Over 350 million people worldwide are suffering from rare diseases. Which is why it is necessary to understand the rare disease landscape to date.
Drug development is challenging at the best of times, and made even harder within the realm of rare diseases. Overall, the largest number of drugs has targeted indications within the therapeutic areas of oncology and infectious disease (ID), with malaria being an area of high interest with both therapeutic and preventive interventions.
View this slideshare to get the most accurate and timely intelligence about rare diseases drug development.
In this detailed 20-page report, containing numerous comparative graphs, you will discover:
- The top 25 Rare Diseases by total drugs in development to date
- Current Rare Disease drug development landscape
- Top 15 originators of drugs in development for Rare Diseases (includes non-rare disease drug counts and % of portfolio dedicated to Rare Diseases)
- Therapeutic area distribution of rare diseases and drugs in development
- The top 5 Rare Diseases by drug count per therapeutic area (TA)
- Rare Infectious Diseases with 10 or more drugs in development
- The top 15 originators developing drugs for Rare Infectious Diseases
- Rare cancers with 10 or more drugs in development
- The top 15 originators developing drugs for rare cancers
- Non-ID, non-cancer Rare Diseases with 20 or more drugs in development
- The top 15 originators developing drugs for non-ID, non-cancer Rare Diseases
Experts from Informa’s Medtrack, Trialtrove and Strategic Transactions teams presented a panel discussion at the recent T3 Conference in Orlando, Florida.
Your fast-pass to the news, insights, and storylines you need to know.
Watch the full webinar here http://ow.ly/4mOGmk
Hosted by Master of Ceremonies Ian Lloyd, senior director of Pharmaprojects and data integration, this webinar spotlights the blockbuster trends and rising stars of global R&D 2016 as seen in this year’s Annual Review.
During this presentation, Ian Lloyd & Scrip Managing Editor, Alex Shimmings cover:
>> Year-on-year growth
>> Clinical phases trends
>> Top companies and the shape of the industry
>> Mergers and acquisitions
>> Trending therapies, diseases, drug types and delivery routes
>> Mechanisms and drug targets
This webinar is the essential pharma R&D trend and forecast overview you need to be positioned for success in 2016.
Watch the full webinar here http://ow.ly/4mOGmk
ICIC 2014 Patent Landscape Analysis as a Tool for Public Policies Adjustment:...Dr. Haxel Consult
The innovative multinational pharmaceutical industry is highly dependent on the release and promotion of new drugs. However, recent economic evidence demonstrates a continuing decrease in new drugs’ market approval. Moreover, the industry is challenged by the “patent cliff”, where many blockbuster drugs are losing patent protection and facing ferocious competition.
It seems that the shortage of new drugs points to an intensification of drug development based on molecules already known, leading to incremental patents. However, there is a suspicion that many incremental patents are actually trivial, because they add little or nothing to existing therapies, but still impose high drug costs. To analyze that hypothesis, the present study has drawn the profile of all patents filed in Brazil in the antiretroviral (ARV) field up to 2012. Using VantagePoint® and Questel Orbit® softwares, a patent matrix was constructed with quali-quantitative data. Next, the patent applications' claims were analysed in order to detect incremental patents and classified according to their incrementalities. Finally we looked for evidence of triviality. As a result, it was demonstrated that the ARV market is highly concentrated and patent applications basically belong to six countries. Evidence that many incrementalities are actually trivialities and act as entry barriers, was found. Patent landscape studies such as this one can be extrapolated to other areas or countries, and can be used as a tool for public policy’s analysis to really fuel technological advance.
U.S. dependency on foreign pharmaceutical production imposes vulnerability to failure
Authors: Veronika Valdova, D.V.M. and Ronald L Sheckler
Affiliation: Arete-Zoe, LLC
ABSTRACT
Pharmaceutical supply chains have become increasingly complex due to the shift of manufacturing and critical operations to Asia. U.S. pharmaceutical dependency on foreign sole-source production of essential materials imposes vulnerability affecting the entire industry and national health systems from interruption by exposure to natural events and man-made threats, both accidental and criminal as well as political. Sector vulnerabilities stem from complex regulatory landscape, difficulties for enforcement of quality standards at foreign facilities, single-source supply chain resulting from limited sourcing options, increasing shipping distance exposure to both natural events and complicated by maritime chokepoints. Periodic and chronic shortages of many essential products across therapeutic categories have been significant for more than a decade. The Covid-19 crisis aggravated some of these long-standing issues and made the systemic vulnerabilities publicly evident. The combination of limited capacity to exercise control over essential commodities, the long-term trend of outsourcing, with the politicization of business relationships causes the entire pharmaceutical industrial sector to be internationally dependent, creating numerous potentials for systemic failure.
