A case study on bio fuel stove technology jatropha as a bio fuel
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This document presents a case study on using Jatropha oil as a biofuel for stoves in Nepal. It describes the physical properties of Jatropha oil compared to kerosene. The objectives were to test using pure Jatropha oil for burning. A wick stove was modified with multiple cotton wicks and a 1.5 liter fuel tank. Testing showed the fuel transported well for the first 5 cm but slowed beyond 7 cm, demonstrating pure Jatropha oil's viability as stove fuel without blending with kerosene.
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In the continuous desire to find suitable alternative, renewable and biodegradable source of oil for commercial diesel Luffa aegyptiaca oil was converted into biodiesel through transesterification reaction using heterogeneous hydrotalcite particles from MgO/Al2O3/Kaolin clay as catalyst and methanol as solvent at controlled reaction conditions. The characterization results of pure Luffa aegyptiaca oil and biodiesel samples was obtained and compared: moisture content 0.0045 %-0.0034 %, ash content 0.00 %-0.02 %, saponification value 194.5 - 61.43, acid value 9.65-0.144, freezing point 5.00 - 30.00 min, pour point 5.00-3.00 min, density 0.969 g/mL-0.889 g/mL, while the flash point gave 349 k-345 k, specific gravity 0.865 g/mL-0.851 g/mL, and viscosity 34.95 Nsm-2- 5.82 Nsm-2 accordingly. The catalyst sample (MgO/Al2O3/Kaolin clay) after characterized using X-Ray Diffractometer, showed promising surface activity and selectivity on both the calcined and uncalcined catalyst. The optimum transesterification reaction conditions was obtained at 333 k, 6 hours reaction time and 6% catalyst concentration. The reaction conditions had direct effect on percentage yield of the biodiesel product with maximum yield of 79.61 % obtained for untreated oil but 81.27 % for treated oil at 333 k, 3 hours reaction time and 2 % catalyst concentration. FT-IR spectra analysis of biodiesel oil revealed decrease in frequency band of the hydroxyl group (O-H) between 1780 cm-1 and 1700 cm-1 and its subsequent absence at 1730 cm-1. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer composition for pure Luffa aegyptiaca oil and Biodiesel oil showed that free fatty acid was converted to fatty acid methyl esters. Thus, transesterification of Luffa aegyptiaca oil sample using MgO/Al2O3/Kaolin clay heterogeneous catalyst was a success.
Synthesis of bulk calcium oxide (cao) catalyst and its efficacy (2)
This document summarizes a research study on the synthesis and use of calcium oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production. Calcium oxide was prepared from hydrated lime and used to catalyze the transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil with methanol. Biodiesel yields between 94.76-100% were obtained at reaction times of 50-90 minutes and a temperature of 60°C. GC-MS analysis identified the main methyl ester components in the biodiesel samples. The calcium oxide catalyst was found to produce higher biodiesel yields than a conventional homogeneous catalyst and offers advantages for easy separation and reuse.
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Improving steam boiler operating efficiency
This document provides an overview of improving steam boiler operating efficiency. It discusses boiler types, fuels, combustion principles, boiler efficiency calculations, instrumentation and controls, heat recovery systems, and environmental pollution aspects related to boiler operation. The document is intended to educate operators, technicians, engineers and industrialists on basics of industrial boilers and efficiency improvement techniques. It covers topics such as boiler classification, combustion efficiency, reducing losses, efficiency calculations, instrumentation, controls, heat recovery options, and environmental impacts of boiler use.
Anders t. madsen.pdf
This thesis focuses on the catalytic production of diesel from biomass, emphasizing the conversion of waste vegetable oils and fats. Two established methods are transesterification/esterification of oils and fats with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and hydrodeoxygenation of oils and fats to produce straight-chain alkanes. Other potential routes include upgrading and deoxygenation of pyrolysis oils or sludge, aqueous reforming of sugars, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of alkanes from gasified biomass. The thesis tests various acidic catalysts for esterification in a model fat mixture and develops a sulphonated pyrolysed sucrose catalyst. Organic bases
Jm3616421649
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Presentacion de ingles
This document discusses optimizing biodiesel production from sunflower oil using response surface methodology. Specifically, it analyzes the interaction effects of temperature, catalyst concentration, and methanol to oil ratio on biodiesel yield. Through a series of experiments using a central composite design, the study determined that a temperature of 48°C, methanol to oil ratio of 6.825:1, and catalyst concentration of 0.679wt% provided an optimal biodiesel yield of 98.181%.
