This document proposes an internship to develop an arts-based program to address mental health among college students at CUNY. It provides background on the need to address mental health through innovative approaches. A conceptual model is presented showing factors that contribute to student stress, including cultural, social, and environmental factors. The internship aims to create a curriculum using art to help alleviate stress. Short and long-term outcomes are outlined, showing how the program could benefit students' daily lives and provide evidence to support future mental health legislation. Careful evaluation of program activities and their ability to achieve outcomes is discussed. The goal is to explore how art can fit into traditional mental health interventions and expand knowledge in the field.
'La prevención y el abordaje de la depresión en el ámbito laboral'. Este es el título de la jornada que organizamos el día 14 de junio de 2016 la Fundación Ramón Areces y la Fundación Española de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (FEPSM). La Organización Mundial de la Salud alerta de que la depresión es una enfermedad que llega a afectar a una de cada cinco o seis personas a lo largo de su vida.
The opportunity and waste of human potential: Managing the mental health of t...Studiosity.com
At Studiosity's "Students First 2019" Symposium:
The renowned youth mental health advocate, Australian of the Year, and this year's keynote, Professor Pat McGorry, addressed the critical need for early intervention for tertiary students.
This year's Studiosity 'Students First' Symposium was hosted at La Trobe University City Campus, 25 and 26 July 2019.
Presentation of current evidence for promotion of mental wellbeing and prevention of mental disorders. The presentation argues for moving from research to action, using the mental health in all policies approach.
Mental Health Status and Drug Use Pattern among Pensioners in Ekiti State Nig...inventionjournals
Retirement is a major phase in the life of an individual affecting the social and economic aspect, and if not well managed may have implication on the mental health of the individuals involved.The study examined the mental health status of pensioners and their pattern of drug use in relation to the mode of retirement. 262 pensioners consisting of159 males and 103 females drawn from Ekiti State participated in the study. General health questionnaire and Drug use Scale were employed to collect data. One Way ANOVA and Independent t-test were used to test the three hypotheses stated. Result showed that, retirement type has a significant influence on somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, but not on depression. Results showed thatalcohol consumption has a significant influence on somatic symptoms, anxiety and depression, but not on social dysfunction. Results also showed how the pensionersvary in their mental health status relating to somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression and social dysfunction. A significant sex difference was also reported in drug and alcohol use but not in their mental health.
'La prevención y el abordaje de la depresión en el ámbito laboral'. Este es el título de la jornada que organizamos el día 14 de junio de 2016 la Fundación Ramón Areces y la Fundación Española de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (FEPSM). La Organización Mundial de la Salud alerta de que la depresión es una enfermedad que llega a afectar a una de cada cinco o seis personas a lo largo de su vida.
The opportunity and waste of human potential: Managing the mental health of t...Studiosity.com
At Studiosity's "Students First 2019" Symposium:
The renowned youth mental health advocate, Australian of the Year, and this year's keynote, Professor Pat McGorry, addressed the critical need for early intervention for tertiary students.
This year's Studiosity 'Students First' Symposium was hosted at La Trobe University City Campus, 25 and 26 July 2019.
Presentation of current evidence for promotion of mental wellbeing and prevention of mental disorders. The presentation argues for moving from research to action, using the mental health in all policies approach.
Mental Health Status and Drug Use Pattern among Pensioners in Ekiti State Nig...inventionjournals
Retirement is a major phase in the life of an individual affecting the social and economic aspect, and if not well managed may have implication on the mental health of the individuals involved.The study examined the mental health status of pensioners and their pattern of drug use in relation to the mode of retirement. 262 pensioners consisting of159 males and 103 females drawn from Ekiti State participated in the study. General health questionnaire and Drug use Scale were employed to collect data. One Way ANOVA and Independent t-test were used to test the three hypotheses stated. Result showed that, retirement type has a significant influence on somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, but not on depression. Results showed thatalcohol consumption has a significant influence on somatic symptoms, anxiety and depression, but not on social dysfunction. Results also showed how the pensionersvary in their mental health status relating to somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression and social dysfunction. A significant sex difference was also reported in drug and alcohol use but not in their mental health.
The “Project Maanasi” is a mission to deliver mental health and primary care services to poor rural women and children in southern India. The goal of the program has been to provide low cost or free care to villagers, sustained outreach to those who cannot access the clinic, and educate patients and others about seeking care to improve their lives.
Some more optimistic findings from research about ageing across the world. Talk given by Ken Laidlaw, Consultant Clinical Psychologist, NHS Lothian. Edinburgh City Chambers, 29th January 2009.
Assessment of Stress Levels among Undergraduates in Nigeria: Implication for ...iosrjce
This study assessed the stress levels among undergraduates in Nigeria, focusing on Babcock
University. Using multistage sampling, 605 students were selected from 5 out of the 6 schools in the University
to participate in the study. The factors examined included age, gender, religion and marital status of the
respondents. Also, the respondents were classed into different stress personality types using the previously
standardized Emotional Stress Inventory Questionnaire (ESIQ). Common stressors were also identified. The
majorities of the respondents (78%) were less than 20 years of age, female (54%), single (96%), belong to the
Yoruba ethnic group (56%) and are Christians (91%). Also, 60% of the respondents belong to personality type
A. Top ten stressors causing moderate to high stress among respondents were academic oriented. However, the
major stressor was the fear of graduating (with a mean of 3.02±1.11). Policies and programmes geared towards
enhancing effective stress coping strategies, especially targeting key stressors, should be put in place by
appropriate educational ministries and by the University administration. Furthermore, Corroborative
intervention education should be designed and administered to University students by public and mental health
experts in order to help student develop personal coping skills and reduce stress on our campuses.
