of the major concerns for the Non-institutional investors as
their today’s small savings would be meeting with the expenses of tomorrow. The risk
and returns proportion from each of these investment options varies from one to
another. Investor’s behavior plays an important role in investment decision making,
which is influenced by many a factors during the process of investment decision
making. Today, investors have many avenues of investment with different features to
cater their present and future needs. The focus of this paper (non-institutional
investors), unlike institutional investor, suffers from various sort of perception while
deploying their funds due to their low investible funds, risk taking capacity, low
investment education and their exposure to evaluate the available information. This
situation of the non-institutional investors motivates to study as these investors are the
finest source of small savings in investment set-up of the country. This paper presents
a conceptual framework for research on investment determinants among non-
institutional investors to be carried out further by the researchers.
Key words: Non-institutional investors, investment patterns, Investment objectives,
Investment determinants
JEL Classification: D19, G14
Cite this Article: Mukesh Kumar Jakhar and Dr. R. K. Motwani, A Conceptual
Framework for Research on Investment Determinants among Non-Institutional
Investors, Journal of Management, 6(2), 2019, pp. 74–80.
http://www.iaeme.com/JOM/issues.asp?JType=JOM&VType=6&IType=2
2. Mukesh Kumar Jakhar and Dr. R. K. Motwani
http://www.iaeme.com/JOM/index.asp 75 editor@iaeme.com
1. INTRODUCTION
The non-institutional investors are the investors who do not have access to detailed
information about economic development. Non- institutional investors face a lot of problems
due to inadequate knowledge, rural orientation, lack of investment skills, lack of information,
etc. An investment is the current guarantee of money and the hope of securing future benefits.
It also involves the diversion of resources from current consumption. Investment in equity
desires a close study of assorted factors of an organization before investment in it. The
institutional investors analyze the various factors which are to be studied before investing in
equities but the non-institutional investors traditionally, with their several limitations, do not
appraise the company before investing in shares. However, with rising degree of awareness
and a number of other capitalist awareness programmers conducted by completely different
broking homes as a region of their capitalist friendly image building strategy and typically to
comply with the necessary provisions of regulative bodies, even small scale and infrequent
investors have started considering different factors those influence the likely performance of
the company they are investing in.1
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The study carried out by Kaur and Vohra2
(2012) found that investment strategies adopted by
various categories of investors due to their varied level of knowledge. The motivation behind
making investments by an investor is complex in nature and depends upon variety of factors.
The individual investor‟s decision to invest in the market is broadly influenced by the variety
of benefits. Investing in various types of equity is an attractive activity that attracts people
from all walks of life.
Karthikeyan and Ramprasath3
(2013) explained the individual investors‟ behaviour
towards select investments in the study mainly focused on investor classification, investment
avenues, investor behaviour and investment decision. Investors prioritise the investment
avenues that give better returns. The investors choose multiple investment avenues at a time.
In the study many types of investment avenues were described including post office small
savings schemes, bank deposits, company deposits, life insurance, mutual funds, Government
bonds, shares, debentures, bullion (gold, silver) and real estate. The research concluded that
the investors give most importance to the safety factor and, thus, investment options such as
bank deposits, life insurance policies and precious metals are preferred by the individual
investors.
Rao and Chalam4
(2013) in their study described the theoretical background of
independent variables on investment decision by equity retail investors. The researchers
described that investors have various avenues of investment with different features matching
their needs. The study used four-point scaling technique, average score analysis and Wallis H-
Test were obtained to analyse the responses of the retail equity investors.
The research of Goyal and Sharma5
(2014) was based on investment behaviour of middle
income group towards different kind of investment avenues. The study is important from the
as Indian economy is one of the rapidly growing economics of the world where more than
50% people belong to middle class and lower class with their annual income up to rupees 10
lacks (according to NCAER‟s definition). The study emphasised the middle class population
as the key element for economic development of India. They found that growth in economy
and, thus, growth in per capita income of low class and middle class need to be studied with
regard to increase in inflation rate.
Motwani6
(2013) in his research described fundamental determinants of equity investment
among infrequent small-scale investors. Investment in equity needs a holistic study of various
factors those play an important role in good financial performance of a company. The
3. A Conceptual Framework for Research on Investment Determinants among Non-Institutional Investors
http://www.iaeme.com/JOM/index.asp 76 editor@iaeme.com
researcher identified the reasons because of which small investors do not appraise the
company before investing in shares while institutional high net worth investors analyzes the
same factors which need to be studied before investing in equities. This study was an attempt
to find how the infrequent small investors consider the different fundamental determinants
while making equity investment decision. The study concluded that the infrequent small-scale
investors do consider some of the fundamental determinants of a company before
investments.