Use of Jatropha Biodiesel in C.I. Engines- A review
Petroleum based fuels play a vital role in rapid depletion of conventional energy sources. Along with their
increasing demands, these are also major contributors of air pollution which is contributing to greenhouse effect
and consequently to ozone layer depletion.
Major portion of today’s energy demand in India is being met with fossil fuels. Hence, it is high time that
alternative fuels for engines should be derived from different indigenous sources. As India is an agricultural
country, there is a wide scope for the production of vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) from different oil
seeds.
This paper is based on recommending an alternate fuel for diesel engines. Expectations have been high for the
production of biodiesel from the Jatropha oil-crop. Jatropha is promoted as a drought and pest resistant crop,
with the potential to grow on degraded soils with a low amount of inputs. These characteristics encourage hope
for positive environmental and socio-economic impacts from Jatropha biodiesel.
Jatropha oil with exhaust heat recovery system 2-3-4-jatropha oil with exhaus...
The jatropha oil is used
in a Field Marshal make four stroke, single cylinder and water cooled diesel engine. Engine
performance (specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and exhaust gas
temperature were measured to evaluate and compute the behavior of the diesel engine
running on Jatropha curcas oil. Output of the engine is almost similar to diesel fuelled engine,
however fuel consumption rate in case of Jatropha oil was more compared to diesel.
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A case study on bio fuel stove technology jatropha as a bio fuel
- 1. A case study on Bio fuel Stove Technology: Jatropha as a bio fuel BY: Ashok Yadav M.Sc. Env. Science Golden Gate Int’l College Kathmandu, Nepal http://www.goldengate.edu.np/12/11/2012 1
- 2. INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND • Jatropha curcas • Plant oil is a promising alternative source • In Nepal, the most well-known liquid cooking fuel is kerosene 12/11/2012 2
- 3. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Jatropha • Viscosity: High • Ignition Temperature: 340°C Kerosene Low 50-55°C 12/11/2012 3
- 4. OBJECTIVES To determine the compatibility of pure jatropha oil for burning as a bio-fuel 12/11/2012 4
- 6. TECHNOLOGY Two Types Of Stove Burner • VAPOUR JET BURNER • WICK BURNER 12/11/2012 6
- 7. DESIGNS OF STOVES USING JATROPHA • Seeds, Kernels • Jatropha oil in pressure stove • Jatropha oil in wick stove 12/11/2012 7
- 8. MODIFICATIONS • Round wick of 6.3 to 6.5 mm placed in a loosely fitting tube (tube diameter = wick +1mm) • Length of wick holder cut to make 4.5 cm (from oil reservoir to fire zone) • Soaking the wick 12/11/2012 8
- 9. SPECIFICATIONS OF MODIFIED JATROPHA WICK STOVE • Fuel tank: 1.5 L • With exposed multi wick burner mechanism • 10 cotton woven wicks each of diameter 5 mm 12/11/2012 9
- 10. RESULT • The fuel tend to transport very finely up to <5 cm, once it cross 5 cm it got slow and at 7 cm there was almost no fuel 12/11/2012 10
- 11. CONCLUSION Pure jatropha can be used as fuel in stove technology with out blending any percentage of kerosene. 12/11/2012 11
- 12. References • Balázs Opper, Péter Németh, Péter Engelmann, “Calcium is required for coelomocyte activation in earthworms, Molecular Immunology”, Volume 47, Issues 11–12, July 2010, Pages 2047-2056, ISSN 0161-5890, 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.04.008. • Veigas, 2007, Modifications of Existing technology • Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1-5 • LIDE and FREDRIKSE, 1995, Kollar et al., 1993 • Curcas oil (Jatropha curcas L.): A possible fuel", G. Martin and A. Mayeux; Agritrop, vol. 9 no. 2,1985 • Stumpf, E. & Mühlbauer, W. "Plant Oil Cooking Stove for Developing Countries“ • Institute for Agricultural Engineering in the Tropics and Subtropics "Plant oil as cooking fuel: development of a household cooking stove for tropical and subtropical countries • Pramanik, 2003; Bozbas, 2005 • Demirbas, 2003 12/11/2012 12
- 13. THANK YOU ! 12/11/2012 13
- 14. ?12/11/2012 14