Experts from Informa’s Medtrack, Trialtrove and Strategic Transactions teams presented a panel discussion at the recent T3 Conference in Orlando, Florida.
Your fast-pass to the news, insights, and storylines you need to know.
Watch the full webinar here http://ow.ly/4mOGmk
Hosted by Master of Ceremonies Ian Lloyd, senior director of Pharmaprojects and data integration, this webinar spotlights the blockbuster trends and rising stars of global R&D 2016 as seen in this year’s Annual Review.
During this presentation, Ian Lloyd & Scrip Managing Editor, Alex Shimmings cover:
>> Year-on-year growth
>> Clinical phases trends
>> Top companies and the shape of the industry
>> Mergers and acquisitions
>> Trending therapies, diseases, drug types and delivery routes
>> Mechanisms and drug targets
This webinar is the essential pharma R&D trend and forecast overview you need to be positioned for success in 2016.
Watch the full webinar here http://ow.ly/4mOGmk
ICIC 2014 Patent Landscape Analysis as a Tool for Public Policies Adjustment:...Dr. Haxel Consult
The innovative multinational pharmaceutical industry is highly dependent on the release and promotion of new drugs. However, recent economic evidence demonstrates a continuing decrease in new drugs’ market approval. Moreover, the industry is challenged by the “patent cliff”, where many blockbuster drugs are losing patent protection and facing ferocious competition.
It seems that the shortage of new drugs points to an intensification of drug development based on molecules already known, leading to incremental patents. However, there is a suspicion that many incremental patents are actually trivial, because they add little or nothing to existing therapies, but still impose high drug costs. To analyze that hypothesis, the present study has drawn the profile of all patents filed in Brazil in the antiretroviral (ARV) field up to 2012. Using VantagePoint® and Questel Orbit® softwares, a patent matrix was constructed with quali-quantitative data. Next, the patent applications' claims were analysed in order to detect incremental patents and classified according to their incrementalities. Finally we looked for evidence of triviality. As a result, it was demonstrated that the ARV market is highly concentrated and patent applications basically belong to six countries. Evidence that many incrementalities are actually trivialities and act as entry barriers, was found. Patent landscape studies such as this one can be extrapolated to other areas or countries, and can be used as a tool for public policy’s analysis to really fuel technological advance.
U.S. dependency on foreign pharmaceutical production imposes vulnerability to failure
Authors: Veronika Valdova, D.V.M. and Ronald L Sheckler
Affiliation: Arete-Zoe, LLC
ABSTRACT
Pharmaceutical supply chains have become increasingly complex due to the shift of manufacturing and critical operations to Asia. U.S. pharmaceutical dependency on foreign sole-source production of essential materials imposes vulnerability affecting the entire industry and national health systems from interruption by exposure to natural events and man-made threats, both accidental and criminal as well as political. Sector vulnerabilities stem from complex regulatory landscape, difficulties for enforcement of quality standards at foreign facilities, single-source supply chain resulting from limited sourcing options, increasing shipping distance exposure to both natural events and complicated by maritime chokepoints. Periodic and chronic shortages of many essential products across therapeutic categories have been significant for more than a decade. The Covid-19 crisis aggravated some of these long-standing issues and made the systemic vulnerabilities publicly evident. The combination of limited capacity to exercise control over essential commodities, the long-term trend of outsourcing, with the politicization of business relationships causes the entire pharmaceutical industrial sector to be internationally dependent, creating numerous potentials for systemic failure.
Epigenetics Diagnostic Market Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Report...Signitech
The global epigenetics diagnostic market size was valued at USD 5.5 billion in 2018 and is estimated to register a CAGR of 18.8% over the forecast period. Increasing prevalence of cancer and other chronic diseases and growing geriatric population are some of the key factors expected to drive the market.
Existing pharmacovigilance post-market surveillance system is based on reporting of adverse drug reactions to national databases in real-time and post-marketing safety studies.
Quantitative evaluation of incidence, prevalence trends, and patterns of use from reporting data is problematic due to under-reporting and missing data on exposure. This is especially true if drugs are used off-label, in populations they were not intended for, or in combination with other medications.
While the case study below emphasizes post-market surveillance of marketed drugs, the same principles apply to other areas within clinical research and drug development, outcomes research, monitoring, and evaluation of the quality of provided care and pharmaco-economic applications.
Avoidable Patient Harm and Resulting Liability Arete-Zoe, LLC
Avoidable Patient Harm and Resulting Liability
What would it take to improve our insight into the cost of avoidable patient harm?
Medications are the most frequent cause of adverse events in clinical settings.
Some of the most devastating drug-related injuries include Steven-Johnson Syndrome, drug-related liver injury or bone marrow failure. These events, however rare, are among those that are very expensive to treat and often leave long-lasting damage.