This document provides a summary of the 2010 annual year in review presentation conducted by Dr. Stan Kutcher, the Sun Life Financial Chair in Adolescent Mental Health, on February 10, 2011
WASP Globalization Symposium- "Where Is the Child in Global Mental Health?" Vincenzo Di Nicola, MD, PhD
23rd WASP World Congress. Bucharest, Romania, Saturday, 26 October 2019, 10:45 – 11:45 am
The “Project Maanasi” is a mission to deliver mental health and primary care services to poor rural women and children in southern India. The goal of the program has been to provide low cost or free care to villagers, sustained outreach to those who cannot access the clinic, and educate patients and others about seeking care to improve their lives.
Some more optimistic findings from research about ageing across the world. Talk given by Ken Laidlaw, Consultant Clinical Psychologist, NHS Lothian. Edinburgh City Chambers, 29th January 2009.
Assessment of Stress Levels among Undergraduates in Nigeria: Implication for ...iosrjce
This study assessed the stress levels among undergraduates in Nigeria, focusing on Babcock
University. Using multistage sampling, 605 students were selected from 5 out of the 6 schools in the University
to participate in the study. The factors examined included age, gender, religion and marital status of the
respondents. Also, the respondents were classed into different stress personality types using the previously
standardized Emotional Stress Inventory Questionnaire (ESIQ). Common stressors were also identified. The
majorities of the respondents (78%) were less than 20 years of age, female (54%), single (96%), belong to the
Yoruba ethnic group (56%) and are Christians (91%). Also, 60% of the respondents belong to personality type
A. Top ten stressors causing moderate to high stress among respondents were academic oriented. However, the
major stressor was the fear of graduating (with a mean of 3.02±1.11). Policies and programmes geared towards
enhancing effective stress coping strategies, especially targeting key stressors, should be put in place by
appropriate educational ministries and by the University administration. Furthermore, Corroborative
intervention education should be designed and administered to University students by public and mental health
experts in order to help student develop personal coping skills and reduce stress on our campuses.
This document provides a summary of the 2010 annual year in review presentation conducted by Dr. Stan Kutcher, the Sun Life Financial Chair in Adolescent Mental Health, on February 10, 2011
WASP Globalization Symposium- "Where Is the Child in Global Mental Health?" Vincenzo Di Nicola, MD, PhD
23rd WASP World Congress. Bucharest, Romania, Saturday, 26 October 2019, 10:45 – 11:45 am
6 & 7 November 2013, Granada
UNI Europa project EWCs : tools for transnational trade union action
Final conference, Strengthening EWC through better trade union coordination to tackle the effects of the crisis
18-20 February 2014, Sevilla - ETUI -
Participants’ profile: TU officials of UNI Europa affiliates of different sectors and regions, who have been nominated by UNI Europa secretariat to coordinate one or more EWCs
Objective: Promote communication and coordination across UNI Europa sectors. To do so, role of coordinator will be discussed, EU texts & mechanisms put forward, participants experience shared
Among those that have participated to both events, a group formed and started asking the question: “in addition to constantly specializing the EWC components, how would it be possible to spread basic knowledge to the whole audience? This is how the To.Be.e EWC project was born.
2014 11 05 uni europa project ewc fit for purpose gabriele guglielmi_to be e ewc_eng
Hispanic Consumer Insights on Real Estate Homebuying OYE! Intelligence
Eric Diaz, CFO of OYE! Business Intelligence presented on the Hispanic consumer in the real estate market when purchasing a home for the Hispanic Association of Real Estate Professionals (HAREP) in Arizona.
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 2
Evidence Based Practice Grant Proposal
Table of Contents
31.Purpose
42.Background
5Research objectives
6Theoretical framework
63.EBP Model
74.Proposed Change
85.Outcomes
86.Evaluation Plan
97.Dissemination Plan
9Tools to be Used
9Peer review tools for the proposal
11Grant Request
11Proposed Tasks
11Task 1: Case study- Reviewing existing literature on stigma around mental health complications
11Task 2: Interviewing clinicians that have dealt with the study topic
12Task 3: Interviewing patients of mental health
12Schedule
13Budget
148.Appendices
14a.Informed Consent
19Certificate of Consent
19Signature or Date
21b.Literature Matrix
32c.Tools and equipment to be used
34References
Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a ...