3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The key objective of the study is to identify and prioritise the factors influencing investment
decisions of the retail investors in the Indian Capital Market Further, to compare how these
factors relate to the socio-economic characteristics of the investors in Rajasthan. The
objective of the study can be elaborated as:
3.1 Identifying factors influencing the investment decisions in equity market.
3.2 Identifying factors that motivate the investors to invest in equity market.
3.3 To know whether the investment determinants are common for institutional and non-
institutional investors.
3.4 To explain the reasons why determinants are uncommon between institutional and non-
institutional investors.
3.5 To find out whether the investment determinants differ across the different categories of
non-institutional investors based on demography.
3.6 To explore the possibility of developing a model that helps non-institutional investors in
appraising the factors, which are otherwise overlooked.
4. NEED TO STUDY NON-INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS
EXCLUSIVELY
The non-institutional investors usually invest small funds for varied time horizon. They have
less than average know-how of principles and procedures of investments. This makes them a
follower investor, which mostly results in loss as they cannot decide whom and how to
follow. Their access to needed information is also limited. These are some of the reasons why
non-institutional investors need to be studied exclusively particularly when the determinants
of investments are concerned. Following are some of characteristics, which makes them
distinct and support for exclusive study:
4.1. Frequency
It is an established fact that the investors who feel more competent tend to trade more
frequently than investors who feel less competent. The frequency of trading by non-
institutional investors is found to be relatively low, which in turn, affects the comfort and
confidence in investments.
4.2. Size of Investment
The size of investments made by non-institutional investments is low as they tend to invest
their own money only. They do not hold the leveraged portfolios.
4. Mukesh Kumar Jakhar and Dr. R. K. Motwani
http://www.iaeme.com/JOM/index.asp 77 editor@iaeme.com
4.3. Percentage of Investable Funds to Total Available Funds
The ratio of investible funds to total available funds is also low in case of non-institutional
investors. Unlike the institutional investors, they invest a little amount to risky investment
options.
4.4. Level of Diversification
The decision regarding diversification with regard to non-institutional investors is usually
limited to including some stocks apart from bank deposits and other like risk-free options or
the options with least risk. Cost of diversification also plays a critical role in investment
decisions by them.
4.5. Technical Limitations
Institutional investors usually have greater flow of information and better access to financial
markets that makes them technically sound to make faster and more accurate decisions. The
scenario is exactly opposite in case of non-institutional investors who are less informed and
updated.
4.6. Access to Real-Time Information
Real-time information access involves two requirements for enterprise systems. First, the
latest data available is taken into investment when answering a query. And second, the
response time of a query is so low that it does not obstruct the workflow of the user.
Accessing the latest data is important for any investment decision linked to a fast-paced
investment process. The real time information is a dream for non-institutional investors due to
their access to information as well as quick response to information.
4.7. Cost of Transactions and Holding
The cost for making investment like brokerage, account charges etc. are high for non-
institutional investors as compared to institutional investors whose cost per transaction and
other maintenance cost are very low. Some of the institutional investor, due to their position
in financial markets, enjoys negligible cost in this regard.
4.8. Different Preferences in Investment Objectives
The preferences of non-institutional investors in terms of selection of investment options,
investment horizon, tax implications etc. are totally different from those of institutional
investors.
5. IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING NON-INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS
Studying non-institutional investors exclusively becomes important while looking at their role
in total investments in economy. It is also important to keep and build their trust in investment
setup of the country and to support the endeavours of policy makers to shift small individual
savings from bank to stock markets.
5.1. Role of Non-institutional investors in total economy
The presence of non-institutional investors is perceived to be short of what is should be. A
survey of household saving and investment behaviour conducted by NCAER7
in 2011 found
that households investing in bonds, debentures, equity instruments, mutual funds and
derivatives totalled 24.5 million and constituted 10.74 per cent of all households in the
country. The proportion of investor households was nearly 21 per cent in urban areas and 6
per cent in rural areas. Of these investors 43 per cent showed a preference for mutual funds,
5. A Conceptual Framework for Research on Investment Determinants among Non-Institutional Investors
http://www.iaeme.com/JOM/index.asp 78 editor@iaeme.com
22 per cent were exposed to bonds and debentures, another 22 per cent to the secondary
market, 10 per cent invested in IPOs and less than 4 per cent in derivatives. In sum, though a
significant share of investor households were exposed to the secondary equity market, they
amounted to only 2.4 per cent of all households, with that figure falling to just above 1 per
cent in terms of exposure to IPOs.