The substantial consequences of adverse drug events are hospital admissions and readmissions, prolonged hospital stay, additional therapeutic interventions and increased demand on staff. For the patient, in addition to all the misery and pain they suffer, adverse drug events mean time away from work, loss of income and additional medical expenses.
Big Data in Drug Safety: Making post-marketing surveillance in pharmacovigila...Arete-Zoe, LLC
The paper makes a case for change in the way data on the safety of medicines is collected, structured, analyzed, visualized, and shared. Post-market surveillance shall move away from active reporting of individual case reports into national and international databases toward the collection and analysis of anonymous structured summary data from health care providers. The objective is to enable an analysis of total numbers of treated patients and treatment outcomes, including adverse drug reactions and off-label drug use, to provide meaningful, population-based, statistically valid, bias-free, real-time information on safety and efficacy of products on the market without endangering patients' privacy. Such approach would significantly reduce privacy concerns and add value for stakeholders who are interested in timely and accurate information on benefit:risk profile of medicinal products.
Equity research presentation and investment pitch on Ascendis Pharma A/S. Includes DCF valuation, and a strategic outlook for the company. My team and I made a strong buy recommendation on Ascendis Pharma A/S.
Availability of essential medicines in Hungary (2017)Arete-Zoe, LLC
This report analyzes availability of essential medicines as defined in the World Health Organization (WHO) Essential List Medicines (Report of the WHO Expert Committee) in Hungary. The WHO list of essential medicines contains most effective and safe medicines needed to meet the most important needs in health systems and is frequently used by countries to create their own national lists. Without these drugs, some conditions will not be able to receive optimal therapy. Availability gap represents serious public health concern. Expert Committee of the World Health Organization selects Essential Medicines Lists in accordance with approved procedures. The Committee evaluates the scientific evidence on the basis of the comparative effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of the medicines.
Similar to humans, animals too suffer from chronic diseases. Arthritis and other orthopedic conditions, chronic kidney disease, cancer, hepatitis and other liver diseases, skin allergies, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, and thyroid disorders are among the common chronic diseases in pets.
Medicines: is the applied science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
Bad effects called Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) , it differs from side effects.
Mastering Regulatory Approval in New Orphan Drug MarketsLewis Lau
Presented at DIA 2015 Annual Meeting. A symposum titled "A Global Update on Orphan Drug" chaired by Mr Noriaki Murao
http://www.diaglobal.org/en-US/Flagship-Meetings/DIA-Annual-Meeting/Meeting-Program/Find-Sessions-and-Presentations/Event-Details.aspx?productID=3803687&eventType=Symposium&title=A%20Global%20Update%20on%20Orphan%20Drugs
This symposium addresses the current status and forthcoming activities related to orphan drugs in North America, EU and Japan. Orphan drug development is considered essential in these regions, and the various provisions to accelerate the development of orphan drugs have been implemented. However, some challenges still remain for the companies and the agencies wishing to pursue development and approval of orphan drugs in these regions.
To purchase the full report follow this link https://goo.gl/kKrtGt
Using in-house sales forecasts, this analysis explores and visualizes market dynamics in the Big Pharma peer set out to 2025. PharmaVitae casts its eye out to 2025 as crystallizing trends in healthcare management will influence Big Pharma to further position itself towards providing value. Big Pharma will add $39bn in revenues out to 2025, generating $464bn in prescription pharmaceuticals at a low single-digit compound annual growth rate of 0.9%. A healthy launch portfolio will bolster growth as Big Pharma reaps the reward of breakthrough products as the result of recent industry innovation. However, the low single-digit CAGR is representative of the overall drag that Big Pharma is facing. Three themes will shape the outlook: evolving business models, market access, and productivity.
Key questions answered
Revenue analysis
Which will be the best performing companies out to 2025?
Which companies will propel revenue growth over the forecast period?
How will Big Pharma perform across the US, 5EU, Japan and RoW regions?
Which companies will have leading market share gains and market share losses?
Therapy area analysis
How are late-stage pipelines positioned and what are the most-coveted launch products?
How many new blockbuster positions will Big Pharma carve out to 2025?
Which therapy areas will experience the largest growth and decline?
Where are companies building leadership positions in specific therapy areas?
What are the detailed competitive dynamics at play in the oncology, metabolic and, infectious diseases markets?
Strategy analysis
Will there be drastic shifts in the proportion of prescription drug revenue that is attributed to R&D?
How is Big Pharma using M&A to propel strategic goals?
What is the current status of biosimilar filings and how will they affect the performance of Big Pharma?
What strategies have been key for the commercial success of products launched in the past few years?