10 STRATEGIC POINTS DOCUMENT 2 THE 10 STRATEGIC POsimisterchristen
10 STRATEGIC POINTS DOCUMENT 2
THE 10 STRATEGIC POINTS 2
SAMPLE 10 STRATEGIC POINTS
Grand Canyon University
DNP-820A: Translational Research and Evidence-Based Practice
10 Strategic Points Document for a Quality Improvement Project
Ten Strategic Points
The 10 Strategic Points
Title of Project
1)
Title of Project
Impact the number of depression screenings and referrals to a child psychologist
Background
Theoretical Foundation
Literature Synthesis
Practice Change Recommendation
2)
Background to Chosen Evidence-Based Intervention:
List the primary points for six sections.
i) Background of the practice problem/gap at the project site
One of the primary causes of disability worldwide, depression affects a sizable percentage of the population. Persistent feelings of sadness and guilt, changes in sleeping patterns (insomnia or oversleeping), changes in appetite, decreased mental and physical energy, unusual irritability, inability to enjoy once-enjoyed activities, difficulty working, and thoughts of death or suicide are all symptoms that can be associated with any type of depressive disorder. These "down" symptoms alone may indicate a unipolar depressive disorder like dysthymia or severe depression if they are present. A person may be diagnosed with bipolar illness if they experience alternating spells of depression and euphoria. Adolescents and young adults increasingly have difficulties with their mental health (Poppen et al., 2016). An individual's mental health is something only they can fully comprehend, making it difficult for friends and loved ones to spot warning signs in time to intervene. Juvenile and young adult suicide is a major problem in today's world. A lack of life experiences, self-confidence, and faith in one's own skills contribute to the suicides of many young individuals.
ii) Significance of the practice problem/gap at the project site
Mental illness has been a problem that is affected the population for a long period and worryingly young people and adolescents are experiencing many effects that lead to some committing suicide. The stress that today's youth encounter nowadays is the most significant of all these issues, especially the pressure they receive based on their academic expectations and poor communication about their troubles to their parents. There is also a gap in the schools in terms of students receiving counseling services because there are limited professional counselors that attend to student needs. Despite the fact that psychologists claim stress could be caused by anything, many young people find the rapid pace of modern life to be a significant source of anxiety. Many young individuals are inspired to take their own lives by the media's glorified depiction of suicide (Poppen et al., 2016). The reality that suicide is always fatal seems to be lost on many young people. Young people, in other words, consider suicide an o ...
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 2
Evidence Based Practice Grant Proposal
Table of Contents
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
9
11
11
11
11
12
12
13
14
14
19
19
21
32
34
Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a disruption in mental well-being.
The risk factors to mental health problems are not limited and therefore everyone is entitled to the problem irrespective of gender, economic status, and ethnic group. For example, data shows that in America one out of five individuals experience mental health problems annually; with mental disorders being recognized as the leading cause of disability not only in the United States but also globally (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). Mental health disorders are seen to be complex and of many forms such as anxiety, mood, and schizophren.
Breaking the Stigma The Rise of Mental Health as a Global Priority.pdfOnkarWeginwar1
Once relegated to the shadows, mental health has emerged as a critical global concern. The stigma surrounding mental health is gradually dissipating as societies recognize the profound impact of mental well-being on individuals, communities, and economies. This whitepaper explores the growing awareness of mental health issues, the efforts to break down stigmas, and the steps governments, organizations, and individuals take to prioritize mental health globally.
A general overview on Social Work in Psychiatric Settings.
Global and National Statistics on Mental Health.
Role and Challenges of Psychiatric Social Worker.
For each of the learning objectives, provide an analysis of how thShainaBoling829
For each of the learning objectives, provide an analysis of how the course supported each objective.
1. Discriminate among the mechanisms of action for the major classes of drugs/medications
2. Critique evidence that supports proposed pharmacotherapeutic protocols for appropriateness of application across the lifespan
3. Integrate the teaching-learning needs of clients across the lifespan when proposing pharmacotherapies
4. Propose prescriptive therapies for selected clients evaluating safety factors while utilizing knowledge of how current health status, age, gender, culture, genetic factors, ethical concerns and prescriptive authority impact decision making
Explain how the material learned in this course, based upon the objectives, will be applicable to professional application.
Provide evidence (citations and references) to support your statements and opinions.
All references and citations should in APA format.
14
Mental Health and Social Work
Shanae Hampton
Cal Baptist University
Introduction
How well a person is able to live a full life, build and maintain relationships and pursue their education, profession or other pursuits requires them to maintain their well-being ranging from physical to mental health. When assisting others to achieve good and self-motivated changes, social workers draw on their relationship-based abilities and emphasize personalization and rehabilitation. A key issue is, "What components and obstacles of an assessment are there in order to reach these outcomes?" When it comes to health promotion and public involvement, social workers are well-suited for this role since primary care is all about these things. Social workers who deal with mental health have unique challenges in assessment, which necessitates them learning and using psychiatric principles. Identifying the need for mental health care requires an understanding of assessment principles.
For this research, the focus is on urban youth's increase in mental health cases which is more influenced by lack of access to mental health care as a result of poverty that affects many children and families in the US. Young people are the most impacted by poverty, accounting for 33% of the total number of individuals in poverty. Children who live in "high risk neighborhoods" are more likely to lack access to the mental health supports they need to manage their symptoms. Stabilization, individual treatment, and symptom management are all important aspects of aftercare for children who have been hospitalized for behavioral difficulties by the time they are six years old (Hodgkinson, 2017).
Literature Review
Inequality based on race and class has been shown to be associated with a variety of negative health outcomes, including poor mental health. Increased financial disparity is associated with an increase in the prevalence of mental illness along a social gradient in mental health. However, psychiatric and psychological approaches have dominated ment ...
Read and respond to each peer initial post with 3-4 sentence long re.docxniraj57
Read and respond to each peer initial post with 3-4 sentence long response
Peer #1
For the Research Assignment, I have chosen to focus on an area of Healthcare that rarely gets the
attention it deserves.
