In understanding the basis of Cognitive Neuroeducation (CNE), a new paradigm in the goal of full recovery from cognitive and behavioral disorder, a review of its antecedents is important. CNE evolved from the revolutionary breakthrough modality of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET), which, at the time of its development, presented a whole new approach to intervention in cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. CNE has evolved considerably from CET, incorporating newer understandings of behavioral outcomes from the synthesis of the leading research in neuroscience, psychology, human evolution and the social sciences, emerging as a second-generation modality building from the seminal foundations laid by CET. This paper describes those foundations by introducing CET through a summary of its origins, principles, curriculum and legacy of demonstrated efficacy.
Research review of Treatments for Autism in patients residing in psychiatric ...Jacob Stotler
Review of Evidence-based practice and research conducted on effective treatments with patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in patients residing in psychiatric facilities.
Research review of Treatments for Autism in patients residing in psychiatric ...Jacob Stotler
Review of Evidence-based practice and research conducted on effective treatments with patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in patients residing in psychiatric facilities.
Transitioning Mental Health & Psychosocial Support from Short-Term Emergency ...Purvi P. Patel
Report of the Mental Health and Psychosocial Support working group from the 2011 Humanitarian Action Summit, hosted by Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA)
Interventions to Improve Cognitive Functioning After TBILoki Stormbringer
Traumatic injury to the brain can affect the core of what makes us
human—our cognition and emotion. The injuries are acute but may result
in chronic burdens for individuals and families as well as society. Effective
approaches to improving functioning are needed, and the benefits may
be far-reaching. We discuss some basic principles to guide current prac-
tice, as well as major directions for continuing advancement of ways to
improve functioning after injury. Interventions are more likely to be effec-
tive when we take into account multiple levels of brain functioning, from
neurons to pharmacological systems to social networks. Training of cogni-
tive functions is of special importance, and benefits may synergize with
pharmacologic and other approaches that modify biology. The combina-
tion of physical and experiential trauma deserves special consideration,
with effects on cognition, emotion, and other substrates of behavior.
Directing further research toward key frontiers that bridge neuroscience
and rehabilitation will advance the development of clinically effective
interventions.
The role of theory in bridging interdisciplinary research with evidence-based...Patrick Connolly
The role of theory in shaping and translating research into practice is neglected in the field of psychology at present. Internationally, there has been a growing call for development of an integrative theoretical framework within which research results can be understood as well as applied. A recent article in Nature Human Behaviour (Muthukrishna & Henrich, 2019), has proposed that the replication crisis currently facing the psychological sciences is the result of the lack of development of such integrative theoretical frameworks. Those authors propose that researchers should confine the questions that they ask, and the analyses that they do, to the predictions made within a particular theoretical framework. This is an important suggestion, because without a coherent theory, research results can only ever be applied to practical questions as a heuristic (or problem-solving strategy). It is suggested here that this state of affairs is the reason for the most common critical challenge made of research for evidence-based practice, which is the problem of knowing which intervention to apply, in which way, to which person, at what time, by which professional, and so on. Only a coherent theoretical framework can address these problems in applying research to practice. Finally, following Tretter and Loeffler-Statska (2018), it is proposed that systems theory (including information theory) is the best candidate for a integrative clinical theory framework that not only has potential of successfully bridging different disciplines, but also integrating the key assumptions and propositions of most dominant theories of psychology today.
Article in Division 29's journal, psychotherapy that reviews the research on routine outcome monitoring, arguing that current efforts are at risk for repeating the history of failed efforts to improve the outcome of psychotherapy.
Expanding the Lens of EBP: A Common Factors in AgreementScott Miller
The authors explore the limitations of the traditional view of evidence-based practice with its emphasis on specific methods and diagnosis. An alternative is proposed based on the common factors.
BUSI 230Project 1 InstructionsBased on Larson & Farber sectio.docxRAHUL126667
BUSI 230
Project 1 Instructions
Based on Larson & Farber: section 2.1
Use the Project 1 Data Set to create the graphs and tables in Questions 1–4 and to answer both parts of Question 5. If you cannot figure out how to make the graphs and tables in Excel, you are welcome to draw them by hand and then submit them as a scanned document or photo.
1. Open a blank Excel file and create a grouped frequency distribution of the maximum daily temperatures for the 50 states for a 30 day period. Use 8 classes. (8 points)
2. Add midpoint, relative frequency, and cumulative frequency columns to your frequency distribution. (8 points)
3. Create a frequency histogram using Excel. You will probably need to load the Data Analysis add-in within Excel. If you do not know how to create a histogram in Excel, view the video located at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gQUcRwDiik. A simple bar graph will also work.
If you cannot get the histogram or bar graph features to work, you may draw a histogram by hand and then scan or take a photo (your phone can probably do this) of your drawing and email it to your instructor. (8 points)
4. Create a frequency polygon in Excel (or by hand). For help, view http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q-KdmDJirg(8 points)
5. A. Do any of the temperatures appear to be unrealistic or in error? If yes, which ones and why? (4 points)
B. Explain how this affects your confidence in the validity of this data set. (4 points)
Project 1 is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 1.
International Journal o f Clinical and Health Psychology (2014) 14, 216-220
International Journal
of Clinical and Health Psychology
w w w .elsevier.es/ijchp
THEORETICAL ARTICLE
The end of mental illness thinking?
Richard Pemberton3 *, Tony Wainwrightb
<DCrossMark
ELSEVIER
DOYMA
a University o f Brighton, United Kingdom
b University o f Exeter, United Kingdom
Received 26 May 2014; accepted 15 June 2014
A vailable on lin e 9 July 2014
KEYWORDS A b s tra c t M ental he alth th e o ry and p ra ctice are in a s ta te o f sig nifica nt flu x . This th e o re t-
Diagnosis; ic a l a rtic le places th e position taken by th e British Psychological Society Division o f C linical
F o rm u la tio n ; Psychology (DCP) in th e c o n te x t o f c u rre n t p ra ctice and seeks to c ritic a lly exam ine some o f
DSM-5; th e key fa cto rs th a t are d rivin g these transfo rm a tion s. The im petus fo r a co m p le te overhaul
W e llb e in g ; o f existing th in k in g comes fro m th e m a n ife stly poor perform ance o f m e n ta l health services in
T h e o re tic a l s tu d y w hich those w ith serious m e n ta l health problem s have reduced life expectancy. It advocates
using th e advances in our understanding o f th e psychological, social and physical mechanisms
th a t underpin psychological w e llb e in g and m e n ta l distress, and re je c tin g th e disease m odel o f
m e n ta l distress as p a rt o f an ou td a te d paradi ...
Transitioning Mental Health & Psychosocial Support from Short-Term Emergency ...Purvi P. Patel
Report of the Mental Health and Psychosocial Support working group from the 2011 Humanitarian Action Summit, hosted by Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA)
Interventions to Improve Cognitive Functioning After TBILoki Stormbringer
Traumatic injury to the brain can affect the core of what makes us
human—our cognition and emotion. The injuries are acute but may result
in chronic burdens for individuals and families as well as society. Effective
approaches to improving functioning are needed, and the benefits may
be far-reaching. We discuss some basic principles to guide current prac-
tice, as well as major directions for continuing advancement of ways to
improve functioning after injury. Interventions are more likely to be effec-
tive when we take into account multiple levels of brain functioning, from
neurons to pharmacological systems to social networks. Training of cogni-
tive functions is of special importance, and benefits may synergize with
pharmacologic and other approaches that modify biology. The combina-
tion of physical and experiential trauma deserves special consideration,
with effects on cognition, emotion, and other substrates of behavior.
Directing further research toward key frontiers that bridge neuroscience
and rehabilitation will advance the development of clinically effective
interventions.
The role of theory in bridging interdisciplinary research with evidence-based...Patrick Connolly
The role of theory in shaping and translating research into practice is neglected in the field of psychology at present. Internationally, there has been a growing call for development of an integrative theoretical framework within which research results can be understood as well as applied. A recent article in Nature Human Behaviour (Muthukrishna & Henrich, 2019), has proposed that the replication crisis currently facing the psychological sciences is the result of the lack of development of such integrative theoretical frameworks. Those authors propose that researchers should confine the questions that they ask, and the analyses that they do, to the predictions made within a particular theoretical framework. This is an important suggestion, because without a coherent theory, research results can only ever be applied to practical questions as a heuristic (or problem-solving strategy). It is suggested here that this state of affairs is the reason for the most common critical challenge made of research for evidence-based practice, which is the problem of knowing which intervention to apply, in which way, to which person, at what time, by which professional, and so on. Only a coherent theoretical framework can address these problems in applying research to practice. Finally, following Tretter and Loeffler-Statska (2018), it is proposed that systems theory (including information theory) is the best candidate for a integrative clinical theory framework that not only has potential of successfully bridging different disciplines, but also integrating the key assumptions and propositions of most dominant theories of psychology today.