Highlights
Big Pharma prescription drug sales are forecast to grow to $464bn by 2025 at a compound annual growth rate of 0.9%
Number one company in 2025: Pfizer sustains top ranking in prescription drug sales out to 2025
Most valuable product: Humira will continue to be the highest selling product in 2025 with global sales forecast at $11bn
Most lucrative therapy area: Oncology will supplant metabolic in 2023 to become the most valuable therapy for Big Pharma
Most valuable class: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors will continue to build momentum out to 2025
Pipeline launch analysis: Big Pharma’s launch portfolio is set to add $134bn in revenues out to 2025
Most valuable company pipeline: Gilead will add pipeline revenues of $19bn out to 2025.
To purchase the full report follow this link https://goo.gl/kKrtGt
Epigenetics Diagnostic Market Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Report...Signitech
The global epigenetics diagnostic market size was valued at USD 5.5 billion in 2018 and is estimated to register a CAGR of 18.8% over the forecast period. Increasing prevalence of cancer and other chronic diseases and growing geriatric population are some of the key factors expected to drive the market.
Existing pharmacovigilance post-market surveillance system is based on reporting of adverse drug reactions to national databases in real-time and post-marketing safety studies.
Quantitative evaluation of incidence, prevalence trends, and patterns of use from reporting data is problematic due to under-reporting and missing data on exposure. This is especially true if drugs are used off-label, in populations they were not intended for, or in combination with other medications.
While the case study below emphasizes post-market surveillance of marketed drugs, the same principles apply to other areas within clinical research and drug development, outcomes research, monitoring, and evaluation of the quality of provided care and pharmaco-economic applications.
Avoidable Patient Harm and Resulting Liability Arete-Zoe, LLC
Avoidable Patient Harm and Resulting Liability
What would it take to improve our insight into the cost of avoidable patient harm?
Medications are the most frequent cause of adverse events in clinical settings.
Some of the most devastating drug-related injuries include Steven-Johnson Syndrome, drug-related liver injury or bone marrow failure. These events, however rare, are among those that are very expensive to treat and often leave long-lasting damage.
The substantial consequences of adverse drug events are hospital admissions and readmissions, prolonged hospital stay, additional therapeutic interventions and increased demand on staff. For the patient, in addition to all the misery and pain they suffer, adverse drug events mean time away from work, loss of income and additional medical expenses.
Big Data in Drug Safety: Making post-marketing surveillance in pharmacovigila...Arete-Zoe, LLC
The paper makes a case for change in the way data on the safety of medicines is collected, structured, analyzed, visualized, and shared. Post-market surveillance shall move away from active reporting of individual case reports into national and international databases toward the collection and analysis of anonymous structured summary data from health care providers. The objective is to enable an analysis of total numbers of treated patients and treatment outcomes, including adverse drug reactions and off-label drug use, to provide meaningful, population-based, statistically valid, bias-free, real-time information on safety and efficacy of products on the market without endangering patients' privacy. Such approach would significantly reduce privacy concerns and add value for stakeholders who are interested in timely and accurate information on benefit:risk profile of medicinal products.
Equity research presentation and investment pitch on Ascendis Pharma A/S. Includes DCF valuation, and a strategic outlook for the company. My team and I made a strong buy recommendation on Ascendis Pharma A/S.
Availability of essential medicines in Hungary (2017)Arete-Zoe, LLC
This report analyzes availability of essential medicines as defined in the World Health Organization (WHO) Essential List Medicines (Report of the WHO Expert Committee) in Hungary. The WHO list of essential medicines contains most effective and safe medicines needed to meet the most important needs in health systems and is frequently used by countries to create their own national lists. Without these drugs, some conditions will not be able to receive optimal therapy. Availability gap represents serious public health concern. Expert Committee of the World Health Organization selects Essential Medicines Lists in accordance with approved procedures. The Committee evaluates the scientific evidence on the basis of the comparative effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of the medicines.
Similar to humans, animals too suffer from chronic diseases. Arthritis and other orthopedic conditions, chronic kidney disease, cancer, hepatitis and other liver diseases, skin allergies, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, and thyroid disorders are among the common chronic diseases in pets.
Medicines: is the applied science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
Bad effects called Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) , it differs from side effects.
Mastering Regulatory Approval in New Orphan Drug MarketsLewis Lau
Presented at DIA 2015 Annual Meeting. A symposum titled "A Global Update on Orphan Drug" chaired by Mr Noriaki Murao
http://www.diaglobal.org/en-US/Flagship-Meetings/DIA-Annual-Meeting/Meeting-Program/Find-Sessions-and-Presentations/Event-Details.aspx?productID=3803687&eventType=Symposium&title=A%20Global%20Update%20on%20Orphan%20Drugs
This symposium addresses the current status and forthcoming activities related to orphan drugs in North America, EU and Japan. Orphan drug development is considered essential in these regions, and the various provisions to accelerate the development of orphan drugs have been implemented. However, some challenges still remain for the companies and the agencies wishing to pursue development and approval of orphan drugs in these regions.