Mental health.
I
chose this topic because I am personally effected by it and so are many millions of Americans. Mental illness is also one of the leading causes of
death in our nation and one life is lost as a result of suicide, abuse or incarceration every 17mins in the United States. Mental illness has been my
area of focus throughout this program and the advocacy and participatory philosophy will be useful for the final project because it suggests that
“
that research inquiry needs to be intertwined with politics and a political agenda” (Creswell, p.9). I do believe that mental health has a specific
agenda for a study and that there has been constant aim for reform in healthcare and mental health. This social issue is definitely pertinent right
now and topics that address it such as “empowerment, inequality, oppression, domination, suppression, and alienation” (Creswell, p.9), and are
really the focus of the study. The goal of this project for me, is to provide a voice to participants and give them the ability address the concerns that
will lead to reform.
According to Kemmis and Wilkinson (1998) this philosophy offers four key features of the advocacy/participatory framework of inquiry:
1. Participatory actions are focused on bringing about change, and at the end of this type of study, researchers create an action agenda for change.
2. It is focused on freeing individuals from societal constraints, which is why the study begins with an important issue currently in society.
3. It aims to create a political debate so that change will occur.
4. Since advocacy/participatory researchers engage participants as active contributors to the research, it is a collaborative experience.
Research Problem Statement
My Vision is to Provide members of the community with the opportunities and education needed to prevent death due to suicide, acts of self-harm
and the traumatic impact of mental illness. By promoting resilience, the enhancement of community resources, conflict resolution and support for
individuals, families and the communities of those who suffer with mental disorders, illness or have a sudden mental health crisis. The target
population includes all individuals within Chatham County, with unmet mental health needs.
These individuals are currently not being served by
traditional methods due to financial, structural, and personal barriers including access and stigma. Untreated mental health
issues of these
individuals put them at risk for exacerbation of physical health problems, suicide attempts, premature moves to long-term care settings, and
psychiatric hospitalization, incarceration, residential alcohol/drug treatment or homelessness. The target population is all individuals within
Chatham County, ...
MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEINGPublic Health IssueMe.docxARIV4
MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING
Public Health Issue
Mental and Emotional Well-being
By: Kristi Felch
Public health issue: Mental and Emotional Wellbeing
Analysis of the mental and emotional wellbeing
In many nations s the mental health of the citizens of the country is recognised largely as the key element towards the human development regarding his physical health. Furthermore, the mental health is a vital capstone toward the improvement of the socioeconomic status in a nation. Mental disorders especially depressions have contributed largely to the deterioration of the economic level of the relative organisation and the country at large (Grob, 2016).
Economic principles and indicators of mental and emotional wellbeing
The high ascending rate of mental health in the society have to lead to an increase in demand for identification of the evidence that supports the mental health traces in people. More likely, there is a need for investigation of the most effective ways that can be used to cube this factor, which should be very cost effective. Mental health or the physical well-being is a key factor in determining the behaviour of the individual in the employment environment as well as in the marketing environment (Grob, 2016).
Mental health will contribute on the way the resources are distributed among the individual making up a society. Furthermore, economics will be concerned on how the diverse ways of resources allocation have an impact on the society people. However, the resources available to meet all the health needs are very finite (Grob, 2016).
About the mental health and emotional well-being, the decision on the allocation of resources is a very complicated decision as the mental diseases tend to be common, disabling and long-lasting. Mental disorders are associated with welfare cases. When people in a society or a nation have conflicts as a result of mental disorders, they will affect the economic status of the nation. This is evidenced by the destruction of available resources. Despite this, inflation is another key economic indicator associated with mental disorders (Grob, 2016). A nation will secure loans from other nation with the aim of conquering the mental health issue. This will raise the level of inflation in the affected nation as it tries to coup with the payment of the loans.
Economic impact of mental health and wellbeing
1. Unemployment and poverty
Mental disorders are characterized by the fact that the mentally affected people will always tend to be accompanied by job-related issues. For instance, a mentally affected person will have a periodic character of absenteeism in the job. This will mean that the affected worker will not perform his delegated tasks. The employers will not allow such a worker, and he ends up quitting the job (World Health Organization, 2014).
2. Effect on personal income
As the rate of mental health increase, it affects the rate of working of the affected person regard ...
From Populations to Patients: Social Determinants of Health & Mental Health i...Université de Montréal
Abstract:
The overall objective of this webinar is to harness the powerful data of populational studies to patients in clinical practice.
This is effectively a plan for applying social psychiatry to the clinic –a call for “Clinical Social Psychiatry.”