Non-institutional investor‟s presence appears smaller when assessed relative to
population. A study by De, Sankar and Gondhi, Naveen R. and Sarkar, Subrata3
estimated
that there were around 2.02 million retail investors in India, which was small relative to the
Indian population (0.2 per cent).8
other evidence also shows that Non-institutional investors
constitute a miniscule share of the population. Thus, the study by De et al using a database
covering transactions of all 755 stocks traded on the NSE between January 1, 2005 and June
30, 2006 found that the number of retail investors who engaged in at least one trade in this 18-
month period was 2.5 million or 0.22 per cent of the Indian population. Many of these
investors were retail participants from small towns that were not part of the top 50 cities in the
country. Thus, retail participation among the „tax-paying middle class‟ seems substantially
higher than revealed by figures on retail participation relative to the population of Indian
economy.
5.2. Keep and Building Trust Regarding Investment setup of Country
The role of non-institutional investors in investment setup of a country cannot be denied.
Despite of several limitations, these investors keep contributing in total savings of the country
and thus, investments. The trust of this category of investors in stock market and overall
investment setup decide the overall direction of the market, thus, their behaviour need to be
studied exclusively.
5.3. Supporting Endeavours of Policymakers to Shift Savings of Non-institutional
Investors from Banks to Stock Market
There is a constant emphasis of policy makers to improve transparency in dissemination of
information related to non-institutional investors‟ investment, creating awareness about
investment planning, investor education programmes and strengthening the system to resolve
investors‟ grievances with a view to shift the small savings of these investors from bank to
financial markets. These efforts can be supported by studying investment behaviour of these
investors.
6. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
This study is an attempt to identify the factors, which non-institutional investors consider
while investing in any equity. The research will be based on survey of non-institutional
investors of Rajasthan state selected based on the judgment of the researcher through
questionnaire. The respondent who understands the fundamental determinants of investments
will only be selected as a sample. Unsuitable questionnaires rejected due to multiplicity of
ratings for one question and other reasons will not be considered in the study.
In order to quantify the extent to which these factors influenced their investment decision
respondents will be asked to assign the relative importance of each factor. A rating of five
denotes the strongest influences, a rating of one denotes the weakest influence and a rating of
zero denotes no influence. The ratings will subsequently be averaged to calculate mean scores
for each factor. Each factor‟s average rating will be evaluated to understand the importance of
specific factor that affects the equity investment decisions of non-institutional investors.
6. Mukesh Kumar Jakhar and Dr. R. K. Motwani
http://www.iaeme.com/JOM/index.asp 79 editor@iaeme.com
7. FACTORS INFLUENCING NON-INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS
DECISIONS
Availability of Funds: It is prime factor which influences Non-institutional Investors
Decisions the most. Most of the investors of this category don‟t have huge funds to be
invested. A large amount of these investors are not regular in chosen time horizon due to
irregular income.
Economic status: It is a reason of worry as per capita income is very low. The earning
members of a family is only one or two, hence the amount available for savings is very less or
nil.
Social and Religious factor: The society do not motivates heavily for investment a social or
cultural scenario in Rajasthan is very expensive if it is compared with Gujarat and few other
states of the country.
Educational Status: There is lack of investment education among Non-institutional investors,
as well as lacking with the basic education also. However a pleasing development has been
seen in this area.
Local economic factors: Size of the local market and the demand generated by the local
purchasing power Influences on the non-institutional investor decision.
Risk of an investment: The risk taking attitude is very low. Most of the investors want to play
safe. This always restricts the diversification investment portfolio.
Tax Aspects of investments: It is again a question that how many of the investors of this
category files income tax. A large amount of Non-institutional investors is not interested in
higher tax savings instruments like ELSS, ULIP etc but are more demanding towards Bank
fixed deposits, investment in real estate, investment in gold etc.
Investment horizon: Non-institutional investors generally don‟t go beyond a time horizon of 3-
5 years. ULIP polices of most of the insurers are not reaching to the maturity because it takes
average 15-20 years, which is very far compared to the mind set of 3-5 years.
8. CONCLUSIONS
The discussion above clearly reveals how different the non-institutional investors are from
intuitional investors. Their distinct objectives, ability to plan investments and execute
procedures, access to meaningful information, and level of technical knowhow from
institutional investors make them a class apart in the overall investment setup of any
economy. At the same time their role in economy cannot be overlooked. This kindles the need
of studying this category of investors exclusively as they are the source of small savings in
investment set-up of the country. This paper presents a conceptual framework for research on
investment determinants among non-institutional investors to be carried out further by the
researchers.
REFERENCES
[1] Motwani RK, “Fundamental Determinants of Equity Investments among Infrequent Small
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