To purchase the full report follow this link https://goo.gl/kKrtGt
Using in-house sales forecasts, this analysis explores and visualizes market dynamics in the Big Pharma peer set out to 2025. PharmaVitae casts its eye out to 2025 as crystallizing trends in healthcare management will influence Big Pharma to further position itself towards providing value. Big Pharma will add $39bn in revenues out to 2025, generating $464bn in prescription pharmaceuticals at a low single-digit compound annual growth rate of 0.9%. A healthy launch portfolio will bolster growth as Big Pharma reaps the reward of breakthrough products as the result of recent industry innovation. However, the low single-digit CAGR is representative of the overall drag that Big Pharma is facing. Three themes will shape the outlook: evolving business models, market access, and productivity.
Key questions answered
Revenue analysis
Which will be the best performing companies out to 2025?
Which companies will propel revenue growth over the forecast period?
How will Big Pharma perform across the US, 5EU, Japan and RoW regions?
Which companies will have leading market share gains and market share losses?
Therapy area analysis
How are late-stage pipelines positioned and what are the most-coveted launch products?
How many new blockbuster positions will Big Pharma carve out to 2025?
Which therapy areas will experience the largest growth and decline?
Where are companies building leadership positions in specific therapy areas?
What are the detailed competitive dynamics at play in the oncology, metabolic and, infectious diseases markets?
Strategy analysis
Will there be drastic shifts in the proportion of prescription drug revenue that is attributed to R&D?
How is Big Pharma using M&A to propel strategic goals?
What is the current status of biosimilar filings and how will they affect the performance of Big Pharma?
What strategies have been key for the commercial success of products launched in the past few years?
Highlights
Big Pharma prescription drug sales are forecast to grow to $464bn by 2025 at a compound annual growth rate of 0.9%
Number one company in 2025: Pfizer sustains top ranking in prescription drug sales out to 2025
Most valuable product: Humira will continue to be the highest selling product in 2025 with global sales forecast at $11bn
Most lucrative therapy area: Oncology will supplant metabolic in 2023 to become the most valuable therapy for Big Pharma
Most valuable class: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors will continue to build momentum out to 2025
Pipeline launch analysis: Big Pharma’s launch portfolio is set to add $134bn in revenues out to 2025
Most valuable company pipeline: Gilead will add pipeline revenues of $19bn out to 2025.
To purchase the full report follow this link https://goo.gl/kKrtGt
R. Villano - Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta: cenni sulle attivita' intern...Raimondo Villano
24. R. Villano “Tuitio Fidei et Obsequium Pauperum. Storia, spiritualità e sovranità nelle tradizioni e nella modernità del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta” con presentazione di Mons. Prof. Raffaele Ferriero, Penitenziere del Duomo di Napoli e Rettore della Chiesa di San Ferdinando di Napoli; con il patrocinio dell’Accademia di Storia dell’Arte Sanitaria e di Chiron dpt Hystart. Secondo S.E. Ven. Balì Gran Croce di Giustizia Fra’ Franz VON LOBSTEIN, già Gran Priore di Roma e Membro del Sovrano Consiglio del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta, “il libro si distingue per approfondita informazione e scorrevolezza di esposizione”. Apprezzato da numerose Autorità civili, religiose e melitensi, tra cui: il Capo dello Stato, il Santo Padre, S.A. E.ma il Principe e Gran Maestro del SMOM, vari regnanti d’Europa e Alti Prelati. È in varie prestigiose istituzioni governative, scientifiche, storiche, professionali, in molti Istituti Italiani di Cultura, in diverse istituzioni religiose, pontificie e vaticane, in molte Biblioteche specialistiche, civiche e nazionali in Italia e all’estero, tra cui: Quirinale; Città del Vaticano; Biblioteca Magistrale del Sovrano Militare Ordine di Malta; Casa de la Zarzuela, Madrid-Spagna; Residenza dell’Arciduca del Lussemburgo; Palazzo Reale di Alberto II del Belgio; Palais du Prince de Monaco-Montecarlo; Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL; Centrale Giuridica-Roma; Braidense-Milano. (Digitall, pag. 335, 1^ edizione feb 2008; 2^ ed. Pergamena, mar 2008; 3^ ed., pag. 360, Pergamena, dic 2008; 4^ ed., ISBN 978-88-904235-43, LCC DG 831, CDD 900 VIL tui 2008, pp. 390, Pergamena, ott 2009);
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Availability of essential medicines in the Czech Republic Arete-Zoe, LLC
This report analyzes availability of essential medicines as defined in the World Health Organization (WHO) Essential List Medicines (The Selection And Use Of Essential Medicines. Report Of The WHO Expert Committee, 2015) in the Czech Republic. The report offers comprehensive information on active pharmaceutical ingredients offered locally as well as number of registrations for each API by system organ class. The WHO list of essential medicines contains most effective and safe medicines needed to meet the most important needs in health systems, and is frequently used by countries to create their own national lists. Without these drugs, some conditions will not be able to receive optimal therapy. Availability gap represents serious public health concern. Of the total number of 13,256 individual registrations for essential medicines, only 2,110 (14%) were actively marketed in Q3 2016.