Article in Division 29's journal, psychotherapy that reviews the research on routine outcome monitoring, arguing that current efforts are at risk for repeating the history of failed efforts to improve the outcome of psychotherapy.
Expanding the Lens of EBP: A Common Factors in AgreementScott Miller
The authors explore the limitations of the traditional view of evidence-based practice with its emphasis on specific methods and diagnosis. An alternative is proposed based on the common factors.
BUSI 230Project 1 InstructionsBased on Larson & Farber sectio.docxRAHUL126667
BUSI 230
Project 1 Instructions
Based on Larson & Farber: section 2.1
Use the Project 1 Data Set to create the graphs and tables in Questions 1–4 and to answer both parts of Question 5. If you cannot figure out how to make the graphs and tables in Excel, you are welcome to draw them by hand and then submit them as a scanned document or photo.
1. Open a blank Excel file and create a grouped frequency distribution of the maximum daily temperatures for the 50 states for a 30 day period. Use 8 classes. (8 points)
2. Add midpoint, relative frequency, and cumulative frequency columns to your frequency distribution. (8 points)
3. Create a frequency histogram using Excel. You will probably need to load the Data Analysis add-in within Excel. If you do not know how to create a histogram in Excel, view the video located at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gQUcRwDiik. A simple bar graph will also work.
If you cannot get the histogram or bar graph features to work, you may draw a histogram by hand and then scan or take a photo (your phone can probably do this) of your drawing and email it to your instructor. (8 points)
4. Create a frequency polygon in Excel (or by hand). For help, view http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q-KdmDJirg(8 points)
5. A. Do any of the temperatures appear to be unrealistic or in error? If yes, which ones and why? (4 points)
B. Explain how this affects your confidence in the validity of this data set. (4 points)
Project 1 is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 1.
International Journal o f Clinical and Health Psychology (2014) 14, 216-220
International Journal
of Clinical and Health Psychology
w w w .elsevier.es/ijchp
THEORETICAL ARTICLE
The end of mental illness thinking?
Richard Pemberton3 *, Tony Wainwrightb
<DCrossMark
ELSEVIER
DOYMA
a University o f Brighton, United Kingdom
b University o f Exeter, United Kingdom
Received 26 May 2014; accepted 15 June 2014
A vailable on lin e 9 July 2014
KEYWORDS A b s tra c t M ental he alth th e o ry and p ra ctice are in a s ta te o f sig nifica nt flu x . This th e o re t-
Diagnosis; ic a l a rtic le places th e position taken by th e British Psychological Society Division o f C linical
F o rm u la tio n ; Psychology (DCP) in th e c o n te x t o f c u rre n t p ra ctice and seeks to c ritic a lly exam ine some o f
DSM-5; th e key fa cto rs th a t are d rivin g these transfo rm a tion s. The im petus fo r a co m p le te overhaul
W e llb e in g ; o f existing th in k in g comes fro m th e m a n ife stly poor perform ance o f m e n ta l health services in
T h e o re tic a l s tu d y w hich those w ith serious m e n ta l health problem s have reduced life expectancy. It advocates
using th e advances in our understanding o f th e psychological, social and physical mechanisms
th a t underpin psychological w e llb e in g and m e n ta l distress, and re je c tin g th e disease m odel o f
m e n ta l distress as p a rt o f an ou td a te d paradi ...
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 2
Evidence Based Practice Grant Proposal
Table of Contents
31.Purpose
42.Background
5Research objectives
6Theoretical framework
63.EBP Model
74.Proposed Change
85.Outcomes
86.Evaluation Plan
97.Dissemination Plan
9Tools to be Used
9Peer review tools for the proposal
11Grant Request
11Proposed Tasks
11Task 1: Case study- Reviewing existing literature on stigma around mental health complications
11Task 2: Interviewing clinicians that have dealt with the study topic
12Task 3: Interviewing patients of mental health
12Schedule
13Budget
148.Appendices
14a.Informed Consent
19Certificate of Consent
19Signature or Date
21b.Literature Matrix
32c.Tools and equipment to be used
34References
Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a ...
10 STRATEGIC POINTS
2
10 STRATEGIC POINTS
2
Factors that Influence Utilization of Public Mental Health Services
RSD-851: Residency: Dissertation
Grand Canyon University
October 5, 2020
10 Strategic Points
My Degree: Ph.D.
Program Emphasis: Industrial Organizational Psychology
Ten Strategic Points
Comments or Feedback
Broad Topic Area
Factors that Influence Utilization of Public Mental Health Services
Lit Review
(Theoretical Framework (Theory)
Gaps
Themes
All Citations
Gaps
A. Basu, Rehkopf, Siddiqi, Glymour, & Kawachi (2016). According to the authors, there is a gap here in the changes being experienced in social policies in recent years. It has created a gap among women with low income in South Texas. Accordingly, the authors used the determination of the differences in income to understand the relationships between health outcomes and welfare reforms as it impacts the less privileged women in comparison to the most affected women.
B. Ly, A. (2019). This study focused on the factors that influence the utilization of mental health among Vietnamese Americans and the barriers to seeking help in Texas. The study had 12 participants including providers and community leaders who were familiar with the target population. The findings of the study indicated that there is a gap here in cultural acceptance of mental health treatment. Hence the need to culturally specify mental health intervention to improve mental health utilization in the community. However, the study was limited by the small sample size; therefore, the findings cannot be generalized. Further studies should include more cultural groups to validate the findings of this research.
C. Kwan, P. P., Soniega-Sherwood, J., Esmundo, S., Watts, J., Pike, J., Sabado-Liwag, M., & Palmer, P. H. (2020). The authors of this study aimed to evaluate the facilitators and barriers to mental health utilization among Pacific Islanders. Semi structure interviews were used to collect information from 12 pacific islanders. Trained community leaders recruited eligible candidates for the study. The study was limited by the small sample size. Five themes arose from the study. There is a gap here in regard to cost of healthcare, mental health stigma and language and culture barriers, which were the themes that emerged concerning barriers affecting the utilization of mental health services. The researchers indicated the need for future studies to include a larger sample size to enable generalization of the findings.
D. Volkert, J., Andreas, S., Härter, M., Dehoust, M. C., Sehner, S., Suling, A., . . . Schulz, H. (2018). The aim of this study was to evaluate various aspects of the utilization of mental health services among the elderly. The study had 3,142 participants aged between 65-84 years. Logic regression approach was used to analyze predisposing, enabling, and need factors among the participants. Similarly, the study found that there is ...
10 STRATEGIC POINTS
2
10 STRATEGIC POINTS
2
Factors that Influence Utilization of Public Mental Health Services
RSD-851: Residency: Dissertation
Grand Canyon University
October 5, 2020
10 Strategic Points
My Degree: Ph.D.
Program Emphasis: Industrial Organizational Psychology
Ten Strategic Points
Comments or Feedback
Broad Topic Area
Factors that Influence Utilization of Public Mental Health Services
Lit Review
(Theoretical Framework (Theory)
Gaps
Themes
All Citations
Gaps
A. Basu, Rehkopf, Siddiqi, Glymour, & Kawachi (2016). According to the authors, there is a gap here in the changes being experienced in social policies in recent years. It has created a gap among women with low income in South Texas. Accordingly, the authors used the determination of the differences in income to understand the relationships between health outcomes and welfare reforms as it impacts the less privileged women in comparison to the most affected women.
B. Ly, A. (2019). This study focused on the factors that influence the utilization of mental health among Vietnamese Americans and the barriers to seeking help in Texas. The study had 12 participants including providers and community leaders who were familiar with the target population. The findings of the study indicated that there is a gap here in cultural acceptance of mental health treatment. Hence the need to culturally specify mental health intervention to improve mental health utilization in the community. However, the study was limited by the small sample size; therefore, the findings cannot be generalized. Further studies should include more cultural groups to validate the findings of this research.