This objective will be addressed through three goals with seven steps:
(A) Review social psychiatry’s powerful populational studies on psychiatric epidemiology and Social Determinants of Health & Mental Health (SDH/MH)
1. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Studies
2. Global Mental Health (GMH) – Treatment Gaps
3. Epidemiology to reflect the burden of disease
(B) Promote translational research of social psychiatric studies – redefining health in social terms
4a. Translational research to redefine health
4b. Mental health in a social context (C) Provide ground-level prescriptions aimed at prevention, promotion, intervention, and adaptation
5. Mental health services to be delivered where people live
6. Shared care/integrated care/collaborative care
7. We can’t do everything – address common and pressing problems
Keywords: Populational studies, social determinants of health & mental health (SDH/MH), translational research, ground-level prescriptions
The job is just to read each individual peer post that I put there.docxarmitageclaire49
The job is just to read each individual peer post that I put there and respond to them with a response of 3-4 sentences long
Peer #1
For the Research Assignment, I have chosen to focus on an area of Healthcare that rarely gets the
attention it deserves Mental health. I
chose this topic because I am personally effected by it and so are many millions of Americans. Mental illness is also one of the leading causes of
death in our nation and one life is lost as a result of suicide, abuse or incarceration every 17mins in the United States. Mental illness has been my
area of focus throughout this program and the advocacy and participatory philosophy will be useful for the final project because it suggests that “
that research inquiry needs to be intertwined with politics and a political agenda” (Creswell, p.9). I do believe that mental health has a specific
agenda for a study and that there has been constant aim for reform in healthcare and mental health. This social issue is definitely pertinent right
now and topics that address it such as “empowerment, inequality, oppression, domination, suppression, and alienation” (Creswell, p.9), and are
really the focus of the study. The goal of this project for me, is to provide a voice to participants and give them the ability address the concerns that
will lead to reform.
According to Kemmis and Wilkinson (1998) this philosophy offers four key features of the advocacy/participatory framework of inquiry:
1. Participatory actions are focused on bringing about change, and at the end of this type of study, researchers create an action agenda for change.
2. It is focused on freeing individuals from societal constraints, which is why the study begins with an important issue currently in society.
3. It aims to create a political debate so that change will occur.
4. Since advocacy/participatory researchers engage participants as active contributors to the research, it is a collaborative experience.
Research Problem Statement
My Vision is to Provide members of the community with the opportunities and education needed to prevent death due to suicide, acts of self-harm
and the traumatic impact of mental illness. By promoting resilience, the enhancement of community resources, conflict resolution and support for
individuals, families and the communities of those who suffer with mental disorders, illness or have a sudden mental health crisis. The target
population includes all individuals within Chatham County, with unmet mental health needs. These individuals are currently not being served by
traditional methods due to financial, structural, and personal barriers including access and stigma. Untreated mental health issues of these
individuals put them at risk for exacerbation of physical health problems, suicide attempts, premature moves to long-term care se.
2. 2
“What we change inwardly will change outer reality”
Plutarch, Lives
Mental health is an area of public health that has not garnered the same amount of
interventions for it is a long term, individualistic health problem (Le Gales-Camus, 2004). In the
WHO 1946 preamble, they defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being rather than merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1948). However, the
mental health aspect has been a side note. Even more so, not having a mental health component
along with any program ignores how behavior is mainly psychological. For instance, depression
has been found to be a detrimental to diabetic patients. Depressed diabetes patients saw worse
health outcomes as opposed to other patients (Zhang, Norris, & Gregg, 2005). Worse health
outcomes could be as a result of not having the emotional energy to take insulin or eat properly.
This is not limited to public health interventions, mental health in general is not a generally
acceptable to be addressed openly in society like physical problems, so we are facing a mental
health crises (Le Gales-Camus, 2004).
Mental health is a state of wellness wherein which every individual realizes their own
potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and
contribute to their community (WHO, 2014). Mental health can affect anyone, at any time, but is
stressed by environmental, biological, and socioeconomic factors (Esterling, L'Abate, Murray, &
Pennebaker 1999). Mental health is also associated with rapid social change, stressful work
conditions, gender discrimination, social exclusion, etc. (WHO, 2014). Keeping this in mind,
incidence is a hard measure to find for mental health. Mental health usually is associated with
mental health disorders, which are ongoing, serious conditions.
Finding figures for mental health disorders are important, but that does not include people
who experience periods of stress that do not have mental health disorders. The prevalence of
3. 3
mental health and its detrimental effects were found using PubMed, TedX, and others using
prevalence keywords such as ‘mental,’ ‘emotional,’ and ‘depression.’ Statistics and figures found
help illuminate how widespread mental illness is globally and in the NYC community
specifically.
Globally, 450 million people suffer from mental health disorders. Although this seems
like a larger number, this goes up exponentially when accounting for all the people going
through episodes of mental illness. One in four adults (61.5 million people) in America will
experience a mental illness within this next year along with 1 in 17 (13.6 million) Americans
facing a severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia, major depression or bipolar disorder (NIH).
About 3.6% of New Yorkers face mental illness, which is below the US rate of 4%, but only
38.5% of mentally ill adults in NY state access services (SAMHSA, 2013). Breaking it down to
New York City dwellers alone, a much more urban environment than the rest of New York state,
furthers the viewpoint that the burden of mental health is continuous.
New York City has declared in their mission statement for the Community Health Survey
that “Understanding how community conditions affect our physical and mental health is the first
step toward building a healthier New York City” (King, Hinterland, Dragan, 2015). New York
City believes in the importance of mental health, for it contributes to a better state of being. The
population of interest for this internship will be college students at City University of New York
(CUNY). College is an already a stressful experience; additionally one-half of all chronic mental
illness begins by the age of 14, increasing to three-quarters by age 24 (NAMI). The New York
City Youth Risk Behavior Survey found that suicide was the third leading cause of death for
youth in the city along with 24 to 40% reporting persistent emotional disturbance (2008). The
4. 4
internship is focused on the college aged population of NYC and their mental well-being, for
they are the focus of much of the CUNY departments public health efforts.