https://www.aretezoe.com/essential-medicines
Availability of essential medicines in the Czech Republic (2017)Arete-Zoe, LLC
This report analyzes availability of essential medicines as defined in the World Health Organization (WHO) Essential List Medicines (Report of the WHO Expert Committee) in the Czech Republic. The WHO list of essential medicines contains most effective and safe medicines needed to meet the most important needs in health systems, and is frequently used by countries to create their own national lists. Without these drugs, some conditions will not be able to receive optimal therapy. Availability gap represents serious public health concern.
Expert Committee of the World Health Organization selects Essential Medicines Lists in accordance with approved procedures. The Committee evaluates the scientific evidence on the basis of the comparative effectiveness, safety and cost–effectiveness of the medicines. Both lists (adult and pediatric) went through major revisions in 2015, as the Committee considered 77 applications, including 29 treatment regimens for cancer, hepatitis C and tuberculosis (The Selection And Use Of Essential Medicines. Report Of The WHO Expert Committee, 2015).
Local availability is expressed as registration, in the form of total number of licensed products, and number of marketed products, i.e. products that were on the market in Q3 2016. Of the total number of 13,256 individual registrations for essential medicines, only 2,110 (14%) were actively marketed in Q3 2016. Total number of licensed and marketed product equals all strengths, formulations and dosage forms counted separately. The dataset is current as of December 30, 2016. Any revisions to the database made in the period between data download and publication of this report are not considered. Locally available products were compared to the WHO list of essential medicines. The material is presented in graphs and summary tabulations as listed in the table of contents.
Of the 427 essential drugs, 311 are registered in the Czech Republic, 292 were registered and marketed in Q3 2016, 19 were registered but not marketed, and 135 (32%) were unavailable. Most affected classes are antibacterials, antituberculars, antiretrovirals, antiparasitics, and dermatologicals. Essential medicines availability gap overlaps significantly with drugs that are in shortage globally.
The report provides overview of the situation in the Czech Republic. Essential medicines availability gap represents both public health concern and risk of harm to individual patients. Substitute and second line therapies are often less effective, more toxic, or more expensive. Improvisation and the use of less familiar medicines are more likely to lead to medication errors. Mitigation of shortages and creation of shared contingency supplies puts additional strain on understaffed hospitals, in addition to human toll inflicted by social stress. Drug shortages make it impossible to follow evidence-based practice guidelines, and force decisions to prioritize certain group of people over another.
Securing the Global Pharmaceutical Supply Chain against the Threat of Counter...Yasmin AbdelAziz
In 2012, counterfeit versions of the cancer drug
Avastin were found in 19 American treatment
centers. The impostor drug lacked the active
ingredient, rendering it virtually useless for
treatment purposes.
The safe use of medicines is perhaps the single most important criteria that any regulatory authority within a given country has to ensure in order both to protect the public health and the integrity of its health care system. For the same purpose pharmacovigilance was established. According to WHO, Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities related to the collection, detection, and assessment of ADR’s. It promotes the systematic, rational use and assures the confidence for the safety of drugs. It improves patient care and safety. Significance of pharmacovigilance is growing as the patients or consumers have become more responsive about the advantage and hazard of medicines. Pharmacovigilance is a complex process and a robust system is essential to undertake the activity. A good pharmacovigilance system will identify the hazard aspects in the short period of time. This review article tries to explain the some basic principles, history and developments, methods and some scope of this developing field i.e. Pharmacovigilance in India.
A rare disease is a disease that affects a tiny percentage of the population. In other words, an orphan disease is a rare disease, which means that there is a shortage of a market to get support and resources for discovering treatments for it.
Rare Diseases: A Report on Orphan Drugs in the PipelinePhRMA
Rare diseases, when taken together, are not that rare at all. In fact, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), 30 million Americans have one of the nearly 7,000 diseases that are officially deemed “rare” because alone they each affect fewer than 200,000 people in the United States.