C. Kwan, P. P., Soniega-Sherwood, J., Esmundo, S., Watts, J., Pike, J., Sabado-Liwag, M., & Palmer, P. H. (2020). The authors of this study aimed to evaluate the facilitators and barriers to mental health utilization among Pacific Islanders. Semi structure interviews were used to collect information from 12 pacific islanders. Trained community leaders recruited eligible candidates for the study. The study was limited by the small sample size. Five themes arose from the study. There is a gap here in regard to cost of healthcare, mental health stigma and language and culture barriers, which were the themes that emerged concerning barriers affecting the utilization of mental health services. The researchers indicated the need for future studies to include a larger sample size to enable generalization of the findings.
D. Volkert, J., Andreas, S., Härter, M., Dehoust, M. C., Sehner, S., Suling, A., . . . Schulz, H. (2018). The aim of this study was to evaluate various aspects of the utilization of mental health services among the elderly. The study had 3,142 participants aged between 65-84 years. Logic regression approach was used to analyze predisposing, enabling, and need factors among the participants. Similarly, the study found that there is ...
Amanda WattenburgThursdayJul 26 at 724pmManage Discussioncheryllwashburn
Amanda Wattenburg
ThursdayJul 26 at 7:24pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Link to screen cast-o-matic:
https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/cFitVbFMms (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Script:
A brief introduction
Studying cognitive functioning is important as these processes impact individual’s behavior and emotions (Heeramun-Aubeeluck et al., 2015). Various factors can impact cognitive functioning. A disorder known to impact cognition is psychosis. Thus, it is essential to examine psychosis and how these psychotic experiences effect cognitive functioning over time.
Devise a specific research question related to the topic you chose in Week One.
How does psychosis effect cognitive functioning over time in patients who have experienced first-episode psychosis?
Explain the importance of the topic and research question.
Psychosis is a mental state in which individuals experience a loss of touch with reality(Boychuk, Lysaght, & Stuart, 2018). Psychosis may lead to additional occurrences or may indicate signs of a mental health disorder. It is important to examine the cognitive impairment that is caused as a result of psychotic episodes. In addition, this would unfold information that may lead to the importance of treating psychosis when the first signs are noticed in hopes of decreasing the chances of psychosis leading to a mental disorder.
A brief literature review
Zaytseva, Korsokava, Agius, & Gurovich (2013) and Bora & Murray (2014) discovered altered cognitive functioning exists prior to onset or before the prodrome stage. In addition, Bohus & Miclutia (2014) indicate that cognitive functioning at first-episode psychosis was not as strong. Thus, it can be concluded that cognitive functioning impairment occurs prior to first-episode onset however, there is varying research that indicates the impact on cognitive functioning as time goes on. Popolo, Vinci, & Balbi (2010) conducted a year-long study on neurocognitive functioning amongst children and adolescent patients with first-episode psychosis. Cognitive impairment is indicated in early psychosis onset thus the study focused on examining cognitive impairments. Several cognitive assessments were given to patients and the results were evaluated. The results of the cognitive assessments indicated that adolescents with first-episode psychosis (FEP) have neurocognitive impairments. In addition, psychotic patient’s cognitive deficiencies do not decline over the course of the psychotic disorder. However, according to the article
Neurocognitive functioning before and after the first psychotic episode: does psychosis result in cognitive deterioration? (2010)
, the results indicated that there is no decline in cognitive functioning during the first psychotic episode. This indicates a gap in research of the effect psychotic episodes has on cognitive functioning.
Evaluate published research studies on your topic found during your work on the Weeks One, Two, and ...
This document was produced for a Webinar for the Association of Directors of Public Health (ADHP www.adph.org.uk ) on 27th April 2017 in partnership with Public Health England (PHE www.gov.uk/phe) Hertfordshire County Council (www.hertfordshire.gov.uk) and the Health Psychology in Public Health Network (HPPHN www.hppn.org.uk ).
Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Traum.docxspoonerneddy
Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Trauma
Melvin Coe
Capella University
Professor Theresa Crawford
Research Foundation of History Systems in Psych
June 7, 2020
Running Head: APPLICATION OF THE COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 1
APPLICATION OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2
Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Trauma
Introduction
In the present times, the number of people suffering from mental challenges has been on the rise. It is a time that demands psychologists to have better and effective scientific methods that would help them handle the different psychological issues being brought to their attention. Cognitive psychology is one of the scientific methods that can be used by psychologists to study the mind as an information processor. Using the method, psychologists are able to develop cognitive theories and models that would align and seems applicable in individual cases they are handling for instance, how one perceives, understands, remembers, attentiveness, makes use of language and is conscious of things.
The principal goals of clinical psychology are to generate knowledge based on scientifically valid evidence and to apply this knowledge to the optimal improvement of mental and behavioral health (Baker, McFall, Shoham, 2008). The values, principles, and methods of cognitive psychology and psychodynamic psychotherapy are anticipated to be utilized in an investigation which replaces maladaptive behaviors. The interest in the study is centered around increasing social response while decreasing maladaptive behaviors by utilizing differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors. Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors is a procedure that reduces a problematic behavior by reinforcing an appropriate alternative behavior that serves the same function.
Research topic (Cognitive Psychology in the influences of patient with trauma or mental illness)
The research paper revolves around understanding how cognitive psychology influences patients with trauma and mental illness. It is evident that cognitive psychology revolves around the study of the process within the brain and they vary from learning, perception, attention, memory, thinking, language, attention and problem-solving (Maslow, 1943). The mental illness and trauma are a result of some of the brain processes thus with embracing the school of cognitive psychology it is easier to understand and comprehend the potential solutions. The problem of mental illness has become complaisant in the current era and with the limited resources and technology in the past made it a challenge to contain it but the advancement in field of psychology has made it easier to find solutions to the problem. There is no specific treatment for trauma or mental illness in this era of medical advancement and technology but cognitive psychology is making it easier to help under.
Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Traum.docxssusera34210
Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Trauma
Melvin Coe
Capella University
Professor Theresa Crawford
Research Foundation of History Systems in Psych
June 7, 2020
Running Head: APPLICATION OF THE COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 1
APPLICATION OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2
Application of The Cognitive Psychology in Mental Illness or Trauma
Introduction
In the present times, the number of people suffering from mental challenges has been on the rise. It is a time that demands psychologists to have better and effective scientific methods that would help them handle the different psychological issues being brought to their attention. Cognitive psychology is one of the scientific methods that can be used by psychologists to study the mind as an information processor. Using the method, psychologists are able to develop cognitive theories and models that would align and seems applicable in individual cases they are handling for instance, how one perceives, understands, remembers, attentiveness, makes use of language and is conscious of things.
The principal goals of clinical psychology are to generate knowledge based on scientifically valid evidence and to apply this knowledge to the optimal improvement of mental and behavioral health (Baker, McFall, Shoham, 2008). The values, principles, and methods of cognitive psychology and psychodynamic psychotherapy are anticipated to be utilized in an investigation which replaces maladaptive behaviors. The interest in the study is centered around increasing social response while decreasing maladaptive behaviors by utilizing differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors. Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors is a procedure that reduces a problematic behavior by reinforcing an appropriate alternative behavior that serves the same function.
Research topic (Cognitive Psychology in the influences of patient with trauma or mental illness)
The research paper revolves around understanding how cognitive psychology influences patients with trauma and mental illness. It is evident that cognitive psychology revolves around the study of the process within the brain and they vary from learning, perception, attention, memory, thinking, language, attention and problem-solving (Maslow, 1943). The mental illness and trauma are a result of some of the brain processes thus with embracing the school of cognitive psychology it is easier to understand and comprehend the potential solutions. The problem of mental illness has become complaisant in the current era and with the limited resources and technology in the past made it a challenge to contain it but the advancement in field of psychology has made it easier to find solutions to the problem. There is no specific treatment for trauma or mental illness in this era of medical advancement and technology but cognitive psychology is making it easier to help under.