What the CUNY Public Health Department site strives for is to, “Promote health and
social justice in New York City and across the globe through innovation and leadership”
(CUNY). This program developed specifically for this internship will take place in New York
City, but the mission of the program is to tackle a global problem. Depression is estimated by
2040 to be up there with diabetes and heart disease as one of the leading causes of disability
(WHO, 2014). Since half of all college students who drop out for mental health reasons did not
seek out mental health services (NAMI), innovative programming needs to be established to
tackle this burden.
The non-health problem the internship will address is finding innovative ways to tackle
mental health, specifically the utility of art to reduce stress. This a critical point for public health,
as result of the spread of new forms of communication, for now new innovations will spread
even more rapidly than in the past, so understanding innovations is now more important than
ever (Greenberg, 2006). College is a time of great stress and this can be exacerbated by multiple
factors, so while mental health services can intervene, their lack of unlimited funds makes them
vulnerable to not providing for each student (Stein, Sontag-Padilla, Osilla 2012, and Holterman,
2015). There has been a substantial increase in people accessing mental health services, but not
all of their needs can be met (Stein, Sontag-Padilla, Osilla 2012). Innovation allows for newer,
more democratic, and more cost effective means to go into schools to resolve shortfalls in mental
health care.
Innovation needs to be tested, for it could lead to longstanding benefits. We need to
know much more about the implications of innovations for the public as a whole, for specific
5. 5
segments of the public, for government, and for business. Innovations are successful in some
places and times and failures in others, but this information will tell us how innovators deal with
the diversity of norms that can influence the adoption and long-term prognosis of a public
health–related innovation. In some settings, public health practitioners trying to develop and
market innovative programs and tools face a much more difficult path that requires them to go
through hoops to identify the right ways to shape their innovations to their organizations specific
requirements (Greenberg, 2006). CUNY is allowing the internship to break this mold and to
utilize innovation to improve the field. Although the health and non health problem have been
approved by CUNY, there still needs to be compensation for any ethical problems that arise with
sensitive subject matter.
As with working with any population in mental health, there will be ethical dilemmas that
come up. The first ethical dilemma is how to properly address mental health while being
sensitive to each individuals’ emotional welfare. Mental health is a deeply private issue, so steps
and training need to be taken to better manage how to deal with someone who may be showing
erratic emotional health while in the focus groups. A primary ethical dilemma is not bringing in
personal bias on youth and maturity. It is easy dismiss the complexity of emotional growth,
partly because mental health is seen as a character flaw, but it is important to recognize that
people have a greater knowledge of their own health care than I could ever assume. Keeping in
mind that innovation could have unforeseen pitfalls, a SWOT Analysis Worksheet will be used
to outline some key issues that could occur from a variety of physical to cultural sources.
The major components of a SWOT Analysis Worksheet are the strength and weaknesses
of the internal environment, and the opportunities and threats of the external environment. By
mapping out strengths and weaknesses, the interventionist will know what to expect internally
6. 6
and try to compensate for these elements. For the external environment, although it can not as
likely be controlled, it is important to take into consideration what could be the assets and
challenges of the world outside the intervention. Being aware of all these elements could lead to
compensating for these elements, while being prepared for things to go well when they do and
not go well when they do not.
INTERNAL
Environment
Strengths Weaknesses
Use of university funds and space
for research and program
implementation
Matches with the mission
statement of the department
Academic environment has a
wide breadth of specialties and
structural knowledge
Only me and preceptor now,
need to hire student workers
Cannot do some parts of the
intervention without University
approval such as focus groups
EXTERNAL
Environment
Opportunities Threats
Large, diverse city
Convenient population
Partnerships with local
organizations
Public transit will make it less
expensive for clients to come to
testing
Scheduling focus groups
Continuation of project beyond
May
Summer will disrupt population
size
Test subjects not being able to
return as a result of transfer,
graduation
Mental health innovation is needed to further not only the mission of CUNY, but also to
further the fields of mental and public health. The purpose of innovation is to formulate new
7. 7
ways of tackling complex problems that could benefit the entire public health field. Public health
touches on every challenge to our health, so finding strategies outside the norm should be
encouraged. These new strategies could go beyond what is currently offered. “Mental health
services historically have been marginalised and neglected, implying the need for the
introduction of radical innovation” (Brooks, Pilgrim, Rogers, 2011). Mental health has so many
intricacies that not one approach will help all, so a multitude of innovative approaches is needed
(Patel and Saxena, 2014).
This internship’s innovative approach to analyzing mental health is through art
programming. This will be done specifically through developing an arts based curriculum to help
the mental welfare of college students. Stress indicators will be pinpointed to focus the
curriculum. “Given the ubiquity of creative expression, as well as the relative ease of
engagement, the extent to which psychological and physiological effects are sustainably health
enhancing is an important area for public health investigation” (Stuckey & Nobel, 2010). The act
of creating art comes from an emotional reflection of everyday triumphs and challenges,
therefore art is best utilized when managing emotional health. Health psychologists have looked
at how the arts might be used to heal emotional injuries, increase understanding of oneself and
others, and alter behaviors and thinking patterns (Camic, 2008). The following changeability
matrix will relay broader contributing factors, while the conceptual model will show how certain
contributing factors lead to stress. The socioecological model for health promotion was used to
consider contributing factors of stress among college students across multiple ecological levels.