Neglected and rare diseases traditionally have not been the focus of large pharmaceutical company research as biotech and academia have primarily been involved in drug discovery efforts for such diseases. This area certainly represents a new opportunity as the pharmaceutical industry investigates new markets. One approach to speed up drug discovery is to examine new uses for existing approved drugs; this is termed drug repositioning or drug repurposing and has become increasingly popular in recent years. Analysis of the literature reveals that using high-throughput screening there have been many examples of FDA approved drugs found to be active against additional targets that can be used to therapeutic advantage for repositioning for other diseases. To date there are far fewer such examples where in silico approaches have allowed for the derivation of new uses. It is suggested that with current technologies and databases of chemical compounds (drugs) and related data, as well as close integration with in vitro screening data, improved opportunities for drug repurposing will emerge. In this publication a review of the literature will highlight several proof of principle examples from areas such as finding new inhibitors for drug transporters with 3D pharmacophores and uncovering molecules active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) using Bayesian models of compound libraries. Research into neglected or rare/orphan diseases can likely benefit from in silico drug repositioning approaches and accelerate drug discovery for these diseases.
Please read below case and individually take the role of “NGOsAdvoc.pdfpallavi953613
Please read below case and individually take the role of “NGOs/Advocacy Groups” as one of the
important stakeholder.
Discuss the case, from your chosen stakeholder as “NGOs/Advocacy Groups” and perspective
analyzing the reasons for the current situation and the changes you would propose for the future,
supported with additionally researched relevant information.
Please mention your list of references and at least 400 words.
In-Depth Integrative Case 1.2
Pharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property,
and the Global AIDS Epidemic
In August 2003, after heavy lobbying from nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs) such as Doctors Without
Borders, the U.S. pharmaceutical industry finally dropped
its opposition to relaxation of the intellectual property
rights (IPR) provisions under World Trade Organization
(WTO) regulations to make generic, low-cost antiviral
drugs available to developing countries like South Africa
facing epidemics or other health emergencies. 1 Although
this announcement appeared to end a three-year dispute
between multinational pharmaceutical companies, governments,
and NGOs over the most appropriate and effective
response to viral pandemics in the developing world, the
specific procedures for determining what constitutes a
health emergency had yet to be worked out. Nonetheless,
the day after the agreement was announced, the government
of Brazil said it would publish a decree authorizing
imports of generic versions of patented AIDS drugs that
the country said it could no longer afford to buy from
multinational pharmaceutical companies. Although the
tentative WTO agreement would appear to allow such
production under limited circumstances, former U.S. trade
official Jon Huenemann remarked, “They’re playing with
fire. . . . The sensitivities of this are obvious and we’re
right on the edge here.”
Despite the role of developed and developing country
governments, NGOs, large pharmaceutical companies,
and their generic competitors in crafting this agreement,
it was unclear how it would be implemented and whether
action would be swift enough to stem the HIV/AIDS epidemic
ravaging South Africa and many other countries.
The AIDS Epidemic and Potential
Treatment
In 2008, after over two decades of fighting the AIDS epidemic
and raising the public awareness, HIV/AIDS still
remained one of the leading causes of death in the world,
occupying the 6th position in WHO Top 10 Causes of
Death list. 3 According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), in 2008 there were approximately 33.4 million
people living with AIDS, with 2.7 million newly infected,
and 2 millions deaths (see Table 1). Since 1980, AIDS has
killed more than 25 million people. HIV is especially
deadly because it often remains dormant in an infected person
for years without showing symptoms and is transmitted
to others often without the knowledge of either person. HIV
leads to AIDS when the virus attacks the immune system
and cripples it, making the person vulnerable to diseases. 4
Th.
The global antipsychotic drug market size is expected to expand at a considerable CAGR during the forecast period, 2021–2028. The growth of the market is attributed to the increase in incidences of psychotic disorders such as hallucinations, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, delusions, and severe depression.
2012 How did Rx abuse become a National Epidemic in the USTeresa Miller
Information includes: definition of epidemic, abuse, how Rx abuse became an epidemic, national stats on emergency room visits, overdoses, ... who are the supplies, end users... misusers by population, cost to our society & economy, ....
Epilepsy Drugs Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Op...IMARC Group
The global epilepsy drugs market size reached US$ 2.3 Billion in 2023. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 4.4 Billion by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 7.16% during 2024-2032.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/epilepsy-drugs-market
The 2017 Scrip Awards are accepting entries.
For the last 12 years, the Scrip Awards has applauded the essential role the pharmaceutical, biotech and other allied industries play in improving healthcare, with trophies spanning the entire range of industry activities, from new drug launches and clinical trials, to innovative deals, outsourcing and fundraising.
This year we have an exciting new category to reward the successes of business development teams, whether they are from a pharma or biotech company or a cross-company team responsible for a specific deal or collaborative project.