Improving Comprehensive Carefor OEF and OIF Vetsby Aslie.docxbradburgess22840
Improving Comprehensive Care
for OEF and OIF Vets
by Aslie Burnett
FILE
T IME SUBMIT T ED 20- MAR- 2015 10:4 4 AM
SUBMISSION ID 51867 4 598
WORD COUNT 64 25
CHARACT ER COUNT 39906
DISSERT AT ION_PROPOSAL.DOC (125.5K)
18%
SIMILARIT Y INDEX
17%
INT ERNET SOURCES
16%
PUBLICAT IONS
15%
ST UDENT PAPERS
1 3%
2 2%
3 1%
4 1%
5 1%
6 1%
7 1%
8 1%
Improving Comprehensive Care for OEF and OIF Vets
ORIGINALITY REPORT
PRIMARY SOURCES
vets.arizona.edu
Int ernet Source
www.ejpt.net
Int ernet Source
Karen H. Seal. "VA mental health services
utilization in Iraq and Af ghanistan veterans in
the f irst year of receiving new mental health
diagnoses", Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2010
Publicat ion
www.f as.org
Int ernet Source
Submitted to Maryville University
St udent Paper
store.samhsa.gov
Int ernet Source
yellow-f ever.rki.de
Int ernet Source
cstsf orum.org
Int ernet Source
9 1%
10 1%
11 1%
12 1%
13 <1%
14 <1%
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20
Submitted to Laureate Higher Education Group
St udent Paper
Submitted to EDMC
St udent Paper
akf sa.org
Int ernet Source
iris.lib.neu.edu
Int ernet Source
www.acpmh.ipag.f r
Int ernet Source
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Int ernet Source
Submitted to University of Western Australia
St udent Paper
Submitted to University of Southern Calif ornia
St udent Paper
scindeks.nb.rs
Int ernet Source
cdn.intechopen.com
Int ernet Source
www.healthemotions.org
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Submitted to Palo Alto University
<1%
21 <1%
22 <1%
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Submitted to La Trobe University
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amhi-treatingpreventing.oup.com
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Submitted to Capella Education Company
St udent Paper
www.mindf ully.org
Int ernet Source
Submitted to Pennsylvania State System of
Higher Education
St udent Paper
www.rand.org
Int ernet Source
gradworks.umi.com
Int ernet Source
patriotoutreach.org
Int ernet Source
Ticknor, Bobbie and Tillinghast, Sherry. "Virtual
Reality and the Criminal Justice System: New
Possibilities f or Research, Training, and
Rehabilitation", Journal of Virtual Worlds
Research, 2011.
Publicat ion
30 <1%
31 <1%
32 <1%
33 <1%
34 <1%
35 <1%
Michael E. Smith. "Bilateral hippocampal
volume reduction in adults with post-traumatic
stress disorder: A meta-analysis of structural
MRI studies", Hippocampus, 2005
Publicat ion
etd.lib.f su.edu
Int ernet Source
digital.library.adelaide.edu.au
Int ernet Source
cdn.govexec.com
Int ernet Source
Yelena Bogdanova. "Cognitive Sequelae of
Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury: Recovery
and Rehabilitation", Neuropsychology Review,
02/17/2012
Publicat ion
Nanda, U., H. L. B. Gaydos, K. Hathorn, and N.
Watkins. "Art and Posttraumatic Stress: A
Review of the Empirical Literature on the
Therapeutic Implications of Artwork f or War
Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder",
Environment and Behavior, 201.
Rahma Morgan ElshazlyAssignment Evidence-based Project (P.docxaudeleypearl
Rahma Morgan Elshazly
Assignment: Evidence-based Project (Part 2)
9/14/19
Matrix Worksheet Template
Use this document to complete Part 2 of the Module 2 Assessment, Evidence-Based Project, and Part 1: An Introduction to Clinical Inquiry and Part 2: Research Methodologies
Full citation of selected article
Article #1
Article #2
Article #3
Article #4
Kim, E., Furlong, M., Dowdy, E., & Felix, E. (2014). Exploring the Relative Contributions of the Strength and Distress Components of Dual-Factor Complete Mental Health Screening. Canadian Journal Of School Psychology, 29(2), 127-140. DOI: 10.1177/0829573514529567
Rückert, H. (2015). Students׳ mental health and psychological counseling in Europe. Mental Health & Prevention, 3(1-2), 34-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2015.04.006
Dieser, R., Christenson, J., & Davis-Gage, D. (2014). Integrating flow theory and the serious leisure perspective into mental health counseling. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 28(1), 97-111. DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2014.944883
Laux, J., Calmes, S., Moe, J., Dupuy, P., Cox, J., & Ventura, L. et al. (2018). The Clinical Mental Health Counseling Needs of Mothers in the Criminal Justice System. The Family Journal, 19(3), 291-298. DOI: 10.1177/1066480711405823
Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest)
The article was considered since it is related to mental health counseling which is the clinical area of interest. The article relates to the area of interest since it focuses on mental health screening and its relationship to the dual-factor approach. The research article enriches the area under consideration by providing information on the best avenues to improve mental health outcomes.
The article was chosen since it focused on mental health and the relationship to psychological counseling among students. The article seeks to offer information on how an understanding of mental health can be applied in counseling to improve on the health outcomes.
The article focuses on mental health counseling as it relates to the serious leisure perspective and flow theory. The article relates to the clinical area of interest since it seeks to improve mental health counseling. The article acknowledges that various models have been utilized in mental health counseling and adoption of new methods is critical to success of mental health counseling.
The research deals with the mental health needs of mothers within the prison system. The study was informed by the fact that the community does not seem to care about incarcerated mothers. The study seeks to ensure that the mothers received the needed help to ensure mental wellbeing. The research contributes to the clinical area of interest since it helps shape a discussion regarding mental health in rehabilitation centers.
Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article
The research was aime ...
Language, rather than an independent outcome of human evolution, emerged in the mind from the uniquely human social brain as a fundamental attribute of cognition in the facilitation of the essential capacity for learning and social interaction in consequence of the environmental pressures on the survival of the genus Homo. Language as an integral component of cognition is clearly borne out from research in neuroscience, as it has been demonstrated in studies of cognitive dysfunction that cognitive deficits are largely recognized in errors in syntactical, symbolic, semantic and lexical processing and logical sequencing – all principal components of language processing. This study explains how language learning forms a powerful platform for cognitive recovery in cases of cognitive and behavioral dysfunction and presents the promise of dramatic improvement of functionality in elders with dementia.
A 1994 study of the faulty economic basis of modern society as exemplified in the so-called 'American Dream' and the inevitable collapse of such an inherently unsustainable framework.
There have been two basic assumptions long held in the traditional view of cognitive processing in the human brain: firstly, cognitive processes are exclusively functions of the cerebral cortex, and secondly, the cerebral cortex is divided into discrete areas of cognitive function. However, many observations and studies have incontrovertibly demonstrated that 1) so-called “cognitive processes” are not limited to specific areas of the brain nor reside exclusively within the cerebral cortex, but that many different areas of the brain contribute to cognitive functions, and that 2) cognitive functions in themselves are diffuse phenomena. To illustrate both points, a most obvious fact that contradicts the notion that specific “centers” of the brain, or specific regions of the brain are (either wholly or principally) responsible for specific so-called “cognitive functions,” is that acquired cognitive deficits attributed to an insult [i.e., a lesion resulting from a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), a tumor, a neurodegenerative process or an impact injury] to a particular area of the brain does not necessarily correspond to the area proposed as the “center” for the cognitive function affected.
This paper takes a closer look at what constitutes so-called 'cognitive processing,' and what fMRI studies can actually demonstrate in terms of functional regions of the brain.
Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Spencer M. Robinson, Executive Director and Chief of Research and Development, Center for Applied Social Neuroscience (CASN). Current as of 3/7/2019.
A great culture change movement and a rigorously researched, whole new paradigm in understanding cognitive and behavioral disorder together offer a potent, dramatic new approach to addressing elder care and both the prevention of and recovery from cognitive decline, dementia and other neurobehavioral sequelae that particularly affect elders, especially so those residing in a long-term care facility. The culture-change movement embraces the concept of person-centered care (PCC), while the innovative cognitive and behavioral intervention model, referred to as Cognitive Neuroeducation (CNE), fuses a neuroscience-informed base with a human-values orientation, both PCC and CNE rejecting the distorted medical model.
This paper outlines the affinity of the philosophy and objectives of the PCC and CNE paradigms, elucidates the misdirection of the medical model, and suggests that CNE and PCC, in a fully integrated approach, can give a whole new lease on life for the elder, redefining elderhood as a meaningful, rich, and rewarding stage of life, even in physical decline and when living in a long-term care facility.