Factors identified using this framework will then be used to develop a conceptual model of the
health problem
9. 9
Before this creation of the conceptual map, a changeability matrix was used to reduce the
variety of factors that could be used as contributors to stress. The factors included in the
conceptual map are high to moderate priority according to the changeability matrix. The
conceptual model above shows all of the factors that could contribute to stress and how stress
affects the life of a student.
Cultural factors that could be indicators of stress level could be negative or positive.
Negative cultural factors include being away from home, seeing mental illness as a character
flaw, while a positive cultural factor is the positive shift in attitudes towards mental health .
Many students’ first experience with adulthood could be going away to college, so being away
for a protracted period of time could feelings of isolation (Leibow, 2010). Many who experience
mental disorders are worried about how their new independence may affect their drug fidelity
and relation to others, which could exacerbate pre-existing conditions (Kitzrow, 2003). On the
other side, a wider cultural acceptance of mental health could lead to more people recognizing
mental health management as an important part of personal development (Berger, 2002).
Social factors are related to cultural factors, for they are the result of how the culture is
disseminated in our lives in social media, dealing with peer pressure, getting into bad social
situations, and academic pressure. Students who typically drop out of college in poor academic
standing reported difficulties with anxiety, adjustment difficulties, loneliness, and self-doubt
issues that have been identified as negative influences on retention (Tinto, 1985). Many students
felt pressure to engage in ‘normal’ college activities such as sex, drugs, and hanging out with
new people, but this could lead to relationships that could hurt one’s academic standing (Leibow,
2010). A variety of social cultural factors such as early experimentation with drugs, alcohol, sex,
10. 10
and poor interpersonal attachments may account for some of the increase of people using mental
health services (Gallagher, Gill, & Sysko, 2000).
The built environment and access to health services are separate entities, but could be in
conjunction since CUNY is an urban school. The need to provide counseling for such a broad
range of students and issues including getting to appointments on time, living with new people
(strangers), life transitions, stress, and serious psychological problems is one of the major
challenges facing college counseling centers, a challenge that can be "daunting" at times (Archer
& Cooper 1998). At the very least, the needs of troubled students can be demanding and require
extra attention and time from administrators, faculty, and staff (Kitztrow, 2003).
All of these contributing factors are important to address in the global context, but it
would be impossible to address all of these factors. Socio-economic factors and the built
environment cannot be controlled in this setting, but these system-wide problems need to be
there for context of where some stress/anxiety can come from. We wish to address the cultural
and social factors presented in the causal model, but keeping in mind that the contributions of the
built environment and access to health services are important since they provide lens upon the
daily lives of the students. Innovation is key to this strategy for it allows a new way to look at the
issue, but we must learn from the past to understand how innovation could work.
Innovation is viewed as a pressing need within the field of mental health. It is, however,
poorly understood, because it is a new field with ever-present barriers (Brooks, Pilgrim, Rogers,
2011). Sometimes innovation is seen as a failure, even if it is successful in reaching its goals.
This could be the result of a disagreement between programmatic capacities and expectations of
the organization. Health educators were not able to help their clients in ways seen as directly
relevant to policy makers (Jewell, Davidson, Rowe, 2006). A key barrier to innovation is
11. 11
programmatic complexity. Even if evidence based, a lack of similar studies could make the
program not appealing enough to replicate. (Brooks, Pilgrim, Rogers, 2011). Even in evaluation,
assessing individual project successes by the end of the evaluation was provisional, because it
was not clear what might happen to participants or the program itself in the long term (Brooks,
Pilgrim, Rogers, 2011). There has not been much innovation in mental health, but that should not
deter from trying more, for it is an asset to the field.
The outcome objectives for this internship is that it finds an innovative approach to
mental health that is not dependent upon counseling only as an intervention for emotional health.
Counseling centers are necessary for students needing those services, but they have limited space
to meet those needs. By having alternative approaches to address mental health, more students
can access services and even more students who may not be comfortable in a counseling setting
could deal with mental health issues in an expressive way. The participants will be creating art
and discussing their artistic impetus in order to address plus alleviate stress. All people can create
art and creating art is a cathartic practice, especially if it is created with a sound plan and
curriculum. Innovation is the goal of the CUNY department, but this project is not just for the
internship. It is also furthering the field into the next generation, wherein innovation can lead to
better health outcomes.
During this internship, an innovative arts program will be built based upon the knowledge
gathered during the internship. Below will be a graphic representation of the intended impact of
the program from short to long term. This will serve as the first draft of the program model.
12. 12
The art program will help better the daily lives of students, while giving CUNY a new
method of addressing student stress. Furthermore, following the socio-ecological the data and
findings collected during this internship could provide evidence that supports future mental
health related legislation. Since the program models framework is based on the socio-ecological
model, all levels of the model have been compensated for so the outcomes abide by a multi-level
intervention.
All programs have desired outcomes, but they need an idea of how to measure the
activities needed to reach the outcomes. This program’s goal is to see the feasibility of how the
arts could fit into a more traditional intervention. While expanding knowledge of the field
through this program, careful consideration needs to be put in about what steps need to be taken
for the desired result. This program will be built on creating an arts based curriculum, which
could fall into just being a collection of data and not a flow of useful information (Kimpston and
Rogers, 1986). A logic model will be used to outline how the inputs, activities, and outputs lead
13. 13
to a desired outcome. This model will be especially useful to guide the efforts of the program,
the process of how it will happen, and the instruments for evaluation.