The Scrip Awards has carved out a unique place in the industry calendar, with attendees coming far and wide to the prestigious ceremony, which this year will take place in the London Hilton on Park Lane in Mayfair on 29 November.
Our panel of 16 highly respected and independent experts from across the sector is waiting to judge the entries from the 16 categories in contention this year. Now is the time to prepare your entry and make sure you take your opportunity to shine.
Find out more information here http://www.scripawards.com/enter/
Will reimbursement prove to be the biggest barrier as three gene therapies gain regulatory approval?
Datamonitor Healthcare has carried out a comprehensive analysis of gene therapy products in commercial development worldwide based on information derived from Pharmaprojects. The results have been analyzed to reveal trends in gene therapy technologies and approaches to the treatment of different diseases.
The number of gene therapy products in preclinical to Phase III and beyond stages of development doubled between 2012 and 2015. Additionally, three gene therapy products – Glybera (uniQure), Imlygic (Amgen), and Strimvelis (GlaxoSmithKline) – have now received regulatory approval in Europe. While these approvals give some validation to gene therapy as a therapeutic strategy, doubts remain around their return on investment. The high upfront costs and residual uncertainty around the long-term benefits of gene therapy products are proving to be hurdles to wider access and reimbursement, but seem to have had a minimal impact on companies’ appetite to dive into this arena, with cancer and monogenic diseases proving to be the most popular indications for the development of gene therapy products.
For more information on this report visit https://pharmastore.informa.com/product/trends-gene-therapy/
Brexit: Issues And Opportunities As UK Life Sciences Define A New Relationshi...Pharma Intelligence
View the full webinar here http://bit.ly/Webinar_Brexit_Download
Sector specific concerns in the wake of the Brexit vote include potential changes to drug approval regulations, movement of researchers and executives into and out of the UK, the impact on investment and trade, and more.
Listen to:
Steve Bates, Chief Executive Officer, BIA
Virginia Acha, Executive Director, ABPI
Jo Pisani, Partner, PwC
Lindsey Barras, Director in Global Immigration, PwC
Harren Jhoti, President and CEO, Astex Pharmaceuticals
Ian Schofield, Principal Analyst, Scrip
Sukaina Virji, News Editor, Scrip (Chair)
They share insight on the following key areas:
Brexit: what do we actually know?
- Key concerns around regulation, people, trade and innovation
- Key elements of the government’s Brexit strategy
- What opportunities Brexit throws out for UK life sciences
View the full webinar here http://bit.ly/Webinar_Brexit_Download
EuroPCR is the world leading course in interventional cardiovascular medicine - catch up on the 2016 event with our detailed coverage.
This report highlights Meddevicetracker’s content on the recent event, and shows you how information is easier to find with our new tool - as well as the additional benefits from the data and analysis provided on this new and flexible user interface.
Analyzing ASCO 2016: Developments, takeaways, and implications from the confe...Pharma Intelligence
In conjunction with a Key Opinion Leader, Dr. Peter Lee MD Chair, Department of Immuno-Oncology at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, CA, several Informa analysts discuss the major developments of the conference and key take-aways via a Webinar.
Watch our recording of Biomedtracker's Robert Jeng, Ph,D., Citeline's Allison Bruce, Scrip's Mary Jo Laffler, and Datamonitor Healthcare's Zachary McLellan as they download and debrief following the always-exciting ASCO weekend.
View and listen to the full webinar here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yMsCb3R5X8
Biologics in Asthma: Generics, reimbursement, and market potential Pharma Intelligence
While asthma has traditionally been considered a well-established market, there are still a number of key unmet needs that could drive further development, particularly among biologics.
In this complimentary webinar, our Datamonitor Healthcare analyst will discuss current and pending biologics being used to treat chronic asthma, including pricing and reimbursement issues, performance projections, targeted patient groups, and the impact of generics on the market.
View and listen to full webinar for free here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNlUE-VH6Tc
In this report, we cover catalysts from 21 drugs, devices and diagnostics expected to occur in Q2 2016. We have also included a list of large Impact catalysts in the drug and device/diagnostic areas through Q2 2016 from our sister product, CatalystTracker. In addition, each drug’s likelihood of Phase/PDUFA review success and overall Likelihood of Approval (LOA) given their particular phase, drug class, and disease group are provided.
Our Early 2016 Outlook Report highlighted several high- impact catalysts. The results of these catalysts can be found on Page 5 of this report. Biomedtracker Likelihood of Approval (LOA) opinions successfully predicted 78% of catalyst outcomes that occurred in Early 2016.
We have provided a sample of this 52 page report - to download
your complimentary copy of Biomedtrackers & Meddevicetrackers Q2 2016 Outlook report, please use the following link http://ow.ly/BG9g3004er4
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.