Cognitive Neuroeducation (CNE) is a rigorously researched cutting-edge neuroscience-informed, human-values-oriented modality for prevention of and recovery from cognitive and behavioral disorder.
CNE focusses on broadly exercising cognitive processes and stimulating the neuroplasticity of the brain, not only to optimize deep, enduring learning outcomes but also to effect positive, self-actualizing social integration. CNE achieves such outcomes through 1) absorbing content and engaged activities in an enriched environment of interaction; 2) a dialogic foundation of critical, sensitive, and constructive feedback and interpersonal bonding within a highly cohesive group dynamic; and 3) the facilitation of the voice of the individual.
Cognitive Neuroeducation (CNE) is a rigorously researched cutting-edge neuroscience-informed, human-values-oriented modality for the prevention of and recovery from cognitive and behavioral disorder. Through an enriched environment and interaction within a cohesive group dynamic, CNE builds both a neuroprotective shield and core cognitive resources. This booklet introduces CNE, outlining its origins, scientific foundations, program features and person-centered human perspective.
A fundamental process in the formation of an individual’s mentation is the associations of experience. These associations not only account for constructive behavior, but can also lead to deleterious or negative behavior, suggesting that some associations are negative and therefore the negative behavior can be remolded through contrasting positive associations; however, to understand what this really means and how it works, we must start at the beginning and define what exactly is this negative behavior that we refer to by the term “mental illness.”
As hundreds of so-called “psychotherapies” have been foisted onto the public, all claiming to treat “mental illness,” newer understandings of how the human brain actually works and the processes which drive the formations of mentation that we refer to as “the mind,” demand a reassessment of what exactly we are referring to by the term “mental illness” and what kinds of intervention would be feasible in both the prevention of and recovery from cognitive and behavioral disorder.
A workshop introducing Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET), an evidence-based intervention in cognitive and behavioral disorder that focuses on improving the cognizance and daily function of clients through proven methods in the regeneration of cognitive responsiveness in autism, dementia, addictions, head injury, intellectual disability and more.
The propensity in research in the last 20 years, especially in cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience, has been to design a study with no attempt to operationalize terminology, so that it is impossible to replicate the study since there is no definitive expected outcome nor any rationale by which to tie any outcome to a specific theory, hypothesis or proposition, and, consequently, no real control for random variables; hence a result that proves nothing and a study with absolutely no meaning or validity whatsoever despite whatever claims are made for the study. The fundamental tenet for valid scientific evaluation is replicability. In this paper we explore the question of reliability and integrity of research in the field of psychology, the field of neuroscience, and in the broad arena of science itself.
Although there have been many advances in various fields of academia and science, in some ways there have also been a number of significant regressions, which I believe may be attributed to the stubborn clinging to the academic tradition of compartmentalizing "knowledge" into separate blocks of rigorously bounded disciplines. This paper examines the nature of knowledge and the pedagogical perspectives in its acquisition.
A presentation delivered September 27 to the 2015 NeuroELT Brain Days International Conference, Kyoto, Japan, introducing CNE (Cognitive Neuroeducation), a new, noninvasive, nonpharmacological modality for intervention in cognitive and behavioral disorder with the promise of full recovery therefrom.
More from Center for Applied Social Neuroscience (CASN) (13)
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
A Brief Introduction to Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET)_Revision
1. 1
CASN NeuroNotes 105
14 February 2018
A Brief Introduction to
Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET)
(Revised 14 February 2018)
SPENCER M. ROBINSON
Background
Cognitive enhancement therapy (CET) is a performance-based, developmental intervention
approach to remediation and rehabilitation in the areas of social integration, attention,
memory and problem-solving neuropsychological cognitive deficits. While from the
perspective of a therapeutic schedule a specific intervention module ostensibly focuses on
one of these areas of cognitive deficit, it must be understood that neurologically there is no
single, distinct arena of cognitive function, but rather a considerable integration of cognitive
processes involved in any function, and intervention addressing all four traditionally
perceived arenas of neurocognition are required to achieve the most efficacious outcomes;
as an example, a memory deficit will co-occur with an attention deficit, as a deficit in
attention impairs memory, and both memory and attention deficits disturb social
integration, etc.
CET was developed in the early 1990s by a team of researchers led by Gerard E. Hogarty,
MSW, out of an evolving process stemming from the work by Hogarty and Dr. Samuel
Flesher at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA) in
intervention in the problems in cognitive functioning and social integration of patients with
schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. In addition to the contribution of the principal
members of the team at that time (Hogarty, Flesher, Mary Carter and Deborah Greenwald),
the methods, training modules, approaches, and concepts from leading researchers around
the world contributed to the constantly evolving intervention program. Among one of the
most pivotal contributions was an approach known as integrated psychological therapy (IPT),
first developed by the Swiss researcher H. D. Brenner and colleagues (as published in
Brenner et al. 1994), and further extended by William Spaulding and colleagues (Spaulding
and Reed 1989; Spaulding et al. 1999). The contribution of IPT led to Hogarty’s seminal work
on personal therapy or PT (Hogarty 2002), which became the foundation for the
development of CET in its current form.
After Hogarty’s death in 2006, leadership in published research on CET fell to Dr. Shaun Eack
in the School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh. In addition to ongoing clinical trial
studies at the University of Pittsburgh, the dissemination of CET clinical programs began to
be independently initiated by Dr. Samuel Flesher, who, along with Hogarty, was the initial
co-developer in the early formative stages of CET. In 2000 Dr. Flesher left the University of
Pittsburgh team to train CET clinicians at Mercy Behavioral Health in Pittsburgh, USA and at
PLAN (Planned Lifetime Assistance Network) of Northeast Ohio, Inc., Cleveland Heights,
Ohio. While training CET clinicians at Mercy Behavioral Health and PLAN of NE Ohio, from
2. 2
2004 Dr. Flesher began to disseminate the CET program to other institutions under the
program trademark CETCleveland®. Dr. Flesher directed CETCleveland training and
dissemination until his death in 2010. From 2010 the Center for Cognition and Recovery, LLC,
Beachwood, Ohio was formed as a joint venture between JFSA (Jewish Family Service
Association), Cleveland, Ohio, and PLAN of NE Ohio, dedicated to training CETCleveland
curriculum clinicians and disseminating the CETCleveland curriculum to different institutions
providing mental health services. As of 2014, under the guiding hand of Mr. Ray Gonzalez,
the founding executive director of the Center for Cognition and Recovery, the CETCleveland
curriculum had been incorporated into 31 mental health facilities in eleven states in the USA.
Over 144 CETCleveland curriculum programs had been completed, 44 groups in process. All
the sites reported similar results with an 80 to 90% attendance rate and an 85% graduation
rate. (Preceding data supplied by the Center for Cognition and Recovery, Beachwood, Ohio.)
In 2011 the Center for Cognition and Recovery received the SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration of the United States Department of Health and
Human Services) Science and Service Award for “demonstrating successful implementation
of a recognized evidence-based intervention.”
Although CET was initially developed for remediation of impairment in cognitive function
and social integration in patients in the recovery phase of schizophrenia or schizoaffective
disorder who were symptomatically stable but remained cognitively impaired, its
remarkable efficacy has led to a major consideration of the use of CET intervention in a
wider range of disorders with associated deficiencies in cognitive and social functioning. An
example of the efficacy of CET for both subjects with schizophrenia and subjects with
schizoaffective disorder may be seen in a large long-term randomized study funded by the
United States National Institute of Mental Health that demonstrated both exceptional and
enduring improvement in cognitive and social functional levels (Hogarty et al. 2004). In a
two-year randomized controlled clinical trial study using CET intervention for subjects with
schizophrenia and measured volumetric loss of gray matter, an outcome of significant
volumetric increase of gray matter and protection from gray matter loss was effectively
demonstrated (Eack et al. 2010).
As an example of general outcomes, in 2014 InterAct of Michigan reported that for the year
prior to CET intervention, out of 19 CET participants, there were 156 hospital bed days that
were reduced to 10 bed days for the CET treatment year and 0 bed days for the 2 months
following CET graduation (as of 2/19/2014). Similarly, Bridgehaven Mental Health Services
of Louisville, Kentucky reported that for the year prior to CET intervention, out of 13 CET
participants there were 104 hospital bed days that were reduced to 0 bed days for the CET
treatment year and 28 bed days (all attributed to a single client) for the 3 months following
CET graduation (as of 2/21/2014). These results are consistent with reports from other CET
programs. (All preceding data was supplied by the Center for Cognition and Recovery,
Beachwood, Ohio.)