Inputs:Resources dedicated
to or consumed by the
program or internship
Activities: What the
program internship does with
the inputs to fulfill its
mission
Outputs:The direct products
of program or internship
activities
Outcomes:Results
anticipated as a consequence
of the Outputs
Use of CUNY
Facilities
Campus and Dept
wide emails can be
used
Incentives supplied
through university
funds
Survey of stress
indicators sent
through email
Focus Group on
Stress Indicators
Analyze Data on
focus group
Research how art
can address top
stress indicators
Build curriculum
around stress
indicators
Focus Group on art
towards chosen
stress indicators
Edit Curriculum
based on focus
groups
Survey will have a
60% response rate
so certain trends
can come about
Insight into which
stressors are the
most pressing
Determine which
stressors to focus
on for curriculum
Finding 3 arts
based interventions
to build into
curriculum
Build curriculum
based on
interventions that is
accessible to
participants
Map out level of
engagement with
the curriculum
Edit curriculum
based on feedback
from the focus
groups
More insight into
what stressors
college students see
as affecting
work/life balance
Greater knowledge
of which stressors
to focus on with
college students
Wider knowledge
of students
perspective on
stress
Find what others
are doing to use art
in public health
Have a basis for
future curriculums
How feasible it to
take existing
programs and adapt
them into a
curriculum
Adapt the program
with community
insight
The first step of the internship will be to send a survey to students targeting the four
different stress areas from the conceptual model: cultural factors, social factors, built
14. 14
environment, and access to health services. They will be pointing out which levels of stress
impacted their school/work/life balance the most then measure which areas are the most stressful
for students. Once all the survey data is compiled, students who identified the most changeable
stressors as their most stressful areas will be invited to focus groups. The most changeable
stressor will be determined between the intern and preceptor based on the feasibility of it being
addressed during the internship. They will be encouraged to come to the focus groups with the
promise of an incentive. It is has not been decided yet what the incentive will be, but it will most
likely be food related. At the focus group, we will get qualitative data from the group and do a
post survey to reflect on their experience in the focus group. The post survey will be qualitative
based on the reflection, but also will ask them their personal relaxation techniques to gauge
where the groups is at and how to move forward (Hopkins, 2007).
Focus group data and surveys will be analyzed to pinpoint stress areas and events that are
the most prevalent. Research will be done to see how art can influence these stress areas and
events. The literature will be reviewed to see how art therapists, psychologists, public health
practitioners, etc. have used art to pinpoint certain stress areas. Once a comprehensive literature
review has been done, then will come curriculum building (Behar, 1994). There will be some
more research if needed to see how others have built curriculum, and to mold it into a time frame
that will be discussed during development. The length of the curriculum will be based on
research during the internship. Once the curriculum has been built, the focus groups will be
invited back to do an initial activity with the curriculum. This time will also be used to reflect on
if they feel art is an appropriate coping mechanism in the college setting. Their insight will be
taken and recorded in order to analyze further how the curriculum could be adjusted for future
uses. Unfortunately, the time allowed for the internship will not be enough to implement the full
15. 15
curriculum, but the building and research for the curriculum will set a foundation for future uses
of the program.
For more insight into the sequencing of the program, below is a Gantt Chart. This chart
will lay out in two sequences when certain activities will be performed. While this is subject to
change, the basic sequence is here to direct the actions of the internship. It is important to
understand how much time should be devoted to certain parts of the internship, especially if it
turns out some parts of the internship will take longer or shorter than other parts. This chart is
also dependent upon use of CUNY facilities, which will have to be organized in advance of the
focus groups.
January February March April
Initial Survey
Analyze Survey
Stressor Focus Group
Analyze Focus Group Data
Research and Curriculum
Building
Art Curriculum Focus Group
Analyze Data/Final Report
Another aspect of the internship that cannot be in concrete yet is incentives and IRB. For
the incentives they are dependent upon the amounts. The IRB cannot be attached at this time,
since the process for the IRB at CUNY has not been initiated yet. This will hopefully be initiated
soon so that by the beginning of the internship in January, recruiting for the internship could be
started.
16. 16
After all of this work into the theoretical and practical backgrounds of this internship, it is
also important to see why a personal experience like art is important to population based health.
This is the question that needs to be answered by this internship, because there are some arts
based mental health strategies already out there. While art in mental health is something that
already exists, art therapy as it stands now has the momentous barriers of having to deal with
health care system, high pay, already existing anxiety, and the barriers of getting into a clinic
(Anderson and Landgarten, 1973). These barriers are especially difficult in the urban
environment (Caracci, 2006), so finding something that could make widespread change without
too many existing barriers could prove even more beneficial. Public health has the breadth to
make widespread change, so this internship is not intended to end after May. This internship will
be the first building block in a long term process of building something that could change the
face of public health.
What I hope to contribute to the current state of knowledge about mental health is to
expand the innovative practices of the field, especially when dealing with these complex issues.
There is no question there is a prevalent need for mental health care. Public health has the
capacity to cover a variety of areas in a variety of ways. That is why the loose definition of
health allows for so many diverse programs to proliferate. Innovation will take this program even
further so that it can be disseminated to great effects in other areas and settings.
17. 17
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