CET has been adopted by the Center for Excellence in Autism Research (CeFAR), University
of Pittsburgh, as a major intervention in social and cognitive impairment in disorders on the
autism spectrum, and randomized controlled clinical trial studies at CeFAR using CET
intervention for subjects with autism are currently in progress, funded by the United States
National Institutes of Health. CET is listed in the American Psychological Association (APA)
Catalog of Clinical Training Opportunities: Best Practices for Recovery and Improved
3. 3
Outcomes for People with Serious Mental Illness (APA/CAPP 2007). The APA Catalog is a
compilation of “the best clinical practices known to improve outcomes and quality of life for
adults with serious mental illness, identifying advanced clinical training initiatives that were
immediately available without further development costs, and providing access to experts
involved in the development or research of these state-of-the-art interventions” (APA/CAPP
2007, p. 4).
Basic Principles
The central basis of CET is the emphasis on social cognition. It is precisely this emphasis that
distinguishes CET from other cognitive intervention approaches that tend to exclusively
target traditionally perceived neuropsychological deficits in the specific arenas of attention,
memory and problem solving, or modalities that attempt to externally define and remold
faulty self-schema (such as cognitive behavior therapy), particularly in regard to persistent
delusions and hallucinations. From the research of the CET team and major contributions
from many leading researchers from around the world in the evolution of CET, a strong body
of evidence indicates that social cognitive deficits are more disabling than other perceived
discrete arenas of neuropsychological deficits (e.g. Hogarty and Flesher 1999; Penn et al.
1997; Corrigan and Penn 2001; Pinkham et al. 2003). While behavior can certainly be trained
and conditioned to respond in what on the surface may appear to be a socially accepted
manner, the fundamental underpinnings of human relationships – such as a correct and
perceptive understanding of the intentions, feelings and behavior of another person; a real
appreciation of the concepts and implicit values of the rules of conduct that govern social
situations; and the acquisition of the spontaneous ability to generate an emphatic and
appropriate response that facilitates the formation and maintenance of real bonding
between one human being and another – are the areas of difficulty in social cognition that
are most disabling in a variety of both developmental and acquired neurocognitive
impairments. Evidence implies that these areas of deficits in social cognition are not
effectively addressed by standard cognitive intervention approaches beyond mimicking and
what are basically superficial adaptations.
Equally, evidence implies that cognitive deficits in schizophrenia (which, by extension, we
may infer also applies to other severe neuropsychological disorders) are more global than
specific, and likely implicate various underlying neuronal networks (see for example
Blanchard and Neale 1994; Mohamed et al. 1999). Such profound heterogeneity has been
explained in terms of the concept of a “core” neural mechanism though it has also been
proposed that developmentally compromised neuronal systems that support other
perceived discrete neurocognitive functions are likely to differ, at least in part, from the
primary pathways that underlie social cognition (see for example Pinkham et al. 2003,
Brothers 1990). The key point of this debate is that evidence would seem to indicate that
cognition itself is a diffuse phenomenon, and each of the various proposed areas of
cognition, rather than a process of a particular dedicated set of neuronal pathways, are
formed through a connection of a number of different pathways that figure into many
different cognitive functions, the perceived cognitive functions simply the effect of the
interaction with each other through interconnected neuronal pathways, each so-called
discrete cognitive function an inherent component of other so-called cognitive functions,
4. 4
the interaction of which constituting specific types of perceived cognitive abilities. It is the
quality (i.e. timing, speed, precision, strength, balance, etc.) of neuronal interaction that is
the core issue in cognitive impairment.
It is this understanding of cognitive abilities and the obverse, cognitive dysfunction, that
forms the central paradigm of CET. This paradigm is manifest in CET by the set of cognitive
training exercises, that though address specific traditionally proposed areas of
neuropsychological cognitive deficits, integrate these sets both in the training sessions and
in follow-up interactive group sessions where the skills developed through the sets of
computer-aided training are exercised in a socially interactive environment transforming the
skills learned in the computer sessions into social experiences, incorporating the learned
responses and social experiences into real-life spontaneous social integration. In CET specific
areas of cognitive deficit are rehabilitated through integrated training, with the
understanding that no so-called discrete cognitive function is actually discrete, but is
dependent on the integration of other cognitive facilities and all must be exercised together
to effect real improvement in cognitive function. Integration and interaction are the key
components of CET.
While CET uses cognitive training exercises, specifically, computer-aided training, CET differs
from other conventional types of training-orientated cognitive rehabilitation programs in
that the discrete training modules in CET are highly integrated in terms of administration of
training session schedules, and because CET primarily focuses on social cognition as the
primary vehicle through which all aspects of cognition are effectively improved. This focus
on social cognition is not only supported by published research in the central importance of
social cognition in the remediation of the diminished cognitive response in severe
neuropsychological disorders but no less on basic logic and common observation that
absolutely demands such a focus.
Except for the very rare incidences of hermit life within the human population, humankind
lives in a social environment, a society, consisting of specific cultural and social norms and
structures, even if that society is limited to immediate family. Survival depends on the skills
to negotiate social interaction and the demands of whatever society that constitutes the
environment that one must interact with to meet the basic requirements of life. Beyond
pure physical survival, the human being is a psychologically complex being that requires
some interaction with other human beings to meet basic psychological needs. We are
defined as individuals, as unique personalities, by the psychological needs unique to each
individual, and the unique manner by which each individual interacts with society (that is,
with other humans within culturally determined rules and norms) to meet those needs. We
are social animals and the way we interact socially defines who we are as unique individuals,
that is, who each of us is as a distinct person that is distinguished from every other person
now living, that ever lived, or ever will live. Our personality, our uniqueness as an individual,
is manifested through, by and within social consciousness; i.e., social cognition.
To the extent that social cognition is impaired, we lose some of who we are as unique
personalities and the greater the impairment, the more of who we are is lost. In a critical
study, Brooks and McKinlay (1983) clearly documented that the major distress experienced
by the kith and kin (referring to one’s closest inner circle of personal relationships) of brain
5. 5
injured patients was not so much a concern over the residual neurocognitive deficits, but
the heartbreak of what was perceived as a “personality change” -- the loss of the person,
the specific qualities that kith and kin had known so well in the injured person that were
missing in the aftermath of the injury. The individual that they had known so well, though
still there in person, and perhaps even physically vibrant, the special ingredients that
uniquely characterized that person were paradoxically not there. Santoro and Spiers (1994)
defined this change as a decrement in social cognitive construction.
In acquired social cognitive impairment, depending on its severity, some extent of the
spontaneity of charm, humor, gregariousness, enthusiasm, and wit that characterized a
unique personality is no longer recognizable in the person, the loved one that kith and ken
had known so well. In developmental social cognitive impairment, that spontaneity of
charm, humor, gregariousness, enthusiasm, wit, and range of affective response and certain
intellectual skills have not properly developed, and depending on the severity of impairment,
the personality is to some extent “unfinished,” the individual “incomplete.”
In both acquired and developmental social cognitive impairment, depending upon the
severity of impairment, the individual is to some extent a shell missing some portion of the
full spark of inner psychosocial vitality and the true essence or potential of the individual’s
unique identity. The remediation of deficits in social cognition addresses exactly the same
problems regardless of whether impairment resulted from a developmental or acquired
condition through the positive, enriched stimulation of the fundamental mechanisms
inherent in the natural neuroplasticity of the brain, making CET equally suited for
developmental disorders as well as acquired disorders, including the remediation of
cognitive deficits in disorders along the autism spectrum. CET, in addition to its proven
efficacy in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, offers equal promise in efficacy of
remediation of neurocognitive deficits in a broad range of both developmental and acquired
conditions.
CET aims at facilitating the attainment of age-appropriate cognitive milestones that are the
developmental products of social cognition. These developmental products of social
cognition are not so much a smorgasbord of ‘social skills’ but rather a way of thinking about
oneself and other people by which to intuitively know how to get along with others and
wisely negotiate these relationships at home, with friends, at school, and, on the job; and by
which to know how to express oneself or otherwise get the main point or “gist” of the
subject of concern or immediate attention when dealing with other people and in navigating
the tangles of revolving social interactions. This way of thinking normally evolves in the
natural developmental process of physical and neuropsychological cognitive maturity
through experience and stages of learning in the socialization and educational milieu of the
everyday interaction with the social environment circumscribed within the age-appropriate
demands of society.
Adult thinking, as compared to the appropriate thinking of an earlier age, is characterized by
1) “gistful” abstraction rather than concrete detailed thinking, 2) active rather than passive
processing, 3) an appreciation of flexible norms compared to rigid rules of conduct, and 4)
the use of spontaneous and appropriate judgement in novel social situations rather than
6. 6
rehearsed responses to scripted situations (Brim 1966; Selman and Schultz 1990). Social
cognition has been referred to as “social intelligence,” first described by Thorndike in 1920
as “the ability to act wisely” (cited in Taylor and Cadet 1989), and defined as the practical,
tacit or crystalized intelligence that enables ordinary men and women to achieve and
maintain rewarding relationships and to secure meaningful life goals (Salthouse 1987;
Sternberg et al. 1995; Sternberg and Wagner 1986; Walker and Foley 1973; Taylor and
Cadet 1989). It underlies what is popularly referred to as “common sense.” Social
intelligence is only moderately correlated with the general intelligence measured by
intelligence quotient (IQ) tests (Sternberg et al. 1995). Formal IQ largely reflects the verbal
and logical skills associated with test taking. Since social intelligence, unlike IQ, is seen as
developing and growing over six decades (Sternberg et al. 1995), it is this developmental
process that CET aims to stimulate and energize to recover from the stalled or stunted state
in developmental etiologies and to restart to regain lost ability in acquired etiologies.
In CET, perspective taking is the clinical linchpin around which other key aspects of social
cognition are organized and addressed. Newman (2001) provided a most helpful review of
social cognition research and its relevance to schizophrenia. Newman reminds us of the
human tendency to quickly attribute stable trait characteristics to other persons, and to
ignore the social context and constraints that might alter these first impressions. This well-
established tendency is known as “correspondence bias,” and is particularly common among
patients with schizophrenia who might lack the interest, mental stamina and motivation to
pursue information about social context. This may also commonly be observed in patients in
autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which share similar symptomatology with the negative
symptoms of schizophrenia. Memory of past interactions with others and an awareness of
how one has previously responded, especially when a change in behavior is indicated, are
also crucial for correct social cognition (Newman 2001).
Another crucial aspect is affect, which has long been recognized as a vital component of
social cognition, though most researchers, not only in schizophrenia, but in ASD and other
disorders in which neuropsychological cognitive functions have been disturbed, have
focused on the ability to judge affect in the other person. This focus is inherently misguided
for two fundamental reasons: 1) it is not possible for the cognitively impaired individual to
fully understand affect in another if the impaired individual is lacking in affect, as affect
itself, especially appropriate affect, would be foreign, not experienced, unknown and simply
not understandable from other than the most superficial level if the impaired individual
her/himself was incapable of her/his own appropriate spontaneous affective response; and
2) it is precisely one’s own emotional state that influences the perception of another’s
emotional state and determines the selection and processing of personally relevant social
information. The regulation of affect is pivotal to the formation and maintenance of social
relationships. Affect informs and directs reasoning, such that “emotional intelligence” has
now been recognized as an integral component of social cognition (Mayer, Salovey and
Caruso 2004). The reduced, blunted or poorly regulated affect often seen in schizophrenia
and in ASD, could understandably contribute to profound social cognitive deficits. Social
cognition is further developed through group interaction, particularly through the formation
of a shared understanding regarding common themes (Newman 2001), and it is group social
cognition sessions that form the venue through which deficits in social cognition are
specifically targeted in CET through an emphasis on perspective taking.
7. 7
The main principle of this emphasis is recognition of the need of the ability to go beyond
rapid, spontaneous first impressions to the thoughtful appraisal of social contexts and
circumstances that better explain another person’s thinking, feeling and behavior. Social
context appraisal can also transcend individual behavior and extend to the culturally
transmitted “norms” of small and large groups. Failures in societal perspective taking could
be thought of as a loss of common sense (Stanghellini 2000). Perspective taking and the
related social context appraisal, appreciation of one’s own and another’s affect, reflection
on past interpersonal experiences, and development of a shared understanding, are the
major areas of learning that constitute the CET program. In every group exercise, homework,
and feedback experience, participants are encouraged to think abstractly about one or more
of these concepts. CET is essentially a learning program whereby learning is self-defined
from within each participant through the experience of group interaction, and self- and
social reflection, that effectively energizes or restarts the inherent developmental process of
social cognition needed to acquire the cognitive competencies that support a personally
meaningful and rewarding life. In CET the participant learns to THINK AND FEEL as opposed
to simply learning MECHANICAL ACTION.
Since social cognition is unequivocally demonstrated to be the vessel by which healthy
individuality may grow in formation of the whole person by interacting with the social
environment in an appropriate manner, and constitutes the central avenue by which we are
defined as who we are, social cognition must be the central core through which the
remediation of all neuropsychological cognitive impairment is addressed, and, since social
cognition, like all other proposed discrete areas of neuropsychological cognition, are in truth,
composed of various interactions with each other, CET uses specific training modules
addressing so-called discrete neurocognitive functions that overlap and reinforce each other,
all processed through, and integrated within, areas of social cognition.
Program Curriculum
Computer-aided cognitive training. The CET curriculum consists of graduated computer-
aided training using attention, memory and problem-solving software. These software
exercises are coupled with social cognition group sessions. As stated above the emphasis of
CET is on social interaction and the group dynamic, and even the software exercises are
conducted within a socially interactive environment. For the software exercises this
environment is established by a buddy system, in which the participants are grouped in
pairs with the software exercises executed within a three-way interactive dialogue between
the paired participants and a clinician coach. The computer serves as the medium for
participant socialization and the provision of support and as an aid and stimulus in
identifying and resolving cognitive deficits demonstrated in the performance of the
exercises. The computer exercises then, while focusing on specific tasks, are always part of a
dialogue, and while building skills by repetition and gradual increments in difficulty as task
scores reach progressive stages of achievement, the computer exercises occur within, and
become part of, a social exchange so that all skills and each so-called discrete
neurocognitive function are exercised and integrated within an overall arena of social
cognition, by which social cognition is stimulated and developed through incidental (or
implicit) learning.
8. 8
The CET computer training is conducted on a weekly basis, generally consisting of a total of
60 hours, with each single session one hour in duration. This is a general guideline and,
depending on the severity of cognitive deficits, some participants will require less or more
sessions and shorter or longer sessions. In the CET clinical trial studies, each computer
training session was limited to a single pair of participants; in real world applications it might
be more cost-effective to train in a group of 3 or 4 pairs. The CET computer training consists
of three exercises from Dr Ben-Yishay’s Orientation Remediation Module developed at the
highly renowned New York University Rusk Institute of Rehabilitative Medicine Brain Injury
Day Treatment Program, New York, NY, USA (Ben-Yishay, Piasetsky and Rattok 1985),
focusing on vigilance, selective attention, the ability to shift between auditory and visual
modalities and rapid decision-making.
These attention-training exercises are followed by training in seven memory routines and
then by training in six problem-solving exercises, both from the neurocognitive training
system developed by Dr. Odie Bracy, Neuroscience Center of Indianapolis, Indianapolis,
Indiana, USA. The Bracy computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation programs developed at the
Neuroscience Center of Indianapolis are the single most widely adopted computer-based
intervention exercises for cognitive dysfunction in a wide variety of medical disorders in
hospitals, rehabilitation centers and clinics across the United States. In addition to
developing skills in the cognitive areas of attention, memory and problem solving, and
stimulating the development of social cognition, the CET computer training exercises build
mental stamina, the lack of mental stamina one of the major roadblocks to the
rehabilitation of cognitive impairment in many types of disorders, most notably
schizophrenia, major depression, severe ASD, dementia and in brain injury.
Social cognition group sessions. The social cognition group program consists of a highly
structured but never didactic or pedantic learning environment by which social
consciousness is internalized through education, instruction and feedback from homework,
reflection, discussion, observation, and participation in the group dynamic, its formalized
and unsaid rules and expectations and the consideration of the perspective of the other in
the group interrelationships in the naturally evolving bonding and identification with the
group and the individual connections forged with its fellow members.
The structured group environment provides a socializing experience in a nurturing,
supportive, reassuring atmosphere in which anxiety and pressure to perform/participate
and conform is minimized through a gentle orientation to the group process and a growing
sense of belonging to, and identifying with, the group. In being included and expected to
equally contribute her/his own thoughts and perceptions to every part of the group process
as an integral member of the group, each member begins to understand that every member
of the group, including her/himself, is critical to the group, without which the group
dynamic is substantively changed. Any sense of pressure or anxiety of fully participating in
the group is gradually eliminated as each member visualizes her/himself as part of the
working group, and her or his input and participation is not distinct from the group and not
judged by it or its rules, but rather an inextricable component of the group, its process and
its unique dynamic.
9. 9
Though instructionally based, with guided rules of participation, the structured learning
environment of the CET social cognition group program does not indoctrinate or impose a
rigid prescription of social behavior, but sets an example of social decorum through which
sensitivity to, and understanding of, social context, perspective taking and affective
engagement takes place, whereby the basic tenets of social behavior may be gleaned,
generalized and logically applied to the myriad contexts of real-world social interaction. In
the group process the trainee practices verbalizing and expressing clear thinking and
observes and learns from the other group members who variously succeed or fail in their
responses or assignments. Trainees are rewarded for their successes and supported and
encouraged when struggling. The group experience provides a nonthreatening venue to
acquire and strengthen basic abilities essential for the development of social cognition, such
as how to make and complete an intelligible statement, how to ask questions or give one’s
opinion appropriately and sensitively, how to agree and tactfully disagree, and how to
become an active and attentive listener. All group activities are designed to 1) keep
members focused on a task; 2) instruct and reinforce how to use language in a socially
appropriate and relevant manner; 3) instruct and reinforce how to give and receive
constructive feedback about how a member performs a designated activity; 4) instruct and
reinforce how to best utilize and benefit from interactive coaching; and 5) instruct and
reinforce how to tailor one’s performance to the particular nature or characteristics of a
given audience and/or situation.
Through the group process a trainee practices giving support and acting empathetically and
understanding someone else’s feelings in different situations (i.e. perspective taking) within
the “living theatre” of the group with its different members, personalities and problems ––
learning through instruction, experiences, interacting, cooperation, teamwork, feedback,
discussions and exchanges of opinions, and the freeing up and development of one’s own
affective responsiveness and thinking though situations and contexts; learning not by strict
rules, rote memory or conditioned behavior, but by the natural “incidental” or implicit
learning that characterizes the learning acquired by the experiences of living a normal life in
the real world without the real-world threats and chaos that overwhelm those with
cognitive deficits.
The CET social cognition group consists of 6 to 8 group members. The program outline
that follows is based on a 6-member group. The CET social cognition group program is
composed of 45 1.5 hour sessions, one session per week. The sessions are numbered
sequentially and divided into 3 modules: a) module I -- basic concepts; b) module II -- social
cognition; and c) module III -- CET applications. Though module II is identified as a “social
cognition” module, the CET social cognition group program is inherently a program of
social cognition development and reinforcement, with all three modules devoted to
developing and reinforcing social cognition; module I providing the fundamental concepts of
CET and its focus on social cognition, module III directed toward the application of social
cognitive skills in different aspects of social interaction, and module II concentrating on the
discrete processes that constitute social cognition per se. The sessions of the CET social
cognition group program described herein are numbered in ascending numerical order
corresponding to level of difficulty, from lowest to highest, and should be presented in
order. Sessions 1, 2 and 3, which provide a basic orientation to CET, social cognition and the
group structure and process, must be presented at the beginning of the program in
10. 10
sequential order. Though the general program is composed of 45 sessions, two additional
less-structured sessions may be appended to the program if deemed needed to clear up any
points that remain problematic for any member.
Each of the three CET social cognition group program modules are composed of a set of
sessions, each session identified by number and by psychoeducation topic and exercise
theme, as follows:
Module I
Basic Concepts
(Psychoeducation topic/Exercise theme)
Session 1 Orientation to CET
Session 2 Understanding one’s disorder or disability/Initial recovery plans #1
Session 3 Components of CET/Initial recovery plans #2
Session 4 Internal coping –– signals of distress/Categorization #1
Session 5 Internal coping –– modifying stress/Categorization #2
Session 6 Getting motivated/Categorization #3
Session 7 Regulating your emotions/Categorization #4
Session 8 The gist/Sound bite #1
Session 9 Memory/Sound bite #2
Session 10 Cognitive flexibility/Sound bite #3
Session 11 Quiz #1/Sound bite #4
Module 2
Social Cognition
(Psychoeducation topic/Exercise theme)
Session 12 Overview of social cognition/Introduce yourself #1
Session 13 Social context appraisal/Introduce yourself #2
Session 14 Perspective taking/Introduce yourself #3
Session 15 Emotional temperature taking/Introduce yourself #4
Session 16 Non-verbal cues/Introduce yourself #5
Session 17 Listening and giving support/Introduce yourself #6
Session 18 Elaborated and unelaborated speech/Introduce yourself (optional)
Session 19 Motivational account/Dragnet and Columbo #1
Session 20 Responding to a valid criticism/Dragnet and Columbo #2
Session 21 Responding to an invalid criticism/Dragnet and Columbo #3
Session 22 Expressing criticism/Dragnet and Columbo #4
Session 23 Self-defeating thinking/Condensed message #1
Session 24 How to change self-defeating thinking/Condensed message #2
Session 25 Consequences of self-defeating thinking I/Condensed message #3
Session 26 Consequences of self-defeating thinking II/Condensed message #4
Session 27 Quiz/Interim recovery plans
11. 11
Module 3
CET Applications
(Psychoeducation topic/Exercise theme)
Session 28 Interim recovery plans
Session 29 Common social dilemmas/Using CET to help a friend #1
Session 30 Adjustment to disability/Using CET to help a friend #2
Session 31 Managing your disability/Using CET to help a friend #3
Session 32 What is still missing in your life?/Using CET to help a friend #4
Session 33 Initiating conversation/Initiating and maintaining conversation #1
Session 34 Vocational effectiveness/Initiating and maintaining conversation #2
Session 35 CET and relationships/Initiating and maintaining conversation #3
Session 36 Choosing an environment/Initiating and maintaining conversation #4
Session 37 Generalization –– the transfer of learning/Introduce a friend #1
Session 38 Obstacles to implementing CET/Introduce a friend #2
Session 39 Transitions/Introduce a friend #3
Session 40 Play #1 –– office politics/Introduce a friend #4
Session 41 Play #1 –– office politics (continued)/Introduce a friend #5
Session 42 Play #2 –– hidden agenda/Introduce a friend #6
Session 43 Begin final recovery plans
Session 44 Final quiz
Session 45 CET topic presentations
Except for sessions 1, 2 and 3, which provide an introduction and orientation to the CET
concepts and the group structure, the CET social cognition group sessions follow a
standardized format that includes the following components:
1) “Welcome back” opening presentation reviewing the previous session,
introducing the agenda for the day, and selecting a group member to be the “chairperson”
for the day’s session.
2) Homework presentation by each group member with questioning by the coaches
to foster deeper perspectives and wider implications on the points covered in the
homework assignment.
3) An assigned exercise (from one of 8 themes) that (with the exception of the
“introduce yourself” and “introduce a friend” exercises) involves at least 2 group members.
Feedback on the performance of the exercise is provided from all the members not
participating in the exercise, and from the coaches, the feedback concerning the elements
of thinking, emotion and teamwork as related to the exercise and the extent of adherence
to the coaching instructions provided during the performance of the exercise.
4) A psychoeducation talk with summary handouts provided for each group member
for reference.
5) Homework assignment for the next session based on the day’s psychoeducation
talk. Each group member’s recovery plan (consisting of goal, problem and strategies for
problem resolution) is displayed on an individual poster board, and, whenever possible,
12. 12
coaching instructions and feedback take into consideration each individual’s recovery plan,
explaining how the coaching instructions and feedback may be relevant to the specific goal,
problem and strategies of each plan. Exceptional among cognitive remediation modalities,
in CET each group participant is fully responsible for the development of her or his own
recovery plan.
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1
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